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Journal articles on the topic 'CAx systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 February 2023

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1

Liu, Yan Bin, and Xiao Wei Tong. "Integration of CAx/PDM Systems Based on Service-Oriented Architecture." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 2103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.2103.

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The emphasis of enterprises information is manufacturing information, the key of which is to realize the information sharing and integrating. In this paper, a new approach to integrate CAx / PDM systems is provided, which is based on service-oriented architecture. In accordance with service architecture, the PDM's functionality can be encapsulated by a new interface which is developed based on it's original interface. In this way, the PDM can be invoked as a service for CAx systems, such as CAD,CAPP,CAE etc, the CAx systems can share information with each other and realize the integration of heterogeneous system.

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2

Likavčan, Lukáš, Martin Frnčík, Rudolf Zaujec, Lukáš Satin, and Maroš Martinkovič. "Design and Production of the Injection Mould with a Cax Assistance." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 24, no. 38 (September 1, 2016): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rput-2016-0034.

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Abstract This paper is focused on the process of designing the desired plastic component and injection mould by using the 3D CAD systems. The subsequent FEM analysis of the injection mould process was carried out in order to define shrinkage and deformation of the plastic material by CAE system. The dimensions of the mould were then modified to compensate the shrinkage effect. Machining process (milling and the laser texturing) of the mould was performed by using CAM systems. Finally, after the production of the plastic components by the injection mould technology, the inspection of the plastic component dimensions was carried out by CAQ in order to define the accuracy of the whole CAx chain. It was also demonstrated that CAx systems are an integral part of pre-production and production process.

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3

Li, Jia, Yun Bing Yang, and Fa Yuan Wei. "Knowledge Based Engineering in Complicated Product Design." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 1135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.1135.

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Under the tendency of knowledge economy in the world, knowledge research becomes a hot subject. The analysis about the meanings, categories and characteristics of knowledge is presented at first. The concept and key techniques of Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) are discussed. The differences and relationships among KBE, Expert System (ES) and CAD/CAE/CAPP/CAM (CAX) Systems are analyzed as well. An example on knowledge-based designing of one complicated product is provided. A product knowledge base is established by analyzing the structure and characteristics of product design knowledge. Product knowledge integration and management is fulfilled using Product Data Management (PDM) and dynamic database technique.

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4

Wang, Bolin, Huixia Lai, Yuxue Yue, Gangfeng Sheng, Yaqin Deng, Haihua He, Lingling Guo, Jia Zhao, and Xiaonian Li. "Zeolite Supported Ionic Liquid Catalysts for the Hydrochlorination of Acetylene." Catalysts 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8090351.

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An efficient and stable heterogeneous Zeolite Supported Ionic Liquid Catalyst (IL/CaX) has been explored in acetylene hydrochlorination reaction. The IL/CaX catalyst exhibits excellent space time yields of vinyl chloride (VCM), when compared to the benchmark of Au/C systems. Through characterization and kinetic studies, the reaction follows a two-site mechanism, which is described as the adsorbed hydrogen chloride on the Ca2+ in zeolite, reacting with the adsorbed acetylene on the cation of ionic liquid to form vinyl chloride. The catalytic reaction takes place at the IL/CaX interface, whilst the upper interphase IL/CaX is not active. The deactivation of the catalyst is caused by the dissolving byproducts in the ionic liquid layer, which can be reactivated by a simple vacuum procedure. It is of great significance to study and develop green non-mercury catalysts, in acetylene hydrochlorination.

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Liu, Yan Bing, J. Chen, and X. W. Tong. "Study on Integration of CAx/PDM Based on Web Services." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.951.

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Using the advantages of integration technique based on Web Services, a CAx/PDM integration framework was constructed to realize the integration of PDM and other application systems. With the framework, the encapsulation of PDM function modules based on .NET Framework was achieved, a dynamic integration method of PDM and CAx systems was provided, the middle format of exchanging data for PDM and other application systems was represented by the XML( Extensible Markup Language) schema to share the information of enterprise application systems. The proposed integration technology can be effectively used to CAx /PDM integration, and meets the manufacturing enterprise's requirement on integrating application system suitably.

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Karpiuk, Michał, and Gabriela Kiszka. "Generative modeling in the SOLIDWORKS on the example of the furniture industry." Mechanik 91, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.1.24.

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The capabilities of CAx systems allow to expand CAD models with engineering knowledge. These are programmed models called generative or integrated models. Described is the usage of generative modeling in the SOLIDWORKS on the example of the furniture industry.

