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Hartong, Mark W. "Secure Communications Based Train Control (CBTC) operations." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4510.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 164. Thesis director: Duminda Wijesekera. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Technology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-163). Also issued in print.
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Pochet, Juliette. "Evaluation de performance d’une ligne ferroviaire suburbaine partiellement équipée d’un automatisme CBTC." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC005.
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En zone dense, la croissance actuelle du trafic sur les lignes ferroviaires suburbaines conduit les exploitants à déployer des systèmes de contrôle-commande avancés des trains, tels que les systèmes dits « CBTC » (Communication Based Train Control) jusque-là réservés aux systèmes de métro. Les systèmes CBTC mettent en œuvre un pilotage automatique des trains et permettent une amélioration significative des performances. Par ailleurs, ils peuvent inclure un module de supervision de la ligne en charge de réguler la marche des trains en cas d’aléa, améliorant ainsi la robustesse du trafic. Face au problème de régulation, la recherche opérationnelle a produit un certain nombre de méthodes permettant de répondre efficacement aux perturbations, d’une part dans le secteur métro et d’autre part dans le secteur ferroviaire lourd. En tirant profit de l’état de l’art et des avancées faites dans les deux secteurs, les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit cherchent à contribuer à l’adaptation des fonctions de régulation des systèmes CBTC pour l’exploitation de lignes ferroviaires suburbaines. L’approche du problème débute par la construction de l’architecture fonctionnelle d’un module de supervision pour un système CBTC standard. Nous proposons ensuite une méthode de régulation basée sur une stratégie de commande prédictive et sur une optimisation multi-objectif des consignes des trains automatiques. Afin d’être en mesure d’évaluer précisément les performances d’une ligne ferroviaire suburbaine équipée d’un automatisme CBTC, il est nécessaire de s’équiper d’un outil de simulation microscopique adapté. Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit l’outil SNCF nommé SIMONE qui permet une simulation réaliste du point de vue fonctionnel et dynamique d’un système ferroviaire incluant un système CBTC. Les objectifs des travaux de thèse nous ont naturellement conduits à prendre part, avec l’équipe SNCF, à la spécification, à la conception et à l’implémentation de cet outil. Finalement, grâce à l’outil SIMONE, nous avons pu tester la méthode de régulation proposée sur des scénarios impliquant des perturbations. Afin d’évaluer la qualité des solutions, la méthode multi-objectif proposée a été comparée à une méthode de régulation individuelle basée sur une heuristique simple. La méthode de régulation multi-objectif propose de bonnes solutions au problème, dans la majorité des cas plus satisfaisantes que celles proposées par la régulation individuelle, et avec un temps de calcul jugé acceptable. Le manuscrit se termine par des perspectives de recherche intéressantesIn high-density area, the demand for railway transportation is continuously increasing. Operating companies turn to new intelligent signaling and control systems, such as Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) systems previously deployed on underground systems only. CBTC systems operate trains in automatic pilot and lead to increase the line capacity without expensive modification of infrastructures. They can also include a supervision module in charge of adapting train behavior according to operating objectives and to disturbances, increasing line robustness. In the literature of real-time traffic management, various methods have been proposed to supervise and reschedule trains, on the one hand for underground systems, on the other hand for railway systems. Making the most of the state-of-the-art in both fields, the presented work intend to contribute to the design of supervision and rescheduling functions of CBTC systems operating suburban railway systems. Our approach starts by designing a supervision module for a standard CBTC system. Then, we propose a rescheduling method based on a model predictive control approach and a multi-objective optimization of automatic train commands. In order to evaluate the performances of a railway system, it is necessary to use a microscopic simulation tool including a CBTC model. In this thesis, we present the tool developed by SNCF and named SIMONE. It allows realistic simulation of a railway system and a CBTC system, in terms of functional architecture and dynamics. The presented work has been directly involved in the design and implementation of the tool. Eventually, the proposed rescheduling method was tested with the tool SIMONE on disturbed scenarios. The proposed method was compared to a simple heuristic strategy intending to recover delays. The proposed multi-objective method is able to provide good solutions to the rescheduling problem and over-performs the simple strategy in most cases, with an acceptable process time. We conclude with interesting perspectives for future work
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Sofroniou, Chrysostomos. "Roslagsbanan: A capacity comparison between the current ATC system and the implementation of a CBTC system." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302518.
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Communications-based train control (CBTC) aims to improve headways in the railway systems while maintaining or even improving safety. By means of the CBTC systems, the exact position of a train is known more accurately than the traditional signalling systems. It is a continuous, automatic train control system utilizing high-resolution train location determination, independent from track circuits. The system makes use of the telecommunications between the train and track equipment for the traffic management and infrastructure control. Roslagsbanan is a narrow gauge urban railway system that connects Stockholm with the northern suburbs of the city and despite its age and limited capacity, it is one of the most used railways in Sweden. From the beginning, the entire track consisted of single-tracks where the trains had to wait for each other on special meeting tracks. Αn expansion plan is now underway and the authorities are building approximately 22 km of double-track where the trains will be able to meet. All work along the Roslagsbanan aims to increase capacity, safety and accessibility. With more double-tracks and an updated signal system, the risk of traffic disruptions will be reduced and it is possible to have more frequent traffic in the future. This master’s thesis investigates a CBTC implementation in Roslagsbanan according to the current expansion plan and comparisons are conducted between the current capacity of the ATC system. A simulation model is developed that calculates the train’s safe braking curve and safe braking distance and two case studies are examined. The first one: Calculation of the capacity of the train routes and examination a capacity increase by a minimum 20% during rush hour, taking into consideration the current expansion plan in double-tracks. The second one: Calculation of the capacity of the train routes considering double-tracks the entire route. In this way, differences could be seen between the traffic density with single and double-tracks. Several insights were gained during the realization of this project and as well as timetables have been created to visualize the findings of this thesis. The timetable’s regularity time is decreased to a significant degree and more frequent traffic can be accommodated. Furthermore, the capacity is definitely affected by the track/infrastructure design however, it is questionable whether this increase in capacity outweighs the economic factor of expanding the entire route to double-tracks.Kommunikationsbaserad tågkontroll (CBTC) syftar till att förbättra framsteg i järnvägssystemen samtidigt som säkerheten bibehålls eller till och med förbättras. Med hjälp av CBTC-systemen är ett tågs exakta position känd mer exakt än de traditionella signalsystemen. Det är ett kontinuerligt, automatiskt tågkontrollsystem som använder högupplöst tåglägesbestämning, oberoende av spårledning. Systemet använder telekommunikation mellan tåg och spårutrustning för trafikledning och infrastrukturkontroll. Roslagsbanan är ett smalspårigt stadsjärnvägssystem som förbinder Stockholm med stadens norra förorter och trots sin ålder och begränsade kapacitet är det en av de mest använda järnvägarna i Sverige. Från början bestod hela spåret av enkelspår där tågen fick vänta på varandra på speciella mötesstationer. Ett utvecklingsprogram pågår nu och myndigheterna bygger cirka 22 km dubbelspår där tågen kommer att kunna mötas. Allt arbete längs Roslagsbanan syftar till att öka kapacitet, säkerhet och tillgänglighet. Med fler dubbelspår och ett uppdaterat signalsystem minskar risken för trafikstörningar och det är möjligt att ha mer frekvent trafik i framtiden. Detta examensarbete undersöker ett CBTC-genomförande i Roslagsbanan enligt den nuvarande expansionsplanen och jämförelser görs med ATC-systemets nuvarande kapacitet. En simuleringsmodell har utvecklats som beräknar tågets säkra bromskurva och säkra bromssträcka och två fallstudier undersöks. Den första: Beräkning av tåglinjernas kapacitet och undersökning av en kapacitetsökning med minst 20% under rusningstid med hänsyn till den nuvarande expansionsplanen i dubbelspår. Den andra: Beräkning av tåglinjernas kapacitet med tanke på dubbelspår hela rutten. På detta sätt kunde skillnader ses mellan trafiktätheten med enkel- och dubbelspår. Flera insikter gjordes under genomförandet av detta projekt och tidtabeller har skapats för att visualisera resultaten av denna avhandling. Tiden mellan tågen minskas i betydande grad och mer frekvent trafik kan tillgodoses. Dessutom påverkas kapaciteten definitivt av ban-/infrastrukturutformningen, men det är tveksamt om denna kapacitetsökning uppväger den ekonomiska faktorn att utöka hela rutten till dubbelspår.
