Dissertations / Theses: 'CBBA'

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Wright, Andrew William. "Fecundity and oviposition behaviour of the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1986. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/edf20917-cbba-4f3b-b9e0-a68a60e3ed74/1/.

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The reproductive biology of three strains of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), the cowpea-seed beetle, was studied. This beetle is a serious pest of stored legume seeds in the semi-arid tropics. As females aged, energy reserves were depleted and aspects of this decline were related to the number of eggs laid in order to explain the observed daily egg laying pattern of C. macuiatus. Various factors affected the fecundity of females. The initial adult weight of females showed a strong positive relationship with the number of eggs laid. Substances, which could be extracted from cowpeas, were shown to be necessary to allow normal oviposition on an artificial substrate, glass beads. The male contribution to female fecundity was also investigated. Approximately half of the study was concerned with factors which govern a female's choice of oviposition site. The presence of a pheromone which enabled females to distribute their eggs more efficiently among cowpeas was demonstrated. This demonstration necessitated the development of a bioassay using a choice chamber which allowed beetles to choose between cowpeas marked with pheromone and control cowpeas. Using the bioassay, the solubility of the pheromone in different solvents was examined. The persistence of the pheromone over different periods of time was investigated and it was shown that the pheromone can remain active for at least thirty days. In addition to the marking pheromone, the role of physical characteristics of the oviposition substrates was also studied. The surface area and weight of such substrates were shown to affect the choice of oviposition site by females. The results obtained are discussed in the context of previous work on bruchids, particularly models of oviposition behaviour proposed by some workers.

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Hunt, Simon J. "Task allocation and consensus with groups of cooperating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14970.

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The applications for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are numerous and cover a range of areas from military applications, scientific projects to commercial activities, but many of these applications require substantial human involvement. This work focuses on the problems and limitations in cooperative Unmanned Aircraft Systems to provide increasing realism for cooperative algorithms. The Consensus Based Bundle Algorithm is extended to remove single agent limits on the task allocation and consensus algorithm. Without this limitation the Consensus Based Grouping Algorithm is proposed that allows the allocation and consensus of multiple agents onto a single task. Solving these problems further increases the usability of cooperative Unmanned Aerial Vehicles groups and reduces the need for human involvement. Additional requirements are taken into consideration including equipment requirements of tasks and creating a specific order for task completion. The Consensus Based Grouping Algorithm provides a conflict free feasible solution to the multi-agent task assignment problem that provides a reasonable assignment without the limitations of previous algorithms. Further to this the new algorithm reduces the amount of communication required for consensus and provides a robust and dynamic data structure for a realistic application. Finally this thesis provides a biologically inspired improvement to the Consensus Based Grouping Algorithm that improves the algorithms performance and solves some of the difficulties it encountered with larger cooperative requirements.

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Kjellgren, Petra. "Trapphus i träplattform för CBBT." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170010.

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Industrialization of construction is by some considered to be a solution to the building industry's problems about the lack of quality, high production costs, low productivity and poor environmental adaptation. Meanwhile, industrialized construction partly earned a bad reputation after the million housing program. As large-scale projects where promoted during this period, it worked very well to use the technique of construction elements. In the mid seventies though, criticism arose which claimed that the aesthetic qualities had been deprived in the corporates effort to make housing production as efficient as possible. Tyréns, Derome and CBBT (centre for building and housing in wood) cooperates in a development project to develop a building system for 4-8-storey buildings, consisting of three platforms: a technology platform, an IT platform and a processing platform. The technology platform consists of flexible, industrially built flat modules of wood and from this platform the subsystem stairwells, is broken out. The purpose of this thesis is to find an approach to analyze the demands and requirements in the development of stairwells and the goal is then to develop and construct a modular stairwell that meet current requirements and standards, and which solution can be easily integrated with existing building systems. The requirements and wishes have been compiled through literature studies, through the study of the building system, and through interviews with the developers of the building system and suppliers of stairs and elevators. The requirements are then compiled with the help of a simplified variant of the QFD method. The requirements have also been grouped according to whether they apply layout, all modules, walls or ceilings. After the compilation of requirements, new modules for the stairwell was developed. This work has been carried out by developing the existing modules of the construction system. It has brought several advantages. Among other things, as follows: • The number of modules in the build system has been brought down. • It has been easy to see to, that there are functional interface to other modules in the build system. • The new modules have the same manufacturing processes and the same fitting as the other modules in the build system. Calculations have also been made to verify allowable loads in terms of deflections and joints and to check that the fire requirements are met.

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Jusufbegovic, Jasmin, and Johan Ottoson. "Tillämpning av CBA inom sjöfartsnäringen." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57966.

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Cooper, Anita. "Biochemical studies of cytochrome cbb3-type oxidases from pseudomonads." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/10580/.

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The ability of microorganisms to adapt to low oxygen concentrations confers a considerable growth advantage. Furthermore, the colonization of microaerobic environments by pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant clinical issue. The cbb3 cytochrome c oxidases are members of the heme copper oxidase superfamily that regulate microaerobic respiration in diverse Proteobacteria. Cytochrome cbb3 oxidases are composed of four non-identical subunits encoded by one or two ccoNOQP operons. Surprisingly, the CcoP subunit contains a low potential hexacoordinate heme that binds CO in the reduced state following displacement of the distal endogenous ligand. The biochemical significance of CcoP is poorly understood but the cbb3 complex reports the redox status of the cell leading to transcriptional activation of genes involved in energy metabolism via the sensory kinase RegB/RoxS. By expressing the diheme subunit CcoP from the non-pathogenic Pseudomonad, Pseudomonas stutzeri in Escherichia coli, we have now examined the biochemical properties of the CO binding c-type heme. We characterized wild-type and mutant CcoP using mediated redox potentiometry, UVVisible, magnetic circular dichroism, and electron paramagnetic spectroscopies and have clearly identified two low-spin His/His coordinated c-type hemes, with redox potentials of + 185 mV and -15 mV. Examination of the spectral characteristics and oxidase activity of both cbb3 oxidase isoforms from the clinically relevant P. aeruginosa suggested that the cbb3 -1 oxidase has an important metabolic function at high oxygen tensions and the cbb3-2 oxidase has a more significant role under oxygen limiting conditions. In conclusion, our data suggests a prominent function for the CcoP subunit of cytochrome cbb3 oxidases in the adaptive ability of Pseudomonads to colonize diverse environments. Further understanding of this adaptive biochemistry may reveal drugable targets for P. eeruginosa.

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Almström, Peter. "Three essays on transport CBA uncertainty." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Systemanalys och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-163355.

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Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) has for a long time been used in transport planning, but it is often questioned. One main argument against CBA is that the results depend largely on assumptions regarding one or a few input factors, as for example the future fuel price or valuation of CO2 emissions. The three papers included in this thesis investigate some aspects of uncertainty in transport CBA calculations. The two first papers explore how changes in input data assumptions affect the CBA ranking of six rail and road investments in Stockholm. The first paper deals with the effect of different land-use assumptions while the second deals with the influence of economic growth, driving cost and public transport fare. The third paper investigates how alternative formulations of the public transport mode choice and route choice affect travel flows, ticket revenues and consumer surplus. These are important factors previously known to affect CBA results. The findings of the first two papers suggest that CBA results are robust concerning different land-use scenarios and single input factors. No change in rank between a road and a rail object is observed in the performed model calculations, and only one change between two road objects. The fact that CBA results seem robust regarding input assumptions supports the use CBA as a tool for selecting transport investments. The results in the third paper indicate that if there is detailed interest in, for example, number of boardings and ticket income from a certain transit line, or the total benefit of a price change, a more detailed formulation of the public transport mode choice and route choice will provide more reliable results. On the other hand, this formulation requires substantially more data on the transit line and price structure than the conventional formulation used in Swedish transport planning, especially in areas with many different pricing systems.

QC 20150414

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Hagman, Sarah, and Julia Lindberg. "CBA of environmental projects within hydropower." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246132.