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Warchulski, Jacek, and Marcin Warchulski. "Process automatization of creating aerofoil shape in AutoCAD software." Mechanik 90, no. 7 (July 10, 2017): 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.7.88.

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Possibilities of using of CAx systems to automation process of graphical tasks are presented. Possibility of using AutoLISP language with VisualLISP environment to create aerofoil shape in CAx system are analysed.

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Warchulski, Jacek, and Marcin Warchulski. "Process automatization of creating 3D objects in AutoCAD software." Mechanik 91, no. 7 (July 9, 2018): 564–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.7.85.

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In this paper possibilities of using of CAx systems to automation process of graphical tasks are presented. Possibility of using Delphi language with OLE technology to creating 3D objects in CAx system are analysed.

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Warchulski, Jacek, and Marcin Warchulski. "Process automatization of creating shape of anti-aircraft missile nose in AutoCAD software." Mechanik 92, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2019.7.54.

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In this paper possibilities of using of CAx systems to automation process of graphical tasks are presented. Possibility of using Delphi language and ActiveX technology to creating the shape of an anti-aircraft missile in CAx system are analysed.

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10

Tang, Yaohong, Mengmeng Song, Shungen Xiao, Xiangui Liu, and Guoxiang Liang. "CAx Integration and Its Design Application Based on Feature Extension of Sensor Components." Journal of Sensors 2021 (October 14, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9698919.

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In order to improve the information and product originality level of intelligent manufacturing industry based on sensor technology, this paper summarizes the current situation of CAx integration based on sensor technology and its design application and analyzes the shortcomings of existing CAx integration, aiming at accurate, complete, timely, and barrier-free transfer of sensor product data and information between CAx system and MRPII/ERP management information system. The concept and information model of feature extension of sensor components oriented to the whole process of sensor intelligent manufacturing is presented. Taking feature extension of sensor components as the integration link, CAx integration framework structure and its design application mode based on feature extension are established, while key technologies and implementation ideas to realize the integration and the design application are put forward, which provides an effective path to realize the sensor integration of CAx and management information systems such as MRPII/ERP.

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11

Oussalah, C., and N. Giambiasi. "A General Framework for Building CAX Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 22, no. 6 (July 1989): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)54383-9.

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12

Ho, K. H., S. T. Newman, and R. D. Allen. "STEP-NC compliant information modelling for wire electrical discharge machining component manufacture." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 219, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440505x32751.

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Over the last five years, a great deal of research effort has been concentrated on the development of a new data model ISO 14649, informally known as STEP-NC. It has been strongly argued that STEP-NC has huge implications on the integration of the computer-aided design/computer-aided process planning/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAPP/CAM) (CAx) systems, giving the opportunity to realize interoperable computer numerical control (CNC) manufacturing. This is largely owing to the data model, which provides the capability to revolutionize the current state of the art in CNC manufacturing by offering a bi-directional interface with a high-level description of the geometrical and manufacturing information. This paper provides a view of how these STEP-NC compliant information models can be used to support the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) CAD to the CNC process chain. The models are based on part 13 of the ISO 14649 standard, which is dedicated to the WEDM process, together with part 10 of the standard, which specifies the general machining information. The information models have been identified and their structures have been defined and modelled using the unified modelling language (UML). A STEP-NC compliant WEDM CAx prototype system, based on the Java and the object-oriented database management system (DBMS) ObjectStore, has been constructed with an example case study to demonstrate the information models.

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Cao, Yan, and Jiang Du. "Manufacturing Feature Modeling System Framework Based on XML and UG Platform." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.393.

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Feature modeling technology is the requirement of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT). It is one of the key technologies of CAD/CAPP/CAM integrated system to build a shared part feature model. A feature modeling system can provide not only the geometry information of a part, but also the processing information of the part, which is needed by the latter CAM system, to realize information share and exchange between CAX systems. In the paper, feature concept, feature classification, model structure and modeling method based on features are introduced. Then, an interactive feature modeling method is presented. According to the requirement of CAPP, the system developed can supply the processing information to generate the corresponding manufacturing feature model that can be output in XML file format for a CAPP system.

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Fischer, Bryan R. "A Step Up." Mechanical Engineering 137, no. 03 (March 1, 2015): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2015-mar-3.

