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Journal articles on the topic 'Cave bivalve'
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1
Rassam, Hanane, Soumia Moutaouakil, Hassan Benaissa, Christian Albrecht, and Mohamed Ghamizi. "First record of Pisidium subtruncatum Malm, 1855 (Bivalvia, Sphaeriidae) in an African cave." Subterranean Biology 34 (May 15, 2020): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.34.50916.
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Studies on the bivalve family Sphaeriidae in North Africa are very limited at the surface water level, but even more for caves. During an expedition in 2019 to the Ait M’hamed cave (Oum Er Rabia Basin), six specimens of the genus Pisidium were collected. Morphometric and genetic analyses showed that these individuals belong to the species Pisidium subtruncatum Malm, 1855. This work is the first step towards future exploration of cave Sphaeriidae in North Africa.
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Rassam, Hanane, Soumia Moutaouakil, Hassan Benaissa, Christian Albrecht, and Mohamed Ghamizi. "First record of Pisidium subtruncatum Malm, 1855 (Bivalvia, Sphaeriidae) in an African cave." Subterranean Biology 34 (May 15, 2020): 99–108. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.34.50916.
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Studies on the bivalve family Sphaeriidae in North Africa are very limited at the surface water level, but even more for caves. During an expedition in 2019 to the Ait M'hamed cave (Oum Er Rabia Basin), six specimens of the genus Pisidium were collected. Morphometric and genetic analyses showed that these individuals belong to the species Pisidium subtruncatum Malm, 1855. This work is the first step towards future exploration of cave Sphaeriidae in North Africa.
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Lukić, Marko, Magdalena Grgić, Tin Rožman, et al. "Culturing cave mollusks in the laboratory: strategies and troubleshooting." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 5 (July 14, 2022): e87764. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.5.e87764.
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Objective obstacles such as high water levels that prevent access to caves at certain times of the year or the need to use complex tools and skills such as cave diving make biological research in caves extremely complex and occasionally dangerous. Moreover, to study physiological and behavioral adaptations of cave animals, they must be kept under controlled laboratory conditions. For this reason, we have established an animal facility in our laboratory. The available literature on invertebrate setup, operation, and care was sparse and unsuitable for the species we were studying. Fortunately, many cave biologists provided us with advice and support during the initial phase. Here we present our experiences to provide some guidelines for other researchers undertaking similar efforts. Among other animal groups, we are culturing several morphotypes of the cave snail <em>Physella</em> sp. and two cave and one surface species pair of bivalves: <em>Congeria</em> spp. and <em>Dreissena polymorpha</em>. We discuss good and bad practices in mollusk care - housing, water treatment, different types of food, and small aquarium design. Special attention is given to problems we have encountered with our colonies and changes we have made to address these problems, both successful and unsuccessful. We also address the general protocols required for keeping multiple species in a single facility, including procedures for decontamination of equipment and tools, and quarantine.
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Orihuela, Johanset, and Adrian Tejedor. "Peter's ghost-faced bat Mormoops megalophylla (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) from a pre-Columbian archeological deposit in Cuba." Acta Chiropterologica 14, no. 1 (2012): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13457740.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Here we report a right dentary of Peter's ghost-faced bat Mormoops megalophylla from an archeological site in northern Matanzas province, western Cuba. The specimen was excavated from a pre-Columbian archeological cave deposit in association with stone tools, bivalve shells, snake and fish vertebrae, and capromyid (rodent) postcranial elements. Although the deposit is not directly dated, the relationship of the assemblage to the time of Amerindian occupation in this cave suggests an age between 1600 and 850 years BP. Therefore, this report may constitute a probable 'last occurrence' date for M. megalophylla in Cuba. This bat is believed to have gone extirpated in the West Indies because of a combination of habitat-area loss due to climatic turnover during the late Pleistocene and human disturbance later in the Holocene. Based on new evidence, we add that climate-related bat extirpations could lag for several thousands of years after the onset of new environmental conditions, and that these can be easily accelerated by anthropogenic disturbance. This information can help improve the understanding of chiropteran diversity, causes, and timing of extirpations in Cuba and the West Indies.
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Orihuela, Johanset, and Adrian Tejedor. "Peter's ghost-faced bat Mormoops megalophylla (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) from a pre-Columbian archeological deposit in Cuba." Acta Chiropterologica 14, no. 1 (2012): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13457740.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Here we report a right dentary of Peter's ghost-faced bat Mormoops megalophylla from an archeological site in northern Matanzas province, western Cuba. The specimen was excavated from a pre-Columbian archeological cave deposit in association with stone tools, bivalve shells, snake and fish vertebrae, and capromyid (rodent) postcranial elements. Although the deposit is not directly dated, the relationship of the assemblage to the time of Amerindian occupation in this cave suggests an age between 1600 and 850 years BP. Therefore, this report may constitute a probable 'last occurrence' date for M. megalophylla in Cuba. This bat is believed to have gone extirpated in the West Indies because of a combination of habitat-area loss due to climatic turnover during the late Pleistocene and human disturbance later in the Holocene. Based on new evidence, we add that climate-related bat extirpations could lag for several thousands of years after the onset of new environmental conditions, and that these can be easily accelerated by anthropogenic disturbance. This information can help improve the understanding of chiropteran diversity, causes, and timing of extirpations in Cuba and the West Indies.
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Orihuela, Johanset, and Adrian Tejedor. "Peter's ghost-faced bat Mormoops megalophylla (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) from a pre-Columbian archeological deposit in Cuba." Acta Chiropterologica 14, no. 1 (2012): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13457740.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Here we report a right dentary of Peter's ghost-faced bat Mormoops megalophylla from an archeological site in northern Matanzas province, western Cuba. The specimen was excavated from a pre-Columbian archeological cave deposit in association with stone tools, bivalve shells, snake and fish vertebrae, and capromyid (rodent) postcranial elements. Although the deposit is not directly dated, the relationship of the assemblage to the time of Amerindian occupation in this cave suggests an age between 1600 and 850 years BP. Therefore, this report may constitute a probable 'last occurrence' date for M. megalophylla in Cuba. This bat is believed to have gone extirpated in the West Indies because of a combination of habitat-area loss due to climatic turnover during the late Pleistocene and human disturbance later in the Holocene. Based on new evidence, we add that climate-related bat extirpations could lag for several thousands of years after the onset of new environmental conditions, and that these can be easily accelerated by anthropogenic disturbance. This information can help improve the understanding of chiropteran diversity, causes, and timing of extirpations in Cuba and the West Indies.
7
Orihuela, Johanset, and Adrian Tejedor. "Peter's ghost-faced bat Mormoops megalophylla (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) from a pre-Columbian archeological deposit in Cuba." Acta Chiropterologica 14, no. 1 (2012): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13457740.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Here we report a right dentary of Peter's ghost-faced bat Mormoops megalophylla from an archeological site in northern Matanzas province, western Cuba. The specimen was excavated from a pre-Columbian archeological cave deposit in association with stone tools, bivalve shells, snake and fish vertebrae, and capromyid (rodent) postcranial elements. Although the deposit is not directly dated, the relationship of the assemblage to the time of Amerindian occupation in this cave suggests an age between 1600 and 850 years BP. Therefore, this report may constitute a probable 'last occurrence' date for M. megalophylla in Cuba. This bat is believed to have gone extirpated in the West Indies because of a combination of habitat-area loss due to climatic turnover during the late Pleistocene and human disturbance later in the Holocene. Based on new evidence, we add that climate-related bat extirpations could lag for several thousands of years after the onset of new environmental conditions, and that these can be easily accelerated by anthropogenic disturbance. This information can help improve the understanding of chiropteran diversity, causes, and timing of extirpations in Cuba and the West Indies.
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Baković, Najla, Ferry Siemensma, Sanja Puljas, et al. "First data on testate amoebae associated with the endemic cave bivalve Congeria jalzici Morton & Bilandžija, 2013 with a description of Psammonobiotus dinarica sp. nov." Subterranean Biology 45 (February 21, 2023): 53–74. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.45.97105.