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Beltrandi, Michele. "Analisi mediante simulazione del cadenzamento e della velocità commerciale per la linea 2 della metropolitana di Milano." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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La tesi è stata sviluppata presso Alstom Ferroviaria S.p.a e si pone l’obiettivo di ottimizzare mediante simulazione il cadenzamento e la velocità commerciale delle linea 2 della Metropolitana di Milano.
Utilizzando il simulatore XdrivE, sviluppato da Alstom Transport Information Solutions, la linea e i treni in essa presenti sono stati modellati utilizzando:
o Modelli di Linea, che definiscono differenti parametri quali la posizione delle banchine, la posizione degli scambi, i gradienti di pendenza, le velocità massime di percorrenza tratto per tratto, i tempi di sosta in banchina;
o Modelli di Treno, che definiscono differenti parametri quali peso, lunghezza, accelerazioni, decelerazioni in frenatura di servizio e frenatura di emergenza, tempi di reazione del treno.
Oltre ai sopracitati modelli, sono stati configurati anche i parametri tipici del sistema di segnalamento CBTC (Communication Based Train Control), comprensivi dei percorsi effettivamente seguiti dai treni durante il servizio commerciale nelle ore di massima frequenza, delle modalità di retrocessione ai capolinea e dei parametri caratteristici della Marcia Automatica.
Il lavoro di modellizzazione e analisi ha portato all’ottenimento di valori di cadenzamento (per la linea principale e per tutti i punti “critici”, quali bivi e capolinea) e velocità commerciale (per tutti i percorsi presi in considerazione) in linea con i risultati attesi (cadenzamento inferiore a 90 secondi, velocità commerciale maggiore di 32 Km/h), evidenziando anche il legame inversamente proporzionale fra i due parametri prestazionali (velocità commerciali maggiori comportano, per motivi di sicurezza, cadenzamenti peggiori, ossia maggiori distanze fra i treni in linea).
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Zimmerman, Marian Rose. "A Randomized Clinical trial of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in a College Student Population." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84307/.
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Nearly 10% of college students experience chronic insomnia. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is an empirically validated multi-component treatment that has been demonstrated to produce reliable and durable benefits in the general adult population. However, there have been no studies examining the effectiveness of multi-component CBTi in a college student population, even though many studies have examined the efficacy of single treatment modalities. These young adults are different from the general adult population because they are in a unique transitional developmental phase as they are maturing from adolescence into adulthood, they are sleepier than adults, they tend to have irregular sleep schedules, and their living situations are often different from the general adult population. In this study college students with chronic insomnia were randomly assigned to either six sessions of CBTi or a wait list control (WLC) group. All participants completed sleep diaries, sleep measures, and psychosocial measures. The results indicated students who received CBTi showed improvements in sleep efficiency (SE), sleep onset latency (SOL), number of awakenings (NWAK), time awake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep quality (SQ). They also had decreased insomnia severity (ISI), dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (DBAS), and general fatigue (MFI), as well as increases in global sleep quality (PSQI).
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Ribeiro, Nuno João Peixoto. "CBCT em endodontia." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4453.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaA Endodontia é uma área da Medicina Dentária responsável pelo estudo da polpa dentária, de todo o sistema de canais radiculares e dos tecidos periapicais, bem como das doenças que os atingem. Em casos de alterações por cárie, fraturas dentárias, trauma dentário, trauma ortodôntico, lesões endo-periodontais, necessidades protéticas e outras patologias Endodônticas, o tratamento Endodôntico está indicado, visando a manutenção do dente na cavidade oral e a saúde dos tecidos periapicais. A imagiologia, área a que a Medicina Dentária recorre frequentemente, associa-se também, e cada vez mais, à Endodontia uma vez que tem vindo, nos últimos anos, a desenvolver novas tecnologias. A Tomografia Computurizada De Feixe Cónico (CBCT) é uma dessas técnicas imagiológicas relativamente recentes, sendo que é um sistema radiológico que possibilita a visualização de imagens tridimensionais de áreas que se pretendam examinar. Assim, com esta opção imagiológica tornar-se-á mais fácil o diagnóstico, tratamento e controlo de diversas patologias. Endodontics is an area of dentistry responsible for study of dental pulp, of the whole system of root canals and Periapical tissues, as well as the diseases that affect them. In cases of dental caries, dental fractures, trauma, endo-perio injuries, prosthetic needs and other pathologies, endodontic treatment may be the solution, as it helps to preserve and the periapical tissues health. Imagiology, it´s a common area used in the Dentistry, and it´s associated more and more to Endodontics, as it has been developing new techniques in the last several years. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is one of those new techniques, and it provides three-dimensional radiological image of the tooth areas that they wish to examine. This Imagiologic choice makes diagnosis and treatment of several deseases easier.
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La, Ciacera Giorgio. "Tomografia computerizzata a fascio conico (CBCT)." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12315/.
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Questo elaborato tratta le apparecchiature per la tomografia computerizzata a fascio conico (CBCT). Inizialmente sono descritte le caratteristiche dei raggi X ed il loro utilizzo in campo clinico, analizzando le varie tipologie di radiografia. Successivamente, si introduce il tomografo computerizzato, del quale si descrive la struttura e i principi di funzionamento, fino ad arrivare alla trattazione dei sistemi CBCT. Di questi viene studiato il funzionamento, il meccanismo di formazione delle immagini, gli ambiti di applicazione e i rispettivi vantaggi e limiti. Infine si analizza la dose di radiazione X emessa dall'apparecchiatura, studiando se il paziente corra rischi sottoponendosi a questi esami radiologici.
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Giles, David. "Cone-beam computed tomography: imaging dose during CBCT scan acquisition and accuracy of CBCT based dose calculations." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95242.
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Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a recent development in radiotherapy for use in image guidance. Image guided radiotherapy using CBCT allows visualization of soft tissue targets and critical structures prior to treatment. Dose escalation is made possible by accurately localizing the target volume while reducing normal tissue toxicity. The kilovoltage x-rays of the cone beam imaging system contribute additional dose to the patient. In this study a 2D reference radiochromic film dosimetry method employing GAFCHROMICTM model XR-QA film is used to measure point skin doses and dose profiles from the Elekta XVI CBCT system integrated onto the Synergy linac. The soft tissue contrast of the daily CBCT images makes adaptive radiotherapy possible in the clinic. In order to track dose to the patient or utilize on-line replanning for adaptive radiotherapy the CBCT images must be used to calculate dose. A Hounsfield unit calibration method for scatter correction is investigated for heterogeneity corrected dose calculation in CBCT images. Three Hounsfield unit to density calibration tables are used for each of four cases including patients and an anthropomorphic phantom, and the calculated dose from each is compared to results from the clinical standard fan beam CT. The dose from the scan acquisition is reported and the effect of scan geometry and total output of the x-ray tube on dose magnitude and distribution is shown. The ability to calculate dose with CBCT is shown to improve with the use of patient specific density tables for scatter correction, and for high beam energies the calculated dose agreement is within 1%.La tomographie par faisceaux conique (CBCT) informatisée a été récemment développée en radiothérapie pour l'utilisation de guidage par imagerie. La radiothérapie guidée par imagerie (IGRT) utilisant le CBCT, permet la visualisation des cibles à tissus mous et des structures critiques avant le traitement. En localisant précisément la cible, une « escalade » de dose est rendue possible et la toxicité des tissus sains est réduite. Les rayons-X à basse énergie (kilovoltage) du system d'imagerie du CBCT, contribue à une dose additionnelle pour le patient. Dans cette étude, une méthode dosimétrique utilisant un film 2D radiochromic (Gafchromic film, model XR-QA) a été employé pour mesurer des points de dose à la peau ainsi que des profiles de dose. Cette étude a été réalisée à l'aide d'un system d'Elekta XVI CBCT installé sur un accélérateur linéaire du Synergy. Le contraste des images quotidiennes du CBCT des tissus mous rend possible au niveau clinique l'utilisation de la radiothérapie adaptive. Dans le but de suivre la dose administrée au patient ou utiliser de la replanification en ligne pour la radiothérapie adaptive, les images CBCT doivent être utilisées pour le calcul de dose. Une calibration des unités de Hounsfield par méthode de correction de dispersion est examinée dans le cas de dose calculée dans des milieux hétérogènes pour les images CBCT. Trois unités de Hounsfield par table de calibration de densité sont utilisées pour chaque des quatre cas incluant des patients et un fantôme anthropomorphique. Le calcul de dose pour chaque cas est comparé avec les résultats cliniques standards de tomographie par faisceaux en éventail. La dose acquise avec le scanner est reportée et l'effet géométrique du scanner ainsi que le débit total du tube a rayon-X sur la magnitude et la distribution de la dose sont montrés. La capacité de calculer la dose avec un CBCT est présentée dans le but d'amélio
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Kelur, Ashok. "Model checking of multicore software using CBMC." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-182169.
