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Journal articles on the topic 'Cavendish Laboratory (Cambridge, Cambridgeshire)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Hirota, Yoshihito. "University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory." Seikei-Kakou 20, no. 3 (2008): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.20.189.

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Pippard, B. "The Whipple Museum and Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge." Physics in Perspective 1, no. 2 (1999): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000160050017.

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Kim, Dong-Won. "J. J. Thomson and the emergence of the Cavendish School, 1885–1990." British Journal for the History of Science 28, no. 2 (1995): 191–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400032969.

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The history of the Cavendish Laboratory is a fascinating subject to study, not just because this famous centre of experimental physics produced a large number of Nobel Laureates but also because it gives us an insight into the unique milieu of the Cambridge physics community. The evolution of the Cavendish Laboratory, however, was not as smooth as might be expected, and the prestige and reputation of its first directors – James Clerk Maxwell, Lord Rayleigh, Joseph John Thomson and Ernest Rutherford – did not automatically guarantee a rosy future. Like other British physics laboratories in the

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Chaudhri, M. Munawar, and Yong Yee Lim. "Second International Indentation Workshop: Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK." Philosophical Magazine A 82, no. 10 (2002): 1807–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418610210133487.

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Chaudhri, M. Munawar, and Yuji Enomoto. "International indentation workshop: Cavendish laboratory, cambridge, UK 10-12 January 1996." Philosophical Magazine A 74, no. 5 (1996): 1059–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418619608239706.

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Queloz, Didier, and Mejd Alsari. "The Discovery of the First Exoplanet Orbiting a Solar-Type Star." Scientific Video Protocols 1, no. 1 (2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32386/scivpro.000017.

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Didier Queloz is Professor of Physics at the Cavendish Laboratory (University of Cambridge) and Geneva University. He was jointly awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics for “the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star”. In the first part of his conversation with Mejd Alsari he discusses the impact of his 1995 discovery on the theory of planetary systems formation.

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Longair, Malcolm S., and John R. Waldram. "Sir Alfred Brian Pippard. 7 September 1920 — 21 September 2008." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 55 (January 2009): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2009.0014.

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Sir Brian Pippard was a brilliant experimental physicist with a deep understanding of physics and physical processes; he used this understanding to make pioneering contributions to condensed matter physics. He will be particularly remembered as the first experimenter to map a Fermi surface and for his non-local theories of electromagnetic response in normal metals and superconductors, the latter predating the theory of superconductivity of Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer. Most of his career was spent at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, where he held the Cavendish Professorship

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Dowell, J. D., J. A. R. Griffith, and W. F. Vinen. "William Ernest Burcham CBE. 1 August 1913 — 5 November 2008." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 57 (January 2011): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2010.0020.

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William Ernest Burcham, known almost always as Bill, was an experimental nuclear physicist whose research was chiefly concerned with nuclear reactions and with radioactive β-decay. As an undergraduate, research student and postdoctoral student he worked in the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge during the last few years of Lord Rutherford’s life. During World War II he was one of those who pioneered the use of centimetre wavelengths in airborne radar. As a university teacher after the war, first in Cambridge and then in Birmingham, he helped for more than 30 years to re-establish nuclear studie

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Longair, Malcolm S. "John Evan Baldwin. 6 December 1931 — 7 December 2010." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 57 (January 2011): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2011.0011.

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Professor John Baldwin was an experimental astrophysicist of the highest distinction who made many innovative contributions to radio and optical astronomy. He pursued his entire research career as a member, and then head, of the Radio Astronomy Group of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University. His deep understanding and physical intuition for all aspects of interferometry, first at radio and then at optical wavelengths, resulted in a series of ground-breaking telescope systems for astronomy. These led to new approaches to the construction and operation of telescopes in these astronomi

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Chaudhri, M. Munawar, and Yong Yee Lim. "Second international indentation workshop: Cavendish laboratory, university of cambridge, UK 15-20 July 2001." Philosophical Magazine A 82, no. 10 (2002): 1807–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418610208235691.

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Rudy, Ian. "Student Energy Research Forum, report of first workshop, Cambridge Energy Research Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, UK, 31 January 1989." Energy Policy 17, no. 5 (1989): 526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(89)90076-1.