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Testate amoebae are phylogenetically a very diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms. They can be found in marine and freshwater habitats and in soil. Some of these single-celled organisms inhabit both surface and cave habitats, but their diversity in caves has barely been explored. Recent studies in the Dinaric region imply that testate amoebae in caves show a high diversity. The aim of this study was to identify the alpha diversity of testate amoebae in the Lika region (Dinaric karst, Croatia) and to compare the habitats of different caves based on testate amoebae assemblages. In eight caves we found more than 40 testate amoebae taxa, including a new testate amoeba species, Psammonobiotus dinarica sp. nov. The greatest diversity of testate amoebae was found in Markov ponor (27 taxa). The Bray-Curtis Similarity Index showed that testate amoebae assemblages in caves inhabited by the endemic and endangered cave bivalve Congeria jalzici (Markov ponor, Dankov ponor and Dražice ponor) differ from caves not inhabited by this species. This differentiation is attributed to the impact of the sinking Lika river, which occasionally completely submerges these caves, creating specific habitats for eukaryotic microorganisms. This study contributes to our understanding of the diversity, biogeography and ecology of testate amoebae in caves, as well as providing further insight into the conditions that sustain populations of C. jalzici.
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Umami, Rizal, and Agil Al Idrus. "Evidence of The Successful Conservation of Enhalus Acoroides in Terms of The Diversity of Bivalves on The Coast of East Lombok." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23, no. 2 (2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i2.4320.
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The existence of seagrass in coastal areas can affect marine biota that live around it. Seagrass has an important role as an area of care, spawning, and protection. This study aims to determine the success of conserving seagrass beds of the Enhalus acorodies species in terms of bivalve diversity on the south coast of East Lombok. The research was conducted using transect and observation methods. The data obtained were analyzed using evenness index, diversity index, and species richness. The results of the study found 10 types of Bivalves in Poton Bako. Bivalves diversity index is included in the medium category of 2,228. The evenness index of bivalves was 0.409 in the low category. Then, the species richness index is 1.653 in the low category. The species diversity of Bivalvia in seagrass beds in Poton Bako is still relatively moderate so that the sustainability of the seagrass species Enhalus acoroides can be said to be maintained. The existence of a feed source or substrate derived from the remains of seagrass is used as a source of feed. The conservation of Enhalus acoroides seagrass needs to be maintained so that it has an impact on the survival and diversity of Bivalves in the area.
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Kitamura, Akihisa, Nagisa Yamamoto, Tomoki Kase, et al. "Potential of submarine-cave sediments and oxygen isotope composition of cavernicolous micro-bivalve as a late Holocene paleoenvironmental record." Global and Planetary Change 55, no. 4 (2007): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.09.002.
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Scapolatiello, Annalisa, Chiara Manfrin, Samuele Greco, et al. "Variation of Gene Expression in the Endemic Dinaric Karst Cave-Dwelling Bivalve Mollusk Congeria kusceri during the Summer Season." Diversity 15, no. 6 (2023): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15060707.
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The cave systems of the Neretva River basin in the Dinaric Karst are home to Congeria kusceri, one of the very few known examples of stygobiotic bivalve mollusks, which displays several unique life history traits and adaptations that allowed its adaptation to the subterranean environment. This endemic species is undergoing rapid decline, most likely linked with habitat degradation, which might seriously threaten its survival in the next few decades. Unfortunately, the urgent need for effective conservation efforts is hampered by the lack of effective regulations aimed at preserving remnant populations as well as by our limited knowledge of the biology of this species. Although the precise factors underlying the disappearance of C. kusceri from its type locations are not entirely clear, the alteration of seasonal changes in water temperatures and alkalinity is most likely involved, as these are the main drivers of shell growth, spawning, and the onset and progression of the new gametogenic cycle. While these aspects have so far only been studied using morphological and physiological observations, future conservation efforts would certainly benefit from an integrated multidisciplinary approach. Here, using RNA-sequencing, we provide an overview of the modulation of gene expression recorded in five key tissues (the mantle, gonads, gills, adductor muscle, and digestive gland) between early June and late September. We highlight the presence of markedly tissue-specific responses, with the most dramatic changes affecting the gonads, mantle, and gills. We further identified a drastic switch in the use of energy budgets between the two periods, with evidence of ongoing shell growth and high metabolic activity in the mantle and gills at the early time point, followed by a massive redirection of all available energy to the gonads for the generation of new gamete primordia in early autumn.
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Baković, Najla, Ferry Siemensma, Sanja Puljas, et al. "First data on testate amoebae associated with the endemic cave bivalve Congeria jalzici Morton & Bilandžija, 2013 with a description of Psammonobiotus dinarica sp. nov." Subterranean Biology 45 (February 21, 2023): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.45.97105.
Full textAbstract:
Testate amoebae are phylogenetically a very diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms. They can be found in marine and freshwater habitats and in soil. Some of these single-celled organisms inhabit both surface and cave habitats, but their diversity in caves has barely been explored. Recent studies in the Dinaric region imply that testate amoebae in caves show a high diversity. The aim of this study was to identify the alpha diversity of testate amoebae in the Lika region (Dinaric karst, Croatia) and to compare the habitats of different caves based on testate amoebae assemblages. In eight caves we found more than 40 testate amoebae taxa, including a new testate amoeba species, Psammonobiotus dinaricasp. nov. The greatest diversity of testate amoebae was found in Markov ponor (27 taxa). The Bray-Curtis Similarity Index showed that testate amoebae assemblages in caves inhabited by the endemic and endangered cave bivalve Congeria jalzici (Markov ponor, Dankov ponor and Dražice ponor) differ from caves not inhabited by this species. This differentiation is attributed to the impact of the sinking Lika river, which occasionally completely submerges these caves, creating specific habitats for eukaryotic microorganisms. This study contributes to our understanding of the diversity, biogeography and ecology of testate amoebae in caves, as well as providing further insight into the conditions that sustain populations of C. jalzici.
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KITAMURA, AKIHISA, MAYUMI HIRAMOTO, TOMOKI KASE, NAGISA YAMAMOTO, MARIKO AMEMIYA, and SHUICHI OHASHI. "Changes in cavernicolous bivalve assemblages and environments within a submarine cave in the Okinawa Islands during the last 5,000 years." Paleontological Research 11, no. 2 (2007): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2517/1342-8144(2007)11[163:cicbaa]2.0.co;2.
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Kawung, Nikita Ribka, I. Wayan Sandi Adnyana, and I. Gede Hendrawan. "ANALISIS KELIMPAHAN MIKROPLASTIK PADA BIVALVIA DI PERAIRAN TUMINTING DAN MALALAYANG KOTA MANADO." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 16, no. 2 (2022): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2022.v16.i02.p09.
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Microplastic as a marine debris is currently become a global problem. Tuminting and Malalayang coasts as the study case in this research because these places were located in the high population and anthropogenic activity areas, that allowing the microplastic pollution. The goal of this research are to identify the types of microplastic, to analyze the abundance of microplastic and to evaluate the differences accumulation of microplastic in bivalve from Tuminting and Malalayang, Manado. This research is used a purposive sampling method. The analysis of microplastic in bivalves following C. M. Boerger et al. (2010) methods. The average of microplastic for the three species of bivalve in Tuminting for Cardidae sp. Was 5.75 particles/g, Venridae sp. 17.05 particles/g and Mytilidae sp. 130.06 particles/g, while in the three species of bivalve in Malalayang for Cardidae sp. 50.87 particles/g, Venridae sp. 9.56 particles/g and Mytilidae sp. 6.93 particles/g. Based on Kruskal Wallis analysis for bivalve of Tuminting is 0.087; Malalayang 0.616. The bivalve morphometric correlation test using Spearman Rank analysis showed a result 0.05 for Tuminting and 0.187 for Malalayang. The microplastics types that found in bivalve are fragments, films, fibers, foam, pellets, granules and the highest one is fiber. In this study, abundance of microplastic in bivalve from Tuminting also Malalayang waters, were found so it was necessary to disseminate this information to the public about the dangers of plastic. There must be a government regulations regarding the coastal area management related to garbage waste and have to make another research about the identification of the chemical that containing in microplastic in bivalves.
