Academic literature on the topic 'Cayuse War'

Abstract The question of whether war can ever truly be accidental has been the subject of much academic debate. To provide my own answer to this question, I use an oft-ignored part of US history—the so-called Indian Wars between Native nations and an expanding United States. Specifically, this research innovation makes use of three militarized conflicts of the nineteenth century—the Black Hawk War (1832), the Cayuse War (1847–1855), and the Hualapai War (1865–1870)—to provide evidence that war can indeed occur accidentally. I conclude that IR scholars should be less confident in asserting that accidental war does not happen and that this possibility counsels restraint for policy-makers, especially in emerging domains of conflict.

This chapter explores the history of the region dominated by the Iroquois League—a Native American confederacy made up of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora nations. The chapter traces the shifting identity and geographic borders of Iroquoia in the Great Lakes region, from the era of European contact to the present day. Through a deft combination of warfare and diplomacy during the colonial era, the Iroquois established the most powerful Indian confederacy in northeastern America. The political influence and territorial integrity of this confederacy was badly shaken during the revolutionary era, but the cultural identity of the Iroquois remains strongly rooted in modern New York and Canada, and for that reason Iroquoia continues to exist in the present day.

This is a sketch of polysynthesis in Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY) based on the Cup’ik dialect of Chevak, Alaska. CAY has well-defined words whose content is often holophrastic and whose parts are often word-like. Holophrasis is achieved by a combination of rich inflectional suffixation and by a derivational morphology in which several hundred productive suffixes bearing different lexical and grammatical meanings and functions may be added, recursively, to a lexical base. Each suffix selects the category of its base, over which it normally has scope, and determines the category of the resultant base. This simple but prolific suffixation-based system, termed ‘morphological orthodoxy’, yields long, polysynthetic words. Three cases are then discussed where suffixal elements govern constructions that in one way or another stretch CAY’s orthodox morphology, motivating them by showing parallel constructions governed by elements with similar grammatical and semantic content in languages with more heterodox morphology and syntax.

This book is the first anthology of perspectives on the future of text, one of our most important mediums for thinking and communicating, with a Foreword by the co-inventor of the Internet, Vint. Cerf and a Postscript by the founder of the modern Library of Alexandria, Ismail Serageldin. In a time with astounding developments in computer special effects in movies and the emergence of powerful AI, text has developed little beyond spellcheck and blue links. In this work we look at myriads of perspectives to inspire a rich future of text through contributions from academia, the arts, business and technology. We hope you will be as inspired as we are as to the potential power of text truly unleashed. Contributions by Adam Cheyer • Adam Kampff • Alan Kay • Alessio Antonini • Alex Holcombe • Amaranth Borsuk • Amira Hanafi • Amos Paul Kennedy Jr. • Anastasia Salter • Andy Matuschak & Michael Nielsen • Ann Bessemans & María Pérez Mena • Andries Van Dam • Anne-Laure Le Cunff • Anthon Botha • Azlen Ezla • Barbara Beeton • Belinda Barnet • Ben Shneiderman • Bernard Vatant • Bob Frankston • Bob Horn • Bob Stein • Catherine C. Marshall • Charles Bernstein • Chris Gebhardt • Chris Messina • Christian Bök • Christopher Gutteridge • Claus Atzenbeck • Daniel Russel • Danila Medvedev • Danny Snelson • Daveed Benjamin • Dave King • Dave Winer • David De Roure • David Jablonowski • David Johnson • David Lebow • David M. Durant • David Millard • David Owen Norris • David Price • David Weinberger • Dene Grigar • Denise Schmandt-Besserat • Derek Beaulieu • Doc Searls • Don Norman • Douglas Crockford • Duke Crawford • Ed Leahy • Elaine Treharne • Élika Ortega • Esther Dyson • Esther Wojcicki • Ewan Clayton • Fiona Ross • Fred Benenson & Tyler Shoemaker • Galfromdownunder, aka Lynette Chiang • Garrett Stewart • Gyuri Lajos • Harold Thimbleby • Howard Oakley • Howard Rheingold • Ian Cooke • Iian Neil • Jack Park • Jakob Voß • James Baker • James O’Sullivan • Jamie Blustein • Jane Yellowlees Douglas • Jay David Bolter • Jeremy Helm • Jesse Grosjean • Jessica Rubart • Joe Corneli • Joel Swanson • Johanna Drucker • Johannah Rodgers • John Armstrong • John Cayle • John-Paul Davidson • Joris J. van Zundert • Judy Malloy • Kari Kraus & Matthew Kirschenbaum • Katie Baynes • Keith Houston • Keith Martin • Kenny Hemphill • Ken Perlin • Leigh Nash • Leslie Carr • Lesia Tkacz • Leslie Lamport • Livia Polanyi • Lori Emerson • Luc Beaudoin & Daniel Jomphe • Lynette Chiang • Manuela González • Marc-Antoine Parent • Marc Canter • Mark Anderson • Mark Baker • Mark Bernstein • Martin Kemp • Martin Tiefenthaler • Maryanne Wolf • Matt Mullenweg • Michael Joyce • Mike Zender • Naomi S. Baron • Nasser Hussain • Neil Jefferies • Niels Ole Finnemann • Nick Montfort • Panda Mery • Patrick Lichty • Paul Smart • Peter Cho • Peter Flynn • Peter Jenson & Melissa Morocco • Peter J. Wasilko • Phil Gooch • Pip Willcox • Rafael Nepô • Raine Revere • Richard A. Carter • Richard Price • Richard Saul Wurman • Rollo Carpenter • Sage Jenson & Kit Kuksenok • Shane Gibson • Simon J. Buckingham Shum • Sam Brooker • Sarah Walton • Scott Rettberg • Sofie Beier • Sonja Knecht • Stephan Kreutzer • Stephanie Strickland • Stephen Lekson • Stevan Harnad • Steve Newcomb • Stuart Moulthrop • Ted Nelson • Teodora Petkova • Tiago Forte • Timothy Donaldson • Tim Ingold • Timur Schukin & Irina Antonova • Todd A. Carpenter • Tom Butler-Bowdon • Tom Standage • Tor Nørretranders • Valentina Moressa • Ward Cunningham • Dame Wendy Hall • Zuzana Husárová. Student Competition Winner Niko A. Grupen, and competition runner ups Catherine Brislane, Corrie Kim, Mesut Yilmaz, Elizabeth Train-Brown, Thomas John Moore, Zakaria Aden, Yahye Aden, Ibrahim Yahie, Arushi Jain, Shuby Deshpande, Aishwarya Mudaliar, Finbarr Condon-English, Charlotte Gray, Aditeya Das, Wesley Finck, Jordan Morrison, Duncan Reid, Emma Brodey, Gage Nott, Aditeya Das and Kamil Przespolewski. Edited by Frode Hegland.

