Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cavité optique de haute finesse'
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Triki, Meriam. "Cavités optiques de haute finesse pour la mesure de composés à l'état de trace en phase gazeuse." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331642.
Full textD'abord, les notions nécessaires à la compréhension des techniques considérées sont présentées. Suit la description du développement d'un système IBB-CEAS avec une source LED émettant autour de 643 nm, avec application à la détection des oxydes d'azote à l'état de traces. Les résultats obtenus mettent en avant les avantages de cette technique en termes de simplicité, robustesse et de compacité. La limite de détection obtenue pour le radical NO2 est estimée à 1 ppbv pour deux minutes de temps d'acquisition.
Pour la deuxième étude concernant une source laser de type VECSEL émettant à 2.3 μm et pompé optiquement, le résultat principal a été l'obtention d'un balayage monofréquence sur une grande plage spectrale de l'ordre de 16.5 cm-1. Cela a demandé un balayage simultané de la température et de la longueur de la cavité laser. Ensuite, des essais préliminaires on été effectués pour coupler cette source avec la technique OF-CEAS. Ces essais ont révélé un problème de stabilité du comportement monofréquence de la source VECSEL en présence de rétroaction optique.
Enfin, la faisabilité de la technique OF-CEAS avec une source ECDL émettant dans l'infrarouge proche pour le diagnostic des décharges à basse pression a été démontrée. Le coefficient d'absorption minimale obtenu est de l'ordre de 10-9 cm-1 pour un temps d'acquisition court (0.1 s), valeur typique atteinte auparavant dans divers systèmes OF-CEAS. Des essais ont été réalisés avec une décharge en flux d'argon avec des traces de méthane autour de 1 mbar. Le même niveau de bruit a été observé que sans décharge. Cependant, dans la gamme spectrale accessible avec le ECDL disponible, les radicaux de type CHX produits dans ce type de décharge n'ont pas été détectés.
Cantin, Etienne. "Cavité à haute finesse pour la production et la détection de sources atomiques cohérentes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0259/document.
Full textThis thesis reports the development of two original tools for atom interferometry.The first is a high finesse optical cavity for the manipulation of 87Rb cold atoms. This cavity isfirstly used to enhance the intensity of an optical dipole trap. Thus, by realizing an evaporativecooling on the atomic sample, we reached Bose-Einstein condensation. Furthermore, the nondegeneratecavity allows the injection of different transverse electromagnetic modes. In thisway, we have demonstrated the generation and the manipulation of arrays of atomic ensemblesusing these modes. Successive measurements of these atomic ensembles in an atominterferometric sequence would increase the interrogation time and thus the sensitivity of thesensor.Secondly, the use of weak nondestructive measurements on the atoms allows to extractinformation from the system with negligible perturbation of the ensemble. Applying feedbackafter the measurement, we were able to control the quantum state of the system. Using amodified Ramsey sequence with weak nondestructive measurements and phase corrections, werealized a phase lock loop between a local oscillator and the atomic state. We have thendemonstrated that this protocol leads to a stability enhancement of an atomic clock byovercoming the limit set by the local oscillator.We also contributed to the development of the commercial laser platform EYLSA fromQuantel, testing its performances on two laser cooling experiments
Favier, Pierre. "Etude et conception d'une cavité Fabry-Perot de haute finesse pour la source compacte de rayons X ThomX." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS412/document.
Full textInverse Compton Scattering provides a unique way to produce quasi-monochromatic X-rays via the interaction of relativistic electrons with a laser pulse. This process has the advantage of producing very high fluxes of X-rays with energies above a few tens of keV. In addition the output beam divergence is much larger than in classical synchrotron light sources and the X-ray beam is thus easier to manipulate. We present an X-ray source under construction at Paris-Sud University, ThomX. This source uses a 50 MeV electron beam that collides at 16.7 MHz with a few picoseconds pulsed laser beam whose power is enhanced at the state of the art 600 kW average power to produce X-rays between 30 and 50 keV with a flux of 10^{13} ph/s. This energy range as well as the energy-angular dependence coming from the physical process are suitable for societal applications like radiotherapy or art history.A very high finesse optical cavity (> 24000) is used as a prototype to perform R&D for the ThomX source. 400 kW of average laser power have been successfully stored in this cavity, using an input laser beam of only 40 W. This result, unique in the world, is a pathway towards the completion of the low-cost, compact, high flux X-ray source ThomX. This thesis explains the experimental and analytical studies that have been performed to reach this performance, including a generalization of the process of laser pulse stacking to frequency-detuned laser beams, and the methods developped for experimental spatial coupling enhancement
Vanderbruggen, Thomas. "Détection non-destructive pour l'interférométrie atomique et Condensation de Bose-Einstein dans une cavité optique de haute finesse." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702905.