 Keywords: marine debris; microplastics; bivalve; manado
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Magalhães, Fernanda Caroline, Poliana Bellei, Inês Flores-Colen, and Eduarda Marques da Costa. "Blue Circular Economy—Reuse and Valorization of Bivalve Shells: The Case of Algarve, Portugal." Recycling 9, no. 2 (2024): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling9020027.
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The Circular Economy emerges as an alternative to reinvent the linear production model (take–make–waste), focusing on reintegrating waste into the production cycle, and aiming to minimize both environmental disposal and the unrestrained extraction of raw materials. In this context, the concept of Blue Economy arises, an approach centered on preserving and valorizing marine and coastal resources. This article aims to develop a model for the circuit of bivalve shells, emphasizing the transformation of the residues into new products and identifying how these processes affect sociocultural, economic, and environmental dimensions. The methodology involved the surveying of local stakeholders directly involved in bivalve production and consumption to identify the relationship of these stakeholders with the production, marketing, and disposal of bivalves. It is concluded that biowaste has potential, and there is interest among local stakeholders in reusing it, but a lack of knowledge and connection among stakeholders ultimately leads to the devaluation of the product. The circuit of bivalves is necessary to identify value, propose correct collection, and stimulate interest in their reuse, both by other industries and by the aquaculture industry itself. Exploring the potential for reusing bivalves and mitigating their waste, as well as preventing improper disposal, could drive the development of the Blue Circular Economy in coastal regions.
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Tanaviyutpakdee, Pharrunrat, and Weeraya Karnpanit. "Exposure Assessment of Heavy Metals and Microplastic-like Particles from Consumption of Bivalves." Foods 12, no. 16 (2023): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12163018.
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The aim of this study was to determine the contamination of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and microplastic (MP)-like particles in bivalves and estimate the exposure of the Thai population to these contaminants due to bivalve consumption. Clams, mussels and cockles were purchased from five wholesale seafood markets located on the upper Gulf of Thailand during the period 2017–2019. Determinations of Cd and Pb in the bivalves were conducted using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS). Visualization was conducted using a stereomicroscope to investigate the morphology and content of MP-like particles in the bivalve samples. The average Pb contents in clams, mussels and cockles were 112, 64 and 151 µg/kg wet wt., respectively. The average Cd contents were 126, 107 and 457 µg/kg wet wt. for clams, mussels and cockles, respectively. The average number of MP-like particles in bivalve samples varied from not detected to 1.2 items/g wet wt. and not detected to 4.3 items/individual. The exposure to Pb, Cd and MP-like particles due to bivalve consumption varied between 0.005 and 0.29 µg/kg bw/day, 0.017 and 28.9 µg/kg bw/month and 0.015 and 27.5 items/person/day, respectively. There was no potential health risk of exposure to Pb and Cd due to bivalve consumption in any age group. However, a high consumption of cockles with high Cd levels (the worst-case scenario) in children may be of concern.
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Kitamura, Akihisa, Konatsu Kobayashi, Chikako Tamaki, et al. "Evidence of Recent Warming in the Okinawa Region, Subtropical Northwestern Pacific, from an Oxygen Isotope Record of a Cave-Dwelling Marine Micro-Bivalve." Paleontological Research 17, no. 1 (2013): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2517/1342-8144-17.1.58.
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Wilson, Mark A., and Timothy J. Palmer. "The earliest Gastrochaenolites (Early Pennsylvanian, Arkansas, USA): An upper Paleozoic bivalve boring?" Journal of Paleontology 72, no. 4 (1998): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000040464.
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Borings of the ichnogenus Gastrochaenolites have been found in limestone cobbles of the Morrowan (Early Pennsylvanian) Cane Hill Member of the Hale Formation in northwestern Arkansas. They were likely excavated by lithophagid bivalves, thus extending the earliest record of obligate bivalve boring back from the Triassic into the upper Paleozoic. These borings are herein referred to as G. anauchen n. ichnosp. Lithophagid borings may be rare in the upper Paleozoic because of the absence or scarcity of suitable substrates, such as scleractinian corals or carbonate hardgrounds. Additional upper Paleozoic bivalve borings will likely be discovered in other carbonate-rich rocky shore deposits.
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Kaim, Andrzej, and Simon Schneider. "A conch with a collar: early ontogeny of the enigmatic fossil bivalveMyoconcha." Journal of Paleontology 86, no. 4 (2012): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11-092r.1.
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Larval and juvenile growth stages of myoconchid bivalves (family Kalenteridae) are illustrated and described for the first time. Excellently preserved shells ofMyoconcha crassaJ. Sowerby, 1824 from the middle Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) clay/silt deposits of southern Poland reveal that the prodissoconch in this taxon is large (exceeding 350 µm in length) and characterized by a prominent, collar-like structure arising from the demarcation to the dissoconch. Similar prodissoconch morphology has not been described previously in any other bivalve genus. The large size and absence of a prodissoconch II strongly suggest a non-planktotrophic development of the larvae, indicating either simple lecithotrophy or long-term brooding and parental care for the larvae in this species. Consequently, the new discovery constitutes the earliest well-documented record of non-planktotrophic development in the Bivalvia. The shell ofMyoconcha crassais composed of an outer cross-lamellar layer and an inner complex cross-lamellar layer. This composition suggests that the Kalenteridae may be included in the Carditida rather than the Palaeoheterodonta or Anomalodesmata. The genusPseudomyoconchaRossi Ronchetti and Allasinaz, 1966 is rejected herein and considered as a junior synonym ofMyoconchaJ. Sowerby, 1824.
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Vader, Wim, and Anne Helene S. Tandberg. "A survey of amphipods associated with molluscs." Crustaceana 86, no. 7-8 (2013): 1038–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003210.
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This paper reviews the direct associations between amphipods and molluscs. They are basically of two types, one in which the amphipods temporarily shelter under the shell of intertidal snails, the other in which they spend their entire life in the mantle cavity of subtidal bivalves. In the latter category the amphipods often show territorial behaviour and extended parental care. The calliopiid Calliopiella michaelseni Schellenberg, 1925, associated with intertidal Patella spp. in S. Africa, biologically nevertheless belongs to the category of the bivalve associates.
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Yamamoto, N., A. Kitamura, A. Ohmori, Y. Morishima, T. Toyofuku, and S. Ohashi. "Long-term changes in sediment type and cavernicolous bivalve assemblages in Daidokutsu submarine cave, Okinawa Islands: evidence from a new core extending over the past 7,000 years." Coral Reefs 28, no. 4 (2009): 967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0536-2.
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Suárez-Mozo, Nancy Yolimar, Victor Manuel Vidal-Martínez, M. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo, Daniel Pech, Edlin Guerra-Castro, and Nuno Simões. "Bivalve Diversity on the Continental Shelf and Deep Sea of the Perdido Fold Belt, Northwest Gulf of Mexico, Mexico." Diversity 13, no. 4 (2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13040166.
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Mollusk diversity in coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) has been studied extensively, but this is not the case for deep-water habitats. We present the first quantitative characterization of mollusks in shallow and deep waters of the Perdido Fold Belt. The data came from two research cruises completed in 2017. Sediment samples were collected from 56 sites using a 0.25-m2 box corer. We tested hypotheses about spatial patterns of α, β, and γ-diversity of bivalves in two water-depth zones, the continental shelf (43–200 m) and bathyal zone (375–3563 m). A total of 301 bivalves belonging to 39 species were identified. The two zones display similar levels of γ-diversity, but host different bivalve assemblages. In general, α-diversity was higher on the continental shelf, whereas β-diversity was higher in the bathyal zone. These patterns can be explained by the higher input of carbon (energy) to the near-coast shelf zone, as well as by the greater topographic complexity of habitats in the bathyal zone. These results enabled us to propose redirection of sampling efforts for environmental characterization from continental zones to the deep-water zone, especially in the context of environmental assessments during oil and gas exploration and production.
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Gerasimova, A. V., N. V. Maximovich, and N. A. Filippova. "Models of the bed structure dynamics of mass marine bivalves of the White Sea." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 327, no. 1 (2023): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.1.75.