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Computers have been key subsystems in various complex systems. As computers are adapted into various fields, hardware and software are increasing in size and complexity. It is evident that parallel computing is the way to solve large scale complex information technology problems. Engineers designing hardware and software are required to verify the system for correctness. As system's size and complexity increases, it is difficult to perform manual system verification. Model checking converts a hardware or software solution into temporal logic and uses solvers to assert on properties of solution. A Bounded Model Checker can verify properties of program/logic within bounded limits. CBMC is a Bounded Model Checker for ANSI-C and C++ programs. Thesis work is done considering an Ericsson's multicore platform as case study, which uses DSP-C as programming language. DSP-C is a set of language extensions on ISO C programming language. These extensions allow programmers to describe features of Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The work includes extending CBMC to support DSP-C, identifying Bounded Model Checking (BMC) techniques to cope-up with concurrency of Ericsson's multicore Digital Signal Processor (DSP) platform and implementing new features in CBMC to detect issues with Ericsson's parallel software.
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Pichotka, Martin Peter [Verfasser], and Caroline [Akademischer Betreuer] Röhr. "Iterative CBCT reconstruction-algorithms for a spectroscopic Medipix-Micro-CT = Iterative CBCT Rekonstruktions-Algorithmen für ein spektroskopisches Medipix-Mikro-CT." Freiburg : Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1115495674/34.
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Loock, Marianne. "CBAC – a model for conflict-based access control." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25423.
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Organisations that seek a competitive advantage cannot afford to compromise their brand reputation or expose it to disrepute. When employees leek information, it is not only the breach of confidentiality that is a problem, but it also causes a major brand reputation problem for the organisation. Any possible breach of confidentiality should be minimised by implementing adequate security within the organisation and among its employees. An important issue to address is the development of suitable access control models that are able to restrict access not only to unauthorised data sets, but also to unauthorised combinations of data sets. Within organisations such as banks, clients may exist that are in conflict with one another. This conflict results from the fact that clients are functioning in the same business domain and that their information should be shielded from one another because they are in competition for various reasons. When information on any of these conflicting clients is extracted from their data sets via a data-mining process and used to their detriment or to the benefit of the guilty party, this is considered a breach of confidentiality. In data-mining environments, access control usually strips the data of any identity so as to concentrate on tendencies and ensure that data cannot be traced back to a respondent. There is an active research field in data mining that focuses specifically on ‘preserving’ the privacy of the data during the data-mining process. However, this approach does not account for those situations when data mining needs to be performed to give answers to specific clients. In such cases, when the clients’ identity cannot be stripped, it is essential to minimise the chances of a possible breach of confidentiality. For this reason, this thesis investigated an environment where conflicting clients’ information can easily be gathered and used or sold, as to justify the inclusion of conflict management in the proposed access control model. This thesis presents the Conflict-based Access Control (CBAC) model. The model makes it possible to manage conflict on different levels of severity among the clients of an organisation – not only as specified by the clients, but also as calculated by the organisation. Both types of conflict have their own cut-off points when the conflict is considered to be of no value any longer. Finally, a proof-of-concept prototype illustrates that the incorporation of conflict management is a viable solution to the problem of access control as it minimises the chances of a breach of confidentialityThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Computer Science
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Lalani, Sara. "Three-dimensional CBCT analysis of cranial base symmetry." Thesis, Boston University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37816.
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Thesis (MSD) --Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 2015 (Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics).Includes bibliographic references: leaves 37-42.
Background: Craniofacial skeletal asymmetry is a common finding in the general population that often goes undetected. Interest in this topic has led to many studies aimed at describing this type of asymmetry, its distribution and etioIogy. The cranial base, being cIosely related to the face and brain, is a key component in craniofacial growth and may also display varying amounts of asymmetry contributing to this anomaly. Though many studies have explored underlying skeletal asymmetry, most of them were limited by their two-dimensional method of investigation. With the advent of three-dimensional technology, more recent studies have had the advantage of studying the cranial base in its true anatomic form, resulting in greater accuracy of analysis. Despite access to this technoIogy, there is still a lack of literature regarding the cranial base in a normal population. Determining average skull base dimensions will provide a set of normative data that can be used as a reference for future studies. Material and Methods: Pre-treatment Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) films of 160 esthetic human subjects previously used by another investigator were screened for use in our current research. These DICOM files were imported into InVivoDental5.3 software (Anatomage[TM]; San Jose, Calif.) for screening and 70 CBCT scans were selected for analysis. All patients were classified as cervical vertebral stage 4 and above. The images were oriented in all three planes of space for uniformity and 14 bilateral anatomic landmarks were identified on each scan. A mid-sagittal reference plane was created using crista galli as the origin, and extending a perpendicular passing through the middle of the right and left clinoid points connected by a line, and through posterior points basion and opisthion. Each landmark was given an x-, y- and z- coordinate representing its three dimensional position and bilateral linear measurements to the reference plane were recorded using the software system. Statistical Analysis: InVivoDental5.3 software was used to calculate linear distances between each landmark and the mid-sagittal plane. This data was exported into Microsoft excel for analysis. Descriptive statistics of our sample and paired t-tests with a 5% significance level, or p value of 0.05, were performed. Results: The means of the right and left measurements of each bilateral landmark were calculated along with their standard deviations. A comparison between right and left means was accomplished with the use of paired t-tests. 12 1andmarks did not show a statistical difference in their locations on either side of the mid-sagittal plane. However, the means of 2 landmarks were found to be statistically significant. These were euryon (p = 0.01) and the jugular foramen (p = 0.00) Conclusion: The overall trend of our data indicated that the cranial base in a normal population, without craniofacial anomaly, displays symmetry, with the exception of the location of euryon and the jugular foramen. These findings are in accordance with those of similar three-dimensional studies. It is likely that the significant findings were due to tracing error, given the indiscrete location of euryon and the large, relatively asymmetric shape of the jugular foramen. However, if these structures are truly asymmetric, we can infer from our sample of symmetric patients, that there is no clinical relevance. Further studies with an increased sample size, additional landmarks or a more discrete sample can be performed to continue describing the skull base. The results of this study offer valuable reference data that can be used as a baseline for future studies.
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Kirkpatrick, David J. A. "Therapists' self-practice of CBT." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2015. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/13921/.
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This study investigated the prevalence of voluntary self-practice of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) by accredited CBT practitioners, and explored the ability of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to predict intentions to engage in CBT self-practice. A TPB questionnaire was constructed by implementing the protocol devised by Francis et al. (2004), with content specific items generated from an elicitation exercise to obtain salient beliefs regarding CBT self-practice. A sample of 177 accredited CBT practitioners completed an online survey which included demographic items and the TPB questionnaire. It was found that 46.4% of participants intended to self-practice CBT more than once a week over the following month. While the TPB predicted intentions to self-practice CBT (R2 = .445, p < .001), structural equation modeling revealed that the theory of reasoned action (R2 = .473, p < .001) was the best model fit of the observed data (RMSEA = .00, CFI = 1.00). It was concluded that a substantial proportion of CBT practitioners intended to regularly engage in CBT self-practice, with intentions predicted by subjective normative beliefs and attitudes towards the behaviour. Implications are discussed, with calls for the study to be replicated. Potential future research is considered, with suggestions to explore the role of CBT self-practice to promote therapist wellbeing.
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Perez, Córdova Gynna, Saldivar Claudia Ponce, and Marin Alberto Vaivads. "Valorización de CBC Peruana S.A.C." Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/2342.
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En este informe se ha realizado una estimación del valor económico de la empresa CBC Peruana S.A.C., al 31 de diciembre de 2018, aplicando como método para su valoración el flujo de caja libre descontado (FCFF). CBC Peruana es una empresa de reciente creación (2015) dedicada a la fabricación, distribución y comercialización de bebidas no alcohólicas. Forma parte del grupo guatemalteco The Central America Bottling Corporation (CBC) y, en el Perú, es la embotelladora y distribuidora exclusiva de PepsiCo; a nivel nacional cuenta con dos plantas embotelladoras y su distribución llega a más de 200 mil puntos de venta. En el Perú, la industria de bebidas no alcohólicas ha experimentado un rápido crecimiento en las categorías de bebidas energéticas, isotónicas, agua embotellada y still drinks; sin embargo, en los últimos años, el crecimiento de las bebidas carbonatadas se ha visto afectado por la creciente tendencia del mercado al consumo de bebidas saludables. El crecimiento de este sector se encuentra fuertemente correlacionado con el PIB y la demanda interna, por lo que se proyecta un mayor crecimiento de este mercado, especialmente en las categorías antes mencionadas. El objetivo de CBC Peruana está orientado a lograr una mayor penetración de mercado a través de la utilización de estrategias de diferenciación y liderazgo en costos. Actualmente, sus principales competidores son Arca Continental y el Grupo Aje. Para la valoración han sido proyectados los flujos para un periodo de 10 años (2019-2028).