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This article presents work done by International Organization for Standardization in providing useful information. The International Organization for Standardization has released a new standard for the exchange of product-model data, ISO 10303-242, which is a new application protocol standard in the STEP family of standards. The standard significantly improves STEP’s capabilities, especially in providing useful information for an enterprise. STEP is commonly used in industry to share 3-D CAD model geometry with organizations using different CAD software with different proprietary data formats. The semantic information of the new standard is computer-interpretable; it can be used in semi-automated and automated systems and is intended to be used by software designed for tolerance analysis, inspection, and manufacturing. The CAx Implementor Forum is an essential part of STEP development. The CAx-IF works in parallel with the AP242 team to develop recommended practices for the implementation of AP242 in CAD and data translation software, to test the data models and best practices, and to provide critical feedback to the AP242 team.

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15

Pfeifer, Marcel Rolf. "Computer-Aided Standardisation for Manufacturing and Maintenance Activities." Technological Engineering 16, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teen-2019-0004.

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Abstract The paper deals with the development and application of computer-aided standardisation (CAS) for the distribution of standardisation data of production and maintenance processes within the company network. Rising integration pressure of company software tools also include CAx technologies. These CAx technologies provide software solutions for different applications, being able to work closely together with ERP-systems, Business Intelligence (BI) tools and further systems. The possibility of integration makes it also feasible to look on the CAS tool and its potential. While CAS is a topic not yet fully discussed, future development may lead to the requirement of integrating the CAS with the ERP and planning system. Approaches, such as CIM, digital factories (DF) and Industry 4.0 benefit from a broader database available with the CAS system employed

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Pan, Hai Peng, and Hao Feng. "Geometry Information Extraction from the STEP Neutral File." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3158.

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It is one of the key technologies for the integration of CAD/CAM/CAPP to extract the geometric model information. Based on a systematic analysis and comprehension on the expression of STEP geometry model, the map between EXPRESS and C++ was studied. The module of map has been developed as a dynamic link library, which facilitated the expansion of system. In order to ensure the coherence and availability of collected data, a module for data acquisition has also been designed. The reading and analysis for STEP neutral file has been realized so that the geometry information in the STEP-based three-dimensional model could be extracted. Application illustration, which is used for supporting the slicing process in rapid prototyping, has been also presented. The method put forward in the paper is conducive to the integration of different CAX systems.

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17

Bobek, T., C. Zymla, B. Pranzas, and L. Glasmacher. "CAx-Technologie in der replikativen Optikfertigung." wt Werkstattstechnik online 100, no. 11-12 (2010): 897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2010-11-12-897.

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18

PAHERNIK, Mladen. "APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN COMPUTER ASSISTED EXERCISE (CAX)." Security and Defence Quarterly 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/23008741.1191947.

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19

Salonitis, Konstantinos, and Panagiotis Stavropoulos. "On the Integration of the CAx Systems Towards Sustainable Production." Procedia CIRP 9 (2013): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2013.06.178.

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20

Barbieri, L., F. Bruno, F. Caruso, and M. Muzzupappa. "Innovative integration techniques between Virtual Reality systems and CAx tools." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 38, no. 11-12 (September 9, 2007): 1085–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-007-1160-3.

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21

Karim, A., A. Waibel, S. Abel, and A. Prof Verl. "Durchgängige CAx-Kette bei der mechanischen Bearbeitung mit Industrierobotern*/Continuous CAx-process-chain for machining with industrial robots." wt Werkstattstechnik online 106, no. 09 (2016): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2016-09-74.

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Industrieroboter für die spanende Bearbeitung gewinnen zunehmend an Attraktivität, ihr Einsatz wird aktuell allerdings durch die im Vergleich zu Werkzeugmaschinen geringere erreichbare Bearbeitungsqualität beschränkt. Unter Verwendung einer durchgängigen CAx-Kette stellen sie jedoch durchaus flexible Alternativen dar, insbesondere für Anwendungen, welche nur mäßige Anforderungen an Genauigkeit beziehungsweise Oberflächengüte haben. Für die Fertigung von Schaltschränken soll exemplarisch das Potential zur kostenarmen und effizienten mechanischen Bearbeitung grobtolerierter großvolumiger Bauteile aufgezeigt werden.   Industrial robots for machining become increasingly attractive, but their use is currently limited by the achievable machining quality, which is lower compared to machine tools. The deployment of a continuous CAx-process-chain however makes industrial robots a flexible alternative, particularly for applications with low requirements respective accuracy and surface quality. The potential for economic and efficient machining of roughly tolerated and large-size components will be demonstrated by manufacturing control cabinets.

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22

Gołębski, Rafał. "Utilization of CAx systems in the process of modeling and calculation of two-step reducer." Mechanik, no. 7 (July 2016): 688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2016.7.127.

