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1
Cannon, Gordon C., Sabine Heinhorst, Christopher E. Bradburne, and Jessup M. Shively. "Carboxysome genomics: a status report." Functional Plant Biology 29, no. 3 (2002): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp01200.
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Carboxysomes, microcompartments that enhance the fixation of carbon dioxide by Rubisco, are found in several chemoautotrophs and in all cyanobacteria thus far examined. The genes for Rubisco large (cbbL) and small (cbbS) subunits (cbb for Calvin-Benson-Bassham), along with the genes (csoS) for the carboxysome shell peptides, are organized in a putative operon in Halothiobacillus neapolitanus in the following order: cbbL,cbbS, csoS2, csoS3, orfA, orfB, csoS1C, csoS1A, and csoS1B. DNA sequencing has revealed essentially the same operon in three other thiobacilli, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiomonas intermedia, and Thiobacillus denitrificans. The carboxysome genes are also clustered inSynechococcus sp. and Synechocystis sp., although in some cases certain genes lie outside the cluster. The genes, labelled ccm for CO2 concentrating mechanism, exist in Synechococcus PCC7942 in the order ccmK, ccmL, ccmM, ccmN, and ccmO, and are located upstream of the Rubisco genes. ccmO is absent, and multiple copies of ccmK exist in some species. The ccmK/ccmO and ccmL genes are homologues of csoS1CAB andorfAB, respectively. The ccmM and ccmN genes have no apparent counterpart in the thiobacilli. More recently, the genome sequence of four additional cyanobacteria has become available. The carboxysome genes in Nostoc punctiforme are clustered like, and are similar to, the genes of the earlier mentioned cyanobacteria. However, the three marine organisms Prochlorococcus marinus MIT9313, P. marinus MED4, and Synechococcus WH8102, possess an operon nearly identical to that found in thiobacilli. Furthermore, the genes exhibit surprising sequence identity to the carboxysome genes of the thiobacilli.
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Skowronek, Dariush, Robin A. Pilz, Konrad Schwefel, Christiane D. Much, Ute Felbor, and Matthias Rath. "Bringing CCM into a dish: cell culture models for cerebral cavernous malformations." Medizinische Genetik 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/medgen-2021-2091.
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Abstract Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions that can cause severe neurological complications due to intracranial hemorrhage. Although the CCM disease genes, CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3, have been known for more than 15 years now, our understanding of CCM pathogenesis is still incomplete. CCM research currently focuses on three main disease mechanisms: (1) clonal expansion of endothelial cells with biallelic inactivation of CCM1, CCM2, or CCM3, (2) recruitment of cells with preserved CCM protein expression into the growing lesion, and (3) disruption of endothelial cell–cell junctions in CCMs. We here describe novel CRISPR/Cas9-based in vitro models of CCM and discuss their strengths and limitations in the context of high-throughput drug screening and repurposing approaches.
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Sanders, Carsten, Clémence Boulay, and Fevzi Daldal. "Membrane-Spanning and Periplasmic Segments of CcmI Have Distinct Functions during Cytochrome c Biogenesis in Rhodobacter capsulatus." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 3 (November 22, 2006): 789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01441-06.
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ABSTRACT In gram-negative bacteria, like Rhodobacter capsulatus, about 10 membrane-bound components (CcmABCDEFGHI and CcdA) are required for periplasmic maturation of c-type cytochromes. These components perform the chaperoning and thio-oxidoreduction of the apoproteins as well as the delivery and ligation of the heme cofactors. In the absence of any of these components, including CcmI, proposed to act as an apocytochrome c chaperone, R. capsulatus does not have the ability to produce holocytochromes c or consequently to exhibit photosynthetic growth and cytochrome cbb 3 oxidase activity. Previously, we have demonstrated that null mutants of CcmI partially overcome cytochrome c deficiency phenotypes upon overproduction of the CcmF-R. capsulatus CcmH (CcmF-CcmHRc) couple in a growth medium-dependent manner and fully bypass these defects by additional overproduction of CcmG. Here, we show that overproduction of the CcmF-CcmHRc couple and overproduction of the N-terminal membrane-spanning segment of CcmI (CcmI-1) have similar suppression effects of cytochrome c maturation defects in CcmI-null mutants. Likewise, additional overproduction of CcmG, the C-terminal periplasmic segment of CcmI (CcmI-2), or even of apocytochrome c 2 also provides complementation abilities similar to those of these mutants. These results indicate that the two segments of CcmI have different functions and support our earlier findings that two independent steps are required for full recovery of the loss of CcmI function. We therefore propose that CcmI-1 is part of the CcmF-CcmHRc-dependent heme ligation, while CcmI-2 is involved in the CcdA- and CcmG-dependent apoprotein thioreduction steps, which intersect at the level of CcmI during cytochrome c biogenesis.