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Hydropower is a fundamental pillar in the Swedish energy system and accounts for a large part of the Swedish electricity production. The regulation power is also essential for balancing the grid load. Fortum is one of the leading energy companies within hydropower and Klarälven is a river with high importance, where Fortum owns and operates nine powerplants. These power plants constitute a barrier for the wild salmonids in Klarälven, which need to migrate upstream to reach their spawning area. Since the 1930s, the spawning salmonids have been trapped and transported upstream by lorry. After the spawning period, the smolts and kelts, i.e. the juvenile and spawned salmonids, have to migrate downstream. Due to the lack of fishways, they are forced to pass the eight remaining power plants. This, together with predation, entails a high mortality rate. Two independently performed studies indicates on survival rates of 16 % and 30 %. To stabilize the wild salmonid population, the downstream survival must increase, and a proposed solution is to implement a downstream trap-and-transport solution. This trap implementation could be a step towards the environmental adaptation of hydropower and a part of the action plan proposed in June 2016, during the Agreement on Swedish energy policy. To find the most cost-beneficial environmental measure, a socio-economic assessment method can be used. A Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is a commonly used socio-economic method, which evaluates the benefits and costs during the entire project lifetime. Energiforsk has, within the project FRAM-KLIV, developed a CBA tool that aims to simplify the socio-economic evaluation. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate whether the CBA tool can be used in future permit processes to prioritize between different project proposals to find the most beneficial environmental improvements. In order to evaluate the tool, it was to be applied on the trap-and-transport project in Edsforsen to evaluate the possibility of a socio-economic profitability. Also, the concepts and theory behind CBA was to be analysed and the suitability of translating environmental consequences into monetary values was to be evaluated. In the analysis of Edsforsen, 13 scenarios were developed. The first scenario served as a basis for the other scenarios, which were created as a sensitivity analysis. The result of the CBA showed a large socio-economic benefit and the most important parameter was identified as people’s willingness to pay for an increase of the wild salmonid stock in Klarälven. In the CBA, this parameter had a high uncertainty, as it was based on a survey performed for another project in another part of Sweden. It was found that in order for the socio-economic result to be positive, all households in Sweden must be willing to pay at least 35 SEK. As a complement to the CBA result, an evaluation regarding the marginal cost per fish was performed and an interval of 50-580 SEK per smolt was obtained. However, the calculations were based on several uncertainties and the interval should therefore be interpreted as a guideline rather than a precise result. It was concluded that in situations when a socio-economic analysis is required, and when it is possible to express consequences in monetary values, the method of CBA is appropriate. It is also a suitable methodology for evaluations of large projects, as it provides a comprehensible overview of the costs and the benefits. Despite the criticism directed towards CBA regarding uncertainties and its anthropogenic perspective, it could be concluded that using CBA as a socio-economic assessment method provides a perspicuous and quantitative result. Thus, the usage of CBA in prioritization processes of different environmental measures can be highly useful. Energiforsk’s CBA tool provides a framework with guidelines that can be highly useful and accelerate the analysis process. However, the performance of the tool version used in this thesis was not fully satisfactory due to a few malfunctions. The tool is still under development and it is likely that these errors will be adjusted in future versions. If the malfunctions in the tool would be adjusted, it could become useful for authorities, companies and other actors that wants to evaluate hydropower related environmental measures or when prioritizing between different project proposals to find the most beneficial environmental improvements in future permit processes.
Vattenkraften är en grundläggande pelare i det svenska energisystemet och står för en stor andel av den svenska elproduktionen på årsbasis. Vattenkraften har även hög betydelse för det svenska nätets balanseringsförmåga. Fortum är ett av de ledande energibolagen inom vattenkraft i Sverige och en viktig älv för dess kraftproduktion är Klarälven. Denna älv är dessutom fundamental för Klarälvslaxen och Klarälvsöringen och dess nödvändiga lekvandring. Under naturliga förhållanden ska den lekmogna laxen vandra uppströms Klarälven, men denna vandring försvåras av vattenkraftverken. Sedan 1930-talet har laxen transporterats uppströms Klarälven med lastbil för att nå sina lekområden, men när smolten och kelten ska vandra nedåt för att nå Vänern på nytt måste den passera de resterande åtta vattenkraftverken, vilket tillsammans med predation resulterar i en hög dödlighet. Två oberoende studier indikerar en överlevnad på 16 % respektive 30 %. För att stabilisera det vilda laxbeståndet föreslås en uppfångsanordning med nedströmstransport, där fisken fångas upp i en fälla och transporteras nedströms med lastbil. I juni 2016 beslutades det genom Energiöverenskommelsen att vattenkraften ska miljöanpassas och ett genomförande av en sådan fälla skulle möjligen kunna vara en sådan miljöanpassning. För att finna de mest lönsamma miljöanpassningarna inom vattenkraften bör samhällsekonomiska lönsamhetsbedömningar genomföras. En kostnadsnyttoanalys (CBA) är sådan bedömningsmetod där kostnader och nyttor genererade under projektets livstid ställs mot varandra. Genom projektet FRAM-KLIV har Energiforsk varit med och tagit fram ett CBA-verktyg som ska underlätta genomförandet av en sådan beräkningsanalys. CBA-verktyget användes som ram i det här examensarbetet där en kostnadsnyttoanalys gällande laxens förbättrade nedströmspassage genomfördes och utvärderades. Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att undersöka huruvida detta CBA-verktyg skulle kunna användas i framtida prioriteringar under tillståndsprocesser för att hitta de mest lönsamma miljöanpassningarna. Dessutom skulle bakomliggande koncept och teori analyseras. Tillika skulle en utvärdering gällande lämpligheten i att värdera miljövärden i monetära termer utföras. I arbetet utformades totalt tretton scenarier, varav det första ansågs som grundscenariot och utgjorde basen för de övriga tolv, vilka skapades för att identifiera de mest kritiska parametrarna genom en känslighetsanalys. Kostnadsnyttoanalysens erhållna resultat tydde på en stor samhällsekonomisk lönsamhet och den mest kritiska parametern identifierades som människors betalningsvilja för en ökad vildlaxpopulation i Klarälven. Osäkerheten kring denna parameter var stor då den baserats på en annan projektundersökning i en annan del av landet. För att erhålla ett positivt samhällsekonomiskt resultat visade denna undersökning att det måste finnas en betalningsvilja på minst 35 kr per hushåll i Sverige. Som ett komplement till resultatet utfördes en beräkning gällande hur mycket varje smolt skulle behöva vara värd för att den samhällsekonomiska nyttan ska vara lika stor som kostnaden. Beräkningen gav ett intervall mellan 50 och 580 kr, men då använd data innehöll stora osäkerheter bör resultatet ses mer som en riktlinje och inte ett exakt resultat. En slutsats som kunde dras var att det anses lämpligt att uttrycka miljövärden i monetära värden när en samhällsekonomisk analys är nödvändig. CBA som metod anses också vara lämplig och användbar när större projekt ska analyseras eftersom den ger en bred bild över fördelningen mellan kostnader och nyttor. Metoden förser dessutom användaren med ett lättolkat och överskådligt resultat och därav skulle CBA som metod vara lämplig gällande prioritering av miljönyttor. Energiforsks CBA-verktyg kan underlätta processen i och med att det ger användaren en ram med riktlinjer för hur beräkningsprocessen ska gå till. Verktygsversionen som användes i detta examensarbete uppfyllde dock inte full tillfredsställelse vad gällde dess funktionalitet. Verktyget är visserligen fortfarande under utveckling och det är möjligt att dessa funktionsfel kommer att justeras i framtida versioner. Om dessa justeringar sker kan verktyget komma att bli fullt funktionsdugligt och vara användbart för myndigheter, företag och andra aktörer som vill utvärdera vattenkraftrelaterade miljöåtgärder eller som prioriteringsverktyg gällande miljöförbättringar inom framtida tillståndsprocesser.

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Leary, James E. "Conflict management style in selected CBA churches." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.

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Pun, Jason. "The regulation of expression of the cbpA gene during Dictyostelium development." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39222.pdf.

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Hummler, Madeleine Rose. "The later Iron Age in central-eastern France : the archaeology of the circonscription of Rhone-Alpes between the late Hallstatt and late La Tene periods." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dd55e9be-cb5a-4521-8d4b-157f0bc58ee4.

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This study reviews the evidence for the period spanning from Late Hallstatt to Late La Tène - the 6th to 1st C BC - in the circonscription of Rhône-Alpes, a region of 44 000 km² centred around Grenoble and Lyon. This evidence is presented in a gazetteer of 416 sites, comprising settlements, burials and isolated finds. Since Rhône-Alpes was a contact zone between Massalia and the northern 'barbarian' cultures, the understanding of trade was a research priority. The Rhône corridor was re-assessed in terms of 17 classes of imported artefacts and the indigenous natural and human resources of Central-Eastern France. It is concluded that this well known late Hallstatt trade route continued to develop after its supposed decline in the 5th C BC. It became a rhodanian cultural zone whose form anticipated that of the Provincia Transalpina founded by the Romans in 121 BC. Whealthy fringe settlements show how the boundary of this rhodanian cultural zone gradually moved northwards. Fortified settlements are mainly represented by the stone-built hillforts of the South and West. Generally, their interiors are not yet well documented, but certain characteristic structures - for example granaries and sanctuaries - were noticed. Amongst lowland settlements, a few began in the Middle La Tène as market centres. They then figured prominently in the Italian wine trade and were later still to become roman towns. Burial sites fall into 14 regional burial groups with varied funerary rites. In the rich and idiosyncratic alpine sector there is an opportunity to observe not only external contacts but also the movement of indigenous artefacts from valley to valley. Among general recommendations for further research are the definition of regional pottery groups, the characterisation of the 3rd C BC and the scientific investigation of a middle-Rhône hillfort. A case is made for independent dating evidence and less reliance on historical models.

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Welch, Kate. "Expressions of grief on the early modern stage." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bc057f32-cb0a-4e30-8575-44947e3a4c12.

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This thesis investigates the ways mourning was performed on the early modern stage. "Expressions of Grief on the Early Modern Stage" re-evaluates widely accepted accounts of theatrical and literary mourning, intervening in two major debates. The first is the extent to which theatrical mourning is an expression of mourning for a Catholic past, a familiar account that is complicated by asking what happens when mourning is future-oriented, rehearsing for a death still to come. The second intervention disrupts the notion of a linear progression from stoical, anti-grief attitudes to increasing sympathy for mourners by revealing a variety of responses to staged mourning across this time period. I identified seventy-eight plays from 1580-1642 that feature extended or notable scenes of mourning, and created a database to track accompanying gestures, associated playing companies, playhouses, and playwrights, and dates of composition and performance (when known). The thesis focuses on four aspects of the dramaturgy of mourning that emerged from this research: mourning as preemptive or strategic; mourning displaced by revenge; mourning performed as explicitly false; and, throughout, the way mourning deploys the vertical axis of the stage structure and the actor's body. The following chapters examine mourning through the specific gestures of prostration and kneeling, through motion (the rising and falling in the history plays as revenge takes the place of mourning), and the metadramatic bracketing of mourning in fake funerals. Examining specific gestures and the use of the stage space, reveals the way mourning was performed both "out of joint" - that is, out of the expected time sequence - and "out of place", using verticality in unexpected ways, lowering the body to take control of the gaze and the dramatic moment; framing 'above' as strategically advantageous while the confined theatrical space forces the actors to descend. Analysing prostration scenes in George Peele's David and Bethsabe and in Titus Andronicus reveals additional substantiation for Peele's role as a collaborator with Shakespeare. Looking at the three parts of Henry VI through the thematic lens of mourning contributes to the debate over the order of composition, offering tentative support for the 1-2-3 sequence. Tracking fake funerals over this time period revealed a sharp increase in this device after 1603, which the final chapter suggests is related to anxieties over public performances of mourning after Elizabeth I's death and one of the worst plague years on record. Performances of theatrical mourning thus occur displaced in time, preemptive requests for a death not to happen rather than the belated wish to bring the dead back to life. Mourning in the theatre occurs out of place: testing classbased mourning scripts; moving up and down the vertical axis of the stage; performing a transitory state of emotion through transitory gestures; deploying submissive poses that turn out to hold surprising theatrical and strategic power.

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Pilcher, Robert S. "Biochemical and spectroscopic studies of cytochrome cbbâ‚ƒ oxidase from Pseudomonas stutzeri." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268506.

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Hallgren, Joseph, Kristján Sigurbjörnsson, and Jr Twan Black. "The Relationship Between Brand Related UGC and CBBE : An Internet Meme Experiment." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76001.

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Background: The modern day era of the Internet gave birth to the growing phenomenon of Internet memes (IM), a type of online user generated content (UGC) (Gangadharbatla, 2008). Now marketers have begun researching the relationship between UGC and consumer based brand equity (CBBE) (Christodoulides et.al, 2012; Rachna and Khajuria, 2017). The problem discussion presents the issue of the diminishing control of brand equity due to the rise of UGC and lack of research on how to manage its influence (Morrison et al., 2013). Leading to the purpose of this thesis, which is to determine the impact Internet memes have on consumer based brand equity. Literature: The review presents two leading contributors to the field, Aaker’s (1991) framework on the different dimensions of CBBE and Keller’s (1993) definition of the concept. In addition recent studies on UGC and brand equity provided the basis for hypothesis development. Method: This thesis assumed a deductive research approach, developing the hypothesis from current literature in the field. A quantitative study, that utilized an explanatory research approach, because it best suited the experimental design. As for the data collection method, surveys were considered (Saunders et al., 2016), which the authors designed as a self-completion questionnaire and pre-tested (Bryman and Bell, 2015). Convenience sampling was chosen to select participants (Hernon, 2004). Construct and content validity was used along with homogeneity and stability to control reliability and measure the quality of research instruments (Bryman and Bell, 2015). SPSS version 25 was used to conduct all statistical analyses. Results: Four hypotheses were developed, to measure the effect of the independent variable IM on each of the four CBBE dimensions. To summarize, three of the hypothesis (H1, H3 and H4) were rejected as the difference in the means are not significant enough and can be explained by chance. The effect on brand association (H2) was however found to be significant therefore H2 was accepted.

