Relevant bibliographies by topics / CBD method

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'CBD method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 9 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "CBD method"

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Trivedi, Mahendra Kumar, Snehasis Jana, and Sambhu Charan Mondal. "Cannabidiol improves thyroid function via modulating vitamin D3 receptor in vitamin D3 deficiency diet-induced rat model." Journal of Food Science and Technology 59, no. 8 (2022): 3237–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-022-05492-3.

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The study was evaluated the impact of cannabidiol (CBD) on thyroid hormones by modulation cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in rats fed with vitamin D3 deficiency diet (VDD). CB2-receptors were analyzed by RT-PCR method and others biomarkers by ELISA. The relative expression of CB2 (thyroid ~ 4 folds), VDR protein (liver, 151.72%), and (kidney, 66%) was significantly increased in CBD-60 compared to VDD. Vitamin D3 metabolites were significantly increased serum (189.42%), kidney (73.84%), and liver (58.11%) in CBD-60 than VDD. Increased thyroxine (59.9%) and calcitonin (213.59%); while decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (36.15%) and parathyroid hormone (38.64%) was observed CBD treatment in VDD rats. In conclusion, CBD treatment improves CB2 and VDR expression and the level of vitamin D3 metabolites, along with improved thyroid hormones, including calcitonin. This is the first report with an improved CB2 and VDR expression after CBD treatment in VDD induced animals. Thus, CBD can be considered to use in hypothyroidism conditions and to maintain bone health. Journal Web URL:- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13197-022-05492-3
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Mandrioli, Mara, Matilde Tura, Stefano Scotti, and Tullia Gallina Toschi. "Fast Detection of 10 Cannabinoids by RP-HPLC-UV Method in Cannabis sativa L." Molecules 24, no. 11 (2019): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112113.

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Cannabis has regained much attention as a result of updated legislation authorizing many different uses and can be classified on the basis of the content of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a psychotropic substance for which there are legal limitations in many countries. For this purpose, accurate qualitative and quantitative determination is essential. The relationship between THC and cannabidiol (CBD) is also significant as the latter substance is endowed with many specific and non-psychoactive proprieties. For these reasons, it becomes increasingly important and urgent to utilize fast, easy, validated, and harmonized procedures for determination of cannabinoids. The procedure described herein allows rapid determination of 10 cannabinoids from the inflorescences of Cannabis sativa L. by extraction with organic solvents. Separation and subsequent detection are by RP-HPLC-UV. Quantification is performed by an external standard method through the construction of calibration curves using pure standard chromatographic reference compounds. The main cannabinoids dosed (g/100 g) in actual samples were cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), CBD, and Δ9-THC (Sample L11 CBDA 0.88 ± 0.04, CBD 0.48 ± 0.02, Δ9-THC 0.06 ± 0.00; Sample L5 CBDA 0.93 ± 0.06, CBD 0.45 ± 0.03, Δ9-THC 0.06 ± 0.00). The present validated RP-HPLC-UV method allows determination of the main cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. inflorescences and appropriate legal classification as hemp or drug-type.
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ElSohly, Mahmoud A., Timothy P. Murphy, Ikhlas Khan, Larry W. Walker та Waseem Gul. "Analysis of Cannabidiol, Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, and Their Acids in CBD Oil/Hemp Oil Products". Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids 3, № 1 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509550.

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Hemp products are readily available and are aggressively marketed for their health and medicinal benefits. Most consumers of these products are interested because of cannabidiol (CBD), which has taken the natural products industry by storm. The CBD and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) concentrations in these products are often absent, and even where labeled, the accuracy of the label amounts is often questionable. In order to gain a better understanding of the CBD content, fifty hemp products were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for CBD, Δ9-THC, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ9-THCAA), and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). Δ9-THCAA and CBDA are the natural precursors of Δ9-THC and CBD in the plant material. Decarboxylation to Δ9-THC and CBD is essential to get the total benefit of the neutral cannabinoids. Therefore, analysis for the neutral and acid cannabinoids is important to get a complete picture of the chemical profile of the products. The GC-MS method used for the analysis of these products was developed and validated. A 10-m × 0.18-mm DB-1 (0.4 μ film) column was used for the analysis. The majority of the hemp products were oils, one of the products was hemp butter, one was a concentrated hemp powder capsule, and another was a hemp extract capsule. Most of the products contained less than 0.1% CBD and less than 0.01% Δ9-THC. Three products contained 0.1–1% CBD, and 2 products contained 0.1–0.9% Δ9-THC. All of the samples appeared to be decarboxylated since the CBDA and Δ9-THCAA results were less than 0.001%. The developed method is simple, sensitive, and reproducible for the detection of Δ9-THC, Δ9-THCAA, CBD, and CBDA in CBD oil/hemp products.
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Gul, Waseem, Shahbaz W. Gul, Mohamed M. Radwan, et al. "Determination of 11 Cannabinoids in Biomass and Extracts of Different Varieties of Cannabis Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 6 (2015): 1523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.15-095.