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Wang, Kang, Huanjiao Jenny Zhou, and Min Wang. "CCM3 and cerebral cavernous malformation disease." Stroke and Vascular Neurology 4, no. 2 (March 2, 2019): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/svn-2018-000195.
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Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions characterised by enlarged and irregular structure of small blood vessels in the brain, which can result in increased risk of stroke, focal neurological defects and seizures. Three different genes, CCM1/Krev/Rap1 Interacting Trapped 1, CCM2/MGC4607 and CCM3/PDCD10, are associated with the CCMs’ progression, and mutations in one of three CCM genes cause CCM disease. These three CCM proteins have similar function in maintaining the normal structure of small blood vessels. However, CCM3 mutation results in a more severe form of the disease which may suggest that CCM3 has unique biological function in the vasculature. The current review focuses on the signalling pathways mediated by CCM3 in regulating endothelial cell junction, proliferation, migration and permeability. These findings may offer potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CCMs.
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STEVANOVIĆ, M., P. ČADEŽ, B. ŽLENDER, and M. FILIPIČ. "Genotoxicity Testing of Cooked Cured Meat Pigment (CCMP) and Meat Emulsion Coagulates Prepared with CCMP." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.7.945.
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The preformed cooked cured meat pigment (CCMP) synthesized directly from bovine red blood cells or through a hemin intermediate was found to be a viable colorant for application to comminuted pork as a nitrite substitute. However the genotoxicity of CCMP and meat emulsion coagulates prepared with CCMP has not been evaluated. Therefore the objectives of this work were to investigate genotoxicity of CCMP and the influence of CCMP addition on genotoxicity and the content of residual nitrite in model meat emulsion coagulates. Meat emulsions were prepared from white (musculus longissimus dorsi) and red (musculus quadriceps femoris) pork muscles with two different amounts of synthesized pigment CCMP. Comparatively, emulsions with fixed addition of nitrite salt and emulsions without any addition for color development were made. Genotoxicity of CCMP and meat emulsion coagulates was tested with the SOS/umu test and the Ames test. Neither CCMP nor meat emulsion coagulates prepared with CCMP or nitrite salt were genotoxic in the SOS/umu test. In the Ames test using Salmonella Typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 samples of coagulates prepared with CCMP and with nitrite showed weak mutagenic activity in Salmonella Typhimurium strain TA100 but only in the absence of the metabolic activation, while CCMP was not mutagenic. Coagulates prepared with CCMP contained significantly less residual nitrite than coagulates prepared with nitrite salt. These results indicate that from the human health standpoint the substitution of nitrite salt with CCMP would be highly recommendable.
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Zhu, Yuan, Qun Wu, Jin-Fang Xu, Dorothea Miller, I. Erol Sandalcioglu, Jian-Min Zhang, and Ulrich Sure. "Differential angiogenesis function of CCM2 and CCM3 in cerebral cavernous malformations." Neurosurgical Focus 29, no. 3 (September 2010): E1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.5.focus1090.