This chapter is based on an analysis of letters sent by members of the public to Casey Anthony, while she was awaiting trial for the capital murder of her daughter, Caylee. Caylee Anthony went missing in Orlando, Florida, in 2008, which Casey did not report to the police. After Casey’s mother had reported her granddaughter’s disappearance several weeks later, Casey was charged with her murder. Caylee’s body was not discovered until two months after this. The case was very high profile and received intense media coverage, including via social media. In June 2010, Florida’s state attorney’s office released letters that had been sent to Casey while she was in jail. She was tried and acquitted of Caylee’s murder and manslaughter in 2011. This chapter focuses on the letters sent to Casey by people who did not know her personally. It explores how they negotiated what they already knew of her and her case from media sources in relation to their own experiences and biography, in order to relate to Casey. In doing so, it analyses how correspondents variously drew on, utilised, reshaped and rejected discourses of femininity that circulate in legal and media constructions of high profile cases of women accused of murder. The chapter also examines how correspondents’ identification with, or rejection of, Casey Anthony and elements of her story was part of the process of their own identity construction

<em>Abstract</em>.—A lethal thiamine deficiency afflicting larval landlocked Atlantic salmon <em>Salmo salar </em>in several of New York’s Finger Lakes has been linked to a maternal diet of the exotic, thiaminase-rich alewife <em>Alosa pseudoharengus</em>. To evaluate why trout and char species in the Finger Lakes are apparently not affected by this “Cayuga syndrome,” levels of thiamine in the whole blood of syndromepositive and syndrome-negative stocks of Atlantic salmon were compared with levels in lake trout <em>Salvelinus namaycush</em>, brown trout <em>Salmo trutta</em>, and rainbow trout <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss </em>from Cayuga and/or Seneca lakes. Thiamine levels did not differ between sexes within any species or stock. Consistent with the hypothesis that thermal habitat partitioning may predispose the salmon to more dietary thiaminase than other Finger Lakes salmonids, thiamine levels in the salmon that produced syndrome-positive sac fry were significantly lower than levels measured in Finger Lakes brown trout and rainbow trout. In contrast, there was no difference between the syndrome-positive salmon and Finger Lakes lake trout, possibly because the male char were in starved (postspawned) condition. Regressions of maternal blood or egg thiamine versus maternal weight and length were not significant for salmon that produced syndrome-positive sac fry; yet, a significant inverse relationship was detected for the syndrome-negative salmon from the Adirondack progenitor stock. These findings may reflect the transition of these reference control salmon from a thiaminase-poor invertebrate diet to a piscivorous diet of thiaminase-active smelt <em>Osmerus mordax</em>.