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Abstract An HPLC single-laboratory validation was performed for the detection and quantification of the 11 major cannabinoids in most cannabis varieties, namely, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabinol (CBN), Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Δ8- trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabichromene (CBC), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A (THCAA). The analysis was carried out on the biomass and extracts of these varieties. Methanol–chloroform (9:1, v/v) was used for extraction, 4-androstene-3,17-dione was used as the internal standard, and separation was achieved in 22.2 min on a C18 column using a two- step gradient elution. The method was validated for the 11 cannabinoids. The concentration-response relationship of the method indicated a linear relationship between the concentration and peak area with r2 values of >0.99 for all 11 cannabinoids. Method accuracy was determined through a spike study, and recovery ranged from 89.7 to 105.5% with an RSD of 0.19 to 6.32% for CBDA, CBD, THCV, CBN, Δ9-THC, CBL, CBC, and THCAA; recovery was 84.7, 84.2, and 67.7% for the minor constituents, CBGA, CBG, and Δ8-THC, respectively, with an RSD of 2.58 to 4.96%. The validated method is simple, sensitive, and reproducible and is therefore suitable for the detection and quantification of these cannabinoids in different types of cannabis plant materials.
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Majimbi, Maimuna, Emily Brook, Peter Galettis, et al. "Sodium alginate microencapsulation improves the short-term oral bioavailability of cannabidiol when administered with deoxycholic acid." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0243858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243858.

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Background Cannabidiol (CBD) confers therapeutic effects in some neurological disorders via modulation of inflammatory, oxidative and cell-signalling pathways. However, CBD is lipophilic and highly photooxidative with low oral bioavailability in plasma and brain. In this study, we aimed to design and test a CBD microencapsulation method as a drug delivery strategy to improve the absorption of CBD. Additionally, we evaluated the brain uptake of CBD capsules when administered alongside capsules containing a permeation-modifying bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA). Methods Microcapsules containing either CBD or DCA were formed using the ionic gelation method with 1.5% sodium alginate formulations and 100 mM calcium chloride. C57BL/6J wild type mice randomly assigned to three treatment groups (3–4 mice per group) were administered CBD in the following preparations: 1) CBD capsules, 2) CBD capsules + DCA capsules and 3) naked CBD oil (control). To assess the short-term bioavailability of CBD, plasma and brain samples were collected at 0.3, 1 and 3 hours post administration and CBD levels were analysed with liquid chromatography mass spectrometer. Results We produced spherical capsules at 400 ± 50 μm in size. The CBD capsules were calculated to have a drug loading of 2% and an encapsulation efficiency of 23%. Mice that received CBD capsules + DCA capsules showed a 40% and 47% increase in CBD plasma concentration compared to mice on CBD capsules and naked CBD oil, respectively. Furthermore, the CBD capsules + DCA capsules group showed a 48% and 25% increase in CBD brain concentration compared to mice on CBD capsules and naked CBD oil, respectively. In mice treated with CBD capsules + DCA capsules, the brain CBD concentration peaked at 0.3 hours with a 300% increased availability compared to CBD capsules and naked CBD oil groups, which peaked at 1 hour after administration. Conclusions The microencapsulation method combined with a permeation enhancer, DCA increased the short-term bioavailability of CBD in plasma and brain.
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Barthlott, Ines, Andreas Scharinger, Patricia Golombek, Thomas Kuballa, and Dirk W. Lachenmeier. "A Quantitative 1H NMR Method for Screening Cannabinoids in CBD Oils." Toxics 9, no. 6 (2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9060136.

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Toxicologically relevant levels of the psychoactive ∆9-tetrahydocannabinol (∆9-THC) as well as high levels of non-psychoactive cannabinoids potentially occur in CBD (cannabidiol) oils. For consumer protection in the fast-growing CBD oil market, facile and rapid quantitative methods to determine the cannabinoid content are crucial. However, the current standard method, i.e., liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), requires a time-consuming multistep sample preparation. In this study, a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) method for screening cannabinoids in CBD oils was developed. Contrary to the HPLC-MS/MS method, this qNMR features a simple sample preparation, i.e., only diluting the CBD oil in deuterochloroform. Pulse length-based concentration determination (PULCON) enables a direct quantification using an external standard. The signal intensities of the cannabinoids were enhanced during the NMR spectra acquisition by means of multiple suppression of the triglycerides which are a major component of the CBD oil matrix. The validation confirmed linearity for CBD, cannabinol (CBN), ∆9-THC and ∆8-THC in hemp seed oil with sufficient recoveries and precision for screening. Comparing the qNMR results to HPLC-MS/MS data for 46 commercial CBD oils verified the qNMR accuracy for ∆9-THC and CBD, but with higher limits of detection. The developed qNMR method paves the way for increasing the sample throughput as a complementary screening before HPLC-MS/MS.
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Abdulrahman, Ahmed Fattah, Sabah Mohammed Ahmed, Azeez Abdullah Barzinjy, Samir Mustafa Hamad, Naser Mahmoud Ahmed, and Munirah Abullah Almessiere. "Fabrication and Characterization of High-Quality UV Photodetectors Based ZnO Nanorods Using Traditional and Modified Chemical Bath Deposition Methods." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (2021): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030677.