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Collins, Ronan. "'Client choice' : how some CBT therapists construct collaboration : implications for CBT and counselling psychology practice." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2016. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/client-choice-how-some-cbt-therapists-construct-collaboration--implications-for-cbt-and-counselling-psychology-practice(db45cd83-20bf-4c12-a917-256c04221ed1).html.
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Collaboration between therapist and client has been put forward as a core element of successful therapeutic encounters. There has been debate as to the nature of collaboration in cognitive behavioural therapy. In the UK this debate has intensified since the introduction of Increasing Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) in 2008 as CBT is the favoured therapeutic modality within IAPT. Collaboration in CBT has been conceptualised in dichotomous ways. From one perspective it is constructed in positivistic terms, in which the therapist implements manualised protocols with little consideration for the therapeutic relationship; from the other perspective collaboration is constructed in dialogic terms, in which therapist and client use CBT interventions to consider new meanings that the client deems to be relevant. The current study used a discourse analytic methodology to investigate how CBT therapists construct collaboration in their therapeutic practices. The aim was to explicate interpretive repertories that participants used in the construction of collaboration. Semi-structured interviews were used with 8 CBT therapists. Questions related to the arguments for and against the nature of collaboration in CBT. A client choice interpretive repertoire was used by all participants. It was constructed in various ways in line with either positivistic or dialogic perspectives or elements of both. Individual participants constructed client choice from both perspectives suggesting that the dichotomy in perspectives on collaboration in CBT may not be clear-cut. There is an implication for counselling psychology practitioners to reflect on their use of dichotomous perspectives to conceptualise their professional identities.
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Zimmerman, Jason Noah. "Reliability of upper pharyngeal airway assessment using dental CBCT." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62653.
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Introduction: Upper airway analysis is an often-cited use of CBCT imaging in orthodontics, however the reliability of airway measurements using this technology is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability of the complete process of volumetric and cross-sectional area assessments of the upper airway using CBCT imaging.
Methods: Five examiners of varying levels of education and clinical experience performed manual orientation, slice and threshold selection, and measured nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and total upper pharyngeal airway volumes in addition to minimum cross-sectional area on the CBCT images of 10 patients. All measurements were repeated after 4-weeks. Intra and inter-examiner reliability was calculated using ICC and 95% CI.
Results: Threshold selection showed poor intra and inter-examiner reliability, while minimum cross-sectional area showed moderate intra and poor inter-examiner reliability. Intra-examiner reliability of volumetric measurements varied based on the anatomical region assessed with ICC ranging from 0.747-0.976, and was worst for hypopharynx and best for the oropharynx. Inter-examiner reliability of volume measurements was generally lower, with ICC ranging from 0.175-0.945, and was worst for nasopharynx and best for the oropharynx.
Conclusions: This study, for the first time, assessed the reliability of upper airway analysis with CBCT when all steps of image processing and measurement are performed by each examiner. Reliability improved with examiner experience, though was generally low for the hypopharynx and nasopharynx volumes and overall minimal cross sectional area. The oropharyngeal volume was the only parameter to have excellent intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability.Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate
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ARVELO, FRANCISCO. "Approche biologique du cancer bronchique a petites cellules (cbpc)." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066381.
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Dans ce travail nous avons essaye de definir de marqueurs tumoraux qui pourraient avoir une signification clinique dans le pronostic et la prediction de la sensibilite au traitement antitumoral a partir de lignees tumorales etablies sur souris nude. Dans la premiere partie, nous avons procede a l'analyse des marqueurs tumoraux par l'expression des oncogenes et de genes. Les resultats montrent que les cbpc sont heterogenes quant a l'expression des oncogenes et de genes. Dans la deuxieme partie, nous avons aussi etudie la chimiosensibilite de cbpc aux drogues antitumorales. Les tumeurs cbpc ont montre une grande chimiosensibilite aux traitements therapeutiques, mais ne sont pas chimiocurables lorsqu'ils sont implantes chez la souris nude, reproduisent ainsi les observations faites chez les patients d'ou les tumeurs ont ete obtenus. Finalement, nous avons etabli 5 lignees cellulaires in vitro a partir de cbpc etablis sur souris nude. Les cellules in vitro gardent des caracteristiques similaires aux tumeurs dont elles sont originaires
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Junes, Prado Luisa. "Utilización de CBCT en retratamiento endodóntico selectivo no quirúrgico." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625916.
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El retratamiento de canales radiculares es una alternativa ante el fracaso endodóntico. Este procedimiento tiene como objetivo reducir los síntomas que pueden presentarse o agravarse posterior al tratamiento de endodoncia.
El procedimiento del retratamiento de canales sigue la premisa que aparentemente la calidad del material de obturación en todo el sistema de canales es deficiente, por consiguiente, todo el material debe ser retirado.
Actualmente, con mejores técnicas de análisis imagenológico es posible identificar el origen de la lesión apical, por lo tanto, es posible seleccionar los canales pulpares con tratamiento deficiente y poder ser tratados de forma individual.
De esta manera, el retratamiento selectivo de canales podría evitar el desgaste innecesario de canales en buen estado.Root canal Retreatment is an alternative in the face off endodontic failure. This procedure aims to reduce the symptoms that may occur or worsen after the endodontic treatment. The root canal retreatment procedure follows the premise that apparently the quality of the filling material in the entire canal system is deficient, therefore, all the material must be removed. Currently, with better techniques of image analysis it is possible to identify the origin of the apical lesion, therefore, it is possible to select the pulp canals with poor treatment and be able to treat them individually. In this way, the selective root canal retreatment could avoid the unnecessary wear of root canals in good condition.
Trabajo académico
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Wood, Ryan LaDell. "Factors Affecting Alveolar Bone Height Measurements from CBCT Images." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1331044145.
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Woland, Bradley David. "CBCT-derived norms for tip and torque in Caucasians." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37824.
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Thesis (MSD) --Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 2014 (Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics).Includes bibliographic references: leaves 38-40.
Background: Previous CBCT studies have established standards for mesiodistal angulations and faciolingual inclinations of the dentition in a non-Caucasian population. These standards help ensure proper root positioning, since they are not based solely on the clinical crowns. Objective: to use the USC root vector analysis to measure the tip and torque of teeth to establish Caucasian norms. Methods: We measured and obtained mean mesiodistal and faciolingual angulations from each whole tooth from 34 pretreatment and 43 previously treated Caucasian patients, by using the University of Southern California root vector analysis program in Dolphin 3D. We used descriptive statistics to present normal torque and tip values. Two-Sample t-test was executed to compare right tip and torque values to the left side. One sample t-test was used to compare our Caucasian sample to the multi-ethnic sample in Tong et al. paper, and to compare pretreatment to post-treatment patients within the Caucasian group. Results: Comparing right to the left tip and torque values in our sample showed no significant difference (P[greater than]0.05). We compared our study sample to the USC sample norm and we found that there was statistical significant difference in almost all tip and torque values (P[less than]0.05). We found no statistically significant difference in angulation of teeth between treated and untreated Caucasian patients. Conclusion: We measured and obtained mean mesiodistal and faciolingual angulations from each whole tooth from 34 pretreatment and 43 previously treated Caucasian patients′ by using the University of Southem California root vector analysis program in Dolphin 3D. When comparing the right side to the left side of the treated and untreated Caucasian groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the measurements for either tip or torque. We found a statistically significant difference in angulation of teeth between Caucasian and USC populations. We found no statistically significant difference in angulation of teeth between treated and untreated Caucasian patients.
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Turkington, Douglas. "Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271209.
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Giacometti, Simone. "CBC bound proteins and RNA fate." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTS028.