This chapter looks at the new Wharton Studio facility that the Wharton brothers established at Renwick Park (now Stewart Park), at the southern tip of Cayuga Lake. With its lake frontage, gardens, bandstand, pavilions, open air theater, carousel, miniature steam railroad, and trolley connections, the site seemed ideal for their purposes. Best of all, the new facility would give the brothers the space they sorely needed and the opportunity to expand their operation. Once the renovations at the new Renwick Park studio were almost complete and the filming of the third segment of the Elaine serial was finished, the Whartons began planning their next projects. The most ambitious was Get-Rich-Quick-Wallingford, later released under the title The New Adventures of J. Rufus Wallingford (1915). The fourteen-part serial comedy was based on the “Get-Rich-Quick-Wallingford” stories by popular author George Randolph Chester. It was the success of their serial pictures that then inspired the Whartons to try their hand at something new: the production of a feature film. The chapter then considers the film versions of the plays Hazel Kirke (1916), The City (1916), and The Lottery Man (1916).

This chapter considers one of the crudest types of pottery ever produced by the ancient Maya, Coconut Walk Plain, a ware that has been interpreted to have been used in evaporative salt production along coastal lagoons and on Ambergris Caye in Belize. A series of similar types, including Rio Juan Unslipped, spans the Preclassic to the Postclassic periods, linking the long-lived salt trade to coastal communities such as Marco Gonzalez. The authors use recent advances in ceramic petrography to identify an imported temper in these poorly made wares that seems counterintuitive for an expedient pottery vessel. Their research suggests that coastal communities considered the entire bay area as a local resource procurement zone because canoe transport was readily available to procure distant resources.

This chapter recounts Ted Wharton's preparations for his new Wharton studio after cutting his ties to Essanay. The Ithaca Men's Business Association, acting on behalf of the Industrial Commission, offered him, free of charge, two acres on Cayuga Heights and promised improvements on the property. The recruitment efforts paid off: by mid-March of 1914, Ted announced that he and his brother Leo, by then formally his business partner, would base their new moving picture operation in Ithaca. The establishment of the Wharton Studio, one of the first independent production studios in the United States, was in itself a remarkable venture—all the more, given its regional location. Although several major producers had briefly filmed in southern locales, few studios operated beyond the New York metropolitan area, Chicago, and Southern California, where most filmmaking of the time was clustered. Nonetheless, the Whartons believed that, given the advantages of remarkable scenery and reasonable operating costs that Ithaca offered, they could make their studio a success. Adding to their confidence was their extensive background in live theater and their years in the early silent movie industry, which they knew would enable them to draw on contacts from Broadway and from movies for story material and stars.

Spanish documents imply that the Chetumal Bay region acted as a unified force to resist European colonization, yet archaeological data suggest that the experience of the Maya during the fifteenth to the seventeenth century (Late Postclassic through Colonial periods) was highly localized. Some communities, such as at Caye Coco on Progresso Lagoon, were in a state of unstable transition when the Spanish appeared. Their arrival elicited a variety of actions and reactions as local communities attempted to adapt to indirect colonial rule, and these settlements experienced differential rates of colonial control and conversion. In this chapter, the distinct experiences of three indigenous communities at Lamanai, Santa Rita Corozal, and the west shore of Progresso Lagoon are examined.

Solid scintillation proximity membranes were prepared for measuring surface in laboratories contaminated by the all types of radionuclides, such as H-3, C-14, and Cs-137 etc. Polysulfone scintillation proximity membranes were prepared by impregnating Cerium Activated Yttrium Silicate (CAYS),an inorganic fluor, in a membrane structure. The inorganic fluor-impregnated membranes were applied to detect the radioactive surface contamination directly without the aid of a scintillation cocktail. The preparation of membranes was divided into two processes. A supporting polymer film was made of casting solution consisting of polysulfone and solvent, their cast film being solidified by vacuum evaporation. CAYS-dispersed polymer solutions were cast over the first, solidified polymer films and coagulated either by evaporating solvent in the solution with non-solvent in a coagulation bath. The prepared membranes had two distinguished, but tightly attached, double layers: one is the supporting layer of dense polymer film and the other results revealed that the prepared membranes were eficient to monitor radioactive contamination with reliable counting ability. For enhancement of pick-up and measurement efficiency, the membrane was prepared with the condition of different membrane solidification. The scintillation produced by interaction with radiation and CAYS was measured with photomultiplier tube. The test results of the cocktail-free wipe test showed that the prepared membranes were efficient to monitor radionuclide-contaminated areas with the good counting ability as well as with the decrease of overall production of radioactive waste.