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The present paper is a synthesis of all the results of long-term (for almost 35 years) observations of beds of nine widespread bivalve species, carried out at the Marine Biological Station of St. Petersburg State University in the White Sea (Chupa Inlet mouth, Kandalaksha Bay). The purpose of the investigations is to identify the patterns of the spatial-temporal organization of bivalve beds. As a result, a generalized analysis of the reasons for the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the bed structure of widespread long-lived bivalve species in an undisturbed environment is presented, and attempts are made to develop models of the dynamics of the age structure of bivalve beds in the White Sea. An integrated approach to identifying the patterns in the organization of bivalve beds: the study of changes in the size-age structure of beds as a reflection of the recruitment, growth and mortality features, made it possible to identify intraspecific relationships as determining long-term trends in the structure changes of mollusk beds in the White Sea. Studies have shown that long-term stability of size-age structure is not a typical feature of the bivalve beds in the White Sea, and substantial fluctuations in their structure take place even under relatively undisturbed environmental conditions. The main reasons for the fluctuations of the bed structure appear to be connected to inter-annual variation in recruitment rates. These variations are mainly caused by the intensity of mollusks intraspecific interactions, and by the conditions of mollusk survival in the early stages of the life cycle. As a result of interannual fluctuations in the bed bivalve recruitment rates, specimens of only 1 or 2 generations dominated for several years. A periodic change of the dominant generations could be considered as a recurrence in the bed development. However, the recurrence of the bed structure dynamics can be easily disrupted under unfavorable conditions for the mollusk survival in the early stages of the life cycle. The bivalve stationary beds in the White Sea are likely the exception from the general rule. They can be formed in case of a relatively stable level of annual recruitment with a decrease in intensity of intraspecific competition. The latter in the White Sea beds of Bivalvia was observed either when the ecological needs of individuals of different ages were differentiated, or in the case of a relatively poor bed density.
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Squires, Richard L., and Michael P. Gring. "Late Eocene chemosynthetic? bivalves from suspect cold seeps, Wagonwheel Mountain, central California." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 1 (1996): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000023118.
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An anomalous pair of small, isolated calcareous sandstone bodies in the middle member of the upper Eocene Wagonwheel Formation, Wagonwheel Mountain, of the San Joaquin Valley, California, contain numerous articulated specimens of soft-bottom-dwelling bivalves. The lucinid bivalve Epilucina washingtoniana (Clark, 1925) dominates the fauna, which also sparingly contains the thyasirid bivalve Conchocele bisecta (Conrad, 1849) and the vesicomyid bivalve Vesicomya (Vesicomya) aff. V. (V.) tschudi Olsson, 1931.The fossils in the pair of calcareous sandstone bodies, which are surrounded by deep-water silty mudstone barren of megafossils, most likely represent cold-seep communities in the upper bathyal environment. These cold seeps apparently were formed by diffusive flow through coarse sand-fill material in submarine channels.Epilucina washingtoniana was previously known only from upper Eocene rocks on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, and in Santa Barbara County, southern California. This species, along with a late Eocene species from Colombia, South America, are the earliest representatives of Epilucina. The Wagonwheel Formation contains one of the earliest records of Conchocele bisecta, which is a widespread Cenozoic fossil and is extant in the north Pacific. The species of Vesicomya in the Wagonwheel Formation is the earliest record of Vesicomya s.s. and has close affinity to Vescicomya (Vesicomya) tschudi Olsson, 1931, from the upper Oligocene of northwestern Peru, South America. As in the case of Conchocele bisecta, Vesicomya s.s. has not been reported previously from the Eocene of California.
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Whittle, Rowan J., Fernanda Quaglio, J. Alistair Crame, and Katrin Linse. "Nuculidae (Bivalvia) in the Cape Melville Formation, King George Island, Antarctica, with an overview of the bivalve fauna." Antarctic Science 24, no. 6 (2012): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102012000454.
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AbstractNuculid bivalves of the Cape Melville Formation (Early Miocene, King George Island) are reviewed. Ten bivalve taxa are listed from the formation in the families Nuculidae (two species), Sareptidae, Malletiidae, Limopsidae (two species), Limidae, Pectinidae, Hiatellidae, and Periplomatidae. The Nuculidae consist of two species of Leionucula Quenstedt, 1930. One of these, L. melvilleana n. sp., is described and the other consists of the two species named previously by Anelli et al. (2006), which are demonstrated to be synonymous and are assigned to the species Leionucula frigida (Anelli, Rocha-Campos, Santos, Perinotto & Quaglio 2006). This assemblage, dominated by protobranchs (89% of specimens), is a typical fauna of offshore soft substrates, with a few specimens transported from hard substrates nearby. The diversity of Nuculidae has decreased in the Antarctic region through the Cenozoic.
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Guimarães Simões, Marcello, Antonio Carlos Marques, Luiz Henrique Cruz de Mello, and Renato Pirani Ghilardi. "The role of taphonomy in cladistic analysis: A case study in Permian bivalves." Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 15, no. 2 (2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.15.2.22140.
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The Megadesmidae (Bivalvia, Anomalodesmata) fossil record was examined in order to assess the role of taphonomy in cladistic analysis. Megadesmids are thick-shelled, infaunal, suspension-feeding bivalves. Our data indicate that their fossil record seems biased in favor of thick-shelled, shallow-burrowing genera and/or deepburrowing forms. Consequently, there is a relation between the mode of life (shallow versus deep) and the resolution and quality of the fossil record. Deep-burrowers (Vacunella) are often preserved in life position offering a more accurate (temporal and spatial) fossil record, adequate for paleoecological inferences, while shallow-burrower shells (Plesiocyprinella), that are more prone to post-mortem transport and temporal mixing, offer a record with poor spatial and temporal resolution. The identification of homoplasy among infauna! bivalves constitutes a major challenge for their cladistic analysis. Within Megadesmidae intrinsic (bauplan limitations) and extrinsic (better preservational potential) factors favor the occurrence and preservation of homoplasy among the deep-burrowers. The implications are: a) clustering of deep-burrowing bivalves (Vacunella, Roxoa) due to parallel homoplasies, forming "adaptive", not necessarily "evolutive" taxa, and b) lower consistency indices in their cladistic analysis.
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Gómez, Juan, Victor Unnone, and Paul Harnik. "Life Histories Vary with Primary Productivity in the Northern Gulf of Mexico." Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 60, no. 2 (2023): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.ytxn5341.
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Human activities have increased nutrient delivery to aquatic ecosystems around the world, spurring primary productivity, and leading to the establishment and expansion of oxygen-limited “dead zones.” How will marine animals respond to these changing conditions? To address that question, we take a space-for-time approach and compare the traits of different marine invertebrates along a primary productivity gradient in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Previous studies have found that life history traits can be sensitive to prevailing environmental conditions. Using Holocene death assemblages collected from -20 meters offshore Alabama and Florida, we test the hypothesis that bivalve egg size, and bryozoan reproductive mode, vary with primary productivity. Based on previous studies, we expect populations in areas with an abundance of food to exhibit the following characteristics: 1) cupuladriid bryozoans will exhibit greater frequencies of clonal to aclonal reproduction; and 2) bivalves will produce smaller eggs due to greater juvenile survivorship and fecundity selection. We found that Discoporella depressa colonies show low frequencies of clonal reproduction overall, but that percent clonality was greater in coastal Alabama than Florida. Cupuladria colonies showed higher proportions of clonal reproduction, whereas Reussirella doma colonies exhibited exclusively aclonal reproduction. Egg size is positively correlated with the earliest stage of larval shell growth (PI size) in marine bivalves. Nucula proxima larval shell size varied inversely with primary productivity; larval shells were larger in Florida than Alabama. Preliminary live-dead results in both regions show limited evidence of change over time, in contrast with previous analyses of other bivalve species in the region. These space-for-time case studies highlight ways in which benthic marine invertebrates may respond to future anthropogenic driven changes in primary production in the coastal ocean.