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Pawlik, Grzegorz. "Assembly and maturation of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase in Rhodobacter capsulatus." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF070.

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Dans cette thèse, le processus d'assemblage ainsi que la maturation du cytochrome c oxydase de type cbb3 (cbb3-Cox) ont été étudiés dans la proteobactérie phototrophique pourpe non soufrée Rhodobacter capsulatus. R. capsulatus contient une chaîne de transfert d'électrons très ramifiée et represente un modèle d’organisme très utilisé dans l'étude des processus respiratoires et photosynthétiques.Les cbb3-Coxs spécifiques des bactéries représentent la deuxième catégorie la plus abondante des cytochromes c oxydases après le type Cox-aa3, mais n'ont jusqu'à présent pas été étudiées en détail. Récemment, la première structure cristalline cbb3-Cox de P. stutzeri a été obtenue, fournissant ainsi une avancée majeure invitant à des etudes plus détaillées sur le mécanisme catalytique et le processus d'assemblage. Les études sur les procédés d'assemblage et de maturation sont d'une très grande importance en raison du fait que de nombreux agents pathogènes humains tels que Helicobacter pylori, Neisseria meningitidis ou Campylobacter jejuni utilisent ce type de Cox, ce qui par conséquent pourrait amener a développer une interessante cible thérapeutique.Cbb3-Cox dans R. capsulatus est encodé par le gène opéron ccoNOQP codant quatre protéines membranaires constitutives de cbb3-Cox. CcoP et CcoO sont des cytochromes de type c, contenant des motifs périplasmiques fixés à l’hème. CcoN est la sous-unité centrale catalytique contenant deux molécules d’hèmes de type b et un ion cuivre. L’étude de la distribution de l’ion Cu à la sous-unité CcoN et l'assemblage des quatre sous-unités dans le complexe actif cbb3-Cox complexe sont les thèmes principaux de ce travail.Ici, le rôle du facteur d'assemblage putatif CcoH, sa structure et son interaction avec cbb3-Cox ont été étudiés en détail. CcoH est une petite protéine membranaire codé dans le groupe de gènes ccoGHIS situé à proximité des gènes codant cbb3-Cox. L'analyse in vivo de la formation de cbb3-Cox dans une souche ne contenant pas le facteur CcoH a montré une absence totale de cbb3-Cox. De même, la stabilité du facteur CcoH a été considérablement altérée dans une souche avec deletion du gene ccoNOQP. La dépendance mutuelle des deux protéines suggère leur interaction directe, ce qui a été confirmé par la photoréticulation directe de CcoH à la sous-unité CcoN, l’immunodétection de CcoH dans les cbb3-Cox complexes sur gels Blue Native, la co-purification par marquage CcoH-cbb3-Cox et le marquage radioactive in vitro des complexes cbb3-Cox avec CcoH.[...]
In this thesis, the assembly and maturation process of the cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase (cbb3-Cox) was studied in the purple-non-sulphur phototrophic α-proteobacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. R. capsulatus contains a highly branched electron-transfer chain and is a well studied model organism for investigating respiratory and photosynthetic processes.The bacteria-specific cbb3-Coxs represent the second most abundant class of cytochrome c oxidases after the aa3-type Cox, but have so far not been investigated in much detail. Recently, the first crystal structure of cbb3-Cox from P. stutzeri was obtained, providing a major breakthrough and inviting detailed studies on the catalytic mechanism and the assembly process. Studies on the assembly and maturation processes are of wide significance due to the fact that many human pathogens like Helicobacter pylori, Neisseria meningitides or Campylobacter jejuni use this type of Cox and it therefore might develop into an attractive drug-target. cbb3-Cox in R. capsulatus is encoded by the ccoNOQP gene operon which codes for four membrane proteins constituting cbb3-Cox. CcoP and CcoO are c-type cytochromes, containing periplasmic heme-binding motifs. CcoN is the central catalytic subunit which contains two b-type hemes and a copper ion. Investigating the delivery of Cu to the CcoN subunit and the assembly of all four subunits into the active cbb3-Cox complex were the main topics of this work. Here the role of the putative assembly factor CcoH, its structure and interaction with cbb3-Cox was investigated in detail. CcoH is a small membrane protein encoded in the ccoGHIS gene cluster located adjacent to the genes coding for cbb3-Cox. In vivo analysis of cbb3-Cox formation in a strain lacking ccoH showed the total absence of cbb3-Cox. Likewise, the stability of CcoH was drastically impaired in a ccoNOQP deletion strain. The mutual dependency of both proteins suggested their direct interaction, which was confirmed by site-directed photocrosslinking of CcoH to the CcoN subunit, by immunodetection of CcoH in cbb3-Cox complexes on Blue Native gels, by CcoH-cbb3-Cox co-purification and by in vitro labelling of cbb3-Cox complexes with radioactively labelled CcoH.[...]

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15

Summers, Ryan Michael. "Metabolism, enzymology, and genetic characterization of caffeine degradation by pseudomonas putida CBB5." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3389.

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A novel caffeine-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas putida CBB5 was isolated from the soil by an enrichment procedure using caffeine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. CBB5 grew not only on caffeine, theobromine, paraxanthine, and 7-methylxanthine as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, but also on theophylline and 3-methylxanthine. Analyses of metabolites in spent media, resting cell suspensions, and crude cell extracts confirmed that CBB5 degraded caffeine via N-demethylation to theobromine (major metabolite) and paraxanthine (minor metabolite). These dimethylxanthines were further N-demethylated to xanthine via 7-methylxanthine. A previously unreported pathway for N-demethylation of theophylline to 1- and 3-methylxanthines, followed by further N-demethylation to xanthine, was also discovered in CBB5. A 240 kDa, Fe2+-dependent N-demethylase (Ndm) was purified from CBB5 by traditional chromatographic techniques. Ndm was composed of NdmA (40 kDa) and NdmB (35 kDa), which could not be resolved further. Ndm was active only in the presence of a partially purified protein which exhibited cytochrome c reductase activity (Ccr). Ccr transfered reducing equivalents from NAD(P)H to Ndm, which catalyzed an oxygen-dependent N-demethylation of methylxanthines to xanthine, formaldehyde and water. Ndm displayed N-demethylation activity toward all substrates in the caffeine and theophylline metabolic pathways. Ndm was deduced to be a Rieske [2Fe-2S]-domain-containing non-heme iron oxygenase base on its distinct absorption spectrum and significant identity of NdmA and NdmB sequences of other Rieske non-heme iron proteins. The ndmA- and ndmB- gene sequences were determined and cloned individually into the pET32a expression vector as C-terminal His-tagged proteins. Both NdmA-His and NdmB-His proteins were purified using a Ni-NTA column. NdmA-His, in conjunction with Ccr, was capable of N-demethylating caffeine, theophylline, paraxanthine, and 1-methylxanthine to theobromine, 3-methylxanthine, 7-methylxanthine, and xanthine, respectively, suggesting that NdmA-His is a specific N-1-demethylase. Similarly, NdmB-His was determined to be a specific N-3-demethylase, as it was capable of N-demethylating caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, and 3-methylxanthine to paraxanthine, 1-methylxanthine, 7-methylxanthine, and xanthine, respectively. N-demethylation activity of 7-methylxanthine to xanthine (putative NdmC) co-eluted with the partially purified Ccr fraction. This is the first report of multiple, highly positional-specific, Rieske, non-heme iron N-demethylase enzymes for bacterial metabolism of purine alkaloids.

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Simeoni, Isabella, and Matilda Näsman. "Branding Swedish Business Schools : A qualitative study on how Customer-based brand equity creates value for a Swedish Business School's Brand." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-104323.

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In this current day and age, developing brands is increasingly important. Universities have started to realise the potential benefits that exists from having a strong brand and have therefore started to invest resources in branding. Even though research within this field is present, not much have been conducted on the Swedish market. Comparing to research that is out there, the Swedish Higher Education industry differs, as most Universities and Business Schools in Sweden are public authorities. This research aims to contribute with additional insights for Swedish Business Schools by studying brand equity and understanding how the brand is perceived both from the perspective of the University and that of the students. In order to reach the purpose stated, we developed our own figure based on previous acknowledged theories. The components that we chose to include were brand awareness, brand image, points of parity (POP), points of difference (POD), reputation and self-image. We interviewed 12 students currently enrolled at Umeå School of Business and Economics as well as one representative of the Business School. After thoroughly analysing the results we could conclude that brand awareness currently creates less value to the brand, in comparison to brand image. Looking at the differences in the perception of the Business School brand some components differed more than others. The Business School and the students perceived the overall position of the Business School as well as the general reputation the same. The brand image, as well as POP and POD, was perceived differently between the two. This research also found some managerial implications. Since brand image currently creates more value than brand awareness, Business Schools have a possibility to differentiate by focusing more on brand awareness. We also found that benefits of the Business School, specifically experiential benefits should be marketed towards prospective students.

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17

Paiva, Jacqueline Boldrin de [UNESP]. "Infecção de aves por mutantes de Salmonella sorotipos gallinarum, pullorum e enteritidis com deleção nos genes cobS E cbiA." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94954.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Salmonella enterica sorotipo Typhimurium sintetiza cobalamina (Vitamina B12) apenas sobre condições anaeróbicas. Dois porcento do genoma da S. Typhimurium é dedicado a reações dependentes de vitamina B12 como cofator, sua síntese e absorção. Neste estudo nós preparamos mutantes de Salmonella sorotipos Enteritidis, Gallinarum e Pullorum duplo defectivos na biossintese de cobalamina, cepas ΔcobSΔcbiA. A virulência destes mutantes foi comparada com as respectivas cepas selvagens e, nenhuma deficiência na capacidade de causar doença foi observada para as cepas de S. Enteritidis ΔcobSΔcbiA e S. Pullorum ΔcobSΔcbiA. S. Gallinarum ΔcobSΔcbiA por sua vez, mostrou atenuação total. Posteriormente nós testamos a produção de B12 pelas cepas mutantes e selvagens já descritas, e incluímos neste estudo a cepa de S. Typhimurium ΔcobSΔcbiA, e sua respectiva cepa selvagem. Todas as cepas mutantes não tiveram produção de B12 detectada. As cepas selvagens mostraram produção de vitamina B12 em ambos os ensaios utilizados, com exceção da S. Gallinarum que não apresentou produção de cobalamina in vitro. Como conclusão, a produção de vitamina B12 in vitro diferiu entre os sorotipos de Salmonella testados, a deleção dos genes cbiA e cobS produziu alteração na relação parasita hospedeiro em diferentes níveis entre os sorotipos de Salmonella estudados, sendo que esta foi muito maior entre o sorotipo Gallinarum e as aves.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium only synthesizes cobalamin (Vitamin B12) during anaerobiosis. Two-percent of the S. Typhimurium genome is devoted to the synthesis and uptake of Vitamin B12 and to B12-dependent reactions. In order to understand the requirement from cobalamin synthesis better, we constructed Salmonella serovar Gallinarum, Salmonella serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella serovar Pullorum mutants that are double-defective in cobalamin biosynthesis (ΔcobSΔcbiA). We compared the virulence of these mutants to that of their respective wild type strains and found no impairment in S. Enteritidis ΔcobSΔcbiA and S. Pullorum ΔcobSΔcbiA ability to cause disease in chickens. S. Gallinarum ΔcobSΔcbiA mutant showed attenuated for chickens. We then assessed B12 production by these mutants and their respective wild type strains, as well as S. Typhimurium ΔcobSΔcbiA, and their respective wild type strain. All mutants were unable to produce detectable B12. B12 was detectable in wild type strains, but, S. Gallinarum demonstrated no in vitro cobalamin production. In conclusion, the production of vitamin B12 in vitro differed across the Salmonella serotypes that were tested. Furthermore, the deletion of the cbiA and cobS genes resulted in an alteration in the relationship between the serotype Gallinarum and the birds more stronger than did to the others serotypes.