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White, John W., and Ailsa B. White. "The Neutron – The Curie Family's Legacy." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 7 (2011): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11214.

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This article is concerned with the scientific developments that led to the discovery of the neutron by Sir James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge in 1932. The Rutherford atom with a heavy nucleus and the problem of the ‘intra-nuclear’ electrons (needed to reconcile nuclear mass and charge) coupled with Marie Curie's discovery of radium as a prime example of natural radioactivity coming from the nucleus were key milestones. Frédéric Joliot and Irène Curie–Joliot almost discovered the neutron in 1931. But the predisposition of the thinking in Chadwick's laboratory allowed conclusiv

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JARDINE, BORIS. "The museum in the lab: historical practice in the experimental sciences at Cambridge, 1874–1936." BJHS Themes 4 (2019): 245–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjt.2019.6.

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AbstractThis paper explores the hoarding, collecting and occasional display of old apparatus in new laboratories. The first section uses a 1936 exhibition of Cambridge's scientific relics as a jumping-off point to survey the range of historical practices in the various Cambridge laboratories. This panoramic approach is intended to show the variety and complexity of pasts that scientists had used material to conjure in the years prior to the exhibition. Commerce and commemoration emerge as two key themes. The second part turns to the Cavendish Laboratory (experimental physics) to explore the hi

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HINOKAWA, SHIZUE. "A comparative study of cyclotron development at Cambridge and Liverpool in the 1930s." Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 34, no. 1 (2003): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsps.2003.34.1.23.

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ABSTRACT: This article describes the process of cyclotron development in Britain in the 1930s by focusing on the relationships between John D. Cockcroft, James Chadwick, and the Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company, Ltd. There is a difference of about one year in the completion dates of the cyclotrons built by Cockcroft at Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory and by Chadwick at the University of Liverpool. This time discrepancy seems to be a consequence of the differing relationships the two men had with Met-Vick. Analysis of British cyclotron development points to three major change

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Zhukov, Andrei, Jos Buijs, and Detlev Suckau. "Adding function to characterization: Combining mass spectrometry with surface plasmon resonance." Biochemist 24, no. 3 (2002): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02403021.

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Since Sir J.J. Thomson of the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge constructed the first mass spectrometer (then called a parabola spectrograph) at the turn of the last century, mass spectrometry (MS) has become the most ubiquitous analytical technique in use today. It represents a powerful tool in the study of all substances, because it provides more information about the composition and structure of a substance from a smaller amount of sample than any other analytical technique. It is also a powerful quantitative tool. Femtograms (10 15 g) of carcinogenic pesticide residues ca

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Longair, Malcolm, and Michael Cates. "Sir David John Cameron MacKay FRS. 22 April 1967 — 14 April 2016." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 63 (January 2017): 443–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2017.0013.

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David MacKay was a true polymath who made pioneering contributions to information theory, inference and learning algorithms. He was a founder of the modern approach to information theory, combining Bayesian inference with artificial neural network algorithms to allow rational decision making by computer. His major achievements include reliable computation with unreliable hardware, in particular in approaching the Shannon limit using enhancements of Gallager codes. He developed communication systems for the disabled, including the Dasher code which he made freely available. He was the author of

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Opitz, Donald L. "Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick, Country House Science, and Personae for British Women in Science at the turn of the Twentieth Century." European Journal of Life Writing 11 (June 7, 2022): WG13—WG43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/ejlw.11.38784.

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Higher education for women in the fields of science and mathematics significantly expanded in the United Kingdom at the end of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century. A major force in that expansion was Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick (1845–1934), the mathematically talented head of Newnham College, Cambridge, and researcher in experimental physics at the University of Cambridge’s Cavendish Laboratory. In this article I examine Sidgwick’s role in advancing science education for women, focusing on her construction of a scientific persona for British women that drew upon her evangelical

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Downard, Kevin M. "Francis William Aston: The Man Behind the Mass Spectrograph." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 13, no. 3 (2007): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.878.