Full textVanderbruggen, Thomas. "Détection non-destructive pour l’interférométrie atomique et Condensation de Bose-Einstein dans une cavité optique de haute finesse." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112067/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study several methods to improve atom interferometers. In the first part of the manuscript, we analyze how a nondestructive detection, that preserves the coherence between the internal degrees of freedom in an atomic ensemble, can be used to increase the sensitivity of interferometers. We first theoretically show how the projection of the wave-function induced by the measurement prepares spin-squeezed states. We then present the implementation of this method with a detection based on the frequency modulation spectroscopy. Finally, some first applications are described, more explicitly we show how to implement a quantum feedback that preserve the atomic state against the decoherence induced by a random collective flip, we also introduce a phase-locked loop where the atomic sample is used as the phase reference. In the second part of the manuscript, we present the all-optical realization of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a high-finesse cavity using a laser system based on standard telecoms technologies. We first describe the resonator and the frequency lock of the laser on the resonance, in particular, we introduce a new stabilization method based of the serrodyne modulation. Finally, we show how the condensate is obtained from the evaporation in the cavity mode
Bernon, Simon. "Piégeage et mesure non-destructive d'atomes froids dans une cavité en anneau de haute finesse." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/62/46/68/PDF/Manuscript_totalV2.pdf.
Full textThis thesis investigates the generation of atomic spin-squeezed states by quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements in a high-finesse optical cavity. Cold atom interferometry has demonstrated state of the art performance for the measurement of tiny rotations, accelerations and time. The sensitivity of atom interferometers has already reached the atomic shot noise level, a limit that could be overcome by the use of non-classical atomic states. In this context, we developed a crossed high-finesse cavity resonating both at 1560 nm and 780 nm. Laser light at 1560 nm injected in the cavity generates a far off resonance optical dipole trap where Rb 87 cold atoms are loaded from a magneto-optical trap. The lifetime of the atoms in this dipole trap is limited by the residual background collisions, indicating that further evaporation process should be effective. The concepts of QND measurement are introduced and a wavefunction formalism that describes the spin-squeezing dynamics of the atomic state is discussed. This formalism is applied to practical measurement apparatus that are the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the heterodyne detection. Experimentally, this non-destructive measurement was implemented at 780 nm in a frequency modulation scheme strongly immune to noise. The influence of this non-demolition probe on the atomic sample has been characterized in single pass and this tool has been applied to follow in real time the state of atomic interferometers. In addition to this work, a narrow linewidth Raman laser suitable for high precision spectroscopy was implemented with cold atoms as the gain medium
Morville, Jérôme. "Injection des cavités optiques de haute finesse par laser à diode : application à la CW-CRDS et à la détection de traces atmosphériques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10092.
Full textThiébaud, Jérôme. "Développement d'un spectromètre à cavité optique de haute finesse couplé à la photolyse laser : mesures spectroscopiques et cinétiques du radical HO2." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Thiebaud.pdf.
Full textMotto-Ros, Vincent. "Cavités de haute finesse pour la spectroscopie d'absorption haute sensibilité et haute précision : Application à l'étude de molécules d'intérêt atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011763.
Full textTout d'abord, la technique CW-CRDS (Continuous Wave – Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopie) est utilisée pour étudier l'évolution avec la pression et la température des spectres atmosphériques de la vapeur d'eau dans le proche infrarouge. Cette étude, destinée à calibrer des mesures d'absorption différentielle par Lidar, entre dans le cadre de la mission WALES (Water Vapour Lidar Experiment in Space) proposée par l'Agence Spatiale Européenne. Une attention particulière est portée pour décrire et caractériser le système expérimental.