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Latuihamallo, Aneke. "KOMPOSISI JENIS DAN KEPADATAN BIVALVIA DIPERAIRAN PANTAI DUSUN TANJUNG METIELLA NEGERI LIANG KECAMATAN SALAHUTU." BIOPENDIX: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan 4, no. 1 (2017): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/biopendixvol4issue1page17-21.
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Background: Ecologically, marine waters are divided into several zones, one of which is intertidal waters, where various types have adapted well to habitat conditions in various zones and types of ecosystems. The existence of bivalves plays an important role in the lives of fish and other biota that are bound to one food chain.
 Method: This research is a descriptive research that is to express descriptive information about bivalves in the waters of Metiella Cape. This study uses data collection techniques using the line transect method where each observation transect is drawn by a rope perpendicular to the coastline of 5 transects with a distance between each transect of 20 meters. As long as the transect is made of sample plots or quadrants with an area of 1 m X 1 m with a distance between each of the 5 meter quadrants, observation of the type of bivalvia is carried out in each quadrant.
 Results: The composition of Bivalvia found in Metiella Cape waters is 282 individuals classified in 2 sub-orders, 5 super families, 5 families, 7 genera, 8 species, namely: Pinna muricatta, Trachycardium rugosum, Fragum unedo, Mactra violacea, Tellina spengleri, Tellina timorensis, Gafrarium tumidum, Meretrix linnaeus.
 Conclusion: In the waters of Metiella Cape, 8 types of Bivalvia were found, namely: Fragum unedo, Trachycardium rugosum, Mactra violacea, Tellina spengleri, Tellina timorensis, Pinna muricata, Gafrarium tumidum and Meretrix linnaeus. The highest density value is found in transect II with a density value of 5.8 ind / m2 found in the type of Fredoum unedo and the lowest density value found on transect III with a density value of 0.2ind / m2 found in Mactra violacea.
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Yoshino, Kenji, Toshiya Katano, Yuichi Hayami, Takaharu Hamada, and Genta Kobayashi. "Morphological variation of pallial organs at sites of differing turbidity: a case study of an arcid bivalve." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 4 (2012): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412000185.
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We investigated morphological differences in specimens of the arcid bivalve Scapharca kagoshimensis collected from two sites differing in turbidity in the inner part of Ariake Bay. First, we confirmed if the specimens collected from the two sites were the same species by comparing the sequences of their nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) and cytchrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), since the closely related species S. inequivalvis could be distributed in one site. The results of DNA analyses showed that specimens from both sites belonged to the same species. Shell morphology, gill and posterior adductor muscle size did not differ between the two populations. However, the size of the labial palp was significantly larger in bivalves living in an area of high turbidity compared with those living in an area with low turbidity. This difference could not simply be attributed to differences in meat content because the total weight of the soft body parts did not differ between the two populations. The labial palp is an organ functioning in preingestive particle selection. Hence, the large palps would presumably be a response to high turbidity conditions in which the need for particle processes increases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating palp size flexibility in arcid bivalves, and such flexibility could be a factor enabling S. kagoshimensis to successfully exploit a wide area of shallow water in the inner part of Ariake Bay.
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Piwoni-Piórewicz, Anna, Stanislav Strekopytov, Emma Humphreys-Williams, and Piotr Kukliński. "The patterns of elemental concentration (Ca, Na, Sr, Mg, Mn, Ba, Cu, Pb, V, Y, U and Cd) in shells of invertebrates representing different CaCO<sub>3</sub> polymorphs: a case study from the brackish Gulf of Gdańsk (the Baltic Sea)." Biogeosciences 18, no. 2 (2021): 707–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-707-2021.
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Abstract. The shells of calcitic arthropod Amphibalanus improvisus; aragonitic bivalves Cerastoderma glaucum, Limecola balthica, and Mya arenaria; and bimineralic bivalve Mytilus trossulus were collected in the brackish waters of the southern Baltic Sea in order to study patterns of bulk elemental concentration (Ca, Na, Sr, Mg, Ba, Mn, Cu, Pb, V, Y, U and Cd) in shells composed of different crystal lattices (calcite and aragonite). The factors controlling the elemental composition of shells are discussed in the context of crystal lattice properties, size classes of organisms and potential environmental differences between locations. Clams that precipitate fully aragonitic shells have a clear predominance of Sr over Mg in shells, contrary to predominant accumulation of Mg over Sr in calcitic shells of barnacles. However, the barnacle calcite shell contains higher Sr concentration than bivalve aragonite. The elemental variability between size-grouped shells is different for each studied species, and the elemental concentrations tend to be lower in the large size classes compared to the smaller size classes. Biological differences between and within species, such as growth rate, feeding strategy (including feeding rate and assimilation efficiency or composition) and contribution of organic material, seem to be important factors determining the elemental accumulation in shells. Because specimens used in this study were obtained from different sampling sites within the gulf, the impact of location-specific environmental factors, such as sediment type, cannot be excluded.
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Blanco, Arévalo, Correa, and Moroño. "Lipophilic Toxins in Galicia (NW Spain) between 2014 and 2017: Incidence on the Main Molluscan Species and Analysis of the Monitoring Efficiency." Toxins 11, no. 10 (2019): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11100612.
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Galicia is an area with a strong mussel aquaculture industry in addition to other important bivalve mollusc fisheries. Between 2014 and 2017, 18,862 samples were analyzed for EU regulated marine lipophilic toxins. Okadaic acid (OA) was the most prevalent toxin and the only single toxin that produced harvesting closures. Toxin concentrations in raft mussels were generally higher than those recorded in other bivalves, justifying the use of this species as an indicator. The Rías of Pontevedra and Muros were the ones most affected by OA and DTX2 and the Ría of Ares by YTXs. In general, the outer areas of the Rías were more affected by OA and DTX2 than the inner ones. The OA level reached a maximum in spring, while DTX2 was almost entirely restricted to the fall–winter season. YTXs peaked in August–September. The toxins of the OA group were nearly completely esterified in all the bivalves studied except mussels and queen scallops. Risk of intoxication with the current monitoring system is low. In less than 2% of cases did the first detection of OA in an area exceed the regulatory limit. In no case, could any effect on humans be expected. The apparent intoxication and depuration rates were similar and directly related, suggesting that the rates are regulated mainly by oceanographic characteristics.
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Zhang, Yang, Hongxing Liu, Yongbo Bao, and Zhilan Peng. "The Structure Analysis and mRNA Expression of CaV2 Gene Responding to Hypoxia Stress in Anadara granosa." Fishes 9, no. 10 (2024): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes9100409.
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The blood clam (Anadara granosa) is an economic bivalve that is relatively tolerant to hypoxia, but its molecular mechanism of hypoxia tolerance is unclear. We found that a significant decrease in extracellular Ca2+ concentration and a marked increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration was observed in the blood clam through the fluorescence probe method, under hypoxic conditions at 0.5 mg/L. Concomitantly, there was a downward trend in the expression level of CaV2 mRNA, whereas NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) expression increased by qRT-PCR. These findings suggest that the elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration may activate negative transcription factors of NFAT, which subsequently suppresses the transcription of CaV2, leading to its decreased expression. Then, the NFAT RNA interference experiments supported this hypothesis. Sequence analysis and 3D structure prediction revealed conserved and mutated residue sites in blood clam compared to other bivalves. Hypoxia-induced changes in intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ concentrations, activating transcription factor NFAT and suppressing CaV2 expression. This study highlights the key roles of CaV2 and NFAT in hypoxia adaptation, paving the way for further exploration of hypoxia tolerance mechanisms in mollusca.
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Benedito, E., L. Figueroa, A. M. Takeda та GI Manetta. "The influence of fish cage culture on δ13C and δ15N of filter-feeding Bivalvia (Mollusca)". Brazilian Journal of Biology 73, № 4 (2013): 743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842013000400009.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Oreochromis niloticus cage culture promoted variations in the δ13C and δ15N in Corbicula fluminea (Mollusca; Bivalvia) and in the sediment of an aquatic food web. Samples were taken before and after net cage installation in the Rosana Reservoir (Paranapanema River, PR-SP). Samples of specimens of the bivalve filterer C. fluminea and samples of sediment were collected using a modified Petersen grab. All samples were dried in an oven (60 °C) for 72 hours, macerated to obtain homogenous fine powders and sent for carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic value analysis in a mass spectrometer. There were significant differences in the δ13C and δ15N values of the invertebrate C. fluminea between the beginning and the end of the experiment. There were no differences between the δ13C and δ15N values of sediment. These results indicate that the installation of fish cage culture promoted impacts in the isotopic composition of the aquatic food web organisms, which could exert influence over the native species and the ecosystem.