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Francis William Aston was among the most accomplished physicists of the 20th century. A Nobel laureate and Fellow of the Royal Society, his research career spanned four decades. During this time, he provided experimental proof of the existence of isotopes for many of the chemical elements and recorded their masses using several hand-built mass spectrographs. A rather private man who lived alone in Trinity College for much of his adult life, Aston remains a somewhat elusive and mysterious figure. This biography attempts to shed some more light on the man, including his character and his persona

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Cantor, Geoffrey. "The making of a British theoretical physicist – E. C. Stoner's early career." British Journal for the History of Science 27, no. 3 (1994): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400032180.

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In 1924 Edmund Clifton Stoner (1899–1966), a 24-year-old research student at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, sought a university post in physics. Having previously studied at Cambridge as an undergraduate, Stoner was nearing the end of three years' postgraduate research under Professor Sir Ernest Rutherford's supervision. 1924 was not, however, an auspicious time to seek employment since vacancies in university physics departments were scarce. Rutherford showed a kindly interest in Stoner's career and summoned him to his residence – Newnham Cottage – one Friday afternoon in March. Acknowl

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Pippard, Brian. "Sir Nevill Francis Mott, C. H. 30 September 1905–8 August 1996." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 44 (January 1998): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1998.0021.

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There is a long sequence of photographs in the Cavendish Laboratory showing the research students and staff every year from 1897; the 1902 photograph has J.J. Thomson in the middle, and includes Charles Francis Mott and Lilian Mary Reynolds, who were married in 1904 and whose son was Nevill Francis Mott. Charles was unlucky in his research project, which gave him no encouragement to continue, but he had a successful career, first as senior science master at Giggleswick, and then as Director of Education in the north–west of England, ultimately as Director for Liverpool. Miss Reynolds had been

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Falk, Seb. "The scholar as craftsman: Derek de Solla Price and the reconstruction of a medieval instrument." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 68, no. 2 (2014): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2013.0062.

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The Royal Society Conversaziones were biannual social evenings at which distinguished guests could learn about the latest scientific developments. The Conversazione in May 1952 featured an object that came to be called King Arthur's Table. It was a planetary equatorium, made in Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory at the behest of Sir Lawrence Bragg. Conceived by the historian of science Derek de Solla Price as a huge, tangible realization of Chaucerian astronomy, it was displayed at the new Whipple Museum of the History of Science, discarded, stored incognito, catalogued with that whimsical name,

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Duncumb, P. "Microprobe Design in the 1950’s - Some Examples in Europe." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 544–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600016044.

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The early days of the electron microprobe were characterized by the variety of designs emerging from different laboratories in Europe, the United States and the USSR. Notable amongst these was that of Castaing in 1954, which employed a magnetic lens in combination with an optical microscope for viewing the sample and positioning the electron probe on the desired point for analysis. The X-ray emission was analysed by two high resolution spectrometers having their axes in the same plane as the electron-optical axis, and with their foci accurately set to coincide with the point of impact of the e

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23

Zangwill, Andrew. "Maxwell’s Enduring Legacy: A Scientific History of the Cavendish LaboratoryMaxwell’s Enduring Legacy: A Scientific History of the Cavendish Laboratory, Malcolm Longair, Cambridge U. Press, 2016, 650 p, $69.99, ISBN 978-1-107-08369-1." Physics Today 70, no. 8 (2017): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.3664.

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24

Duck, Francis, and Paul-Éric Langevin. "Paul Langevin: His life and family." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015430.

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2022 marks the 150th Anniversary of the birth of Paul Langevin, the originator of ultrasonics. He was born, lived, and died in Paris. His parents were of modest means. He was a humanist and a rationalist. Scientifically precocious, he was taught by Pierre Curie and spent a year at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. He gained a professorship at the ESPCI eventually becoming Director there. He also was Professor at the Collége de France, where his talent as a teacher gained wide recognition. He married Jeanne Desfosses in1898 and his children were as important to him as his science. They had t

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Holmes, Kenneth C., and Alan Weeds. "Hugh Esmor Huxley MBE. 25 February 1924 — 25 July 2013." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 63 (January 2017): 309–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2016.0011.