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Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) based on high-quality well-aligned ZnO nanorods (NRs) were fabricated using both modified and conventional chemical bath deposition (CBD) methods. The modified chemical bath deposition (M-CBD) method was made by adding air bubbles to the growth solution during the CBD process. The viability and effectiveness of M-CBD were examined by developing UV PDs based on ZnO NRs. The ZnO nano-seed layer was coated on a glass substrate utilizing radiofrequency (RF) sputtering. The impact of the different growth-times on morphology, growth rate, crystal structure, and optical and chemical properties were investigated systematically using different characterization techniques, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, UV–VIS double beam spectrometer, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), respectively. The Al/ZnO UV PDs based on ZnO nanorods were fabricated with optimum growth conditions through the two methods of preparation. This study showed that the synthesized ZnO NRs using the M-CBD method for different growth times possess better properties than the conventional method under similar deposition conditions. Despite having the highest aspect ratio and growth rate of ZnO NRs, which were found at 4 h growth duration for both methods, the aspect ratio of ZnO NRs using the M-CBD technique was comparatively higher than the conventional CBD method. Besides, the UV PDs fabricated by the M-CBD method at 5 V bias voltage showed high sensitivity, short response time, quick recovery time, high gain, low dark current, and high photocurrent compared with the UV PD device fabricated by the conventional CBD method.
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Martinenghi, Laura Daniela, Rie Jønsson, Torben Lund, and Håvard Jenssen. "Isolation, Purification, and Antimicrobial Characterization of Cannabidiolic Acid and Cannabidiol from Cannabis sativa L." Biomolecules 10, no. 6 (2020): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10060900.

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The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes a major threat to public health due to its limited therapeutic options. There is an urgent need for the development of new effective antimicrobial agents and alternative strategies that are effective against resistant bacteria. The parallel legalization of cannabis and its products has fueled research into its many therapeutic avenues in many countries around the world. This study aimed at the development of a reliable method for the extraction, purification, characterization, and quantification of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and its decarboxylated form cannabidiol (CBD) present in the fiber type Cannabis sativa L. The two compounds were extracted by ethanol, purified on a C18 sep-pack column, and the extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet (UV)–vis and ESI-MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) detection. The antimicrobial effect of CBDA and CBD was also evaluated. CBD displayed a substantial inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1 to 2 µg/mL. Time kill analysis and minimal bactericidal concentration revealed potential bactericidal activity of CBDA and CBD. While cannabinoids showed a significant antimicrobial effect on the Gram-positive S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, no activity was noticed on Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CBDA presented a two-fold lower antimicrobial activity than its decarboxylated form, suggesting that the antimicrobial pharmacophore of the analyzed cannabinoids falls in the ability for permeabilizing the bacterial cell membrane and acting as a detergent-like agent. A synergy test performed on MRSA with CBD and a range of antibiotics did not indicate a synergetic effect, but noteworthy no antagonist influence either. CBD and CBDA manifested low hemolytic activity on human red blood cells. Likewise, the safety of CBD toward human keratinocyte cells presents no toxicity at a concentration of up to seven-fold higher than the antibacterial minimal inhibitory concentration. Similarly, both CBD and CBDA are well tolerated by mammals, including humans, and conserve a safe value limits for blood-contacting drug development. Overall, CBD exhibited a strong antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive strains and could serve as an alternative drug for tackling MRSA.
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Hajrulai-Musliu, Zehra, Elizabeta Dimitreska Stojkovikj, Dimitar Gusheski, Dea Musliu, and Daniel Velkovski. "High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with DAD Detection for the Determination of Cannabinoids in Commercial Veterinary CBD Oil." Pharmacy 12, no. 6 (2024): 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12060181.