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Simone, Luiz Ricardo L. "Comparative morphology among representatives of main taxa of Scaphopoda and basal protobranch Bivalvia (Mollusca)." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 49, no. 32 (2009): 405–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0031-10492009003200001.
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This study deals with detailed morphology and anatomy of 4 species of Scaphopoda and 5 species of protobranch Bivalvia. Both classes are traditionally grouped in the taxon Diasoma, which has been questioned by different methodologies, such as molecular and developmental. This study is developed under a phylogenetic methodology with the main concern in performing it in an intelligible and testable methodology. The analyzed Scaphopoda species came from the Brazilian coast and belong to the family Dentaliidae [(1) Coccodentalium carduus; (2) Paradentalium disparile] and Gadiliidae; [(3) Polyschides noronhensis, n. sp. from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago; (4) Gadila braziliensis]. These species represent the main branches of the class Scaphopoda. From protobranch bivalves, representatives of the families Solemyidae [(5) Solemya occidentalis, from Florida; S. notialis, n. sp. from S.E. Brazil], Nuculanidae [(6) Propeleda carpentieri from Florida], and Nuculidae [(7) Ennucula puelcha, from south Brazil] are included. These species represent the main branches of the basal Bivalvia. The descriptions on the anatomy of S. occidentalis and of P. carpentieri are published elsewhere. The remaining are included here, for which a complete taxonomical treatment is performed. Beyond these species, representatives of other taxa are operationally included as part of the ingroup (indices are then shared with them), as a procedure to test the morphological monophyly of Diasoma. These taxa are: two lamellibranch bivalves [(8) Barbatia - Arcidae; (9) Serratina - Tellinidae; both published elsewhere;, and Propilidium (10) Patellogastropoda, and (11) Nautilus, basal Cephalopoda, based on basal taxa. The effective outgroups are (12) Neopilina (Monoplacophora) and (13) Hanleya (Polyplacophora). The phylogenetic analysis based on morphology revealed that the taxon Diasoma is supported by 14 synapomorphies, and is separated from Cyrtosoma (Gastropoda + Cephalopoda). Although they are not the main goal of this paper, the taxa Scaphopoda and Bivalvia are supported by 8 and by 7 synapomorphies respectively. The taxon Protobranchia resulted paraphyletic. Both scaphopod orders resulted monophyletic. The obtained cladogram is: ((((Coccodentalium carduus - Paradentalium disparile) (Polyschides noronhensis - Gadila brasiliensis)) ((Solemya occidentalis - S. notialis) (Propeleda carpenteri (Ennucula puelcha (Barbatia cancellaria - Serratina capsoides))))) (Propilidium curumim - Nautilus pompilius - Lolliguncula brevis)).
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Huntley, John, and Daniele Scarponi. "Parasite Dynamics: One Pattern and Multiple Possible Causes." Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 60, no. 2 (2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.dzfe6064.
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How is parasitism likely to respond to anthropogenic global change? Digenean trematode prevalence among bivalve mollusk hosts in multiple coastal environments has been linked to sea-level rise on centennial and millennial time scales. Previous efforts have ruled out the influence of changing diversity, community structure, taphonomy, and salinity (fossil-based proxy) on this pattern but, until recently, we have not been able to address the role of other abiotic environmental factors. Here we present the results of stable isotope analyses (δ18O and δ13C) of the shallow marine bivalve Chamelea gallina from the Holocene and modern northern Adriatic (Italy) and trace element analysis of the estuarine bivalves Potamocorbula amurensis and Corbicula formosana from the Holocene Pearl River (China) delta using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Generalized Linear Models (GLM) of 1,297 δ18O and δ13C analyses from 57 C. gallina valves derived from 11 modern death assemblages and four Holocene core samples reveal that elevated trematode prevalence is associated with relatively negative δ18O values, relatively positive δ13C values, and a high correlation between δ18O and δ13C values. We interpret this to mean that trematode prevalence is higher during warm temperatures with minimal freshwater influence. GLMs of 3,295 LA-ICP-MS spot analyses on 48 valves from the two estuarine species (a separate GLM for each taxon), derived from 12 cored samples from Pearl River deposits, reveal a strong association between trematode prevalence and elevated Ba/Ca ratios and low species richness, which we interpret as high parasitic infestation of an oligotypic community in hypoxia-dominated environments. Taken together, the results suggest that parasitic patterns are linked to sea-level rise and geochemical insights point toward case-specific causal factors that are going to be more widespread due to anthropogenic climate change.
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Balashov, Igor. "The first records of mollusks from mid-Cretaceous Hkamti amber (Myanmar), with the description of a land snail, Euthema myanmarica n. sp. (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoroidea, Diplommatinidae)." Journal of Paleontology 95, no. 5 (2021): 994–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2021.26.
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AbstractFive land snails and the borings of marine bivalves are reported from Hkamti (Khamti) amber whose age was recently uranium-lead dated to be ca. 110 Ma, in contrast to the nearby Kachin (‘Burmese’) amber considered to be ca. 99 Ma. Four of the snails belong to Cyclophoridae, and although their condition does not allow unambiguous identification or description of the species, one of them strongly resembles Archaeocyclotus plicatula Asato and Hirano in Hirano et al., 2019 from Kachin amber. The fifth snail, Euthema myanmarica n. sp. (Diplommatinidae), is a representative of a genus that was known exclusively from Kachin amber until now. The genus Euthema Yu, Wang, and Pan, 2018 is revised, with a new synonym, Xenostoma Bullis et al., 2020. The recently described ‘Truncatellina dilatatus’ Yu, 2020 from Kachin amber is placed in Euthema. A comparison of the distinguishing characters of the eight Euthema species is provided. The borings of bivalves in Hkamti amber correspond to the ichnospecies Teredolites clavatus Leymerie, 1842, associated with the bivalve genus Martesia Sowerby, 1824 (Pholadidae), and are common in Kachin amber. Similarity of the malacofauna from Hkamti and Kachin ambers, as well as the presence of numerous, similar Teredolites clavatus, indicates that these ambers were formed in very similar paleoenvironments. This indication suggests that forests with very similar conditions existed throughout the entire Albian to the early Cenomanian, or that the dating of at least one of these amber deposits is incorrect. In the latter case, it would mean that Kachin amber is at least 110 Ma or older.UUID: http://zoobank.org/142f10a2-307f-4053-9b29-8aa18db66219
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Cheney, Daniel, Richard Langan, Kevin Heasman, Bernard Friedman, and Jonathan Davis. "Shellfish Culture in the Open Ocean: Lessons Learned for Offshore Expansion." Marine Technology Society Journal 44, no. 3 (2010): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.44.3.6.
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AbstractMarine shellfish or bivalve aquaculture accounts for a large fraction of the total world production of cultured seafood, with production trailing only freshwater fish (mainly carps and similar species) and aquatic plants. However, growth of nearshore bivalve aquaculture is increasingly constrained by space, economics, human health, and environmental concerns. Offshore or open ocean waters offer a tremendous potential for expansion of the shellfish farming. Developments to date indicate that it is feasible to install, to maintain, and to operate bivalve culture systems in high-energy offshore waters with production rates often equaling or exceeding nearshore environments. Although production to date is limited and a number of technical, operational, economic, and social challenges must be addressed, a number of small to large-scale bivalve culture systems are in development or production. This article reviews the current production of bivalve shellfish, describes characteristics through case examples of offshore shellfish culture system, and assesses the future potential of this farming method.
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De Kock, K. N., and C. T. Wolmarans. "Distribution and habitats of Unio caffer Krauss, 1848 (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae) in South Africa based on the records in the database of the National Freshwater Snail Collection." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 29, no. 4 (2010): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v29i4.21.