Ensuite, la technique OF-CEAS (Optical Feedback Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy) et ses performances pour la spectroscopie sont mises en évidence avec l'étude de la bande B de l'oxygène dans le rouge. Cette technique repose sur un schéma d'injection avec rétroaction optique (de la cavité vers le laser) qui permet d'augmenter la cohérence de son émission pour mesurer les maxima de transmission des modes même avec des cavités de haute finesse. Une configuration nouvelle permettant ces effets est proposée (la cavité Brewster). Une gamme dynamique sur la mesure d'absorption d'environ cinq ordres de grandeurs est démontrée (1e-5 à 1e-10 /cm) ainsi qu'une sensibilité < 1e-10 /cm/Hz^(1/2). Un schéma d'acquisition mode par mode est employé et permet d'exploiter la linéarité du peigne de mode pour atteindre des hautes précisions sur la fréquence. La pertinence de cette approche est mise en évidence par la mesure de « pressure shifts » de l'oxygène obtenus avec une précision absolue record inférieure à 5*1e-5 cm^(-1)/atm.
Cermak, Peter. "Spectroscopie optique de haute sensibilité dans les plasmas et les gazes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564511.
Full textDurand, Mathieu. "Maintien du couplage optique entre une ECDL et une cavité de haute finesse : application à la mesure ultrasensible de biréfringence induite par effet Kerr." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432201.
Full textBernon, Simon. "Piégeage et mesure non-destructive d'atomes froids dans une cavité en anneau de haute finesse." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624195.
Full textCollot, Laurent. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des résonances de galerie de microsphères de silice: pièges à photons pour des expériences d'électrodynamique en cavité." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011895.
Full textAbd, Alrahman Chadi. "Spectroscopie Laser avec des cavités résonantes de haute finesse couplées à un peigne de fréquences : ML-CEAS et vernier effet techniques. Applications à la mesure in situ de molécules réactives dans les domaines UV et visible." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENY095/document.
Full textThe atmospheric chemistry community suffers a lack of fast, reliable and space resolved measurements for a wide set of reactive molecules (e.g. radicals such as OH, NO3, BrO, IO, etc). Due to their high reactivity, these molecules largely control the lifetime and concentration of numerous key atmospheric species, and may have an important impact on the climate. The concentrations of such radicals are extremely low (ppbv or less) and highly variable in time and space, which imposes a real challenge during the detection. In the first part of this thesis, a compact, robust and transportable UV spectrometer is developed, exploiting the Mode-Locked Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (ML-CEAS) technique to measure pptv and sub-pptv levels of atmospherically important reactive molecules, in particular, halogen oxide radicals, to respond to the emerging needs. The ML-CEAS technique is based on coupling a Mode-Locked femtosecond laser to a high finesse optical cavity, which acts as a photon trap to increase the interaction between the light and the intracavity gas sample, which highly enhances the absorption sensitivity. The detection limit obtained for the IO radical is 20 ppqv (part per quadrillion), which is an impressive result. In the second part of this thesis, a new spectroscopic technique is developed, called Vernier effect, which is also based on the interaction between a mode-locked femtosecond laser with a high finesse optical cavity. This technique provides detection sensitivity similar to that of ML-CEAS technique, but the advantage is that the number of the spectral elements is given by the cavity finesse, so it can reach ten thousands, as well as this technique has a simple setup, where the spectrograph is replaced by a photodiode. Additionally, the time required to measure one output absorption spectrum can be less than 1 ms
Abd, alrahman Chadi. "Spectroscopie Laser avec des cavités résonantes de haute finesse couplées à un peigne de fréquences : ML-CEAS et vernier effet techniques. Applications à la mesure in situ de molécules réactives dans les domaines UV et visible." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849145.
Full textCohadon, Pierre-François. "Bruit thermique et effets de la pression de radiation dans une cavité optique de grande finesse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011772.