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Hugh Esmor Huxley devoted his life to understanding how muscles contract. He was born in Birkenhead and entered Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1941 to study Physics. Joining the RAF in 1943 as an Acting Pilot Officer, he later moved to the Malvern Telecommunications Research Establishment where his pioneering work on developing H 2 S Mk IVA airborne radar over two years to 1947 led to his being elected a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1948 while still an undergraduate. He started X-ray research on living muscle with Sir John Kendrew at the Medical Research Council Unit in the Ca

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Sewell, Michael J. "Rodney Hill. 11 June 1921 — 2 February 2011." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 61 (January 2015): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2014.0024.

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Rodney Hill was born on 11 June 1921 in Leeds, and educated at Leeds Grammar School. He went up to Cambridge University in October 1939, with a Major Scholarship at Pembroke College. He graduated BA with first-class honours in 1942 in the Mathematical Tripos. Volunteering for war work immediately, he worked in full-time government service on ballistics in the Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory, and on the plasticity of metals in the Cavendish Laboratory. In 1943 he moved to the Armament Research Department at Fort Halstead in Kent, for three years. Here he was involved in, for example, the mode

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Hawkes, Peter. "Electron Microscopy and Analysis 1997. Proceedings of the Institute of Physics Electron Microscopy and Analysis Group Conference, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 2-5 September 1997." Journal of Microscopy 191, no. 1 (2002): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2818.1998.0381b.x.

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Martin, A. D., and B. R. Webber. "William James Stirling CBE. 4 February 1953—9 November 2018." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 68 (December 18, 2019): 385–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2019.0031.

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James Stirling's wide-ranging contributions to the development and application of quantum chromodynamics were central in verifying QCD as the correct theory of strong interactions, and in computing precise predictions for all types of collider processes. He published more than 300 papers on a vast range of phenomenological topics, including some of the most highly cited of all time in particle physics. His research, always full of insight, focused on the confrontation of theoretical predictions with experimental results. Amongst many key contributions, he developed the helicity amplitude metho

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Ruffles, Philip Charles. "Stewart Crichton Miller, C.B.E. 2 July 1934 – 7 August 1999." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 48 (January 2002): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2002.0018.

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Stewart Crichton Miller, a mechanical engineer of great distinction, was the former Director of Engineering and Technology for Rolls-Royce plc, where he worked for over 40 years. Stewart was a foremost contributor to several of the company's most important development projects, chief among them being the RB211-535 engine project, which is used on Boeing 757 aircraft. Stewart was born on 2 July 1934 to William and Grace Miller in Kirkcaldy, Fife, where he spent his childhood. His primary school education at Kirkcaldy Fife High Primary School started on 4 September 1939, the day after war was de

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"A reminiscence of the Cavendish Laboratory." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 46, no. 1 (1992): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1992.0012.

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When in 1940 I went up to Cambridge the annus mirabilis of eight years earlier was not merely a green memory, but something with which the current scene had much continuity, and would have had more but for the disruption of the War. Sir W. Lawrence Bragg was the gentle giant presiding over the Cavendish Laboratory, and when in due course I attended his lectures I found them to concentrate on deep understanding of relatively elementary matters, rather then plunging (as those of some other lecturers did) into a less well organized treatment of advanced topics.

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"Niels Bohr Introduces the Quantum into Atomic Physics — In celebration of the 100th anniversary of Niels Bohr's Atomic Model." Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter 02, no. 02 (2013): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251158x13000301.

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Niels Bohr (1885–1962) was born in Copenhagen. He was awarded a fellowship by the Carlsberg foundation on completion of his PhD at the University of Copenhagen in 1911 and, like Rutherford before him, went to study with J.J. Thomson at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. On-going research there was focussed on the spectra of light from atoms, but explanations in terms of Thomson's 'plum pudding' model proved disappointing. The newly-arrived Bohr was outspoken and criticized aspects of Thomson's atomic model. This seems to have alienated the eminent man and 'J.J. politely indicated that it m

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"Reminiscences and discoveries: Recollections of James Chadwick." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 48, no. 1 (1994): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1994.0012.