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The distribution of the Unionoida is almost cosmopolitan and reaches its greatest diversity in North America with 860 currently recognized valid species. Two genera of the family Unionidae, Unio and Coelatura, comprising four species, occur in South Africa. This article focuses on the distribution and habitats of Unio caffer Krauss, 1848 based on the records in the database of the National Freshwater Snail Collection (NFSC) of South Africa. This bivalve is considered to be endemic to South Africa and although it was sporadically reported from elsewhere in South Africa, the Western Cape is the only province from which no samples are on record in the database of the NFSC. The majority of the 58 samples on record was recovered from rivers (32.8%) and dams (20.7%) and from water conditions described as perennial, clear and fresh and 22 of the samples were collected in water bodies with a predominantly sandy substratum. A temperature index calculated for this species ranked it in fi fth position of the 12 bivalve species represented in the database on account of its association with low climatic temperatures. An integrated decision-tree analysis indicated that temperature, substratum and water bodies per se were the most important factors of those investigated that played a signifi cant role in establishing the geographical distribution of this species in South Africa. Comprehensive surveys for freshwater molluscs conducted by state and local health authorities were discontinued during the eighties of the previous century and the majority of sampling sites have not been revisited since. Therefore hardly any recent data pertaining to the conservation status and species diversity of the mollusc fauna of South Africa are available. However, during relatively recent surveys conducted by the authors at three previously positive sites for U. caffer no specimens of this species could be recovered and it is also reported in literature that its range in the south-western Cape has decreased in recent years. With regard to its conservation status, the above findings seem to suggest that U. caffer should at least be considered as vulnerable – if not endangered – as reported for some related species elsewhere in the world. Although speculative, several reasons are suggested to explain the global phenomenon of decline in freshwater bivalves. These include, amongst others, construction of impoundments, introduction of alien species, wetland drainage and canalization and pollution. However, the unique lifecycle of the Unionoida could also play an important role in this respect due to the fact that their larval stages are obligatory parasites on fish. These bivalves are therefore dependent on fish for their survival and dispersal and without their host fish populations will disappear. To sustain a viable population a water body should therefore be suitable not only for the bivalves themselves but also for their host fi sh. As mentioned earlier, the majority of samples of U. caffer were recovered from dams and rivers, water body types both under pressure of over exploitation and pollution. It is therefore recommended that thorough surveys should be planned and conducted in specific areas which could be selected with the documented geographical distribution in the database of the NFSC as guideline. A comparison of the results of such surveys with the data in the database of the NFSC could make a considerable contribution towards assessing the current conservation status and diversity of the freshwater molluscs of South Africa.
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Pernet, Fabrice, Coralie Lupo, Cédric Bacher, and Richard J. Whittington. "Infectious diseases in oyster aquaculture require a new integrated approach." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1689 (2016): 20150213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0213.
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Emerging diseases pose a recurrent threat to bivalve aquaculture. Recently, massive mortality events in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas associated with the detection of a microvariant of the ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1µVar) have been reported in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Although the spread of disease is often viewed as a governance failure, we suggest that the development of protective measures for bivalve farming is presently held back by the lack of key scientific knowledge. In this paper, we explore the case for an integrated approach to study the management of bivalve disease, using OsHV-1 as a case study. Reconsidering the key issues by incorporating multidisciplinary science could provide a holistic understanding of OsHV-1 and increase the benefit of research to policymakers.
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HILL, A. R. "A BIVALVE CAGE FOR SMALL ARTHROPODS." Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A, General Entomology 30, no. 10-12 (2009): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1955.tb00174.x.
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Strotz, Luke C., Erin E. Saupe, Julien Kimmig, and Bruce S. Lieberman. "Metabolic rates, climate and macroevolution: a case study using Neogene molluscs." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1885 (2018): 20181292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1292.
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Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is posited to be a fundamental control on the structure and dynamics of ecological networks, influencing organism resource use and rates of senescence. Differences in the maintenance energy requirements of individual species therefore potentially predict extinction likelihood. If validated, this would comprise an important link between organismic ecology and macroevolutionary dynamics. To test this hypothesis, the BMRs of organisms within fossil species were determined using body size and temperature data, and considered in the light of species' survival and extinction through time. Our analysis focused on the high-resolution record of Pliocene to recent molluscs (bivalves and gastropods) from the Western Atlantic. Species-specific BMRs were calculated by measuring the size range of specimens from museum collections, determining ocean temperature using the HadCM3 global climate model, and deriving values based on relevant equations. Intriguingly, a statistically significant difference in metabolic rate exists between those bivalve and gastropod taxa that went extinct and those that survived throughout the course of the Neogene. This indicates that there is a scaling up from organismic properties to species survival for these communities. Metabolic rate could therefore represent an important metric for predicting future extinction patterns, with changes in global climate potentially affecting the lifespan of individuals, ultimately leading to the extinction of the species they are contained within. We also find that, at the assemblage level, there are no significant differences in metabolic rates for different time intervals throughout the entire study period. This may suggest that Neogene mollusc communities have remained energetically stable, despite many extinctions.
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Stephens, Mark, David Mattey, David D. Gilbertson, and Colin V. Murray-Wallace. "Shell-gathering from mangroves and the seasonality of the Southeast Asian Monsoon using high-resolution stable isotopic analysis of the tropical estuarine bivalve (Geloina erosa) from the Great Cave of Niah, Sarawak: methods and reconnaissance of molluscs of early Holocene and modern times." Journal of Archaeological Science 35, no. 10 (2008): 2686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2008.04.025.
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Hauton, C., J. M. Hall-Spencer, and P. G. Moore. "An experimental study of the ecological impacts of hydraulic bivalve dredging on maerl." ICES Journal of Marine Science 60, no. 2 (2003): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-3139(03)00015-8.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA short-term experiment to assess the ecological impact of a hydraulic blade dredge on a maerl community was carried out during November 2001 in the Clyde Sea area on the west coast of Scotland. A fluorescent sediment tracer was used to label dead maerl, which was then spread out on the surface of sediment to act as a proxy for living maerl. The fauna collected by the dredge was dominated by the bivalves Dosinia exoleta and Tapes rhomboides, which were found to be intact. The target razor clams Ensis spp. were caught in low numbers, which reflected the low abundance of this genus within the maerl habitat. The hydraulic dredge removed, dispersed and buried the fluorescent maerl at a rate of 5.2 kg m−2 and suspended a large cloud of sediment into the water column, which settled out and blanketed the seabed to a distance of at least 8 m either side of the dredge track. The likely ecological consequences of hydraulic dredging on maerl grounds are discussed, and a case is made for protecting all maerl grounds from hydraulic dredging and establishing them as reservoirs to allow for the recruitment of commercial bivalve populations at adjacent fished sites.
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Isaeva, Valeria, Valentina Kulikova, and Vladimir Kasyanov. "Bivalve molluscs, Mytilus trossulus and Hiatella arctica, as facultative epibionts of the crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, infested by the rhizocephalan, Sacculina polygenea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 5 (2001): 891–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401004787.
Full textAbstract:
At the period of sexual reproduction of the rhizocephalan parasite, Sacculina polygenea, the sacculinized crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, can serve as a temporary carrier for juvenile bivalve molluscs, Mytilus trossulus and Hiatella arctica as facultative epibionts. Such epizoans are never found on the crabs without the rhizocephalan externae or scars produced by the externae. The correlation between sacculinization and the bivalve epibionts is presumably due to maternal ‘brooding care’ with altering grooming behaviour of the crabs infested by S. polygenea.
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Valentich-Scott, Paul, Charles Griffiths, Jannes Landschoff, Ruiqi Li, and Jingchun Li. "Bivalves of superfamily Galeommatoidea (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from western South Africa, with observations on commensal relationships and habitats." ZooKeys 1207 (July 22, 2024): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1207.124517.