Full textDebecker, Isabelle. "Développement de dispositifs de Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy rapide pour la caractérisation d'écoulements transitoires et inhomogènes." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112088.
Full textThe development of new optical sensing tools is needed to perform faster and more sensitive analysis of transient reactive flows. Continuous wave Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) offers a great potential to fulfil these requirements. The current devices exhibit high sensitivity, in spite of a relative complexity and limited acquisition rates. The aim of this study is thus to develop a faster and simpler cw-CRDS scheme, in order to use the technique for the metrology of transient flows produced in research or industrial installations (wind tunnels, combustion systems, exhaust ducts). The cw-CRDS design which is proposed is based on the cavity injection during a rapid and continuous tuning of the laser frequency, without any optical switch or averaging procedures of the signals. After simulating the Ring Down events that are obtained during a pass of the laser through resonance, our strategy is validated by recording experimental O2 absorption line profiles near 766. 7 nm. A 1. 1 10-9-cm-1-Hz-1/2 detection limit is obtained. The results of the integration of fast cw-CRDS in hypersonic wind tunnels are also shown. Then, we present a new approach to increase the spectral resolution of fast cw-CRDS and obtain well-defined absorption line profiles at low pressure. The method employs a simultaneous sweep of the laser and the cavity. The obtainable gains are evaluated theoretically and experimentally. Finally, we explore the potential application of fast cw-CRDS to make local measurements and characterize inhomogeneous media
Baudrand-Ouadi, Sylvestre. "Mesure de la polarisation longitudinale de faisceaux de positons et d'électrons à HERA par effet Compton à l'aide d'une cavité Fabry-Perot de haute finesse." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066562.
Full textArcizet, Olivier. "Mesure optique ultrasensible et refroidissement par pression de radiation d'un micro-résonateur mécanique." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175959.
Full textWe present a very sensitive optical measurement of the mechanical vibrations of a micro-mirror inserted in a high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity, made of a low-loss dielectric coating deposited on a sub-millimetric silicon etched resonator. We have measured the thermal noise of the resonator over a wide frequency range and characterized its eigenmodes which have high frequency resonances (1 MHz) and low effective masses (100 µg). With an electrostatic force, we have tested its mechanical response and cooled it with a cold damping technique. We have also demonstrated a new cooling mechanism, induced by radiation pressure in a detuned cavity, and even observed an optomechanical instability at large intracavity power. These cooling mechanisms, combined with passive cryogenic techniques, may lead to the observation of the quantum ground state of the mechanical oscillator. An experimental study of the photothermal effect follows
Hadjar, Yassine. "Etude du couplage optomécanique dans une cavité de grande finesse; observation du mouvement Brownien d'un miroir." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004675.
Full textNous présentons les résultats obtenus dans notre expérience où un faisceau laser est envoyé dans une cavité à une seule entrée-sortie, dont le miroir mobile est déposé sur un résonateur mécanique. Nous avons observé le mouvement Brownien du miroir. Nous avons aussi utilisé un second faisceau modulé en intensité afin d'exciter les modes acoustiques du résonateur. Ceci permet de caractériser la réponse mécanique du résonateur et le couplage entre la lumière et les modes acoustiques. Nous avons enfin démontré l'efficacité de notre dispositif pour la mesure de petits déplacements du miroir. Le plus petit déplacement observable est égale à 2x10^(-19) m/Hz(1/2), en bon accord avec la prédiction théorique.