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Object Loss-of-function mutations in CCM genes are frequently detected in familial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). However, the current functional studies of the CCM genes in vitro have been performed mostly in commercially purchased normal cell lines and the results appeared discrepant. The fact that the cerebral vascular defects are rarely observed in CCM gene-deficient animals suggests the requirement of additional pathological background for the formation of vascular lesions. Consistent with these data, the authors assumed that silencing CCM genes in the endothelium derived from CCMs (CCM-ECs) serves as a unique and valuable model for investigating the function of the CCM genes in the pathogenesis of CCMs. To this end, the authors investigated the role and signaling of CCM2 and CCM3 in the key steps of angiogenesis using CCM-ECs. Methods Endothelial cells (ECs) derived from CCMs were isolated, purified, and cultured from the fresh operative specimens of sporadic CCMs (31 cases). The CCM2 and CCM3 genes were silenced by the specific short interfering RNAs in CCM-ECs and in control cultures (human brain microvascular ECs and human umbilical vein ECs). The efficiency of gene silencing was proven by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation and apoptosis, migration, tube formation, and the expression of phosphor-p38, phosphor-Akt, and phosphor-extracellular signal-regulated kinase–1 and 2 (ERK1/2) were analyzed under CCM2 and CCM3 silenced conditions in CCM-ECs. Results The CCM3 silencing significantly promoted proliferation and reduced apoptosis in all 3 types of endothelium, but accelerated cell migration exclusively in CCM-ECs. Interestingly, CCM2 siRNA influenced neither cell proliferation nor migration. Silencing of CCM3, and to a lesser extent CCM2, stimulated the growth and extension of sprouts selectively in CCM-ECs. Loss of CCM2 or CCM3 did not significantly influence the formation of the tubelike structure. However, the maintenance of tube stability was largely impaired by CCM2, but not CCM3, silencing. Western blot analysis revealed that CCM2 and CCM3 silencing commonly activated p38, Akt, and ERK1/2 in CCM-ECs. Conclusions The unique response of CCM-ECs to CCM2 or CCM3 siRNA indicates that silencing CCM genes in CCM-ECs is valuable for further studies on the pathogenesis of CCMs. Using this model system, the authors demonstrate a distinct role of CCM2 and CCM3 in modulating the different processes of angiogenesis. The stimulation of endothelial proliferation, migration, and massively growing and branching angiogenic sprouts after CCM3 silencing may potentially contribute to the formation of enriched capillary-like immature vessels in CCM lesions. The severe impairment of the tube integrity by CCM2, but not CCM3, silencing is associated with the different intracranial hemorrhage rate observed from CCM2 and CCM3 mutation carriers. The activation of p38, ERK1/2, and Akt signal proteins in CCM2- or CCM3-silenced CCM-ECs suggests a possible involvement of these common pathways in the pathogenesis of CCMs. However, the specific signaling mediating the distinct function of CCM genes in the pathogenesis of CCMs needs to be further elucidated.
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Pradhan, Madan M., Sreya Pradhan, Ambarish Dutta, Naman K. Shah, Neena Valecha, Pyare L. Joshi, Khageshwar Pradhan, et al. "Impact of the malaria comprehensive case management programme in Odisha, India." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 24, 2022): e0265352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265352.
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Background The Comprehensive Case Management Project (CCMP), was a collaborative implementation research initiative to strengthen malaria early detection and complete treatment in Odisha State, India. Methods A two-arm quasi-experimental design was deployed across four districts in Odisha, representing a range of malaria endemicity: Bolangir (low), Dhenkanal (moderate), Angul (high), and Kandhamal (hyper). In each district, a control block received routine malaria control measures, whereas a CCMP block received a range of interventions to intensify surveillance, diagnosis, and case management. Impact was evaluated by difference-in-difference (DID) analysis and interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis of monthly blood examination rate (MBER) and monthly parasite index (MPI) over three phases: phase 1 pre-CCMP (2009–2012) phase 2 CCMP intervention (2013–2015), and phase 3 post-CCMP (2016–2017). Results During CCMP implementation, adjusting for control blocks, DID and ITS analysis indicated a 25% increase in MBER and a 96% increase in MPI, followed by a –47% decline in MPI post-CCMP, though MBER was maintained. Level changes in MPI between phases 1 and 2 were most marked in Dhenkanal and Angul with increases of 976% and 287%, respectively, but declines in Bolangir (−57%) and Kandhamal (−22%). Between phase 2 and phase 3, despite the MBER remaining relatively constant, substantial decreases in MPI were observed in Dhenkanal (−78%), and Angul (−59%), with a more modest decline in Bolangir (−13%), and an increase in Kandhamal (14%). Conclusions Overall, CCMP improved malaria early detection and treatment through the enhancement of the existing network of malaria services which positively impacted case incidence in three districts. In Kandhamal, which is hyperendemic, the impact was not evident. However, in Dhenkanal and Angul, areas of moderate-to-high malaria endemicity, CCMP interventions precipitated a dramatic increase in case detection and a subsequent decline in malaria incidence, particularly in previously difficult-to-reach communities.
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Monzel, Maike, Maike Kuhn, Heike Bähre, Roland Seifert, and Erich H. Schneider. "PDE7A1 hydrolyzes cCMP." FEBS Letters 588, no. 18 (August 13, 2014): 3469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2014.08.005.