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The study highlights the need for quality control in evaluating medicinal plant products, especially CBD oils, before market release. Due to varying regulatory requirements, product labeling can sometimes be misleading, especially regarding cannabinoid concentrations such as CBD and THC. This research focused on developing a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for accurately identifying and quantifying key cannabinoids in Commercial Veterinary CBD Oil. The main compounds identified included Cannabidivarin (CBDV), Cannabidiolic Acid (CBD-A), Cannabigerolic Acid (CBG-A), Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabidiol (CBD), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), Cannabinol (CBN), ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (d9-THC) ∆8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (d8-THC), Cannabicyclol (CBL), Cannabichromene (CBC), and Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid (THCA), determined in line with the International Conference on Harmonization’s (ICH) guidelines. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). It was determined to be linear, with a correlation coefficient (R²) > 0.999. The LOD and LOQ values calculated from the calibration curve ranged from 0.05 to 0.13 and 0.50 to 0.61 µg/mL, respectively. The method also exhibited acceptable precision, with relative standard deviation values lower than or equal to 2%. The method’s accuracy was assessed through recovery percentages and fell within an acceptable range of 98–102 if the RSD was 2%. This study’s rigorous methodology and comprehensive findings significantly contribute to cannabinoid analysis. This validated protocol was used to analyze cannabinoids in 14 commercial veterinary CBD oil products from the Republic of North Macedonia. The performance parameters demonstrated that the method is reliable for quantitatively measuring cannabinoids in CBD oil. The analysis showed that the cannabinoid levels in the products were consistent with the manufacturers’ declared specifications, with no significant discrepancies in labeling.
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Madej, Katarzyna, Gabriela Kózka, Maciej Winiarski, and Wojciech Piekoszewski. "A Simple, Fast, and Green Oil Sample Preparation Method for Determination of Cannabidioloic Acid and Cannabidiol by HPLC-DAD." Separations 7, no. 4 (2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations7040060.

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Currently, the medical use of food supplements containing Cannabis sativa has attracted the interest of consumers, as well as the medical and scientific community. With the increasing consumption of these products, there is also a risk of their abuse or discrepancy between the actual and declared contents of active substances by the manufacturer in these products. Thus, the development and elaboration of analytical procedures for determination of appropriate phytocannabinoids seems to be important. This work focuses on the development of a simple, fast and environmentally friendly liquid-liquid extraction method combined with fat freezing from an oil sample to isolate two phytocannabinoids: cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). The extraction method was optimized considering efficacy and repeatability of extraction, as well as minimalizing use of organic reagents and sample amount. Under the optimized conditions, extraction recovery for CBD was 97.3–109% and for CBDA was 69.1–69.5% with precision (RSD, %) 5.0–8.4 and 7.1–10.6, respectively. The evaluated main analytical parameters of the developed high pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for both studied cannabinoids are satisfactory. The usability of the developed method was checked by analysis of real samples of a food supplement–hemp oil enriched with CBD.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CBD method"

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Kuttelwascher, Pavel. "Obslužný software pro CCD kameru používanou pro elektroluminiscenci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220232.

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This thesis studies the optimization of diagnosis defects of the photovoltaic cells in the darkroom by the help of new operating software for the used CCD camera. First the present situation and the possible solutions are analyzed. Then the attention is paid to the theory of light-sensitive CCD sensors, their construction, their principles of operation and the theory of scanning images. The thesis also focuses on the analysis of the function of the operating libraries which were provided by the equipment producer. The key part is the development of the application for the camera G2-3200 of the "Moravske pristroje" company which significantly accelerates the work with the camera in the darkroom.
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Kjellsson, My, and Malin Larsson. "3D CAD METHODOLOGY PRESTUDY." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-69781.

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The report describes a prestudy project for Epiroc Rock Drills AB at the department PLM Solutions. The company consists of a number of divisions thatall work with or are affected by CAD models. PLM Solutions has long seen a need for a common methodologybut due to the priorities of other projects this has been delayed. The purpose of the prestudy was to provide a mapping of the CAD methodology at the company today and also investigate the need for methodology. Based on the mapping, a recommendation was given ofhow PLM Solutions shouldproceed with a major methodology project. The recommendation wastocreate a common overall CAD methodology and take advantage of the already existing methodsin the organization. As the problem was treated as a prestudy, the method of a prestudy model is also the case. The model is general and adapted to fit this particular project. The approach deals with the phases: start-up, background analysis and solutions. The background analysis examines the current situation analysis using models for interviewing techniques. A larger part of the basis for the prestudy rests on interviews with stakeholders. The result is presented based on the same phases that the method consists of. The result is a mapping of the methodology and needs of the divisions, this is also visualized using a SWOT analysis. The results arealso the recommendation and requirements based on the interviews and business case. Continued work should as a suggestion include several more interviews, collecting more material from around the divisions, more detailed calculations and a focus on the departments that are affected by the models.<br>Rapporten avhandlar ett förstudieprojekt för företaget EpirocRock Drills AB på avdelningen PLM Solutions. Företaget består av ett antal divisioner som alla arbetar med eller påverkas av CAD-modeller. PLM Solutions har länge sett ett behov av en gemensam metodik men på grund av prioriteringar av andra projekt har detta dröjt. Förstudiens syfte var att ta fram en kartläggning av den CAD-metodik som finns på företaget idag samt även se vilket behov av metodik som förekommer. Utifrån kartläggningen skulle en rekommendation ges i fråga om hur PLM Solutions skulle gå vidare vid ett större metodikprojekt. Rekommendationen var att skapa en övergripande gemensam CAD metodik och dra nytta av de redan existerande metoderna runt om i verksamheten. I och med att problemet behandlades som en förstudie utgörs också metoden av en förstudiemodell. Modellen är generell och anpassad för att passa just detta projekt. Tillvägagångssättet behandlar faserna uppstart, bakgrundsanalys och lösningar. I bakgrundsanalysen behandlas nulägesanalysen med hjälp av modeller för intervjuteknik. En större del av det underlag förstudien utgörs av, bygger på intervjuer med intressenter. Resultatet presenteras utifrån samma faser som metoden utgörs av. Resultatet består av en kartläggning av den metodik och behov som finns bland divisionerna, detta visualiseras också med hjälp av en SWOT-analys. Resultatet utgörs också av rekommendationen och kravspecifikationen som baseras på de intervjuer som utförts samt affärsfallet. Fortsatt arbetebör förslagsvis inkludera flerintervjuer, samla in mer material fråndivisionerna, mer utförliga beräkningar och ett större fokus på de avdelningar som påverkas av modellerna.
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Ramaswamy, Sunil. "Selection of best drilling, completion and stimulation method for coalbed methane reservoirs." Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85835.