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18

Bäckström, Magnus. "Betydelsen av analysverktyg vid transportinvestering : En fallstudie av två förbifarter." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79989.

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Syftet med denna undersökning är att analysera och jämföra två olika CBA-verktyg där graden av komplexitet skiljer sig, för att identifiera eventuella skillnader med avseende på det samhällsekonomiska beräkningsbara resultatet som dessa två verktyg genererar. Fallstudie är den valda metoden för att undersöka examensarbetets syfte och författaren applicerar sedan en jämförande analys vars syfte är att jämföra det samhällsekonomiska beräkningsbara resultatet från två förbifartskalkyler på väg utförda med två olika CBA-verktyg inom Trafikverket där graden av komplexitet skiljer sig åt. Studien är avgränsad till två förbifartskalkyler på väg som sedan tidigare har genomgått samhällsekonomisk analys på uppdrag av Trafikverket. Det empiriska resultatet indikerar att val av CBA-verktyg som kan användas för liknande objektsanalyser verkar ha en betydelsefull inverkan på det samhällsekonomiska beräkningsbara resultatet. Trafikverket rekommenderas att se över rådande riktlinjer över val av CBA-verktyg och utföra jämförbara analyser av objekt där verktygsvalet inte är tydligt från början.

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19

Rudeklint, Hanna. "Kostnadsnyttoanalys för malmtransporter från Kaunisvaara." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84630.

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Examensarbetet går ut på att göra en kostnadsnyttoanalys för de olika transportmöjligheterna som finns för malmtransporterna från den nya gruva som ska öppna vid Kaunisvaara i Norrbottens län. Företaget Northland Resources planerar att påbörja brytning under 2012 för att under första halvan av 2013 börja transportera ut malm till Narvik och därefter skeppa ut det från hamnen. De första åren handlar det om brytning av ca 1-4 miljoner ton malm per år, men siktet är inställt på att redan 2017 vara uppe i full produktion av 4,7 miljoner ton malm per år. På grund av företagets brytning kommer ökningen av vägtransporter mellan främst Kaunisvaara och Svappavaara (där omlastning till järnväg sker) öka markant. För att bibehålla ett fungerande transportnät bör transportinfrastrukturen utökas på ett eller annat sätt, och ett bra sätt att utreda vilka/vilket alternativ som blir bäst för hela samhället är att göra en kostnadsnyttoanalys. Examensarbetet är inriktat främst på att göra en analys över transportalternativen järnväg eller elväg, jämfört med referensalternativet baserat på vanlig väg med konventionella lastbilar. För att få ett säkrare resultat kommer även examensarbetet ha inslag av Monte-Carlo-simulering, detta för att kunna täcka osäkerheterna i analysen på ett bättre sätt. Inledningsvis görs en grundkalkyl, för att därefter återupprepa kalkylen, men istället för enskilda siffror för vissa osäkra effekter används istället sannolikhetsfördelningar som sedan slumpar fram siffror i ett relevant intervall. På så sätt kan man få många utfall som tillsammans bildar ett resultat som täcker in många olika fall. Resultatet ur den ursprungliga kalkylen ger elväg som mest lönsamt alternativ baserat på nettonuvärdeskvot. Däremot är nettonuvärdet för järnvägsalternativet ca 1,7 miljarder högre än för elväg, vilket gör att järnvägen är mest lönsam enligt detta resultatsmått. Efter simulering höjs lönsamheten för elvägsalternativet och alternativet blir mest lönsamt oavsett resultatsmått. Rekommendationen är dock att på det stora hela betrakta järnvägsalternativet som det alternativ som bör genomföras, då osäkerheten är stor för olika parametrar i elvägsalternativet och lönsamhetsmåtten inkluderar inte omlastningseffekterna som uppkommer vid Svappavaara.
The purpose of this thesis is to do a Cost/Benefit analysis (CBA) treating the iron ore transports that follow the opening of the mine just outside the village Kaunisvaara in the northern part of Sweden. The mine and prospect company Northland Resources plan to start the mining in the fall of 2012 and the first iron ore transports are scheduled to the beginning of 2013. The mining company will use the port in Narvik, Norway, as their shipping point, which will radically increase the number of transports between Kaunisvaara and Narvik. In the opening years, Northland Resources plan to have an output of 1-4 million tonnes of iron ore per year until 2017. After that, the company has planned a full production rate of 4,7 million tonnes per year until at least 2037, since the company has secured production for a minimum of 25 years. The transport route to the port in Narvik consists of both railway and country road. The first part, between the mine around Kaunisvaara to Svappavaara, consists only of country road, while the rest of the way from Svappavaara to Narvik will depend on railway traffic. The country roads are not dimensioned for the amount of truck traffic that is required to transport all of the iron ore (a truck every seventh minute), therefore a CBA is a good way to map out how different solutions will affect the welfare of society. This CBA will treat alternatives concerning railway and electric roads, matched against a traditional truck traffic solution. To gain a more reliable result, the sensitivity analysis will include Monte Carlo simulation, in order to cover the uncertainties in the calculation in a better way. In the simulation, some distinct figures are replaced by probability distributions. The basic calculation is recalculated 1500 times, based on the random figures generated in accordance with the particular probability distribution for every effect. The basic calculation shows that the electric road alternative generate the most welfare relative to investment cost, while the railway alternative would have increased the welfare about 1,7 billion SEK more than the electric road alternative, purely in monetary effects. After simulation, the electric road alternative was found the most profitable for society. Although, since the transhipment costs from truck to railway at Svappavaara are not included in the calculation, the conclusion is that the railway alternative is the recommended alternative based on the results of this thesis.

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20

Kyllingstad, Helena. "From Commission to Decision : Perspectives on CBA in transport planning." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129316.

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Economic analysis is often employed for the purpose of efficient decision-making and allocation of societies’ resources and has been utilized in the Swedish national infrastructure planning since the 1960’s. The topic of this report is the utilisation of CBA in investigating the benefits and costs of transport investments in Sweden and its consequent role as a decision basis. It is the study of various actors’ perspectives on CBA itself, and not least its role within Swedish transport-planning. On the one hand the study concerns the actors interpretation of the current practice, on the other; their perspectives of how CBA ideally should be utilized. The purpose of the study is to be able to, by combining existing ideas, insights and competences in ways which can bridge the diverse perspectives, increase awareness concerning the utilisation and role of CBA in Swedish transport planning. The goal is not to argue against the use of CBA as a method or decision basis, nor to study the technicalities of the method, but rather, it is an attempt to make sense of CBA through the interpretation of various actors’ perspectives from commission to decision. Two main research questions are put forth to lead towards this purpose: First, how does the understanding of CBA vary among actors? And secondly, how can CBA be utilised to its full potential in transport planning?
Ekonomisk analys används ofta för att uppnå ett effektivt beslutsfattande och fördelning av samhällets resurser, i den svenska nationella infrastrukturplaneringen har de nyttjats sedan 1960-talet. Ämnet för denna rapport är användningen av CBA för att utreda nyttor och kostnader av transportinvesteringar i Sverige och dess åtföljande roll som beslutsunderlag. Det är en studie av olika aktörers perspektiv på samhällsekonomisk analys (CBA), och inte minst dess roll inom svenskt transportplanering. Å ena sidan gäller studien olika aktörers tolkning av nuvarande praxis, å andra sidan deras perspektiv på hur CBA helst bör användas. Syftet med studien är att, genom en kombination av befintliga idéer, insikter och kompetenser på ett sätt som kan överbrygga olika perspektiv, öka medvetenheten om användningen och betydelsen av CBA i svensk transportplanering. Målet är inte att argumentera mot användningen av CBA som metod eller beslutsunderlag, inte heller att studera de tekniska aspekterna av metoden, studien syftar snarare att försöka skapa förståelse för CBA genom tolkning av olika aktörers perspektiv från beställning till beslut. Två huvudsakliga forskningsfrågor lyfts fram för att leda mot detta syfte: För det första, hur varierar förståelsen av CBA mellan aktörerna? Och för det andra, hur kan CBA utnyttjas till sin fulla potential i transportplaneringen?

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21

Shih, Mei-Fen. "Ethanol consumption and adipose tissue lipase activity in CBA mice." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296692.

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22

Mazza, Graziella. "Antibody responses to Schistosoma mansoni in the CBA/N mouse." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303138.

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23

Carvalho, Maira Bueno de 1979. "Biotecnologia, Estado e Poder na Amazonia : o caso CBA-Manaus." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279803.

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Orientador: Mauro William Barbosa de Almeida
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar os eventos associados à constituição do Programa Brasileiro de Ecologia Molecular para o Uso Sustentável da Biodiversidade da Amazônia (PROBEM) e do Centro de Biotecnologia da Amazônia (CBA) e a crise que se abateu sobre esses projetos. A nossa hipótese principal é que as práticas científicas relacionadas à informação genética e à biotecnologia são também práticas de poder e envolvem relações de poder. Mais especificamente, queremos com este trabalho entender os conflitos entre interesses regionais, nacionais e internacionais no uso da biodiversidade pela biotecnologia, abordando a disposição das hierarquias dentro do campo científico, numa relação entre centros mundiais e o Brasil, e entre Brasil e Amazônia. Procuramos mostrar, através de um estudo etnográfico da ciência, combinado ao estudo de documentos e entrevistas, como a política nacional de biotecnologia no país não apenas envolve disputas pelo capital científico, conectadas a uma rede científico-tecnológica em escala mundial, mas está subordinada a uma hierarquização que é parte integrante da universalização de um pensamento e de uma prática científica que estão intimamente ligados à mundialização do capitalismo
Abstract: The goal of this research is to study the events surrounding the creation of the Brazilian Molecular Ecology Program for the Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Amazonia (PROBEM) and the Center for Biotechnology in the Amazon (CBA), and the crisis that fell upon those projects. Our main hypothesis is that scientific practices related to genetical information and to biotechnology are also power practices and involve power relations. More specifically, we want to understand how conflicts between regional, national and international interests biotechnogical uses of biodiversity are inflected by hierarchies within the scientific field, relating on the one hand world centers and Brazil, and Brazil and Amazonia on the other hand. By means of an ethnographic study of science, combined to documental research and interviews with scientists, we propose to show how Brazilian biotechnology policies involve disputes over scientific capital and is connected to a world-wide scientific-technological network; we also want to show how they are part of a world-scale hierarchyzation of science which is part and parcel of the universalization of a mode of thought intimately linked to the universalization of capitalism
Mestrado
Natureza, Tecnologia e Cultura
Mestre em Antropologia

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24

Adamo, Timothy M. "Twistor actions for gauge theory and gravity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9749662e-cbb3-4f6e-b81c-4ee17ba752fa.