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Thöny-Meyer, L. "Cytochrome c maturation: a complex pathway for a simple task?" Biochemical Society Transactions 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0300633.
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Post-translational maturation of c-type cytochromes involves covalent attachment of haem to the apocytochrome polypeptide by two thioether bonds. In bacteria, haem attachment occurs in the periplasm, after the separate translocation of haem and the polypeptide across the cytoplasmic membrane. In Escherichia coli, delivery and attachment of the cofactor requires eight or nine specific proteins, which are believed to be organized in a membrane protein complex. After transport across the membrane, haem is attached covalently to the haem chaperone CcmE in an unusual way at a single histidine residue. However, haem binding to CcmE is transient and is succeeded by a further transfer to apocytochrome c. Both haem binding to and release from CcmE involve integral membrane proteins, CcmC and CcmF respectively, which carry a conserved tryptophan-rich motif in a periplasmic domain. Apocytochrome c polypeptides are synthesized as precursors and reach the periplasm by sec-dependent translocation. There they are prepared for haem binding by reduction of the cysteine residues in the motif Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys-His, which is characteristic of such proteins. This reduction is achieved in a thioreduction pathway, whereby electrons are passed from cytoplasmic thioredoxin to the transmembrane protein DsbD, across the membrane, and on to the specific reductases CcmG/CcmH. The merging of the haem delivery and the thioreduction pathways leads to the stereospecific insertion of haem into various type c cytochromes.
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Xia, Wen Yu, Kai Jun Wu, and Liang Zhou. "The Security Analysis of WLAN Protocol Based on 802.11i." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 628–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.628.
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This article briefly describes the weaknesses of WEP,which is previous generation wireless LAN security standard, then introduces the new generation of wireless network security standard 802.11i. Then the article introduces the process of TKIP and CCMP encryption. We use experiments to compare TKIP with CCMP about protocol security. Ultimately we conclude that CCMP encryption is safer.
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REID, Eleanor, Jeff COLE, and Deborah J. EAVES. "The Escherichia coli CcmG protein fulfils a specific role in cytochrome c assembly." Biochemical Journal 355, no. 1 (February 26, 2001): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3550051.
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In Escherichia coli K-12, c-type cytochromes are synthesized only during anaerobic growth with trimethylamine-N-oxide, nitrite or low concentrations of nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. A thioredoxin-like protein, CcmG, is one of 12 proteins required for their assembly in the periplasm. Its postulated function is to reduce disulphide bonds formed between correctly paired cysteine residues in the cytochrome c apoproteins prior to haem attachment by CcmF and CcmH. We report that loss of CcmG synthesis by mutation was not compensated by a second mutation in disulphide-bond-forming proteins, DsbA or DsbB, or by the chemical reductant, 2-mercaptoethanesulphonic acid. An anti-CcmG polyclonal antibody was used in Western-blot analysis to probe the redox state of CcmG in mutants defective in the synthesis of other proteins essential for cytochrome c assembly. The oxidized form of CcmG accumulated not only in trxA or dipZ mutants defective in the transfer of electrons from the cytoplasm for disulphide isomerization and reduction reactions in the periplasm, but also in ccmF and ccmH mutants. The requirement of both CcmF and CcmH for the reduction of the disulphide bond in CcmG indicates that CcmG functions later than CcmF and CcmH in cytochrome c assembly, rather than in electron transfer from the membrane-associated DipZ (also known as DsbD) to CcmH. The data support a model proposed by others in which CcmG catalyses one of the last reactions specific to cytochrome c assembly.
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Islam, Md Torikul, Md Abdus Sami Akanda, Md Abu Jafar Pikul, and Xiansi Wang. "Fast magnetization reversal of a magnetic nanoparticle induced by cosine chirp microwave field pulse." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 10 (December 23, 2021): 105802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac3f66.
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Abstract We investigate the magnetization reversal of single-domain magnetic nanoparticle driven by the circularly polarized cosine chirp microwave pulse (CCMP). The numerical findings, based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation, reveal that the CCMP is by itself capable of driving fast and energy-efficient magnetization reversal. The microwave field amplitude and initial frequency required by a CCMP are much smaller than that of the linear down-chirp microwave pulse. This is achieved as the frequency change of the CCMP closely matches the frequency change of the magnetization precession which leads to an efficient stimulated microwave energy absorption (emission) by (from) the magnetic particle before (after) it crosses over the energy barrier. We further find that the enhancement of easy-plane shape anisotropy significantly reduces the required microwave amplitude and the initial frequency of CCMP. We also find that there is an optimal Gilbert damping for fast magnetization reversal. These findings may provide a pathway to realize the fast and low-cost memory device.