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Over the past three decades, coalbed methane (CBM) has moved from a mining hazard and novel unconventional resource to an important fossil fuel that accounts for approximately 10% of the U.S. natural gas production and reserves. The expansion of this industry required development of different drilling, completion and stimulation practices for CBM in specific North American basins, owing to the complex combinations of geologic settings and reservoir parameters encountered. These challenges led to many technology advances and to development of CBM drilling, completion and stimulation technology for specific geologic settings. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine which geologic parameters affect CBM drilling, completion and stimulation decisions, (2) identify to the engineering best practices for specific geologic settings, and (3) present these findings in decision charts or advisory systems that could be applied by industry professionals. To determine best drilling, completion and stimulation practices for CBM reservoirs, I reviewed literature and solicited opinions of industry experts through responses to a questionnaire. I identified thirteen geologic parameters (and their ranges of values) that are assessed when selecting CBM drilling, completion and stimulating applications. These are coal thickness, number of seams, areal extent, dip, depth, rank, gas content, formation pressure, permeability, water saturation, and compressive strength, as well as the vertical distribution of coal beds and distance from coal reservoirs to fracture barriers or aquifers. Next, I identified the optimum CBM drilling, completion and stimulating practices for specific combinations of these geologic parameters. The engineering best practices identified in this project may be applied to new or existing fields, to optimize gas reserves and project economics. I identified the best engineering practices for the different CBM basins in N.A and combined these results in the form of two decision charts that engineers may use to select best drilling and completion practices, as well as the optimal stimulation methods and fluids for specific geologic settings. The decision charts are presented in a Visual Basic Application software program to facilitate their use by engineers.
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Andrews, Peter T. J. "Design reuse in a CAD environment." Thesis, Brunel University, 1999. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5086.

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For many companies, design related information mainly exists as rooms of paper-based archives, typically in the form of manufacturing drawings and technical specifications. This 'static' information cannot be easily reused. The work presented in this thesis proposes a methodology to ease this problem. It defines and implements a computer-based design tool that will enable existing design families to be transformed into 'dynamic' CAD-based models for the Conceptual, Embodiment and Detailed stages of the design process. Two novel concepts are proposed here, i) the use of a Function Means Tree to store Conceptual and Embodiment design and ii) a Variant Method to represent Detailed design. In this way a definite link between the more abstract conceptual and the concrete detailed design stages is realised by linking individual detailed designs to means in the Function Means Tree. The use of the Variant Method, incorporating 'state-of-the-art' developments in Solid Modelling, Feature-Based Design and Parametric Design, allows an entire family of designs to be represented by a single Master Model. Therefore, instances of this Master Model need only be stored as a set of design parameters. This enables current design families and new design cases to be more created more efficiently. Industrial Case Studies, including a Lathe Chuck family, a Drive-End casting and a family of Filtration Systems are given to prove the methodology.
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Mora, Carlos A. "Comparison of computation methods for CBM production performance." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1958.

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Berndt, Karsten, and Marko Ebermann. "Methodik zur funktionsorientierten Tolerierung mittels CAD-basierter Analysen." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-171981.