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We first consider four-dimensional gauge theory on twistor space, taking as a case study maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. Using a twistor action functional, we show that gauge theory scattering amplitudes are naturally computed on twistor space in a manner that is much more efficient than traditional space-time Lagrangian techniques at tree-level and beyond. In particular, by rigorously studying the Feynman rules of a gauge-fixed version of the twistor action, we arrive at the MHV formalism. This provides evidence for the naturality of computing scattering amplitudes in twistor space as well as an alternative proof of the MHV formalism itself. Next, we study other gauge theory observables in twistor space including gauge invariant local operators and Wilson loops, and discuss how to compute their expectation values with the twistor action. This enables us to provide proofs for the supersymmetric correlation function / Wilson loop correspondence as well as conjectures on mixed Wilson loop - local operator correlators at the level of the loop integrand. Furthermore, the twistorial formulation of such observables is naturally algebro-geometric; this leads to novel recursion relations for computing mixed correlators by performing BCFW-like deformations of the observables in twistor space. Finally, we apply these twistor actions to gravity. Using the on-shell equivalence between Einstein and conformal gravity in de Sitter space, we argue that the twistor action for conformal gravity should encode the tree-level graviton scattering amplitudes of Einstein's theory. We prove this in terms of generating functionals, and derive the flat space MHV amplitude as well as a recursive version of the MHV amplitude with cosmological constant. We also include some discussion of super-connections and Coulomb branch regularization on twistor space.

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Thompson, Carol Denise. "A comparison of the 1S-2S and 2S-4P frequencies in atomic hydrogen." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5a6057aa-cbb6-4e1a-9c65-f44a1b9bf888.

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An experiment has been carried out to compare directly the frequencies of the 1S_1/2-2S_1/2 and 2S_1/2-4P_1/2 transitions in atomic hydrogen and hence obtain a value for the 1S_1/2 Lamb shift. It is the first of a new generation of 1S_1/2 Lamb shift experiments which are much less dependent on external frequency standards than earlier work [1,2] because no absolute measurement of the 1S_1/2-2S_1/2 frequency is required. This pilot experiment gave a result of 8167(10) MHz for the 1S_1/2 Lamb shift. The 1S_1/2-2S_1/2 transition was excited by two-photon Doppler-free spectroscopy. The necessary radiation at 243 nm was generated by intra-cavity frequency doubling with a crystal of Î²-barium borate (BBO) placed inside a ring dye laser operating at 486 nm. For the first time, the 1S_1/2-2S_1/2 transition was excited in an atomic beam, thereby removing the uncertainties inherent in cell experiments and generating an optically-excited beam of metastable (2S_1/2) hydrogen atoms. The single-photon 2S_1/2-4P_1/2 transition was excited by radiation at 486 nm from a second ring dye laser, incident transversely on the optically excited metastable beam. The small frequency difference (~ 4.7 GHz) between the fundamental output of the doubled laser and that of the second laser when both were on resonance was directly measured using a stabilised optical cavity. From this measured frequency interval, the value quoted above for the 1S_1/2 Lamb shift was obtained. The result is in agreement with theory and is considerably more precise than that obtained from earlier direct comparisons of 1S_1/2-2S_1/2 and Balmer-Î² [3]. The error on the result was largely due to the limited amount of data available. However, the aim of the experiment was to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. This has been achieved and considerable improvements in precision should be possible in the future.

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Rahemtulla, Shadaab Haiderali. "Through the eyes of justice : a comparative study of liberationist and women's readings of the Qur'an." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0e50f386-cbb7-402f-9ddd-64e18ce53788.

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The shari‘a, or the inherited legal tradition, has tended to dominate discussions of contemporary Islam. Relatively little attention has been given to the Qur’an, however, despite its importance both in terms of Muslim theology, in which it is understood as the actual Word of God, and of Islamic reformist thought. Far from being marginal, the Qur’an has emerged as a rich resource for theological reflection and sociopolitical action. Specifically, it has become a source of empowerment, speaking to contexts of oppression. This thesis examines the commentaries of four Muslim intellectuals who have expounded the Qur’an as a liberating text – namely, the South African Farid Esack (b. 1956), the Indian Asghar Ali Engineer (b. 1939), the American Amina Wadud (b. 1952) and the Pakistani Asma Barlas (b. 1950) – supplemented by in-depth interviews. In so doing, this study seeks (i) to fill a major gap in the literature by offering the first comprehensive survey and analysis of their readings and (ii) to challenge common portrayals of justice-based exegesis as being an obscure, fundamentalist scripturalism; as being rooted in North America; and as being focussed primarily, even exclusively, on gendered oppression. Indeed, the centring of the Qur’an in Islamic thought, I argue, is an increasingly mainstream practice – a global hermeneutic – as Muslims throughout the world seek answers in scripture to the pressing problems of the present. Furthermore, justice-based exegesis has been holistic, addressing (in addition to patriarchy) poverty and racism, communal violence and imperialism. Liberationist and women’s readings are significant, I conclude, for two reasons. Firstly, they shed new insights into the rise of ‘thematic commentary’ (tafsir mawdu‘i) in Qur’anic exegesis. Secondly, their expressly political character exposes the hegemony of Islamism over our understanding of ‘the political’ and ‘the radical’ in an Islamic context, thereby forcing us to redefine political and radical Islam.

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Schröder, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Hans-Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Koch. "Die Funktion von SenC für die Assemblierung der Cytochrom cbb3 Oxidase in Rhodobacter capsulatus." Freiburg : Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/112347253X/34.

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Lerner-Ellis, Jordan. "The molecular characterization of inborn errors of vitamin B₁₂ metabolism : cblA, cblB and cblC." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111863.

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This work investigates the molecular basis of three genetic diseases of vitamin B12 metabolism: cblA, cblB and cblC. Two genes responsible for isolated forms of methylmalonic aciduria types cblA and cblB, called MMAA and MMAB respectively, were recently identified. We sequenced the coding sequence and flanking regions of the MMAA and MMAB genes from the gDNA of 37 cblA and 35 cblB patient cell lines and identified 31 novel mutations in total. The biochemical properties of these cell lines were examined in cell culture. Haplotype analysis was used to investigate the history of mutations. The occurrence of both rare and common mutations were identified. Attempts were made to make genotype-phenotype correlations and to understand the effects of mutations on protein function. In the MMAA gene 18 novel mutations were identified, eight of which were common to two or more individuals. One mutation, c.433C>T represented 43% of pathogenic alleles and a common haplotype was identified. Diagnostic tests were designed for every mutation identified. In the MMAB gene, 13 novel mutations were identified. Most mutations were clustered in exon 7. One mutation, c.556C>T accounted for 33% of pathogenic alleles, associated with disease presentation in the first year of life, was observed on a common haplotype and seen almost exclusively in European individuals. We used a combination of linkage, sibling pair, homozygosity mapping and haplotype analyses to refine the disease locus and identify the gene responsible for cblC disease on chromosome 1p called MMACHC. We examined the gDNA of 244 cblC patient cell lines and identified 42 different mutations. The large number of patient samples allowed for the identification of specific genotype phenotype correlations. Of the mutations with elevated frequency in the patients examined, the c.271dupA and c.331C>T mutations were associated with early onset disease whereas c.394C>T was associated with late onset disease. Other missense mutations were also associated with onset of disease later in life. Seven mutations showed clustering by ethnicity. Eight SNPs were identified spanning the gDNA of the MMACHC gene and allowing for the identification of specific haplotypes and the determination of recurrent vs common mutations. Infection of the wild-type MMACHC gene into cblC patient fibroblast cell lines showed correction of the cellular phenotype. Examination of EST databases and northern blot analysis demonstrated MMACHC is ubiquitously expressed in humans with higher levels in fetal liver. Multiple sequence alignment of genomic DNA in eukaryotes and of the polypeptide sequence demonstrated that MMACHC is well conserved in eukaryotes. Two functional domains were identified in the MMACHC gene product by comparison with bacterial genes involved in vitamin B12 related functions: a putative vitamin B 12 binding domain and a TonB-like domain. Molecular modeling demonstrated that the C-terminal region of the gene product folds similarly to TonB from E. coli and suggesting that the C-terminal region of MMACHC may function in a similar manner.

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Harrington, Kimberly Stacy. "Intranuclear Trafficking of RUNX/AML/CBFA/PEBP2 Transcription Factors in Living Cells: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2003. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/104.