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Le complexe de liaison de la coiffe des ARN (CBC) joue un rôle essentiel dans leur maturation et déclenche une variété de réactions biochimiques, via son interaction avec différents partenaires. Deux complexes, CBC-ARS2-PHAX (CBCAP), et CBC-ARS2-ZC3H18-NEXT (CBCN), ont récemment été montré comme important pour cibler les ARN vers l'export (CBCAP) ou la dégradation (CBCN). Cependant, les mécanismes par lesquels la sélection se fait pour l'une voie ou l'autre reste mystérieuse. Ainsi, une question majeure qui reste à résoudre est de savoir quand et comment ces complexes sont recrutés sur les ARN. Dans ce travail, j'ai utilisé la procédure du iCLIP (Cross-Linking and Immuno-Precipitation), afin d'identifier les cibles de ces complexes sur l'ensemble du transcriptome humain. J'ai réalisé un iCLIP sur cinq composants de CBCAP et CBCN, et j'ai comparé les résultats à ceux obtenus avec RBM7, un composant de NEXT précédemment étudié par iCLIP. Mes résultats indiquent que: (i) CBP20, ARS2, PHAX et ZC3H18 se lient près de la coiffe des ARN, tandis que RBM7 et MTR4 se lient partout; (ii) CBP20, ARS2, PHAX et ZC3H18 s'associent à un large ensemble d'ARN transcrits par l'ARN polymérase II et montrent une faible sélectivité; (iii) la liaison de ces protéines varie avec l'état de maturation des ARN, avec le CBC enrichi sur les ARN matures, tout comme ARS2/PHAX/ZC3H18 et MTR4 (bien que dans une moindre mesure), tandis que RBM7 est préférentiellement lié sur les pre-mRNAs non épissés; (iv) une liaison différentielle de RBM7 et MTR4 sur les ARN, avec RBM7 enrichi sur les introns et les PROMPTs, et MTR4 plus présent sur les ARN mature. Bien que des expériences additionnelles soient requises, nous proposons que le CBCAP et le CBCN se lient à un même ensemble d'ARN, ce qui indique à la fois une compétition entre ZC3H18 et PHAX pour la liaison à ces ARN, et l'absence de voies de routage bien déterminées qui ciblerait les ARN vers l'une ou l'autre de ces protéines. Le devenir des ARN pourrait ainsi être déterminé par d'autres caractéristiques des ARN, ou encore par des protéines additionnelles. Ces facteurs pourraient s'allier aux protéines liées à la coiffe afin de favoriser la formation du CBCAP ou du CBCN. Dans le but d’identifier des facteurs additionnels, j'ai réalisé un screen d'interaction par spectrométrie de masse après purification de ARS2 ou CBP80. Ceci a été fait dans des conditions natives ou après un cross-link des complexes à la formaldéhyde, afin de stabiliser les interactions transitoires. Ceci a permis d'identifier de nouveaux partenaires de ARS2 et de CBP80, dont la majorité sont impliqués dans l'épissage des ARN. Des expériences additionnelles seront nécessaires pour valider ces interactionsThe cap-binding complex (CBC) plays a pivotal role in post-transcriptional processing events and orchestrates a variety of metabolic pathways, through association with different interaction partners. Two CBC sub-complexes, the CBC-ARS2-PHAX (CBCAP) and the CBC-nuclear exosome targeting (NEXT) complex (CBCN), were recently shown to target capped RNA either toward export or degradation, but the mechanisms by which they can discriminate between different RNA families and route them toward different metabolic pathways still remain unclear. A major question to be answered is how and when the different CBC subcomplexes are recruited to the RNP. Here, we used an individual nucleotide-resolution UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) approach to identify the transcriptome-wide targets for 5 different components of the CBCAP and CBCN complexes, and compared results to the previously analysed NEXT-component RBM7. We report that: (i) CBP20, ARS2, PHAX and ZC3H18 bind close to the cap, while RBM7 and MTR4 bind throughout the mRNA body; (ii) CBP20, ARS2, PHAX and ZC3H18 associate with a broad set of RNA polymerase II (PolII)-derived RNAs and have only mild species preferences; (iii) binding varies with the RNA maturation stage, with the CBC being highly enriched on mature mRNA, ARS2/PHAX/ZC3H18/MTR4 less so, and RMB7 preferentially bound to pre-mRNAs; (iv) MTR4 and RBM7 show different specificities, with RBM7 being highly enriched on introns and promoter upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), while MTR4 is additionally present on mature RNAs. Although more experimental work is needed to fully support our model, we propose that CBCAP and CBCN bind overlapping sets of RNAs, indicating a competition between the proteins ZC3H18 and PHAX, and the lack of a strict RNA sorting mechanism. RNA fate may therefore be determined by additional RNA features and/or by other RNA-binding proteins, which may synergize with the cap and drive the formation of one specific CBC subcomplex instead of another. In an attempt to identify yet unknown factors that may interact with cap-bound CBCAP and CBCN, we performed a protein interaction screen leveraging affinity capture-mass spectrometry (ACMS), using ARS2 and CBP80 as bait proteins. As a complementary approach, we also employed a formaldehyde-based chemical cross-linking strategy, aimed at stabilizing weak/transient interactions. Although we failed to detect any transient interactions involving the CBC, we identified several potential CBC80 and ARS2 interactors, the majority of which are involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Additional quantitative experiments are required to validate our ACMS results and confirm the existence of such protein interactions in vivo
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Katkar, Rujuta Amol. "Comparison of observer reliability of three-dimensional cephalometric landmark identification on subject images from Galileos and i-CAT CBCT." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3478.
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Gunn, Anthony. "The automated CBT psychologist: the development and trial of an online cbt treatment program for stuttering adolescents." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12745.
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Introduction: This thesis took a successfully trialed, fully automated Internet based CBT (iCBT) program for treating socially anxious stuttering adults, known as CBTpsych (see Helgadottir, Menzies, Onslow, Packman & O'Brian, 2009b), and adapted it for stuttering adolescents. This saw the development and phase I trial of a fully automated iCBT program that targets social anxiety in stuttering adolescents, and does not require clinician involvement. Method: The adolescent iCBT program used algorithms to tailor treatment to each user’s specific issues relating to social anxiety. All seven modules in the iCBT program were designed around Clark and Wells’ (1995) model of social anxiety. Twelve stuttering adolescents presenting for stuttering treatment at the Australian Stuttering Research Centre (ASRC) were offered iCBT program access for five months. Participants were not allowed access to a psychologist during the trial. Results: Of the 12 participants enrolled in the study, three never started the iCBT program. Nine participants used the iCBT program, and 44% (n = 4/9) completed it. Only four participants returned their post-treatment assessment booklets. Post-treatment analysis revealed reductions in assessment scores for those who completed the program. Post-trial phone interviews with five of the nine participants who used the program suggested: (1) a positive response to iCBT; (2) that time constraints and school pressures act as a serious barrier for this age group accessing Internet based treatment. Conclusion: In line with earlier findings on this age group, stuttering adolescents were shown to be a difficult population to engage, evident by the high non-completion rate of the iCBT program (42%, n = 5/12) and the high non-completion rate of post-trial assessment booklets (67%, n = 8/12). More research is needed to find ways of lifting adolescent completion rates with Internet based treatment.
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RIBEIRO, BIANCA KWIATKOWSKI. "STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT OF BUDGET PLANNING ON ORGANIZATIONS: THE CBTU CASE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5833@1.
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Atualmente, o setor de transporte, no Brasil, está sofrendo
um processo de descentralização por meio da estadualização
com vistas à privatização. Para acompanhar tais mudanças, a
Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos - CBTU está
reestruturando suas atividades e seu planejamento
estratégico. Nesse contexto, o grande problema da empresa é
ser deficitária em um país onde a maior parte da população
é de baixa renda e os sistemas de transporte público não são
auto-sustentáveis. O propósito desta pesquisa é investigar
como assegurar o alinhamento estratégico do planejamento
orçamentário em uma empresa pública, precisamente a CBTU,
cujo objetivo principal é satisfazer as necessidades da
sociedade. A investigação foi desenvolvida, usando a
metodologia de estudo de caso, sendo a CBTU a empresa foco.
Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por meio de
investigação documental e telematizada, questionários,
predominantemente, estruturados e entrevistas, e tratados
com métodos quantitativos e qualitativos. A interpretação e
a análise dos dados foram realizadas com base no
referencial teórico, fundamentado em revisão de literatura
pertinente à área de estudo, com auxílio do modelo genérico
integrativo de Macedo-Soares (2001b). Os resultados
evidenciaram inconsistência entre o planejamento
orçamentário e a estratégia da empresa. Também foi possível
identificar os fatores organizacionais que contribuem e os
que não contribuem para esse alinhamento. Ao final do
trabalho, compartilham-se as lições a respeito do estudo de
caso na CBTU.Currently, the transportation sector in Brazil is passing through a decentralization process in order to be privatized. To follow these changes the Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos - CBTU is reorganizing its activities and its strategical planning. In this context, the biggest problem of the company is to be in debt in a country where the great part of the population is poor. Bisides that, the public transportation system is not self sustainable. The purpose of this research is to investigate how to line up strategically the budget planning in a public company, necessarily CBTU, and how to meet the society necessities is its main objective. The investigation was developed using the case study methdology, being the CBTU the company focus. The data of the research were collected by documental/telematic investigations, interviews and questionnaires, treated with quantitative and qualitative methods. The data interpretation and analysis were conducted based on the theoretical references from the literature review, with the support of the systemic and integrative model developed by Macedo-Soares (2001b). The results evidenced inconsistency between the budget planning and the firm`s strategy objectives. Also, it was possible to identify the organizational factors that contribute and the ones that do not contribute for this alignment. Finally, this study shares lessons of the case study in the CBTU.