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23

Malik, Maciej, Magdalena Przytocka, and Michał Karpiuk. "Model based definition in SOLIDWORKS®." Mechanik 92, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2019.1.15.

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Need of exchanging details about designed structure among cooperating manufacturers and integration of various IT systems, forced CAx programs developers to change the attitude to a technical documentation. The method of notation reference MBD (Model Based Documentation) data and its implementation in SOLIDWORKS® MBD are described.

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Denkena, B., V. Böß, R. Kaddour, J. Friederichs, and E. Bassett. "Automatisiertes Entgraten mit Industrierobotern – durchgängige CAx-Prozesskette." wt Werkstattstechnik online 101, no. 9 (2011): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2011-9-623.

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You, Chun-Fong, and Shen-Chou Yeh. "Engineering Change Propagation System using STEP." Concurrent Engineering 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a030348.

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Reducing the time for engineering changes can greatly shorten a product's life cycle and improve the productivity of enterprises. This work proposes an approach to engineering change propagation between CAD and product data management (PDM) systems. A system for modeling and triggering changes of models of engineering data, geometries, and features, using STEP AP 214 and AP224, is developed. A change in CAD and PDM systems can propagate along a defined path and trigger a rule by which data of another system are changed. The proposed engineering change propagation (ECP) system provides a flexible, virtually integrated framework to enable engineering change. Affected items and propagation sequences of engineering changes are inferred with the help of an ECP network. Engineering change issued between a STEP-based solid modeling system and a PDM system is implemented and discussed to demonstrate the capability of the ECP system. Change in the feature parameters of a CAD system is propagated and the relevant data, defined in the ECP network, are triggered. Enterprises can use the ECP system to integrate various information systems, such as CAx, PDM, CAPP, ERP, and others, and facilitate collaborative engineering using a virtual framework, to promote competition.

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Zahoranský, Robert. "Supervisory Level of Managing of Automated Assembly Workplace." Applied Mechanics and Materials 282 (January 2013): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.282.182.

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Department of Automation and Production Systems is aimed at the problem of computer aid and automation in engineering industry with emphasis on NC/CNC machines and robots programming, CAx systems and microelectronics and microcomputers practical application in industrial practice. The new specialised laboratory workplaces are building at our department to improve education process. The article presents actual state of building of the automated assembly laboratory workplace. The attention is aimed at the problem of the workplace control.

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Yuan, Zhi Hua, Tie Han, and Mei Duan. "Research on CISSCAx System of Suitable for Flexible Manufacturing Mechanical Products." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.297.

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CAx system is the common application system of CIMS engineering, the data sharing between different systems is the basic problem of realizing data integration to solve. We analyze the implementation approach of CISSCAx system in this paper, adopting the extended commercial database is suitable for engineering application, building engineering database based on STEP standard, and solve the problem of information sharing in the design of automation.

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Jałowiecki, Andrzej, and Wojciech Skarka. "Problems with designing of unfolding surfaces in the context of generative modelling." Mechanik 91, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.1.21.

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This paper is an attempt to deal with problems related to designing of unfolded surfaces in CAx systems. In the paper main problems during a modelling process of such type objects are described. Additionally, some way of how to deal with this task are shown. Authors’ main focus is on using the generative modelling techniques in order to automate the designing process of the unfolded surfaces.

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Kreis, Alexander, Mario Hirz, Severin Stadler, Markus Salchner, and Patrick Rossbacher. "Convenient connection technology data model supporting optimized information exchange between CAx-systems." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 15, no. 5 (March 2018): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16864360.2018.1441244.

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Spöcker, Gunter, Thorsten Schreiner, Tobias Huwer, and Kristian Arntz. "Programming of adaptive repair process chains using repair features and function blocks." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 3, no. 1 (July 2, 2015): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2015.06.012.

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Abstract The current trends of product customization and repair of high value parts with individual defects demand automation and a high degree of flexibility of the involved manufacturing process chains. To determine the corresponding requirements this paper gives an overview of manufacturing process chains by distinguishing between horizontal and vertical process chains. The established way of modeling and programming processes with CAx systems and existing approaches is shown. Furthermore, the different types of possible adaptions of a manufacturing process chain are shown and considered as a cascaded control loop. Following this it is discussed which key requirements of repair process chains are unresolved by existing approaches. To overcome the deficits this paper introduces repair features which comprise the idea of geometric features and defines analytical auxiliary geometries based on the measurement input data. This meets challenges normally caused by working directly on reconstructed geometries in the form of triangulated surfaces which are prone to artifacts. Embedded into function blocks, this allows the use of traditional approaches for manufacturing process chains to be applied to adaptive repair process chains. Highlights Definition of adaptive repair process chains as cascaded control loops. Introduction of repair features as a bridge between measurement input and analytical CAD data for manufacturing. Dynamic determination and adjustment of repair features and CAx repair process chain execution based on function blocks. Use case study of repairing worn-out turbine blades with repair features and function blocks.