Fedala, Yasmina. "Etude d'une cavité Fabry Pérot haute finesse à quatre miroirs pour des applications de production de rayons X et gamma par interaction Compton laser-électrons." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112197.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis focuses on the study and design of a high finesse Fabry Perot cavity to amplify a laser beam in order to achieve power gains ranging from 104 to 105. This cavity is dedicated to the production of intense and monochromatic X-ray for medical applications (medical RADIOTHOMX ring) and gamma rays, for Compton based polarized positron source of the "Compact Linear Collider" CLIC, and the "International Linear Collider " ILC, by Compton scattering of a high power laser beam and electron beam. To increase the brightness of the Compton interaction at the collision points, it is essential to have not only a high power laser beam but also very small laser beam radii at the interaction points. To achieve such performances, two scenarii are possible: a concentric two mirrors cavity witch is mechanically unstable or a four mirrors cavity more complex but more stable. We tested numerically mechanical stability and stability of eigen modes polarization of various planar and non-planar geometries of four mirrors cavities. Experimentally, we have developed a four mirrors tetrahedral "bow-tie" cavity; radii of the order of 20 microns were made. The eigen modes of such a cavity, in both planar and non planar geometries, were measured and compared with the numerical results. A good agreement was observed. In a second time, the impact of Compton interaction on the transverse dynamics, in the case of the source of polarized positrons source, and the longitudinal dynamic, in the case of the medical ring of the electron beam was studied. Compton scattering causes energy loss and induces an additional dispersion of energy in electron beam. For the polarized positrons source, ten collision points are planned. The transport line has been determined and modelling of the Compton interaction effect with a simple matrix calculation was made. For the medical ring, Compton scattering causes bunch lengthening and energy dispersion increase which are to influence the produced X-ray flux. A study of the longitudinal dynamics of the electron beam in the ring was presented. The parameters of the ring that optimize the brightness of the Compton interaction were discussed. The X-ray flux that can be achieved with these parameters is about 1E13 photons/s
Fedala, Y. "Étude d'une cavité Fabry Pérot haute finesse à quatre miroirs pour des applications de production de rayons X et gamma par interaction Compton laser-électrons." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343028.
Full textPour augmenter la luminosité de l'interaction Compton aux points de collisions, il est essentiel d'avoir non seulement un faisceau laser de très grande puissance mais il faut aussi que le faisceau soit très focalisé au point d'interaction. Pour atteindre de telles performances, deux cas de figures se présentent : une cavité concentrique mécaniquement instable ou une cavité à quatre miroirs plus complexe mais plus stable. Nous avons testé numériquement la stabilité mécanique et la stabilité de polarisation des modes propres de la configuration non planaire de différentes géométries de cavités à quatre miroirs. Expérimentalement, nous avons développé une cavité à quatre miroirs tétraédrique, des rayons de l'ordre de 20 micromètres ont été obtenus. Les modes propres de cette cavité, dans ses deux géométries planaire et non planaire, ont été mesurés et comparés aux résultats calculés numériquement. Un bon accord a été observé.
Dans un deuxième temps, l'impact de l'interaction Compton sur la dynamique transverse, dans le cas de la source de positrons polarisés, et sur la dynamique longitudinale, dans le cas de l'anneau médical, du faisceau d'électron a été étudié. La diffusion Compton provoque une perte d'énergie et induit une dispersion d'énergie additionnelle du faisceau d'électrons. Dans le cas de la source de positrons polarisés, dix points de collisions sont prévus. La ligne de focalisation a été déterminée et une modélisation de l'effet de l'interaction Compton sur le transport du faisceau, avec un calcul matriciel simple, a été faite. Dans le cas de l'anneau médical, l'interaction Compton provoque l'allongement du paquet d'électrons, qui à son tour influence le flux de rayons-X produit. Une étude de la dynamique longitudinale du faisceau d'électrons dans l'anneau a été présentée. Les paramètres de l'anneau qui permettent d'optimiser la luminosité de l'interaction Compton ont été discutés. Le flux de rayons-X qui peut être atteint avec ces paramètres est de l'ordre de 1E13 photons/s.
Arcizet, Olivier. "Mesure optique ultrasensible et refroidissement par pression de radiation d´un micro-résonateur mécanique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175959.
Full textOn a également mis en évidence un effet d'auto-refroidissement dû à la modification de la dynamique par la pression de radiation dans une cavité désaccordée. On a observé selon le désaccord un refroidissement et un chauffage du résonateur, qui conduit à forte puissance à une instabilité dynamique.
Ces techniques de refroidissement combinées à de la cryogénie passive devraient permettre de refroidir suffisamment le micro-résonateur pour observer son état quantique fondamental.
On présente enfin une étude expérimentale de l'effet photothermique et une mesure des dilatations induites par l'échauffement lié à l'absorption de lumière dans les traitements optiques.