Full textAbstract:
The Galeommatoidea are a diverse but little-studied group of small bivalves, well known for the symbiotic relationships many species have with a range of invertebrate taxa. Four species collected from the Western Cape region of South Africa were examined and illustrated, providing new details on their habitat preferences, and depicting the mantle structure of live specimens for the first time. Brachiomya ducentiunussp. nov., is described herein, and an additional record of Montacuta substriata (Montagu, 1808) is reported from South Africa. Brachiomya ducentiunus and Montacuta substriata have obligate symbiotic relationships with different burrowing echinoids, while Kellia becki (WH Turton, 1932) and Melliteryx mactroides (Hanley, 1857) are free-living. DNA data and phylogenetic analyses are provided for three of the species.
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Valentich-Scott, Paul, Charles Griffiths, Jannes Landschoff, Ruiqi Li, and Jingchun Li. "Bivalves of superfamily Galeommatoidea (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from western South Africa, with observations on commensal relationships and habitats." ZooKeys 1207 (July 22, 2024): 301–23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1207.124517.
Full textAbstract:
The Galeommatoidea are a diverse but little-studied group of small bivalves, well known for the symbiotic relationships many species have with a range of invertebrate taxa. Four species collected from the Western Cape region of South Africa were examined and illustrated, providing new details on their habitat preferences, and depicting the mantle structure of live specimens for the first time. <i>Brachiomya ducentiunus</i> sp. nov., is described herein, and an additional record of <i>Montacuta substriata</i> (Montagu, 1808) is reported from South Africa. <i>Brachiomya ducentiunus</i> and <i>Montacuta substriata</i> have obligate symbiotic relationships with different burrowing echinoids, while <i>Kellia becki</i> (WH Turton, 1932) and <i>Melliteryx mactroides</i> (Hanley, 1857) are free-living. DNA data and phylogenetic analyses are provided for three of the species.
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Beran, Luboš. "Vodní měkkýši bývalého lomu Chabařovice v severních Čechách [Aquatic molluscs of the former quarry Chabařovice in Northern Bohemia (Czech Republic)]." Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 9 (November 16, 2010): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mab2010-9-26.
Full textAbstract:
This paper completes the knowledge of aquatic molluscs of a former coal quarry Chabařovice near Ústí nad Labem in Northern Bohemia. This quarry was opened in 1977 and 20 years later the mining was finished. A part of the coal quarry was flooded and new water reservoir Milada originated in the area of 250 ha with max. depth 24,7 m and this water reservoir is the biggest aquatic habitat in this area. Other four smaller water reservoirs, numerous drainage canals and small wetlands were built and aquatic molluscs of these sites were studied in 2010. Altogether, 16 species of aquatic molluscs (12 gastropods, 4 bivalves) were found at 41 sites. Drainage canals, new brooks and small new wetlands are inhabited by poor aquatic malacofauna which contains often only one or two widespread species – Galba truncatula and Radix auricularia. Bivalve Pisidium casertanum was found only at three sites. Similar situation is in the case of water reservoirs Rabenov and Roudníky. Only artifical water reservoir Milada and smaller water reservoir close to this lake are inhabited by rich aquatic malacofauna containing 14 respectively 6 species. Molluscs were studied also in the past before opening the quarry and the actual malacofauna is richer probably due to the existence of more aquatic habitats. Three non-native species were found and the occurrence of other non native species is expected in the future as well as changes in autochtonous malacofauna.
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Garzia, Matteo, Mauro Doneddu, Salvatore Giacobbe, Daniele Salvi, Egidio Trainito, and Paolo Mariottini. "Molecular and morphological data provide evidence for only one alien species of pearl oyster in the Mediterranean Sea." Scientia Marina 88, no. 2 (2024): e085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05432.085.
Full textAbstract:
Taxonomic identification of alien bivalve species in the Mediterranean Sea can be challenging because of high morphological variability and the occurrence of cryptic species complexes, as in the case of pearl oysters. While the presence of the Lessepsian species Pinctada radiata is well-established in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, the presence of P. fucata was recently suggested based on morphological data. In this study we performed an integrative assessment based on morphological and genetic data on pearl oysters collected across the Mediterranean Basin. Molecular species delimitation and phylogenetic analyses allowed a straightforward taxonomic assignment of all collected specimens to P. radiata. These specimens show the entire suite of morphological character states considered diagnostic of either P. fucata or P. radiata by previous studies. This finding clearly demonstrates that these morphological characters have no taxonomic value, and their variability observed in specimens from the Mediterranean Sea represents (part of) the intraspecific variability of P. radiata. While no evidence has been found for the presence of P. fucata, the earlier occurrences of P. radiata from the eastern and southern Mediterranean Sea are complemented with verified occurrence in the western and northern regions, demonstrating a further spreading of this non-native species throughout the Mediterranean Sea. This study clarifies the taxonomic identification and geographical distribution of pearl oysters in the Mediterranean Sea and substantiates the importance of molecular identification of alien bivalves characterized by extensive variation in shell characters.
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Hatkar, Prachi, Kauresh Vachhrajani, and Sivakumar Kuppusamy. "Marine Benthic Diversity of the Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat: A review." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 15 (2024): 268–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154243.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper reviews and compiles a list of benthic fauna in the Gulf of Kutch (GoK). The literature on the GoK coastal waters was reviewed from 1945 to 2024. The comprehensive literature review for this checklist paper was compiled from research articles, books, field guides and doctoral thesis, and reports from various searches. The scientific names of species were checked after cross-referencing species names with the WoRMS database. The benthic faunal comprises Gastropods, Bivalve, Scphalalopod, Polychaetes, Sipuncula, Echinoderm, Anomuran, Brachyuran, Isopods, Amphipods, Foraminiferans, Porifera, Anthozoan, Sea spiders, Nematodes, Platyhelminthes, Stomatopod from the Gulf of Kutch. The review presents an updated inventory detailed in the case of Gastropods (233 species, 61 families), Bivalves (123 species, 31 families), Five species of Scaphalopod belonging to two families, Placophora (two species, one family), Brachyurans (152 species, 30 families), Malacostrata (seven species, three families) Polychaetes (65 species, 28 families), Sipuncula (three species, two families), Amphipods (46 species, 20 families), Porifera (43 species, 28 families), Prawns and shrimps (45 species 14 families), Isopods (Two species, two families), Echinoderm (39 species, 23 families), two species of Platyhelminths belonging to single family, Cnidarian 13 species, seven families, Anomuran (hermit crab seven species belonging to one family), Sea slug and Nudibranch (46 species, 18 families), Nematodes (four species, four families), Foraminiferans (19 species, seven families). The lack of comprehensive data on the current macrobenthic faunal diversity status underscores the need for further research and expertise in this field.
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Beran, Luboš. "Vodní měkkýši bývalého lomu Chabařovice v severních Čechách [Aquatic molluscs of the former quarry Chabařovice in Northern Bohemia (Czech Republic)]." Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 9 (November 16, 2010): 26–32. https://doi.org/10.5817/MaB2010-9-26.
Full textAbstract:
This paper completes the knowledge of aquatic molluscs of a former coal quarry Chabařovice near Ústí nad Labem in Northern Bohemia. This quarry was opened in 1977 and 20 years later the mining was finished. A part of the coal quarry was flooded and new water reservoir Milada originated in the area of 250 ha with max. depth 24,7 m and this water reservoir is the biggest aquatic habitat in this area. Other four smaller water reservoirs, numerous drainage canals and small wetlands were built and aquatic molluscs of these sites were studied in 2010. Altogether, 16 species of aquatic molluscs (12 gastropods, 4 bivalves) were found at 41 sites. Drainage canals, new brooks and small new wetlands are inhabited by poor aquatic malacofauna which contains often only one or two widespread species – Galba truncatula and Radix auricularia. Bivalve Pisidium casertanum was found only at three sites. Similar situation is in the case of water reservoirs Rabenov and Roudníky. Only artifical water reservoir Milada and smaller water reservoir close to this lake are inhabited by rich aquatic malacofauna containing 14 respectively 6 species. Molluscs were studied also in the past before opening the quarry and the actual malacofauna is richer probably due to the existence of more aquatic habitats. Three non-native species were found and the occurrence of other non native species is expected in the future as well as changes in autochtonous malacofauna.