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Werner, Cleiton, Francine Carla Cadoná, Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz, Eliza Ribas da Silveira Flôres, Alencar Kolinski Machado, Mara Rejane Fantinel, Grazielle Castagna Cezimbra Weis, et al. "A chemical compound based on methylxanthine–polyphenols lowers nitric oxide levels and increases post-thaw human sperm viability." Zygote 25, no. 6 (November 28, 2017): 719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199417000600.
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SummaryWe produced a new chemical compound based on methylxanthines and polyphenols (CCMP) present in the chemical matrix of guaraná (Paullinia cupana), a seed extract with antioxidant properties. After supplementation with the standard extract of resveratrol, a well documented antioxidant found in other plant sources, we investigated whether this resveratrol-enriched compound could improve sperm viability and modulate differentially reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in thawed sperm. Sperm samples obtained from healthy young donors were treated with different concentrations of guaraná extract (0.1, 1, 5 or 10 mg/ml) and cells were frozen at −80°C for 24 h. In addition, the potential protective effects of guaraná treatment on sperm treated with pro-oxidant compound (200 µM hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) were assessed. Samples were also exposed to three concentrations of CCMP before being frozen in liquid nitrogen (−196°C) or in an ultrafreezer (−80°C) for 24 h, and both pre-freezing and post-thaw measurements of viability and oxidative stress were performed. Guaraná supplementation at 10 mg/ml significantly increased post-thaw viability and decreased oxidative metabolism of the sperm. Moreover, selected concentrations of CCMP improved viability and oxidative metabolism in sperm samples pre-freezing. Furthermore, CCMP showed cryoprotective activity by increasing viability and decreasing oxidative stress in post-thaw samples. In summary, these findings suggested that CCMP supplementation acts as a cryoprotectant to modulate ROS and NO levels in thawed sperm. CCMP could be used to enhance sperm quality and reproductive success.
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Skowronek, Dariush, Robin A. Pilz, Loisa Bonde, Ole J. Schamuhn, Janne L. Feldmann, Sabine Hoffjan, Christiane D. Much, Ute Felbor, and Matthias Rath. "Cas9-Mediated Nanopore Sequencing Enables Precise Characterization of Structural Variants in CCM Genes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 15639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415639.
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Deletions in the CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3 genes are a common cause of familial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). In current molecular genetic laboratories, targeted next-generation sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification are mostly used to identify copy number variants (CNVs). However, both techniques are limited in their ability to specify the breakpoints of CNVs and identify complex structural variants (SVs). To overcome these constraints, we established a targeted Cas9-mediated nanopore sequencing approach for CNV detection with single nucleotide resolution. Using a MinION device, we achieved complete coverage for the CCM genes and determined the exact size of CNVs in positive controls. Long-read sequencing for a CCM1 and CCM2 CNV revealed that the adjacent ANKIB1 and NACAD genes were also partially or completely deleted. In addition, an interchromosomal insertion and an inversion in CCM2 were reliably re-identified by long-read sequencing. The refinement of CNV breakpoints by long-read sequencing enabled fast and inexpensive PCR-based variant confirmation, which is highly desirable to reduce costs in subsequent family analyses. In conclusion, Cas9-mediated nanopore sequencing is a cost-effective and flexible tool for molecular genetic diagnostics which can be easily adapted to various target regions.
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Irm, Misbah, Bo Ye, Xiaoyi Wu, Lina Geng, Qinxiao Cai, Lu Zhang, Haoyun Zhai, and Zhiyu Zhou. "Assessment of Conventional and Low Gossypol Cottonseed Meal as Alternative Protein Sources in Low-Fishmeal Diets of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× Epinephelus lanceolatus♂): Growth, Feed Utilization, Gut Histology, and Immunity." Animals 12, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151906.