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The family of runt related transcription factors (RUNX/Cbfa/AML/PEBP2) are essential for cellular differentiation and fetal development. RUNX factors are distributed throughout the nucleus in punctate foci that are associated with the nuclear matrix/scaffold and generally correspond with sites of active transcription. Truncations of RUNX proteins that eliminate the C-terminus including a 31-amino acid segment designated the nuclear matrix targeting signal (NMTS) lose nuclear matrix association and result in lethal hematopoietic (RUNX1) and skeletal (RUNX2) phenotypes in mice. These findings suggest that the targeting of RUNX factors to subnuclear foci may mediate the formation of multimeric regulatory complexes and contribute to transcriptional control. In this study, we hypothesized that RUNX transcription factors may dynamically move through the nucleus and associate with subnuclear domains in a C-terminal dependent mechanism to regulate transcription. Therefore, we investigated the subnuclear distribution and mobility of RUNX transcription factors in living cells using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fused to RUNX proteins. The RUNX C-terminus was demonstrated to be necessary for the dynamic association of RUNX with stable subnuclear domains. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy showed that RUNX1 and RUNX2 localize to punctate foci that remain stationary in the nuclear space in living cells. By measuring fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, both RUNX1 and RUNX2 were found to dynamically and rapidly associate with these subnuclear foci with a half-time of recovery in the ten-second time scale. A large immobile fraction of RUNX1 and RUNX2 proteins was observed in the photobleaching experiments, which suggests that this fraction of RUNX1 and RUNX2 proteins are immobilized through the C-terminal domain by interacting with the nuclear architecture. Truncation of the C-terminus of RUNX2, which removes the NMTS as well as several co-regulatory protein interaction domains, increases the mobility of RUNX2 by at least an order of magnitude, resulting in a half-time of recovery equivalent to that of EGFP alone. Contributions of the NMTS sequence to the subnuclear distribution and mobility of RUNX2 were further assessed by creating point mutations in the NMTS of RUNX2 fused to EGFP. The results show that these point mutations decrease, but do not abolish, association with the nuclear matrix compared to wild-type EGFP-RUNX2. Three patterns of subnuclear distribution were similarly observed in living cells for both NMTS mutants and wild-type RUNX2. Furthermore, the NMTS mutations showed no measurable effect on the mobility of RUNX2. However, the mobility of RUNX proteins in each of the different subnuclear distributions observed in living cells were significantly different from each other. The punctate distribution appears to correlate with higher fluorescence intensity, suggesting that the protein concentration in the cell may have an effect on the formation or size of the foci. These findings suggest that the entire NMTS and/or the co-regulatory protein interaction domains may be necessary to immobilize RUNX2 proteins. Because RUNX factors contain a conserved intranuclear targeting signal, we examined whether RUNX1 and RUNX2 are targeted to common subnuclear domains. The results show that RUNX1 and RUNX2 colocalized in common subnuclear foci. Furthermore, RUNX subnuclear foci contain the co-regulatory protein CBFβ, which heterodimerizes with RUNX factors, and nascent transcripts as shown by BrUTP incorporation. These results suggest that RUNX subnuclear foci may represent sites of transcription containing multi-subunit transcription factor complexes. RUNX2 transcription factors induce expression of the osteocalcin promoter during osteoblast differentiation and to study both RUNX2 and osteocalcin function, it would be helpful to have transgenic mice in which OC expression could be easily evaluated. Therefore, to assess the in vivo regulation of osteocalcin by RUNX protein, we generated transgenic mice expressing EGFP controlled by the osteocalcin promoter. Our results show that EGFP is expressed from the OC promoter in a cultured osteosarcoma cell line, but not in a kidney cell line, and is induced by vitamin D3. Furthermore, the OC-EGFP transgenic mice specifically express EGFP in osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone tissues. Moreover, EGFP is expressed in mineralized bone nodules of differentiated bone marrow derived from transgenic mice. Thus, these mice produce a good model for studying the in vivo effects of RUNX-mediated osteocalcin regulation and for developing potential drug therapies for bone diseases. Taken together, our results in living cells support the conclusion that RUNX transcription factors dynamically associate with stationary subnuclear foci in a C-terminal dependent mechanism to regulate gene expression. Moreover, RUNX subnuclear foci represent transcription sites containing nascent transcripts and co-regulatory interacting proteins. These conclusions provide a mechanism for how RUNX transcription factors may associate with subnuclear foci to regulate gene expression. Furthermore, the OC-EGFP transgenic mice now provide a useful tool for studying the in vivo function and regulation of osteocalcin by RUNX proteins during osteoblast differentiation and possibly for developing therapeutic drugs for treatment of bone diseases in the future.

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Fridolfsson, Christer, and Caroline Askelon. "Svenska domstolars analyskriterier av målsägande barns utsagor vid sexualbrott ur utsage- och utvecklingspsykologiskt perspektiv." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148596.

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Få polisanmälda sexualbrott mot barn leder till åtal. Det kan bero på att barnets utsaga, vilken ofta är den huvudsakliga bevisningen, inte bedöms nå upp till rättens beviskrav. Vuxnas generella förmåga att avgöra tillförlitlighet i barns utsagor är låg och i rättspraxis värderas utsagor utifrån kriterier såsom detaljrikedom, logik och konstans – kriterier som inte är anpassade till barnets värld samt ibland har bristande empiriskt stöd. Syftet var därför att undersöka vilka kriterier svenska domstolar åberopar i tillförlitlighetsbedömning av målsägandeutsagan vid sexualbrott mot barn. Etthundra domar från år 2017 analyserades utifrån kriterier från rättspraxis (NJA 2010 s 671), utsagepsykologisk forskning (SVA:s CBCA) samt utvecklingspsykologiska aspekter. I resultatet syns fokus på generellt hållna kriterier enligt praxis, medan forskningsbaserade specifikt hållna kriterier särskilt anpassade för barn som utsatts för sexuallbrott användes i låg grad. Den utvecklingspsykologiska kunskapen hos domstolarna framstod som generell och i liten grad anpassad till olika barns utvecklingsstadier. I diskussionen argumenteras för att ökad användning av fler forskningsbaserade kriterier särskilt anpassade för barn samt dito utvecklingspsykologiska kunskaper, förhoppningsvis skulle kunna öka lagföringsgraden och därvid ha positiv spridningseffekt på anmälningsbenägenhet, synen på rättsväsendets legitimitet samt den allmänna graden av rättvisa i samhället. Avslutningsvis omformuleras rådande utsageanalytiska riktlinjer från Högsta Domstolen utifrån utsagepsykologisk forskning.
Few reported cases of sexual crime against children lead to prosecution. This might depend on the child’s testimony – often the main evidence – which doesn’t satisfy the court’s requirement for evidence. The general capacity of an adult to determine reliability in children’s testimonies is low. In legal usage, testimonies are valued by the use of criteria such as quantity of details, logic and constancy, which may not be adjusted to fit a child and sometimes lacks empirical support. This study examined which criteria the Swedish courts invoke with reliability assessments of the plaintiff’s testimony in sexual crimes against children. One hundred grounds for decisions from 2017 were examined from legal usage (NJA 2010 s 671), testimonial research (SVA’s CBA), and developmental psychological aspects. The results found a focus on general maintained criteria according to practice, while research based criteria, adjusted specifically for the different ages of children who have been victims of sexual crime, were however used to a low degree. The developmental psychological knowledge seems general and to a low degree adjusted to the various developmental stages of children. Finally, it is argued that increased usage of more research based criteria, adjusted to suit children and such child psychological knowledge, could increase the prosecution degree. This would have a positive multiplying effect on crime reporting tendencies, the view of the justice’s legitimacy, and the general degree of justice in society. Lastly, the testimonial guidelines of the Swedish high court are redefined from testimonial research.

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Michel, Geert. "Untersuchungen zu altersabhängigen Segregationsfehlern in den Oozyten von CBA/Ca-Mäusen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967057213.

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Ivehammar, Pernilla. "How to deal with the encroachment costs in road investment CBA." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Ekonomiska institutionen, Linköpings universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7718.

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Bornfield, Alva Jo Anne Gail. "A CBA model's effect on middle school students in math achievement." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185934.

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The present study was an investigation of the effects of a CBA model on mathematical achievement of middle school students. Nine subjects in the seventh and eighth grades were selected to participate in the study. A multiple baseline single subject design was used. Results indicated that a CBA model designed in the form of a pullout program can be very effective in identifying and remediating problems in mathematics for middle school students who are at-risk for failing mathematics. Implications of the current findings for the use of a CBA model were discussed. The use of a CBA model for students identified as at-risk for failing mathematics in middle school was supported.

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Ivehammar, Pernilla. "How to deal with the encroachment costs in road investment CBA /." Linköping : Ekonomiska Inst., Linköpings Univ, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/52762540X.pdf.

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Lai, Yu, and Yue Yang. "Brand Extension : research of Danone in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12303.

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ABSTRACT Purpose-----The purpose of this paper is to discuss Danone how to extend its brand in Sweden. Brand extension as a branding strategy has been increasing the last decades, and Danone just proposes Yogurt in Gälve which is one of the cities in Sweden, so this paper is to analyze what should Danone do if it wants to extend its brand in Sweden. Design/ mythology/ approach----An empirical study uses questionnaire method, and the data was collected in Gävle. This questionnaire is designed with BAV method. Findings-----Results show that Danone has positive customer-based brand equity; this is a foundation for Danone to extend its brand. Then this paper also finds out the opportunities and challenges for Danone if it extends its brand in Sweden. Research limitations/ implications-----The study was only doing the questionnaires in Gävle, the data cannot represent the whole Sweden, so the data has deviation. Practical implications-----Results suggests that Danone should extend its brand in Sweden. This paper suggests that Danone can extend the brand by producing some biscuit with low calorie or fat-free, and Danone can produce biscuit with other flavor. Originality/ value-----This study gives three suggestions about how to do a successful brand extension.

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Jeffke, Thomas. "Zur Struktur und Funktion regulatorischer Elemente des cbb-Regulons in Ralstonia eutropha." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963489089.

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Sommarin, Sara, and Louise Källbom. "En samhällsekonomisk lönsamhetskalkyl på projektet Framtidens Resor i Norrköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149000.

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Vi har genomfört en samhällsekonomisk lönsamhetskalkyl på ett infrastrukturprojekt i Norrköpings kommun som heter Framtidens resor i Norrköping. Projektet har initierats på grund av att kommunen förväntar sig en kraftig befolkningstillväxt samt ett ökat resande inom tätorten när höghastighetsjärnvägen Ostlänken tas i drift år 2035. Syftet med projektet är att förbättra infrastrukturen för de hållbara transportslagen. I kalkylen utvärderas två olika utredningsalternativ med inriktningar på olika trafikslag gentemot ett jämförelsealternativ. Kvantifieringen av effekter baseras på data från trafikprognosmodellen VISUM. Dessa effekter har sedan värderats med hjälp av olika kalkyl- och schablonvärden från Trafikverkets rekommendationer i ASEK (2016). Våra resultat visar att UA Litet trendbrott genererar ett nettonuvärde på -11,5 miljoner kronor medan UA Stort trendbrott visar ett nettonuvärde på 3 810 miljoner kronor och en nettonuvärdeskvot på 1,53. Utifrån ett samhällsekonomiskt lönsamhetsperspektiv rekommenderar vi att genomföra UA Stort trendbrott. Dock gör vi antagandet att även UA Litet trendbrott skulle visa ett positivt nettonuvärde om det vore möjligt att kvantifiera samtliga effekter.
In our master thesis we have, in collaboration with the municipality of Norrköping, done a cost-benefit analysis to analyse their project Framtidens resor i Norrköping. The aim of the project is to improve the mobility for the citizens and to make it easier to use public transports. The project was initiated because of the large expected increase in the population which in turn would put a lot of pressure on the public transport. By the year of 2035 the planned high-speed rail project, The East Link Project, is expected to be in use making it even more important that the municipality’s public transport is high-functioning. Two different scenarios, UA Litet trendbrott and UA Stort trendbrott, have been analysed and both have been compared to how the infrastructure is today. To quantify the effects of the project the software VISUM has been used. To our help we have used the ASEK Guidelines as well as the recommended principles and prices in the report. Our results indicate that UA Litet trendbrott will generate a net present value (NPV) of –11,5 million SEK. As for UA Stort trendbrott, our conclusion is that the scenario will generate a positive NPV, a conclusion which our sensitivity analysis validates. The NPV shows a benefit of more than 3 810 million SEK and the Ratio of NPV and public-sector support (NNK) shows a value of 1,53. We therefor recommend to follow through with the plans stated in UA Stort trendbrott.
Framtidens Resor i Norrköping

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Selesi, Drazenka. "Diversität und Abundanz des Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphat Carboxylase/Oxygenase (RubisCO) -Gens cbbL autotropher Bakterien in Agrarböden." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-28298.