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Yau, Arnold K. L. "Side channel analyses of CBC mode encryption." Thesis, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537515.
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Meredith, David. "Computing pitch names in tonal music : a comparative analysis of pitch spelling algorithms." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fa543bd6-cbdc-4206-a6f6-518f54c8c49a.
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A pitch spelling algorithm predicts the pitch names (e.g., C♯4, B♭5 etc.) of the notes in a passage of tonal music, when given the onset-time, MIDI note number and possibly the duration and voice of each note. A new algorithm, called ps13, was compared with the algorithms of Longuet-Higgins, Cambouropoulos, Temperley and Chew and Chen by running various versions of these algorithms on a ‘clean’, score-derived test corpus, C, containing 195972 notes, equally divided between eight classical and baroque composers. The standard deviation of the accuracies achieved by each algorithm over the eight composers was used to measure style dependence (SD). The best versions of the algorithms were tested for robustness to temporal deviations by running them on a ‘noisy’ version of the test corpus, denoted by C'. A version of ps13 called PS13s1 was the most accurate of the algorithms tested, achieving note accuracies of 99.44% (SD = 0.45) on C and 99.41% (SD = 0.50) on C'. A real-time version of PS13s1 also out-performed the other real-time algorithms tested, achieving note accuracies of 99.19% (SD = 0.51) on C and 99.16% (SD = 0.53) on C'. PS13s1 was also as fast and easy to implement as any of the other algorithms. New, optimised versions of Chew and Chen’s algorithm were the least dependent on style over C. The most accurate of these achieved note accuracies of 99.15% (SD = 0.42) on C and 99.12% (SD = 0.47) on C'. It was proved that replacing the spiral array in Chew and Chen’s algorithm with the line of fifths never changes its output. A new, optimised version of Cambouropoulos’s algorithm made 8% fewer errors over C than the most accurate of the versions described by Cambouropoulos himself. This algorithm achieved note accuracies of 99.15% (SD = 0.47) on C and 99.07% (SD = 0.53) on C'. A new implementation of the most accurate of the versions described by Cambouropoulos achieved note accuracies of 99.07% (SD = 0.46) on C and 99.13% (SD = 0.39) on C', making it the least dependent on style over C'. However, Cambouropoulos’s algorithms were among the slowest of those tested. When Temperley and Sleator’s harmony and meter programs were used for pitch spelling, they were more affected by temporal deviations and tempo changes than any of the other algorithms tested. When enharmonic changes were ignored and the music was at a natural tempo, these programs achieved note accuracies of 99.27% (SD = 1.30) on C and 97.43% (SD = 1.69) on C'. A new implementation, called TPROne, of just the first preference rule in Temperley’s theory achieved note accuracies of 99.06% (SD = 0.63) on C and 99.16% (SD = 0.52) on C'. TPROne’s performance was independent of tempo and less dependent on style than that of the harmony and meter programs. Of the several versions of Longuet-Higgins’s algorithm tested, the best was the original one, implemented in his music.p program. This algorithm achieved note accuracies of 98.21% (SD = 1.79) on C and 98.25% (SD = 1.71) on C', but only when the data was processed a voice at a time. None of the attempts to take voice-leading into account in the algorithms considered in this study resulted in an increase in note accuracy and the most accurate algorithm, PS13s1, ignores voice-leading altogether. The line of fifths is used in most of the algorithms tested, including PS13s1. However, the superior accuracy achieved by PS13s1 suggests that pitch spelling accuracy can be optimised by modelling the local key as a pitch class frequency distribution instead of a point on the line of fifths, and by keeping pitch names close to the local tonic(s) on the line of fifths rather than close on the line of fifths to the pitch names of neighbouring notes.
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Favaro, Elena. "Cancer metabolic pathways regulated by hypoxia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a148c7a8-cb0c-4760-8073-678299fd837d.
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Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells provides energy and important metabolites required to sustain tumour proliferation. Hypoxia represents a hostile environment that can encourage these transformations and other adaptive responses that contribute to poor prognosis and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Hypoxic signatures associated with worse prognosis were previously derived in different cancer types, and led to the selection of two candidates with potential metabolic implications, namely the mir210-putuative target iron-sulfur scaffold protein ISCU and glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL). Firstly, it was verified that the hypoxia-induced miR-210 targets ISCU. Iron-sulfur clusters represent cofactors for key enzymes involved in Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. Downregulation of ISCU was associated with the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mitochondrial complex I and aconitase activity, caused a shift to glycolysis in normoxia and enhanced cell survival. This indicates that the induction of a single microRNA, miR-210, can mediate a new mechanism of adaptation to hypoxia, by regulating mitochondrial function via iron-sulfur cluster metabolism and free radical generation. Secondly, it was found that changes in PYGL expression reflect a characteristic upregulation of glycogen metabolism in hypoxia in both tumour xenografts and in cancer cell lines. More specifically, hypoxia stimulates glycogen accumulation and its utilisation, as well as the concurrent upregulation of several glycogen-metabolizing enzymes such as glycogen synthase (GYS1) and PYGL. PYGL depletion led to glycogen accumulation in hypoxic cells, increased intracellular levels of ROS, and a reduction in proliferation due to a p53-dependent induction of senescence. Furthermore, depletion of PYGL was associated with markedly impaired tumorigenesis in vivo. Finally, metabolic analyses indicated that glycogen degradation by PYGL is important for the optimal functioning of the pentose phosphate pathway. Collectively, this study shows the contribution of two important pathways to the metabolic adaptations induced by hypoxia.
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Moreira, de Sousa Micaela Filipa. "A comparative study of die attach strategies for use in harsh environments." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b98427d6-cb9c-48dc-86a6-e364af5fcccf.
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Well-logging and aerospace applications require electronics capable of withstanding elevated temperature operation. A key element of high temperature packaging technology is the Si die attach material, and a comparative study of two die attach systems for use in harsh environment has been performed. Die bond sample packages, using commercial adhesives and an Au-Si eutectic solder, have been manufactured and were subsequently thermally exposed for various times at 250 and 300°C respectively. The adhesive die bond packages comprised a high temperature co-fired ceramic (HTCC) substrate with W, Ni and Au metallisations whereas the Au-Si die bond packages used thick film Au metallised on a Al₂O₃ substrate. Optimisation of the eutectic die bonding parameters was successfully performed for the Au-Si system by an experimental design method, which improved mean and spread of maximum bonded areas and consequently, the shear load to failure. Bonded area was systematically assessed by scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) followed by digital image analysis (DIA). Accelerated testing comprised thermal cycling and thermal shock and although showing some degradation, Au-2wt%Si die bonds were surprisingly robust, showing excellent subsequent stability during industrial device testing investigations.
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Kördel, Mikael. "A Physical X-Ray Scintillator Detector Model for CBCT Imaging Applications." Thesis, KTH, Medicinsk bildfysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147690.
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Padala, Soumya. "A Grey-level Assisted Method for CBCT Alveolar Bone Height Measurements." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1396005811.
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Srinivasan, Soorya. "Reliability and Accuracy of Assessing TAD - Tooth Root Contact using CBCT." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1553782462280014.
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Kessling, Paul Christopher II. "Suppression of CBCT X-ray Scatter Using Bite Registration (PVS) Material." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594998120708499.
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Campbell, Matthew Stephen. "A Practical Method to Superimpose Sella Turcica in Serial CBCT Images." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/470228.
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Oral BiologyM.S.