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Teil 1 Karsten Berndt Die Festlegung von Toleranzen ist eine alltägliche Aufgabenstellung des Konstrukteurs. Dabei bedingt die Berechnung nichtlinearer Toleranzketten einen erheblichen Zeitaufwand, wodurch meist auf deren genaue Berechnung vezichtet wird und Toleranzen stattdessen auf Basis von Erfahrungswerten festgelegt werden. Die vorgestellte Methodik zeigt Wege, wie schnell und frühzeitig im Konstruktionsprozess belastbare Aussagen zu Toleranzen komplexer Mechanismen getroffen werden können. Dazu werden sogenannte Sensitivitätsanalysen in der CAD-Software "Creo Elements" durchgeführt und ausgewertet. Das Ergebnis sind erste konkrete Toleranzfelder für alle den Mechanismus beschreibenden, geometrischen Abmessungen, welche sich als Startwerte für den anschließenden Toleranzsynthese/-analyseprozess eignen. Teil 2 Marko Ebermann Dieser zweite Vortragsteil behandelt eine mögliche Vorgehensweise zur Tolerierung von Geometrieabweichungen in der frühen Entwurfsphase am Beispiel des Koppelgliedes einer Verpackungsmaschine. Ausgangspunkt für die frühe Tolerierung bildet die im ersten Vortragsteil behandelte Sensitivitätsanalyse des Koppelgetriebes, welche Informationen zur Empfindlichkeit der Funktionsmaße bezüglich der Einhaltung der Schließmaßtoleranz lieferte. Die daraus abgeleitete Form- und Lagetolerierung des Koppelgliedes soll durch anschließende Toleranzamalysen die Tolerierung im Baugruppenkontext bestätigen und auf möglich Fertigungsverfahren abzielen, ohne die genaue Gestalt der Komponenten zu kennen. So können teure und zeitintensive Iterationsschleifen im Konstruktionsprozess minimiert und die Funktionalität frühzeitig gesichert werden.
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Gunneriusson, Olof. "Method for determining phasedistribution and characteristic lenghts in cBN-composite materials." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - Ångström, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-206276.

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An image analysis method has been developed for Sandvik to determine phasecompositions and characteristic length of the binding phase in cubic Boron Nitride(cBN)-composites with low contents of cBN (35-75%).The method consists of taking pictures with a Scanning Electron Microscope,gathering elemental data with X-ray Diffraction (XRD) as well as Energy-dispersiveX-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and finally using a Matlab program developed for this workto calculate phase compositions and statistical data from the characteristic length ofthe binding phase.Using these methods four different phases were identified in the samples: Blackparticles, most likely made of cBN. A dark gray phase around the black particles, thatconsists of Al-compounds. A light grey binding phase, consisting of TiN or Ti(C,N).Finally there were small traces of white particles which were identified as a product ofabrasive action on cermet milling bodies added during the milling.Mean value, standard deviation and median of the characteristic length of the bindingphase was calculated. For all samples the median value was consistent, sometimeseven being identical for the analyzed sites. This indicates that the binding phase wasevenly distributed across almost all samples.
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Lee, Taeyoung. "Improved slab method for axisymmetric forging." Ohio : Ohio University, 1996. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178221157.

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Gargoloff, Joaquin Ivan. "A numerical method for fully nonlinear aeroelastic analysis." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1219.

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Harper, Brian Davidson. "CAD methods to support automated De- and remanufacture assessments." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16741.

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Books on the topic "CBD method"

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Tubadji, Annie. A CBD Method for Reverse Engineering of Cultural Taste for Discrimination: The Case of Ethnic Entrepreneurs in Milan. SAGE Publications Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529670608.

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Sabonnadière, Jean-Claude, and Jean-Louis Coulomb. Finite Element Methods in CAD. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9879-4.

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Sabonnadière, Jean-Claude, and Jean-Louis Coulomb. Finite Element Methods in CAD. Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8739-8.

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Mullineux, Glen. CAD: Computational Concepts and Methods. Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7694-1.

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Mullineux, Glen. CAD: Computational concepts and methods. Kogan Page, 1986.

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Sabonnadière, Jean-Claude. Finite element methods in CAD. North Oxford Academic, 1987.

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Roller, Dieter. CAD Systems Development: Tools and Methods. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997.

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1951-, Roller D., Brunet P, and Schloss Dagstuhl International Conference and Research Center for Computer Science., eds. CAD systems development: Tools and methods. Springer, 1997.

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Harrison, Donald D. CBP x-ray workbook. Donald D. Harrison, 1989.

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Simmons, Jane. CBT for beginners. SAGE, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "CBD method"

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Marchesi, Marianna. "Axiomatic Design and Design Structure Matrix for Circular Building Design." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57800-7_39.

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AbstractThe study aims to propose the integration of Axiomatic Design (AD) and Design Structure Matrix (DSM) methods to support the implementation of building reversibility within circular building design (CBD). In CBD, strategies for building reversibility have been formulated, but available tools mainly support design evaluation in the late stages. On the other side, in engineering design, methods to support reversibility in early design stages are available. AD and DSM are two matrix-based product modelling methods that are used in the analysis and modelling of relations in complex systems from the concept design. AD guides the designers in modelling the relationships between functional elements and physical components in a structured manner from the early design stages. DSM provides a method for modelling physical relationships among the physical components and groups them into modules. Despite the potential benefits of using these matrix-based design methods, previous studies on building reversibility within CBD have not yet explored this proposition. The study intends to place the theoretical premises for the application of AD combined with DSM within CBD for building reversibility. The study applies theory-oriented research by exploring, collecting, and evaluating relevant information from different theoretical and practical sources to formulate propositions on building reversibility within CBD. Propositions will be tested in future real-world applications while detecting challenges and limitations to assess effectiveness in supporting building reversibility within CBD.
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Zellagui, R., MC. Benachour, F. Boufelgha, H. Dehdouh, and M. Adnane. "CdS Thin Films Deposited by the CBD Method." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2777-7_62.