Forget, Sébastien. "Source laser picoseconde à haute cadence dans l'ultraviolet." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004272.
Full textHuet, Vincent. "Étude et réalisation de lignes à retard optique intégrées dans des micro-résonateurs à modes de galerie en verres actifs dopés erbium." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S108/document.
Full textGlass-based whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators are easy to produce by melting techniques. However, they suffer from surface contamination or residual absorption which limits their long term quality factor to only about 108. We show that an optical gain provided by erbium ions can compensate for residual losses. Moreover it is possible to control the coupling regime of an ultrahigh Q-factor microresonator from undercoupling to spectral selective amplification by changing the pumping rate. We demonstrate a critically coupled fluoride glass WGM microresonator with a diameter of 220 μm and a loaded Q-factor of 5,3×109. We also show that by introducing slow-light effects in a monolithic WGM microresonator it is possible to enhance the photon lifetime by several orders of magnitude and circumvent fabrication limitations. We experimentally demonstrate Erbium-doped fluoride glass microresonators with a photon lifetime up to 2,5 ms at room temperature, corresponding to a Q-factor of 3×1012 at 1530 nm, by combining WGM resonance effect and population oscillations
Kuhn, Aurélien. "Optomécanique en cavité cryogénique avec un micro-pilier pour l'observation du régime quantique d'un résonateur mécanique macroscopique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842915.
Full textRasoloniaina, Alphonse. "Études expérimentales de dispositifs intégrés à base de micro-résonateurs à mode de galerie en verres actifs." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01009345.
Full textVerlot, P. "Etude des effets de pression de radiation et des limites quantiques du couplage optomécanique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551033.
Full textDi, Pace Sibilla. "Vers l’observation du bruit quantique de la pression de radiation dans un interféromètre suspendu : l’expérience QuRaG." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4108/document.
Full textThe existence of gravitational waves (GW) is one of the most interesting predictions of the theory of general relativity of Einstein. The experimental discovery of GW would be an important test of the theory itself. In addition, the detection of GW will open a new window of observation especially in those regions of the Universe inaccessible to electromagnetic observations. Interferometers, as Virgo are the most promising devices for the detection of GW. Currently, the sensitivity of these detectors is not yet sufficient to have a detection rate of few events/year. Therefore, an intense experimental program to improve the sensitivity is underway. Specifically, the sensitivity of the next generations of GW detectors, at low frequencies, will be limited by the effect of the radiation pressure (RP) on the suspended mirrors. This phenomenon not yet observed experimentally in the ground based GW detectors band, is currently the subject of a very active research field. My work presented here aims at building a detector for studying quantum effects of RP in GW detectors: the QuRaG experiment. It will consist of a suspended Michelson interferometer where each arm will be a high finesse Fabry-Pérot cavity, in which only the end mirror will be further suspended and then sensitive to the RP noise. During my PhD I have actively participated to the R&D of all QuRaG subsystems. Therefore, the work that I have done deals with various aspects of the project whose related problems belong to different domains of physics. My work described in this manuscript demonstrates that QuRaG is realizable and that it will be able to observe the RP noise in the expected frequency range
Wang, Huan. "Study of an Optical Enhancement Cavity for Thomson Scattering Light Sources." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03179872.