Introduction: We argue, for studies of growth or treatment changes, superimposed CBCT images ought to be employed routinely. The location of 3D landmarks on curved structures, however, has been complex. In this study, a reliable method of CBCT superimposition was developed with the aid of AMIRA XImage® software. The specific focus was to develop a practical method for cranial base superimpositions at sella turcica in serial CBCT images. Subsequently, evaluations of the anterior curvature of hypophyseal fossa during growth were completed to confirm the stability. Comparisons of surface changes in the superimposed images in different regions were also made. Methods: Samples of pre- and post-orthodontic CBCT data were procured from Case Western Reserve University. Cranial base changes in 10 adolescent patients of Class I and II hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent malocclusions, were observed over an average interval of 2 years and 5 months. Cranial base models were superimposed using a rigid registration technique, and 3D models constructed from manual segmentation in the AMIRA software. Surface distance changes of the entire cranial base were compared to that of the anterior portion of sella turcica. Results: Mean surface distance changes for the entire cranial base and anterior sella were 0.73-1.57 ± 0.71-1.30 mm and 0.37-0.63 ± 0.29-0.43 mm, respectively. The area above a threshold of 0.5 mm was 61.02-74.11% (cranial base) and 40.70-50.94% (anterior sella) as well. Paired t-tests were applied to compare differences between the mean distance and area above the threshold for data of cranial base versus anterior sella. Both illustrated p-values less than 0.0001 and were statistically significant. Intra-rater reliability was evaluated by completing segmentation and registration three consecutive times on each CBCT volume. Mean surface differences were within 0.01 mm with the exception of one patient. In addition, all subjects exhibited less than 1.00% deviation except three patients, which deviated by 1.03%, 1.46%, and 1.64%, respectively. Conclusions: A practical method of superimposition of serial CBCT images was developed. Through production of color maps, the surface distance of the anterior portion of sella turcica was shown to change much less than the clivus and remaining cranial base structures in pre- and post-treatment scans of growing children. Lastly, the method of superimposition developed here may assist future studies of skeletal changes with accuracy.
Temple University--Theses
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Smith, Meghan. "Characterizing the Implementation of CBT for Youth Anxiety." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3239.
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Although evidence-based treatments (EBTs) often perform well in research settings, when EBTs are delivered in practice settings they sometimes fail to outperform usual care (UC). One reason for this could be that therapists in practice settings may not follow the EBT protocol as closely or may deliver more therapeutic interventions that align with other treatment domains. I tested this possibility in the context of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for youth anxiety by comparing how CBT was delivered in practice (i.e., community-based clinics) and research (i.e., lab) settings. A diverse sample of youth (aged 7-15) received one of two treatments to address primary presenting problems of anxiety: CBT in a lab (N = 51), CBT in clinics (N = 18), or UC in clinics (N = 22). The extensiveness of therapeutic interventions delivered was measured using the Therapy Process Observational Coding System for Child Psychotherapy – Strategies Scale (McLeod & Weisz, 2010). Two coders independently coded the same available sessions. Analyses investigated mean-level differences in interventions session-by-session, over time between the three groups. Results indicated that CBT delivery differed across groups, over time. Future researchers should use this characterization to further implementation and process-outcome research, and eventually either enhance quality control efforts or alter aspects of EBT protocols (Garland, Hulbert, & Hawley, 2006).
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Sabbir, Md Ahsan. "Corrosion Degradation Mechanism of CBPC Coating System for Highway Bridge Steel Components." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3179.
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Coatings are widely used to mitigate corrosion of structural steel in aggressive humid environments. However, the service life is often diminished in aggressive environments. Repair of coatings can be costly due to materials, labor and environmental controls. So, in search for novel coatings, Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramic (CBPC) coating was investigated for marine bridge application. The research on CBPC coating considered various exposure environments such as inland, beach, salt-fog, wet and alternate wet and dry exposure to identify the degradation mechanism. To assess the corrosion damage, the coating was evaluated by visual inspection, thickness, adhesion, microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
The CBPC coating degraded initially due to alternate wet and dry exposure. The unreacted coating constituent reacted further in moist environment to form magnesium phosphate hydrate and enhanced bulk coating porosity. That facilitated moisture to the coating substrate and formed apparent protective iron phosphate hydrate by interaction with steel substrate to the coating constituents. Passive-like conditions were observed in wet test of chloride-free solutions for the formation of hydration product of magnesium but that type of hydrate was not identified in chloride solution for the apparent high solubility. The resolved coating impedance parameters were introduced to characterize the bulk ceramic degradation. The solution resistance did show a decrease for all samples due to leaching of minerals from the bulk material. The resolved pore resistance did not show any distinct change, though there was an indication of bulk coating degradation by MIP. Water saturation level during exposure was also calculated from the resolved capacitance. An approach was proposed to transfer the pre-exponential term, Yo to coating capacitance, CC for ceramic coating. The estimated value of the coating capacitance from the developed technique indicated early saturation with water during exposure due to the porosity. So, the extent of CBPC coating permeability and degradation could not be resolved only by conventional analysis approaches. However, the formation of iron hydrogen phosphate hydrate and iron phosphate hydrate from reaction of unreacted coating constituents was thought to provide apparent enhanced corrosion protection but there is a probability of steel substrate corrosion in extended exposure in humid environment.
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Lindbäck, Elias. ""Imaging with CBCT and 4D-CT of objects moving with respiratory motions"." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Medicinsk strålningsfysik (tills m KI), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89053.
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AB S TRACT purpose : To further investigate the effects of respiratory motions on CBCT imaging, as well as 4D-CT examinations, with a future goal of using obtained results to implement new methods for individual margins and daily matching procedures into routine clinical practice. background : Since the implementation of CBCT combined with modern accelerators, a higher degree of accuracy has been made possible in RT. However, due to the slow gantry speed of linear accelerators, the imaging procedure of CBCT is a slow process which is thereby degraded by internal motion such as respiration. material and methods : Attain patient specific respiratory motion patterns from CBCT projection data of previous examinations. Utilize this data to perform simulations for both CBCT and 4D-CT using a steering system which allows for arbitrary motion patterns in the longitudinal direction. results : Various imaging with CBCT showed that the resulting images during respiratory motion, can be described by the Probability Density Function of the motion for as long as it does not cause related distortions. This also meant that convolution could be implemented as a model to estimate the CBCT images during oscillation, knowing the object and motion pattern. The 4D-CT examinations using the steering system showed that irregular motion patterns were less accurately described than regular patterns, making the actual motion an important feature to combine together with the measured amplitude. conclusions : It was made clear that CBCT images can be described by the PDF, and thus can be seen as a Color Intensity Projection of the object position. Also it has been shown that the projection data of CBCT images contains valuable information about the respiratory motion of the patient. Another conclusion is that with the help of fiducials, the position of the target within the respiratory cycle can be determined relative to the 4D-CT examination, enabling further input data as to the daily matching procedure, proper applied margins as well as dose to the OAR.
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Beshtawi, Khaled Raed. "The accuracy of the mental foramen position on panoramic radiographs and CBCT." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5953.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) (Diagnostics and Radiology)Data was analysed from 31 archived cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and Digital panoramic radiographs (DP) for the same patients taken on the same x-ray machine (Carestream CS9000 3D). The position and demarcations of mental foramen were identified and then compared by means of linear measurements performed using the manufacturer provided software. Distances measured for the mental foramen in CBCT reformatted panoramic views (CRP) and digital panoramic radiographs (DP) were obtained and compared for both the vertical and horizontal positions. CBCT oblique coronal views (CORO) were studied for the vertical position of the mental foramen and compared to those obtained from CRP and DP for the same distance.
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Barateau, Anaïs. "Calcul de dose à partir d'images CBCT et IRM en radiothérapie externe." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B064.
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Une radiothérapie externe repose sur l’acquisition d’une image scanner (computed tomography : CT) de planification. Celle-ci contient l’information des densités électroniques nécessaires au calcul de la dose à délivrer. Des images volumique, cone beam CT (CBCT), MV-CT ou imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM), sont acquises pour le repositionnement du volume cible sous la machine de traitement. Ces images pourraient être utilisées pour quantifier l’impact dosimétrique des variations anatomiques pouvant survenir en cours de traitement. L’objectif de cette thèse était de développer, d’évaluer et de comparer des méthodes de calcul de dose à partir d’images CBCT et IRM, dans une perspective de radiothérapie adaptative guidée par la dose. Pour un calcul de dose à partir d’images CBCT, une méthode de deep learning a été comparée à trois méthodes de la littérature de la sphère ORL. Pour un calcul de dose sur IRM, neuf méthodes, dont une méthode atlas, une méthode patches et des méthodes de deep learning avec différentes architectures ont été comparées. De plus, les bénéfices dosimétriques de stratégies de radiothérapie adaptative par replanification (ORL) et par bibliothèque de plans de traitement (col de l’utérus) ont été évalués. En conclusion, les méthodes de deep learning pour générer des pseudo-CT sont prometteuses, car rapides et précises. Ces méthodes peuvent être utilisées pour un suivi de la dose en cours de traitement dans le cadre d’une radiothérapie adaptativeStandard external beam radiotherapy is based on a planning computed tomography (CT) scan. This CT provides electron densities required for dose calculation. 3D imaging such as cone beam CT (CBCT), MV-CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are acquired just before irradiation for target volume registration. These images could be used to quantify dosimetric impact of anatomical variations occurring during the treatment course. The objective of the thesis was to develop, evaluate and compare CBCT-based and MRI-based dose calculation methods, in a dose-guided adaptive radiotherapy perspective. For head-and-neck CBCT-based dose calculation, a deep learning method was compared to three other methods from literature. For prostate MRI-based dose calculation, nine methods including an atlas-based, a patch-based and deep learning methods with different architectures were compared. Moreover, dosimetric benefits of adaptive radiotherapy strategies (offline for head-and-neck and plan treatment library for cervix) were evaluated. To generate pseudo-CT from CBCT or MRI, deep learning methods are promising, since they are fast and accurate. These methods can be used for a dose monitoring during treatment course in an adaptive radiotherapy process
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Mohunta, Vrinda V. "Radiographic Appearance of Inter-occlusal Record Materials for CBCT Guided Implant Surgery." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436203075.