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Sharma, Rahul, and Harshal B. Nemade. "Fabrication, Optimization and Testing of Photoconductively Tuned SAW Device Using CBD Method." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21514-8_13.

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Toriya, Hiroshi, and Hiroaki Chiyokura. "3-Dimensional Modeling Method." In 3D CAD. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45729-6_13.

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Dikilitaş, Kenan, Tim Marshall, and Masoumeh Shahverdi. "CBL and Its Evolution as an Instructional and Pedagogical Practice." In A Practical Guide to Understanding and Implementing Challenge-Based Learning. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67011-4_1.

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Abstract This chapter provides a short overview of the history of Challenge-Based Learning (CBK) and its evolution as a pedagogical practice in higher education. We discuss how CBL reshapes pedagogical approaches to learning and teaching as well as student engagement and self-directed learning in collaborative practices. The vignette included compares CBL to other experiential learning methods such as problem-based and project-based learning. The chapter then discusses CBL's origins in both bioengineering at a higher education level and the Apple pilots at a high school level, both in the USA.
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Gardan, Yvon. "The finite element method." In Mathematics and CAD. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1511-7_4.

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Walmsley, Joel. "Introduction of Quantitative Methods." In C.D. Broad. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003081135-17.

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Arroyo, Paz, Annett Schöttle, and Randi Christensen. "The CBA Tabular method." In Building Decisions. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003518310-7.

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Schwarze, Rüdiger. "Numerische Methoden." In CFD-Modellierung. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24378-3_4.

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Budynas, Richard G. "The finite element method." In Interactive Graphics in CAD. Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5578-3_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "CBD method"

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Li, Yongkang, Xiaodong Chen, Xiaohui Wan, et al. "A Ray-based Asynchronous Distributed Parallel K-SVD Method." In 2024 Twelfth International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cbd65573.2024.00026.

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Wang, Huanbin, Gaofeng He, Haiting Zhu, Bingfeng Xu, Lu Zhang, and Naixuan Guo. "A Denial of Service Attack Defense Method for Roadside Units." In 2024 Twelfth International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cbd65573.2024.00037.

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Huang, Xiao Yang, XueJun Liu, Tao He, and Zhouying Xu. "Fair Recommendation Method Based on Meta-Learning and Feature Enhancement." In 2024 Twelfth International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cbd65573.2024.00064.

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Ishiyama, T. "Photocatalytic efficiency of CdS film synthesized by CBD method." In WATER DYANMICS: 3rd International Workshop on Water Dynamics. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2207065.

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Hao, Qian, Yue Li, Li Min Wang, and Mei Wang. "An Ontology-Based Data Organization Method." In 2017 Fifth International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbd.2017.31.

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Li, Dancheng, Wei Wang, Quanzuo Li, and Donglin Ma. "Study of a Virtual Machine Migration Method." In 2013 International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbd.2013.33.

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Zhang, Jin, Zhaohui Tang, Yongfang Xie, Mingxi Ai, and Weihua Gui. "Flotation Fault Diagnosis Method Using Statistical Approaches." In 2019 Seventh International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbd.2019.00055.

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He, Gaofeng, Tao Zhang, Yuanyuan Ma, and Bingfeng Xu. "A Novel Method to Detect Encrypted Data Exfiltration." In 2014 Second International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbd.2014.40.

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Zhang, Xijun, Lijuan Zhang, Ye Tao, Long Tao, and Chenhui Wang. "Research on Interpolation Method of Missing Traffic Flow Data Based on Improved Historical Trend Method." In 2020 Eighth International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbd51900.2020.00024.

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Lu, Ping, Shengmei Luo, Zhiping Wang, and Wenwu Qu. "A Method of Data Distribution for Distributed Cross Join." In 2013 International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbd.2013.5.

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Reports on the topic "CBD method"

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Science, Fera. Analysis of CBD Products. Food Standards Agency, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.cis490.