Full textHigh-average-power optical enhancement cavities (OEC), have a wide range of applications including Thomson scattering producing high average flux quasi-monochromatic X/gamma-rays, cavity-enhanced high-order harmonic generation (HHG), gravitational wave interferometers, steady-state microbunching (SSMB) light sources and fusion energy experiments etc. The works of this thesis focus on the theoretical and experimental studies of high-average-power OEC dedicated to Thomson scattering light sources. With the purpose of increasing the average flux of Thomson scattering generated photons, it is demanded for the laser beam inside OEC to have small waist with radius size of few tens of microns, pulse length at the order of picosecond and stable intra-cavity average power of few hundreds of kilowatts. To precisely and effectively describe the highly focused laser field inside OEC to be used in simulations of Thomson scattering, a field expression of nonparaxial corrected highly focused linearly polarized laser field is derived with a generalized Lax series expansion method. To suppress the modal instabilities start to appear apparently on OEC with an intra-cavity average power reaching ~100 kW which affect cavity stability and could lead to lose of lock, the modal instabilities are well described with mode degeneracies induced by mirror surface thermoelastic deformation characterized by Winkler model. We brought up the D-shape mirror method for suppressing modal instabilities and proved its effectiveness with simulation. An hour-time-scale stable intra-cavity average power of 200 kW was realized on the prototype OEC of Thomson scattering light source ThomX with implementation of D-shape mirrors inside. Analysis is carried out for understanding the fast power drop phenomenon appearing on OEC which affects the cavity stability and hinders the intra-cavity power reaching the designed goal. Intra-cavity power drops appeared with magnitude and time scale depending on the power level. Increasing further the incident power led to irreversible damage of the cavity coupling mirror surface. The origin of this phenomenon is investigated with post mortem mirror surface imaging and analysis of the signals transmitted and reflected by the OEC. Scattering loss induced by mirror surface deformation due to a hot-spot contaminant is found to be most likely the dominant physics behind this phenomenon and the cavity behavior could be well reproduced by simulation. This analysis could help to understand the physical process behind this kind of power drop phenomenon appearing on OEC being applied in wide range of applications and to prevent permanent mirror damage. Full design of the prototype OEC of Tsinghua Thomson scattering X-ray source (TTX) is presented and preliminary experiment is carried out on it, realizing the goal of locking a continuous wave injection laser with the cavity with the cavity gain measured to be 133. Design of the high power experimental setup for TTX prototype OEC and the design for TTX OEC to be coupled with the electron storage ring are provided
Araujo, Viana Carlos. "Développement technologique et intégration système de VCSEL et HPT SiGe pour des applications radio-sur-fibre 60 GHz bas coût." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1003/document.
Full textWireless communication technologies have become one of the most popular and indispensable part of people's lives in the recent years, offering mobility and services never before available from mobile communication until local network communication. This work is based on the frame of the French ORIGIN project and intended to explore the Home Area Network using the most recent Wi-Fi standard at 60 GHz with the goal to present a solution for the upcoming days where MultiGbit/s wireless communication will be required. The ORIGIN solution is characterized by the complementary action of two technologies: 60 GHz Wireless communication and Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) infrastructure. The project pretends to propose a real prototype based on RoF transducers and a Multipoint-to-Multipoint architecture to cover the entire house. This thesis covers from the single optoelectronic chip devices until the system implementation and the final demonstrator. The light source and the photodetector choice were very important since it dictated the RoF transducer architecture. Our choice was on 850 nm multimode devices (GaAs VCSEL and SiGe HPT) which allow relaxed constraints on the optical packaging and, therefore, low cost solutions. In terms of performances those devices are limited in a few tens of Gigahertz of bandwidth which was the reason for the intermediate frequency (IF) architecture. This thesis work addressed the electrical and optical interconnection of the optoelectronic chip devices. It explored the integration of hybrid amplification stages and passive networks within optoelectronic receivers and emitters. The optical packaging issues were addressed through a conventional coupling technique using a ball lens first. The die device performances were evaluated and compared with a packaged module in terms of frequency response, noise and nonlinearities. Since performances are usually measured as link performances we proposed a definition of the Opto-microwave figures of merit, such as Opto-microwave gain, noise, nonlinearities and EVM. They are presented and integrated into behavioral models, allowing both the individual performances extraction and system design. The integration of the RoF module in the system is the final part of this thesis. The performances were measured and simulated at each integration step. The final demonstrator based on the multipoint-to-multipoint architecture was implemented using an optoelectronic central node for the signal repartition and the Green Box for signal controlling. Real-time bidirectional transmission between two commercial WirelessHD devices at ~3 Gbit/s was validated. In a final section directions to improve VCSEL and SiGe HPT are explored. 25 GHz analogue VCSELs are explored with a focus on their dimensions, improved access and the potential of a suited matching approach. A novel collective and passive optical coupling technology is also proposed for both VCSEL and top illuminated detectors that couple smaller and faster devices