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Gianquinto, Jared Robert. "A Method of Superimposition of CBCT Volumes in the Posterior Cranial Base." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/210320.
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Oral BiologyM.S.
Three dimensional imaging in the form of Cone Beam Computed Tomography has become prevalent in the field of orthodontics. Analytical methods of resulting volumetric data sets have not kept pace with the technology capable of producing them. Current 3D analysis techniques are largely adaptations of existing 2D methods, offering no clear diagnostic advantage over traditional imaging techniques in light of increased radiation exposure, and cannot be compared with norms generated from 2D image capture sources. In order to study morphology in 3D, data sets must be generated for longitudinal studies and native 3D analytical methods must also be developed. Existing methods of CBCT volume superimposition are cumbersome, involving complex software pipelines and multiple systems to complete the process. The goal of the current study was to develop a reproducible method of CBCT volume superimposition in the posterior cranial base in a single software package, and construct an easy to follow, step-by-step manual to facilitate future studies in craniofacial morphology. Existing anonymized sequential CBCT volumes of three subjects meeting inclusion criteria were obtained from the Kornberg School of Dentistry Department of Radiology. Volumes for each subject were imported into AMIRA software, resampled to a standardized 0.5 mm voxel size and superimposed with a mutual information algorithm. Posterior cranial base surface data was extracted using a semi-automatic technique. Resulting surface distance data was compiled and visualized through application of color maps. A streamlined image processing protocol was produced and documented in a detailed step-by-step manual. Surface distance analysis of serial segmentations was performed to verify reliability of the process. Surface distance deviations greater than 0.5 mm consistently fell below 0.2 percent of the total surface area. Sequential scan superimpositions of all three subjects exhibited mean surface distances of less than 0.15 mm. Two out of three subjects exhibited deviations of greater than 0.5 mm in less than 1 percent of the total surface area, suggesting consistent sub-voxel accuracy of the protocol.
Temple University--Theses
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Alghalib, Thamer Alsharif [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulze, and Wael [Akademischer Betreuer] Att. "Influence of examiner’s assessment on the precision of linear measurements of CBCT." Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122743211/34.
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Schulze, Wiebke Manuela [Verfasser], and Stephen [Akademischer Betreuer] Cusack. "Mutually Exclusive CBC and CBC-ARS2 Containing Complexes Coordinate the Fate of RNA Polymerase II Transcripts / Wiebke Manuela Schulze ; Betreuer: Stephen Cusack." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1177251558/34.
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McKie, David C. "American public journalism, could it work for the CBC?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61030.pdf.
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Väisänen, M. (Mika). "Usability of an online CBT Program prototype:case of Arjenhallinta." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201706022487.
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Internet-based Cognitive Behavior-Therapy (CBT) programs may be a solution for the ever-growing demand of mental health treatment services. This thesis describes the usability testing process of Arjenhallinta internet-based CBT program in development.
Arjenhallinta was evaluated using Cognitive Walkthrough and usability testing methods in order to find usability issues in the current version of the program. Found issues were communicated to the customer and recommendations were given to address the issues in future versions of the program. Qualitative data from user test observation and gathered feedback served as a basis for the recommendations.
Arjenhallinta being both marketing website of the therapist as well as an internet-based CBT program, the most critical issues found were related to website navigation and CBT homework exercise instructions, latter which is associated with treatment outcome. Users had problems navigating from the marketing website back to the CBT program and the instructions to the CBT exercises were frequently missed and found inadequate by test participants.
The usability testing activities were found feasible by the customer therapist Martti Puttonen. Identifying and addressing usability issues early contributes to the development of internet-based CBT program that is well received by its users. Positive user perception has an effect on the usage and the effectiveness of online mental health program.
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Dhillon, Gurmit. "Developing a CBT manual for adult inpatient secure services." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/374544/.
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Carter, Clay Carleton University Dissertation Journalism. "The CBC radio revolution 1964-1976, a re-examination." Ottawa, 1990.
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Bergeron, Rosemary Catherine Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "The presentation of news on CBC television, 1953-1988." Ottawa, 1990.
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Machado, Mardem de Almeida. "Ensino de matematica financeira por CBT-uma abordagem metodologica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1997. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/158127.
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Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro TecnologicoMade available in DSpace on 2016-01-08T21:42:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1997
O propósito deste trabalho é focalizar os recursos da tecnologia hipermídia no processo de ensino/aprendizagem através de um aplicativo computacional. Parte-se da premissa que essa metodologia de ensino pode ser mais motivadora, proporcionando um maior rendimento. Elaborou-se um aplicativo de Matemática Financeira, que foi utilizado por uma turma de 1o. ano do curso de Ciências Econômicas da Universidade Estadual de Londrina para testar essa hipótese. Em seguida, aplicou-se um questionário aos alunos participantes do curso para verificar a eficácia e a facilidade de navegação. Foram também realizadas entrevistas e uma pesquisa em bancos de investimentos e empresas de comércio de vários segmentos para verificar a validade do conteúdo proposto no aplicativo. O paradigma da hipermídia educacional está sendo considerado como uma tecnologia promissora, que poderá trazer novas possibilidades ao processo de ensino/aprendizagem de matérias curriculares por fornecer um ambiente que favorece a criatividade e a exploração pelos alunos e professores. A Educação centrada nesse ambiente permite adequar situações de aprendizagem a uma prática pedagógica que venha estimular a construção do conhecimento, visando a formação de um cidadão criativo e capaz de tomar suas próprias decisões.
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Siddique, Abu Bakr. "Controlling dopant rich layers in solar cells." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:719ef341-cb9c-4edc-83c5-b3768149c786.
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Improving the efficiency of silicon (Si) solar cells relies on the understanding and optimization of individual processing steps. One such processing step, namely the diffusion of phosphorus (P), has been found to influence cell efficiencies significantly. This thesis discusses a mathematical model of P diffusion in Si based on first order approximations. Phosphorus diffusion studies have been carried out in small increments of time that facilitate the development of a diffusion model which is shown to agree reasonably well with experimental profiles over a wide range of processing conditions. It is assumed that phosphorus diffuses via vacancies in the high concentration region and via interstitials in the low concentration region. A supersaturation of interstitials due to the kick out reactions enhances dopant diffusivity in the low concentration region. However, the dissociation of phosphorus interstitial pairs into phosphorus vacancy pairs at high doping levels facilitate the suppression of excess interstitials with the help of surface injected vacancies, resulting in the lowering of the overall free energy. For the very high doping levels, the dissociation rate of phosphorus interstitials is rapid in comparison to the kick out reactions that enables the slowly injected surface vacancies to completely suppress the interstitial supersaturation, thereby restoring point defect equilibrium wherein the system attains the lowest energy configuration. The model uses the relative (to the intrinsic) concentration of point defects instead of actual point defect concentrations. This approach is particularly useful since it significantly reduces the number of fitting parameters of the model by allowing the use of an effective diffusivity in the flux equation. The effective P diffusivity is also used in the modelling of dopant precipitation kinetics, where the growth (and dissolution) of precipitates by the addition (removal) of single solute atoms is considered. Appropriate corrections are used to account for the formation of small sized clusters that are often present along with larger precipitates. The diffusion model is argued to be consistent with previous findings and is able to demonstrate very good simulation accuracies compared to all previous models. Electrically inactive P limits the low wavelength response of the solar cell. The simulation developed here, based on the finite difference method (FDM), show that high temperature diffusion processes for very short durations can achieve low levels of electrically inactive P. In addition, such processes are predicted to result in higher levels of the electrically active P thereby improving contact resistance between metal and Si.