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Kužma, Dalibor, Peter Korba, Michal Hovanec, and Ľuboslav Dulina. "Korištenje sustavom CAX kao sredstvom za modeliranje konstrukcijskih elemenata u zrakoplovnoj industriji." Naše more 63, no. 3 (June 2016): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/nm/2016/si11.

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Košťál, Peter, Daynier Rolando Delgado Sobrino, Radovan Holubek, and Roman Ružarovský. "Laboratory of Flexible Manufacturing System for Drawingless Manufacturing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 693 (December 2014): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.693.3.

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Flexible Manufacturing Systems provide a fast reaction possibility to the changes in production conditions. For achieving a quick responsibility of production, it is necessary to leave the traditional form of production process planning. Nowadays, most of the products are designed by using CAx software. The product design of 3D model contains not only the geometrical data of product, but it may contain a part of the process plan and technological data as well.

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Li, W., C. F. Guo, and X. Q. Tang. "Research on the Integrated System of Digital Design/Manufacturing/Management in Aeroplane Process Equipments." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.635.

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Aiming at the existed deficiency of integrated application of digital technologies, the integration scheme of digital design/manufacturing/management in aeroplane process equipments is proposed. Its collective technologies and practical research items are analyzed, together with existed CAX systems and their data transfer relationship with MES/PDM. The united information model and knowledge reuse technologies are studied to ensure the successful product development. Based on the above researches, an integrated application system is set up, which is composed of seven sub-systems, like management of process equipments orders etc. Therefore, “paperless” manufacturing in the Hafei Aviation Company has finally come true.

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Ma, Q. C., and X. W. Liu. "Review of Knowledge Based Engineering with PLM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.127.

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This paper starts with an analysis of the need for knowledge based engineering (KBE) system based on typical domain-specific engineering products. It looks back the history of KBE and exams the general structure of KBE systems. It then reviews the current development, particularly the knowledge representation in a KBE system, followed by a discussion of the shortcomings regarding to the maintenance and excessive cost of integrations with other digital tools. Finally it recommends the characteristics of a genuine KBE system and the standardization of KBE applications, particularly the internal knowledge representation standards and knowledge-based system interface standards with CAx systems and PLM solutions.

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35

Zahn, A., P. Diwisch, F. Rieg, and B. Alber-Laukant. "DESIGN MODIFICATION OF AN INNOVATIVE SPLIT-SINGLE TWO-STROKE ENGINE." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (May 2020): 2581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.102.

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AbstractA prototype of an innovative split-single two stroke engine is presented. With the aim of increasing the power-to-weight ratio for later mobile use, the individual engine components have to be revised. The focus is on the development process for the redesign of the crankcase. Through a preliminary examination of the necessary CAx systems, an iterative process chain that combines suitable synthesis and analysis tools is derived. This includes the design of the machine elements, a numerical strength verification using FEM and preparing the model for machining.

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Kul’ga, K. S., A. A. Kitaev, I. O. Sidorov, and D. G. Kozhinov. "Design of flexible manufacturing systems on the basis of CAx software and virtual modeling." Russian Engineering Research 36, no. 7 (July 2016): 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x16070133.

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37

Webley, Paul A., and Richard S. Todd. "Kinetics of Mixed Adsorbent Systems in Gas–Solid Adsorption." Adsorption Science & Technology 21, no. 1 (February 2003): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/02636170360699796.

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Mixtures of solid adsorbents often occur in the process industries through either accident or design. To model such systems, a common approach is to define a pseudo-adsorbent with equilibrium properties equal to the mass fraction weighted average of the components in the mixture. The selection of an appropriate mass-transfer rate constant for the mixture is, however, more complicated. In this study, we have derived simple relationships between the linear driving force rate constants for a pseudo-mixture in terms of the rate constants, equilibrium parameters and mass fractions of the components of the mixture. The reciprocal rate constant for a mixture of adsorbents was shown to be related to the mass fraction weighted average reciprocal rates of the components of the mixture for the case of equal equilibrium isotherms. Expressions of greater complexity resulted for non-linear and non-equal isotherms. Experimental testing was undertaken of the breakthrough behaviour in adsorbent mixtures using the air system with mixtures of CaX and NaX in an adiabatic packed column. The mass-transfer behaviour of the solid mixtures was in good agreement with that predicted by the simple models.