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I first met Chadwick in the summer of 1933, when I was a visitor to Cambridge. He was then already famous for his discovery of the neutron. But he was the last person to become conceited as a result - his manner was, and always remained, matter-of-fact, if somewhat aloof. In physics he knew what he wanted to do and how to get it done. This is perhaps illustrated by a story which went around in Cambridge at the time. An experiment he was doing required observations late at night when it was quiet. But the gates which gave access to the Cavendish Laboratory were locked at night, so if he stayed

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"James Chadwick and the atomic bomb." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 47, no. 1 (1993): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1993.0007.

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One of the pleasures of the centenary in 1991 of James Chadwick’s birth was the growing interest in him, not only among the people who knew him but also among younger scientists and scholars in the history of 20th-century science; several are planning books and articles. This shows good discrimination within the history of science profession. Of course Chadwick’s name is known to the world of science as that of a marvellous physicist, in particular as the discoverer of the neutron; but in the past it never became as generally familiar nor as publicly honoured as, say, Cockcroft’s. The planning

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Armstrong, Ronald W. "Norman J. Petch and his Contributions to Materials Science." MRS Proceedings 362 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-362-3.

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AbstractNorman Petch was trained in chemistry at Queen Mary College in London, in metallurgy at Sheffield, and in physics at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge. The quantitative nature of his crystallographically-based earliest papers, dealing with the positions of iron and carbon atoms in steel, very probably contributed to the meticulous nature of his follow-on mechanical properties research, initially, into the influence of polycrystal grain size on the plastic yielding and fracturing behavior of iron and steel materials at low temperatures. This work, that was complementary

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Lutz, Nina M., Samuel R. Chamberlain, Ian M. Goodyer, et al. "Behavioral measures of impulsivity and compulsivity in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury." CNS Spectrums, April 23, 2021, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852921000274.

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Abstract Background Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent among adolescents and research is needed to clarify the mechanisms which contribute to the behavior. Here, the authors relate behavioral neurocognitive measures of impulsivity and compulsivity to repetitive and sporadic NSSI in a community sample of adolescents. Methods Computerized laboratory tasks (Affective Go/No-Go, Cambridge Gambling Task, and Probabilistic Reversal Task) were used to evaluate cognitive performance. Participants were adolescents aged 15 to 17 with (n = 50) and without (n = 190) NSSI history, sampled from the

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"John Ashworth Ratcliffe, 12 December 1902 - 25 October 1987." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 34 (December 1988): 669–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1988.0022.

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When Ratcliffe began research in the Cavendish Laboratory in 1924, ‘wireless’, as it was then called, had started its rapid advance to become a major science. The thermionic valve had been coming into use in World War I. The BBC had been formed and broadcasting had started in 1922. The large Post Office transmitter at Rugby, call sign GBR, frequency 16 kHz, was being built in 1923-24. The presence of conducting regions in the upper atmosphere had been surmised from the work of Balfour Stewart on terrestrial magnetism, and the idea of elevated conducting surfaces to explain the propagation of w

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"Vernon Ellis Cosslett, 16 June 1980 - 21 November 1990." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 40 (November 1994): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1994.0029.

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Vernon Ellis Cosslett was born on 16 June 1908 and died on 21 November 1990, after some months of an incapacitating illness. This brought to an end a memorable career in electron microscopy at Cambridge University. During this 42-year period the electron microscope has revolutionized our basic concepts in materials science, chemistry, biology and medicine. Cosslett had contributed to all of these fields personally or through the many gifted research students and colleagues that he was able to attract to the Electron Microscopy Section that he founded in the Cavendish Laboratory in 1946. He had

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"APCP CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS: 2023." APCP Journal Volume 14 14 (December 19, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.59481/197305.

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The translations and cross-cultural adaptation of the Scoliosis Research Society Revised (SRS-22r) into Urdu Ahmed ATR *1,2, Rye C 1,3, Rand S 1, Simmonds JV 1 1.Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London. 2. West London NHS Healthcare Trust. 3. Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust ___________________________ Development of an evidence-based pathway of care for children presenting with Toe-Walking gait to the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital. Christine Douglas *1,2, Jane Simmonds 2, Jonathan Wright 1 1 Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), St

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