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39

Bilzer, Annika [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Winckler, Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmeister, and Rupert [Akademischer Betreuer] Mutzel. "Funktion des Transkriptionsfaktors CbfA in Dictyostelium discoideum / Annika Bilzer. Gutachter: Thomas Winckler ; Dirk Hoffmeister ; Rupert Mutzel." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017972303/34.

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Hipwell, Alison E. "Punjabi Sikh women's arthritis self management experiences." Thesis, Coventry University, 2010. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/654f4c81-cbb9-545c-2f94-1f701f01cfab/1.

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Self-management interventions enhance the health self-management techniques and physical and psychological health outcomes among people with long-term health conditions (LTHCs). Few individuals from South Asian backgrounds attended the pilot phase of one such intervention: the Expert Patients Programme (EPP), a community-based self-management course. This raised concerns about exacerbating health inequalities. South Asian people have increased prevalence and severity of certain musculoskeletal conditions, yet little is known about their experiences of living with and self-managing these. This research aimed to rectify these omissions, by describing Punjabi Sikh women's experiences of living with and self-managing arthritis, and identifying barriers and facilitators to EPP. Three studies explored White and Punjabi Sikh EPP tutors‟ experiences of delivering EPP to South Asian attendees, and Punjabi Sikh women's experiences of living with and self-managing arthritis, both before and after they attended a Punjabi-language EPP. White and Punjabi Sikh tutors' sometimes dichotomous experiences of delivering EPP to South Asians, captured barriers to South Asian people's attendance, engagement and self-management. Facilitators identified included the need for sensitive tailoring of the Course, involving the Punjabi Sikh community. The Punjabi Sikh women's vibrant experiential accounts revealed the detrimental psychological and physical consequences that arthritis had upon their lives. Highly versatile in their proactive arthritis self-management prior to attending EPP, participants' refined techniques encompassed combinations of medication and Indian remedies, empowered by their religious and spiritual values. Following EPP attendance, the participants reported psychological and physical improvements in their arthritis. Thus, this Study established Punjabi Sikh 4 Abstract women's inherent acceptance of the concept of self-management, and, notwithstanding its current limitations, the likely appropriateness of EPP. Every Study represents a novel contribution to knowledge. Meaningful engagement with Punjabi Sikh community-members may produce a culturally-competent intervention that could better improve this group's physical and psychological outcomes, thus addressing one small area of health inequalities.

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Utz, Marcel [Verfasser], and Hans-Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Koch. "Die Bedeutung von CopZ für die Kupferdetoxifizierung und die Assemblierung der Cytochrom-cbb3-Oxidase in Rhodobacter capsulatus." Freiburg : Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/123650075X/34.

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Ferreira, Junior Rolando. "NBA, CBB e NLB : Relaçoes de poder no universo organizador do basquetebol brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/15321.

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Orientador: Fernando Renato Cavichiolli
Dissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Educaçao Física. Defesa: Curitiba, 2008
Inclui bibliografia e anexos
Área de concentraçao: Exercício e esporte

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De, Villiers Neil Heinrich. "Tumour metabolism and radioprotection of normal tissue in BALB/c and CBA mice." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1494.

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Thesis (Master Diploma (Medical Technology) -- Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1992
The steady state in a tumour rapidly changes with its growth and the subsequent deteriorating blood and nutrient supply. This adaptation in the steady state of the tumour is shown in the increased lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity in the tumour during it's growth. These alterations in the tumour metabolism places an increased burden on the body to supply nutrient and to discard the waste products of the tumour. This is demonstrated at the macroscopic level by the decreasing body weight and food intake when the tumour burden increases, and also at the metabolic levels by the responses of certain glycolytic and Cori cycle enzymes. Furthermore three distinct stages were observed in the Corl cycle response to the influence of the tumour namely, a silent or preclinical stage, a hypermetabolic stage and a hypometabolic stage. Although the decreasing body weight cannot be directly linked to the process of gluconeogenesis, the onset of anorexia appeared to coincide with the end of the hypermetabolic stage and the beginning of the hypometabolic stage in gluconeogenesis. This clearly shows that the body's steady state is adversely affected by the presence of the tumour and that the conditions at the metabolic level seem to cause the anorexia. Furthermore, it is well known that the success of cancer therapies depends entirely on the effectiveness o{the modality to kill the tumour cell and on the ability . of the host to absorb the damage caused by the modality without being destroyed in the process itself. The second part of this study demonstrates the radioprotective effects of ATP at all levels. It is clear from this work that ATP had a bigger influence in protecting the normal tissue than it had on the tumour tissue. This was demonstrated by the response of acid phosphatase (AP) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) in the tumour and testis. Furthermore, it would seem that ATP has a multifactorial interaction with the cell, two possible mechanisms of protection are indicated by these results. The fIrst of these interactions is through the receptors of the cell to stimulate enhanced glycolysis, for higher energy production and thus repair. The second possibility is the interaction of ATP with the receptor of the cell to inhibit the production of free radicals and thus damage, as demonstrated by the response of G-6-PDH and AP.

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de, Villiers Neil Heinrich. "Tumour metabolism and radioprotection of normal tissue in Balb/c and CBA mice." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2253.

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Thesis (MTech (Medical Technology))--Cape Technikon, 1992.
The steady state in a tumour rapidly changes with its growth and the subsequent deteriorating blood and nutrient supply. This adaptation in the steady state of the tumour is shown in the increased lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity in the tumour during it's growth. These alterations in the tumour metabolism places an increased burden on the body to supply nutrient and to discard the waste products of the tumour. This is demonstrated at the macroscopic level by the decreasing body weight and food intake when the tumour burden increases, and also at the metabolic levels by the responses of certain glycolytic and Cori cycle enzymes. Furthermore three distinct stages were observed in the Cori cycle response to the influence of the tumour namely, a silent or preclinical stage, a hypermetabolic stage and a hypometabolic stage. Although the decreasing body weight cannot be directly linked to the process of gluconeogenesis, the onset of anorexia appeared to coincide with the end of the hypermetabolic stage and the beginning of the hypometabolic stage in gluconeogenesis. This clearly shows that the body's steady state is adversely affected by the presence of the tumour and that the conditions at the metabolic level seem to cause the anorexia. Furthermore, it is well known that the success of cancer therapies depends entirely on the effectiveness of the modality to kill the tumour cell and on the ability' of the host to absorb the damage caused by the modality without being destroyed in the process itself. The second part of this study demonstrates the radioprotective effects of ATP at all levels. It is clear from this work that ATP had a bigger influence in protecting the normal tissue than it had on the tumour tissue. This was demonstrated by the response of acid phosphatase (AP) and glucose-ó-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) in the tumour and testis. Furthermore, it would seem that ATP has a multifactorial interaction with the cell, two possible mechanisms of protection are indicated by these results. The first of these interactions is through the receptors of the cell to stimulate enhanced glycolysis, for higher energy production and thus repair. The second possibility is the interaction of ATP with the receptor of the cell to inhibit the production of free radicals and thus damage, as demonstrated by the response of G-6-PDH and AP.

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45

Moffat, Scott E. "An evaluation of the understanding of the Gospel in CBA churches of Washington state." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p001-1080.

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46

Linder, Martina. "Cost-benefit analysis of joint distribution in city." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121128.

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Effektivare transporter i stadskärnorna är något som citylogistik har som huvudsyfte då det är många godstransporter inne i städerna som bidrar till trängsel. Ett förslag för förbättrad citylogistik är att flera distribuerande företag skickar sitt gods till en omlastningscentral där godset sorteras och lastas om innan leverans in till city. Genom att flera företag använder sig av en omlastningscentral minskar behovet av fordon då fyllnadsgraden, som ofta är låg vid transport inne i city, ökar vid samlastning av varor och fordonsbehovet minskar. Syftet är att utföra en kostnads- och nyttoanalys, cost-benefit analysis, detta för att kunna undersöka vilka effekter det finns av att införa samdistribution av varor inne i city men även att föra en diskussion kring vad denna typ av distribution kan leda till för de medverkande företagen och dess logistikkedja. Det kommer även en diskussion kring hur kostnads- och nyttoanalys kan användas för att fungera i andra städer, då stor del av data till detta arbete kommer från tidigare rapporter om samdistribution i Linköping city. I en kostnads- och nyttoanalys vägs kostnaderna och nyttorna mot varandra för att på så sätt se vilken av dessa som väger tyngst. Om nyttorna väger tyngre än kostnaderna så kommer projektet som är tänkt att genomföras att gynna samhället och det är då av intresse för de flesta parter att genomföra förändringen eller projektet. Rapporten ger en tydlig bild av vilka de stora kostnaderna samt nyttorna är med att genomföra samdistribution i city och vad detta kan leda till längre bak i logistikkedjan för de distribuerande företagen.

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47

Paiva, Jacqueline Boldrin de. "Infecção de aves por mutantes de Salmonella sorotipos gallinarum, pullorum e enteritidis com deleção nos genes cobS E cbiA /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94954.

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Orientador: Ângelo Berchieri Junior
Banca: Manoel Victor Franco Lemos
Banca: Gerson Nakazato
Resumo: Salmonella enterica sorotipo Typhimurium sintetiza cobalamina (Vitamina B12) apenas sobre condições anaeróbicas. Dois porcento do genoma da S. Typhimurium é dedicado a reações dependentes de vitamina B12 como cofator, sua síntese e absorção. Neste estudo nós preparamos mutantes de Salmonella sorotipos Enteritidis, Gallinarum e Pullorum duplo defectivos na biossintese de cobalamina, cepas ΔcobSΔcbiA. A virulência destes mutantes foi comparada com as respectivas cepas selvagens e, nenhuma deficiência na capacidade de causar doença foi observada para as cepas de S. Enteritidis ΔcobSΔcbiA e S. Pullorum ΔcobSΔcbiA. S. Gallinarum ΔcobSΔcbiA por sua vez, mostrou atenuação total. Posteriormente nós testamos a produção de B12 pelas cepas mutantes e selvagens já descritas, e incluímos neste estudo a cepa de S. Typhimurium ΔcobSΔcbiA, e sua respectiva cepa selvagem. Todas as cepas mutantes não tiveram produção de B12 detectada. As cepas selvagens mostraram produção de vitamina B12 em ambos os ensaios utilizados, com exceção da S. Gallinarum que não apresentou produção de cobalamina in vitro. Como conclusão, a produção de vitamina B12 in vitro diferiu entre os sorotipos de Salmonella testados, a deleção dos genes cbiA e cobS produziu alteração na relação parasita hospedeiro em diferentes níveis entre os sorotipos de Salmonella estudados, sendo que esta foi muito maior entre o sorotipo Gallinarum e as aves.
Abstract: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium only synthesizes cobalamin (Vitamin B12) during anaerobiosis. Two-percent of the S. Typhimurium genome is devoted to the synthesis and uptake of Vitamin B12 and to B12-dependent reactions. In order to understand the requirement from cobalamin synthesis better, we constructed Salmonella serovar Gallinarum, Salmonella serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella serovar Pullorum mutants that are double-defective in cobalamin biosynthesis (ΔcobSΔcbiA). We compared the virulence of these mutants to that of their respective wild type strains and found no impairment in S. Enteritidis ΔcobSΔcbiA and S. Pullorum ΔcobSΔcbiA ability to cause disease in chickens. S. Gallinarum ΔcobSΔcbiA mutant showed attenuated for chickens. We then assessed B12 production by these mutants and their respective wild type strains, as well as S. Typhimurium ΔcobSΔcbiA, and their respective wild type strain. All mutants were unable to produce detectable B12. B12 was detectable in wild type strains, but, S. Gallinarum demonstrated no in vitro cobalamin production. In conclusion, the production of vitamin B12 in vitro differed across the Salmonella serotypes that were tested. Furthermore, the deletion of the cbiA and cobS genes resulted in an alteration in the relationship between the serotype Gallinarum and the birds more stronger than did to the others serotypes.
Mestre

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Lindeborg, Jakob, and Johanna Hartung. "Relationen mellan CSR och ett ökat organisationsvärde : En undersökning av hur motivation påverkar CSR och etisk beslutsfattning inom den svenska fastighetsbranschen." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14536.