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The Food Standards Agency commissioned Fera Science Ltd. to carry out a survey to obtain a snapshot of CBD products on sale in England and Wales in order to inform FSA risk assessment of CBD products. Thirty CBD products were purchased from a range of online sellers from England and Wales. Samples comprised of two broad categories: oils and sprays, and edibles (including beverages). The sampling followed a scheme suggested by FSA. This is not a statistically representative sample of the market and instead provides a snapshot of the current market, to assist the design of future sampling and surveillance activity. There is the potential for residues of chemicals to be present in CBD products as a result of their natural occurrence in the raw material or arising from the manufacturing process, for example, mycotoxins, metals, pesticides, and the residues of solvents used to extract CBD. This study informs the FSA’s understanding of the type and levels of contaminants that may arise in CBD products. A wide range of analysis on CBD products was undertaken using accredited methods, for heavy metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, mycotoxins, CBD content and cannabinoid profiles. Analysis for residual solvents and additional mycotoxins was also carried out, but these were not accredited. The results of testing found the following: Heavy metals (cadmium, mercury &amp; lead) and arsenic were not detected in the majority of samples, meaning levels were below the limits of quantification of the method. Seven samples contained lead, four samples arsenic and two samples contained cadmium. Mercury was not found in any sample. A definitive statement as to whether products exceed maximum levels cannot be made due to uncertainty as to whether products would be classified as a food (i.e. oil) or a food supplement. A low incidence of low levels of mycotoxins, with Fusarium mycotoxins found more frequently than aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, mostly at the methods reporting limit. Three samples were found to contain ochratoxin A at the methods reporting limit. A total of seven pesticide residues were found across all of the products (each product was tested for over 400 pesticides). There are no specific Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) for CBD products. One oil product was found to have PAHs above the regulated levels, if classed as a product for direct consumption. If classed as a food supplement the PAHs were within regulated levels. Three samples contained residual solvents. One product was over the MRL. Most products contained CBD close to the declared value. Two oils had substantially different levels than that declared (one higher and one lower). CBD was not detected in one of the drink products. These are potentially non-compliant with compositional and standards requirements. Delta 9-THC was detected in 87 % (26) of the samples analysed. Of these 40% (12) were found to have THC+ (the total sum of illicit cannabinoids in the product) above the 1mg threshold outlined in current Home Office guidance (Opens in a new window).
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Apostolatos, A., R. Rossi, and C. Soriano. D7.2 Finalization of "deterministic" verification and validation tests. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.006.

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This deliverable focus on the verification and validation of the solvers of Kratos Multiphysics which are used within ExaQUte. These solvers comprise standard body-fitted approaches and novel embedded approaches for the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations carried out within ExaQUte. Firstly, the standard body-fitted CFD solver is validated on a benchmark problem of high rise building - CAARC benchmark and subsequently the novel embedded CFD solver is verified against the solution of the body-fitted solver. Especially for the novel embedded approach, a workflow is presented on which the exact parameterized Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model is used in an efficient manner for the underlying CFD simulations. It includes: A note on the space-time methods Verification results for the body-fitted solver based on the CAARC benchmark Workflow consisting of importing an exact CAD model, tessellating it and performing embedded CFD on it Verification results for the embedded solver based on a high-rise building API definition and usage
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MacDonald, S., M. Harrison, and K. Heinrich. Analysis of CBD Products (2022-23). Food Standards Agency, 2024. https://doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.vkv674.

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The Food Standards Agency (FSA) commissioned Fera Science Ltd. to carry out a survey of cannabidiol (CBD) products on sale in England and Wales in order to inform FSA risk assessment of CBD products. The survey commenced in October 2022 and was completed in March 2023. 100 CBD products on the FSA public list, at the time of the survey, were purchased from a range of online sellers from England and Wales. Samples comprised of oils and sprays, capsules, confectionary, beverages and a range of miscellaneous products that included other foods and dog treats. The sampling followed a scheme suggested by FSA. There is the potential for residues of chemicals to be present in CBD products as a result of their natural occurrence in the raw material or arising from the manufacturing process, for example, mycotoxins, metals, pesticides, dioxins and the residues of solvents used to extract CBD. This study informs the FSA’s understanding of the type and levels of contaminants that may arise in CBD products. A wide range of analysis on CBD products was undertaken using accredited methods, for heavy metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins, pesticides, mycotoxins, CBD content and cannabinoid profiles. Analysis for residual solvents, furans and additional mycotoxins was also carried out, but these were not accredited.
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MacDonald, R. J., and D. A. Payne. Changing mining methods at CBDC. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328669.

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Horn, Joseph F. Pilot-in-the-Loop CFD Method Development. Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada606861.

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Horn, Joseph F. Pilot-in-the-Loop CFD Method Development. Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada606862.

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Horn, Joseph F. Pilot-in-the-Loop CFD Method Development. Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612108.

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Horn, Joseph F. Pilot in the Loop CFD Method Development. Defense Technical Information Center, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012706.

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Candler, Graham V. Advanced CFD Methods for Hypervelocity Wind Tunnels. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564035.

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McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, et al. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.

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Objectives. To evaluate the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases, reference lists of included studies, submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to July 2021. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence. Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as high-THC to CBD ratio, comparable THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or synthetic. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square and the I2 test for inconsistency. Magnitude of benefit was categorized into no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 2,850 abstracts, 20 RCTs (N=1,776) and 7 observational studies (N=13,095) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none of kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 75 percent enrolled patients with a variety of neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The strength of evidence (SOE) was low, unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=28%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=24%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 30% vs. 8%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 22% vs. 16%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.78, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=39%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=0%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12% vs. 6%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=0%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34). We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=50%; SOE: moderate). Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, topical CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) and study withdrawal due to adverse events with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products in short-term treatment (1 to 6 months). Evidence for whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and PBCs were unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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