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Košťál, Peter, and Daynier Rolando Delgado Sobrino. "Flexible Manufacturing System for Drawingless Manufacturing." Key Engineering Materials 581 (October 2013): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.581.527.

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Flexible Manufacturing Systems provide a fast reaction possibility to the changes in production conditions. As production conditions change, other changes in the final product like changes of the product variants, or other unpredictable events may be also expected. For achieving a quick responsibility of production, it is necessary to leave the traditional form of production process planning. Nowadays most of the products are designed by using the CAx software. The product design 3D model contains not only the geometrical data of product, but may contain a part of the process plan and technological data as well.

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Klocke, Fritz, Gunter Spöcker, Tobias Huwer, Thomas Bobek, and Kristian Arntz. "Reducing data loss within adaptive process chains in the context of commonly-used CAx systems." Production Engineering 9, no. 3 (May 8, 2015): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-015-0616-9.

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Chugunov, Mikhail V., Irina N. Polunina, Alexander G. Divin, Aleksandra A. Generalova, Artem A. Nikulin, and Dmitriy S. Bychkov. "Integrated Mobile Robotic Platform Model." Engineering Technologies and Systems 31, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 609–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.609-627.

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Introduction. The “Smart Agroˮ committee of Research and Education Center “Engineering of the Future” has identified a number of tasks relevant for improving the efficiency of precision, soil-protecting and conservation agriculture. One of these tasks is the development of a digital multi-agent system, which provides a number of services for agricultural enterprises, developers and manufacturers of agricultural machinery. The purpose of the present study is to model an autonomous mobile robotic platform, including the development of software and hardware for trajectory control. Materials and Methods. To solve the problem, there are used modern CAx systems and their applications, the methods of 3D and full-body modeling, and the method of numerical solution of problems in solid mechanics. To expand and improve the standard functionality of CAx-systems (SolidWorks) in the software implementation of trajectory control algorithms, the methods and technologies of programming using API SolidWorks, VisualStudio C++ (MFC, ATL, COM) are used, and to build physical full-scale models ‒ Arduino and fischertechnik platforms. Results. The result of the study is a software and hardware module of trajectory control for an integrated (physical and virtual) model of a mobile robotic platform, which can be provided to the consumer as a service for technology autonomation. For the developed integrated model, control algorithms for various types of trajectories were tested. Discussion and Conclusion. The developed integrated software and hardware model of trajectory control can be used by developers and manufacturers of agricultural machinery, and directly by agro-enterprises for implementing typical technological processes. A feature of the implementation is an open hardware and software interface that provides the integration of mobile robotic platforms based on a digital multi-agent system.

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Chemnitz, M., O. Heimann, and A. Vick. "Reale Daten für Simulationen im digitalen Zwilling*/Real data for simulation in the digital twin -Study on how to record Profinet data and reproduce them in complex simulation environments." wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, no. 09 (2019): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-09-48.

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Die hohen Anforderungen an moderne Fertigungssysteme erfordern leistungsfähige Engineering-Lösungen. Wie man die Identifikation von Fehlerursachen in komplexen Anlagen erleichtert, wurde in einer Machbarkeitsstudie des Fraunhofer IPK im Auftrag von Siemens DI FA untersucht. In der vorgestellten Lösung werden die Daten der Anlage auf Feldbusebene erfasst und in den digitalen Zwilling eingespeist. So kann das Verhalten der Komponenten taktgenau nachvollzogen werden. Dies elaubt einen tiefen Einblick in das System und unterstützt so bei der Fehlerbehebung.   Powerful engineering tools are required to keep modern production systems manageable. Siemens DI FA and the Fraunhofer IPK present a novel tool for root cause analysis within complex manufacturing systems. The solution combines a CAx plant model with control data recorded from the field bus. This creates a comprehensive digital twin, allowing to analyse past machine behavior with bus clock resolution.

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Picone, Carmela M., James C. Grotta, Rosa Earls, Roger Strong, and John Dedman. "Immunohistochemical Determination of Calcium—Calmodulin Binding Predicts Neuronal Damage after Global Ischemia." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 9, no. 6 (December 1989): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1989.114.