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Syfte: Ingen kan hävda att de har missat den pågående klimatdebatten med ett fokus på den globala uppvärmningen. En ökad medvetenhet om miljömässig hållbarhet har bidragit till en integration av etisk beslutsfattning in i organisationer. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hypotesen att CSR leder till ett ökat fastighetsvärde. Vi ämnar även få en ökad förståelse för hur motivation påverkar etisk beslutsfattning och CSR. Metod: Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ ansats inom ramen för en fallstudie. Empiriskt material har samlats in genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med beslutsfattare inom den svenska fastighetsbranschen. En analys av aktuell forskning och litteratur samt en modell av Sekerka & Stimel (2012) har bidragit till den teoretiska referensramen. Slutsats & Resultat: Vi anser att miljömässig hållbarhet och det ekonomiska incitamentet går hand i hand och krävs idag för ekonomisk framgång. Då CSR tillämpas inom en organisation så har vi märkt att det inte är organisationstyperna som sedan påverkar om CSR ger ett ökat fastighetsvärde. Det är snarare organisationens mål med fastigheten. Svaret blir att långsiktiga intressenter anser att kostnaden för miljöinsatser leder till ett motsvarande eller en större värdeökning av fastigheterna. För att detta ska vara sant krävs dock en långsiktighet och långsiktiga mål med fastigheten. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett intressant synsätt skulle vara att modifiera och tillämpa Sekerka & Stimels (2012) modell vid jämförandet mellan olika branscher. Ett intressant ämne är hur miljömässig hållbarhet påverkar organisationers lönsamhet ur det ekonomiska perspektivet. Hur står svenska organisationers miljömässiga hållbarhetsarbete jämfört med utländska? Ett annat intressant område är hur miljömässig hållbarhet påverkas av externa bestämmelser så som lagstiftning och ökad myndighetskontroll. Under studiens gång har vi kommit fram till att Sekerka & Stimels (2012) modell har brister när den appliceras på den svenska fastighetsbranschen. Ett alternativ kan vara en utveckling och anpassning av Sekerka & Stimels (2012) modell för att lättare kunna appliceras mot en svensk bransch. Under de genomförda intervjuerna har flera organisationer talat om den sociala hållbarheten. Vi anser att det skulle vara intressant att genomföra en liknande studie inom CSR men med inriktning mot social hållbarhet Studiens bidrag: Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse hur etisk beslutsfattning påverkar motivation av CSR. Studien bidrar även till ett tydliggörande av hur etisk beslutsfattning och miljömässig hållbarhet tillämpas inom den svenska fastighetsbranschen. Studien ger även svar på den praktiska frågan om CSR kan ge ett ökat fastighetsvärde.
Purpose: No one can argue and say that they have missed the ongoing climate debate which, focuses on global warming. An increased awareness of environmental sustainability has contributed to the integration of ethical decision-making in organizations. The study's purpose is to examine the hypothesis that CSR leads to increased property value we will also try to get a better understanding on how motivation effects ethical decision-making and CSR. Method: The study has been completed with a qualitative approach in the framework of a case study. Empirical material was gathered by semi-structured interviews preformed with decision-makers in the Swedish property industry. An analysis of the current research and literature, as well as a model by Sekerka & Stimels (2012) has contributed to the theoretical framework. Conclusion & Results: We believe that environmental sustainability and an economic incentive goes hand-in-hand and are required for financial success today. When CSR is applied within an organization, we have noticed that there is not the organizational type which affects whether CSR brings an increase in property value. Rather it is the organization's goals with the property. The answer is that long-term stakeholders believe that the cost of environmental measures leading to an equivalent or greater increase in the value of the properties. For this to be true it requires a long-term approach and long-term goal with the property. Further research: An interesting approach would be to modify and apply Sekerka & Stimels (2012) model in the comparison between different industries. An interesting topic is how environmental sustainability will affect an organization’s profitability within an economic perspective. How are Swedish organization’s environmental sustainability efforts compared with overseas? Another interesting area is how environmental sustainability are affected by external conditions such as legislation and increased government control. During the study we have come to the conclusion that Sekerka & Stimels (2012) model has shortcomings when applied to the Swedish property industry. An alternative can be an advancement and adaptation of Sekerka & Stimels (2012) model in order for it to be applied on a Swedish industry. During the interviews, several organizations talked about social. We believe that it would be interesting to conduct a similar study in CSR, but with focus on social sustainability Contribution: The study contributes to a better understanding of how ethical decision-making affects the motivation towards CSR. The study also contribute to a clarification of how ethical decision-making and environmental sustainability are applied in the Swedish property industry. The study will also provide answers to the practical matter: could CSR contribute to an increased property value.

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Helsing, Maja, and Julia Strid. "Små lokala företag och sociala medier : En kvalitativ studie av små lokala företags användning av sociala medier för att gynna varumärkets brand equity." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36344.

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Titel: Små lokala företag och sociala medier -En kvalitativ studie av små lokala företags användning av sociala medier för att gynna varumärkets brand equity Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi. Författare: Maja Helsing och Julia Strid Handledare: Peter Ek Datum: 2021 – juni Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats var att utveckla kunskapen kring hur små lokala företag kan förbättra deras egen brand equity genom att använda sociala medier. Metod: Vi har använt oss av ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt. En kvalitativ forskningsmetod i form av tio semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts i datainsamlingen, tillsammans med en netnografisk undersökning. Respondenterna utgjorde anställda på mindre lokala företag i en svensk medelstor stad, vars arbetsuppgift innefattar att ansvara för företagets sociala medier. Resultat & slutsats: Resultatet visar på att det för små lokala företag är fördelaktigt att använda sig av sociala medier. Till följd av att det bidrar till högre varumärkeskännedom samt skapar bättre kundrelationer, vilket påverkar CBBE positivt. Examensarbetets bidrag: Den här studien bidrar med ny kunskap kring de positiva effekterna av små lokala företags användning av sociala medier. Studien ökar den kunskap som finns gällande de fördelar som finns samt största svårigheterna företagen möter. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Denna studie har främst undersökt återförsäljare av produkter. Det vore därför intressant att genomföra en liknande studie på antingen försäljare av egen produkt eller tjänsteföretag. Nyckelord: CBBE, Sociala medier marknadsföring, Små företag, Lokala företag, Kundrelation.
Title: Small local businesses and social media- A qualitative study of small local companies' use of social media to benefit the brand's brand equity Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Maja Helsing and Julia Strid Supervisor: Peter Ek Date: 2021 – June Aim: The aim of this study was to develop knowledge about how small local companies can improve their own brand equity by using social media. Method: We have used a deductive approach. A qualitative research method in the form of ten semi-structured interviews was conducted in the data collection, together with a netnographic examination. The respondents were employees of small local companies in a Swedish medium-sized city, whose task includes being responsible for the company's social media. Result & conclusions: The result show that it is beneficial for small local businesses to use social media. As a result, it contributes to higher brand awareness and creates better customer relationships, which has a positive effect on CBBE. Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes new knowledge about the positive effects of small local companies' use of social media. The study increases the existing knowledge regarding the benefits that exist and the greatest difficulties companies face. Suggestions for future research: This study has mainly examined retailers of products. It would therefore be interesting to carry out a similar study on either seller of their own product or service companies. Key words: CBBE, Social media marketing, SME, Local business, Customer relationship.

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Carvalheda, Dos Santos Catarina Azevedo. "Simulation studies of the structure-function relationship of two biological processes : proton pumping in cbb3 oxidase and activation of Parkin." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2018. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/407cd58e-25cb-4e5f-9fef-dff8cc22039c.

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Computer simulation techniques have long proven to be useful in studies of biomolecular systems by describing molecular processes at different levels of resolution and playing an important role in chemistry, biology and physics. In this work, several computational techniques – standard and enhanced sampling MD simulations, multi-conformational pKa calculations and binding free energy calculations – are applied to study the mechanism of action of two important enzymes: a C-type cytochrome c oxidase (cbb3) and an E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin).Cbb3 is a C-type terminal oxidase responsible for catalyzing the final step of aerobic respiration (namely the reduction of oxygen to water) and coupling this redox reaction to the active translocation of protons across the membrane, a process that is essential for ATP synthesis. It is mainly present in proteobacteria, and the fact that it is the only terminal oxidase expressed in several clinically relevant human pathogens makes it a potential drug target. The limited data available for cbb3, as well as the overall complexity of terminal oxidases in general, are the main reasons why the functioning mechanism of cbb3 oxidase is still poorly understood. The aim of this study is through a combination of several simulation methods to identify and fully characterise proton pathways in cbb3, which are essential for the translocation of chemical and pumped protons to the active site and proton-loading site, respectively. We explain the effect of previously reported mutations and put forward a proposal for the redox-driven proton pumping mechanism. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the cbb3 mechanism and provide ideas for further experimental and computational studies. Parkin is a RING-in-between-RING (RBR) E3 ubiquitin ligase which is involved in the neurodegenerative disorder Parkinson’s disease. All available X-ray structures captured Parkin in the inactive (inhibited) form. Recent biochemical and structural data suggested that several distinct factors are involved in activation of Parkin, but the mutual effect of these factors or the detailed sequence of steps occurring on the molecular scale during activation are still poorly understood. In this study, we use molecular simulation methods to examine some of the existing proposals about the activation mechanism of Parkin. The structural effects of Parkin phosphorylation and removal of its inhibitory domain are addressed. Additionally, the effect of several mutations which are thought to promote the displacement/detachment of the inhibitory domain and render Parkin active are also investigated. Our findings provide atomic-level insights into the role of various factors in the stability and conformational dynamics of Parkin.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'CBBA'

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