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Since ionic Ca2+ binds with intracellular calmodulin (CaM) before activating proteases, kinases, and phospholipases, demonstration of persistent Ca2+ –CaM binding in neurons destined to show ischemic cellular injury would support the concept that elevated intracellular Ca2+ plays a causative role in ischemic neuronal damage. In order to characterize Ca2+ –CaM binding, we used a sheep anti-CaM antibody (CaM-Ab) which recognizes CaM that is not bound to Ca2+ or brain target proteins. Therefore, immunohistochemical staining of brain sections by labeled CaM-Ab represented only unbound CaM. Six normal rats were compared to 15 animals rendered ischemic for 30 min by a modification of the four-vessel occlusion model. Animals were killed immediately after ischemia, and after 2 and 24 h of reperfusion. Brain sections through hippocampus were incubated in CaM-Ab, and a diaminobenzadiene labeled anti-sheep secondary antibody was added to stain the CaM-Ab. Staining in the endal limb of dentate, dorsal CA1, lateral CA3, and parietal cortex was graded on a 4-point scale. All normal animals had grade 4 staining indicating the presence of unbound CaM in all four brain regions. Ischemic animals demonstrated reduced (grade 0 to 2) staining in the CA1 and CA3 regions immediately and 2 and 24 h after ischemia (p < 0.01 for both regions at all three time intervals) indicating persistent binding of CaM with Ca2+ and target proteins in these regions. Staining decreased in dentate and cortex up to 2 h after ischemia (p = 0.02 for both regions) but returned toward normal by 24 h. We conclude that while most brain regions demonstrate increased Ca2+ –CaM binding immediately after ischemia, this binding returns to normal in brain regions destined to recover, such as cortex and dentate, but persists beyond 24 h in selectively vulnerable CA1 and partially vulnerable CA3, which are destined to undergo irreversible damage. These findings support the hypothesis that calcium entry into neurons and consequent persistent activation of Ca2+ -dependent enzyme systems leads to irreversible cell damage.

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Saxena, Prateek, Panagiotis Stavropoulos, John Kechagias, and Konstantinos Salonitis. "Sustainability Assessment for Manufacturing Operations." Energies 13, no. 11 (May 29, 2020): 2730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112730.

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Sustainability is becoming more and more important as a decision attribute in the manufacturing environment. However, quantitative metrics for all the aspects of the triple bottom line are difficult to assess. Within the present paper, the sustainability metrics are considered in tandem with other traditional manufacturing metrics such as time, flexibility, and quality and a novel framework is presented that integrates information and requirements from Computer-Aided Technologies (CAx) systems. A novel tool is outlined for considering a number of key performance indicators related to the triple bottom line when deciding the most appropriate process route. The implemented system allows the assessment of alternative process plans considering the market demands and available resources.

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Matsunuma, Takayuki. "Effects of the Installation Location of a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuator on the Active Passage Vortex Control of a Turbine Cascade at Low Reynolds Numbers." Actuators 11, no. 5 (May 2, 2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11050129.

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Because axial flow turbines are widely used as the main components of jet engines and industrial gas turbines, their energy reduction effect is significant, even with a slight performance improvement. These turbines operate over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. However, at low Reynolds numbers below 1 × 105, the aerodynamic characteristics deteriorate greatly, due to the flow separation of the boundary layer on the blade suction surface and an increase in the secondary flow. In this study, an experiment to reduce the passage vortex was conducted using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator, which is expected to operate with a new innovative active flow control technology. The plasma actuator was installed on the endwall of a linear turbine cascade in the test section of a wind tunnel. From the velocity distribution measured using particle image velocimetry, the secondary flow vector, turbulence intensity, and vorticity were analyzed. The input voltage and frequency of the plasma actuator were fixed at 12 kVp-p and 10 kHz, respectively. In particular, the optimum installation location of the plasma actuator was examined from upstream to mid-passage positions of the turbine cascade (normalized axial location of Z/Cax = −0.35 to 0.51). In addition, the effect of the Reynolds number was examined by varying it between Reout = 1.8 × 104 and 3.7 × 104. From the experimental results, it was found that the optimum location of the plasma actuator was immediately before the blade leading edge (Z/Cax = −0.20 to −0.06). This is because the inlet boundary layer can be accelerated near the blade leading edge, weakening the horseshoe vortex which initially causes the passage vortex. At a higher Reynolds number, the passage vortex suppression effect of the plasma actuator is weakened, because the flow induced by the plasma actuators becomes relatively weaker as the mainstream velocity increases with an increase in the Reynolds number.

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Khaled, A., Y. S. Ma, and J. Miller. "Feature and Product Markup Languages in service-oriented CAX collaboration." International Journal of Manufacturing Research 5, no. 1 (2010): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmr.2010.029665.

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Neagoe Zinca, Diana-Ioana, and Ghiță Bârsan. "Main Events List/Main Incidents List Development Process for Computer Assisted Exercises." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 26, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2020-0129.

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AbstractIn order to train commanders in the decision making process we cannot rely only on simulation systems. It takes more than war-gaming to be able to train higher-headquarters and a proven solution to achieve that is by using computer assisted exercises (CAX). The higher the headquarters that needs to be trained, the more complicated the systems’ architecture becomes, for both functional area services and simulation systems together with their auxiliary tools. It takes subject matter experts in different domains and up to 18 months to plan a computer assisted exercise. Every stage of the exercise planning process involves using different systems and building their databases. In order for the commanders to be successfully trained in the decision making process, they need to face operational dilemmas. The Main Events List/Main Incidents List (MEL/MIL) planning team’s job during the exercise planning phase is to develop the major events, incidents and injects which will trigger the operational dilemmas and will force the commanders to make decisions in dynamic and fast-paced environments. The MEL/MIL plays a key role in ensuring a successful execution phase of an exercise and this study explains in detail the complex 8 month process of building the MEL/MIL database.

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Turek, Paweł, Damian Filip, Łukasz Przeszłowski, Artur Łazorko, Grzegorz Budzik, Sławomir Snela, Mariusz Oleksy, et al. "Manufacturing Polymer Model of Anatomical Structures with Increased Accuracy Using CAx and AM Systems for Planning Orthopedic Procedures." Polymers 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112236.

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Currently, medicine uses typical industrial structure techniques, including reverse engineering, data processing, 3D-CAD modeling, 3D printing, and coordinate measurement techniques. Taking this into account, one can notice the applications of procedures used in the aviation or automotive industries based on the structure of Industry 4.0 in the planning of operations and the production of medical models with high geometric accuracy. The procedure presented in the publication shortens the processing time of tomographic data and increases the reconstruction accuracy within the hip and knee joints. The procedure allows for the partial removal of metallic artifacts from the diagnostic image. Additionally, numerical models of anatomical structures, implants, and bone cement were developed in more detail by averaging the values of local segmentation thresholds. Before the model manufacturing process, additional tests of the PLA material were conducted in terms of its strength and thermal properties. Their goal was to select the appropriate type of PLA material for manufacturing models of anatomical structures. The numerical models were divided into parts before being manufactured using the Fused Filament Fabrication technique. The use of the modifier made it possible to change the density, type of filling, number of counters, and the type of supporting structure. These treatments allowed us to reduce costs and production time and increase the accuracy of the printout. The accuracy of the manufactured model geometry was verified using the MCA-II measuring arm with the MMDx100 laser head and surface roughness using a 3D Talyscan 150 profilometer. Using the procedure, a decrease in geometric deviations and amplitude parameters of the surface roughness were noticed. The models based on the presented approach allowed for detailed and meticulous treatment planning.

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Wróbel, Ireneusz. "Use of CAx systems in the design of the construction and technological process of innovative car body parts." Mechanik 91, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.1.7.

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Presented is the process of designing the construction and technological process of the passenger car door beam. The FEM beam strength analysis and FEM analysis of the hot stamping process of this beam were presented. The simulations were discussed. Conclusions and recommendations were made.

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Suszyński, Marcin, and Katarzyna Peta. "Assembly Sequence Planning Using Artificial Neural Networks for Mechanical Parts Based on Selected Criteria." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 10414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110414.

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The proposed model of the neural network describes the task of planning the assembly sequence on the basis of predicting the optimal assembly time of mechanical parts. In the proposed neural approach, the k-means clustering algorithm is used. In order to find the most effective network, 10,000 network models were made using various training methods, including the steepest descent method, the conjugate gradients method, and Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm. Changes to network parameters also included the following activation functions: linear, logistic, tanh, exponential, and sine. The simulation results suggest that the neural predictor would be used as a predictor for the assembly sequence planning system. This paper discusses a new modeling scheme known as artificial neural networks, taking into account selected criteria for the evaluation of assembly sequences based on data that can be automatically downloaded from CAx systems.

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Ariga, Hiroaki, Tohru Watanabe, and Hirokazu Nishiura. "2001 Efficiency improvement of D & D systems using XML and Perl general-purpose program." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2007.20 (2007): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2007.20.175.

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