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A 9-week growth trial was carried out to assess the influence of replacing poultry by-product meal protein with conventional cottonseed meal protein (CCMP) or low gossypol cottonseed meal protein (LGCMP) on growth, feed utilization, gut micromorphology, and immunity of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) juveniles fed low-fish meal (18.53%, dry matter) diets. Eleven experimental diets were prepared. The control diet (PBMP) contained 46.15% poultry by-product meal protein. Both conventional cottonseed meal protein (CCMP) and low-gossypol cottonseed meal protein (LGCMP) were used in replacement ratios of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of poultry by-product meal protein (PBMP) from the control diet, forming ten experimental diets (CCMP20, CCMP40, CCMP60, CCMP80, CCMP100, LGCMP20, LGCMP40, LGCMP60, LGCMP80, and LGCMP100). Results demonstrated that weight-gain percentage (WG%) was not different between different sources of cottonseed meal (CCMP and LGCMP). However, values of WG% significantly differed among different replacement levels, with CCMP80 and LGCMP40 having significantly higher values compared to other treatments. Fish fed CCMP80 and LGCMP40 exhibited higher protein efficiency ratios (PERs) than fish fed other experimental diets. The regression analysis from a second-order or third-order polynomial model based on WG% showed that the optimal PBMP replacement levels by CCMP and LGCMP are 74% and 33%, respectively. The whole-body lipid contents remarkably decreased as dietary CCMP or LGCMP inclusion levels increased. The relative mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) in liver was higher in fish fed CCMP80 and LGCMP40 diets compared to fish fed other diets. Generally, in low-FM diets of hybrid grouper, CCMP and LGCMP could replace 74% and 33% of PBMP, respectively.
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Li, Xiaohui, Dongkai Yang, Jingsong Yang, Guoqi Han, Gang Zheng, and Weiqiang Li. "Validation of NOAA CyGNSS Wind Speed Product with the CCMP Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091832.
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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CyGNSS) mission was launched in December 2016, which can remotely sense sea surface wind with a relatively high spatio-temporal resolution for tracking tropical cyclones. In recent years, with the gradual development of the geophysical model function (GMF) for CyGNSS wind retrieval, different versions of CyGNSS Level 2 products have been released and their performance has gradually improved. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of CyGNSS wind product v1.1 produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) analysis wind (v02.0 and v02.1 near real time) products produced by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) were used as the reference. Data pairs between the NOAA CyGNSS and RSS CCMP products were processed and evaluated by the bias and standard deviation SD. The CyGNSS dataset covers the period between May 2017 and December 2020. The statistical comparisons show that the bias and SD of CyGNSS relative to CCMP-nonzero collocations when the flag of CCMP winds is nonzero are –0.05 m/s and 1.19 m/s, respectively. The probability density function (PDF) of the CyGNSS winds coincides with that of CCMP-nonzero. Furthermore, the average monthly bias and SD show that CyGNSS wind is consistent and reliable generally. We found that negative deviation mainly appears at high latitudes in both hemispheres. Positive deviation appears in the China Sea, the Arabian Sea, and the west of Africa and South America. Spatial–temporal analysis demonstrates the geographical anomalies in the bias and SD of the CyGNSS winds, confirming that the wind speed bias shows a temporal dependency. The verification and comparison show that the remotely sensed wind speed measurements from NOAA CyGNSS wind product v1.1 are in good agreement with CCMP winds.
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Richard-Fogal, Cynthia L., Elaine R. Frawley, and Robert G. Kranz. "Topology and Function of CcmD in Cytochrome c Maturation." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 10 (March 7, 2008): 3489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00146-08.
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ABSTRACT The system I cytochrome c biogenesis pathway requires CcmD, a small polypeptide of 69 residues in Escherichia coli. Here it is shown that CcmD is a component of the CcmABC ATP-binding cassette transporter complex. CcmD is not necessary for the CcmC-dependent transfer of heme to CcmE in the periplasm or for interaction of CcmE with CcmABC. CcmD is absolutely required for the release of holo-CcmE from the CcmABCD complex. Evidence is presented that the topology of CcmD in the cytoplasmic membrane is the N terminus outside and the C terminus inside with one transmembrane domain.
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Choi, Jaesung P., Xi Yang, Shuang He, Renhua Song, Zi-Ran Xu, Matthew Foley, Justin J. L. Wong, Cheng-Ran Xu, and Xiangjian Zheng. "CCM2L (Cerebral Cavernous Malformation 2 Like) Deletion Aggravates Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Through Map3k3-KLF Signaling Pathway." Stroke 52, no. 4 (April 2021): 1428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.031523.
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Background and Purpose: Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a common cerebrovascular disease. CCMs are major causes of stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, and neurological deficits in young individuals. Loss-of-function mutations in CCM1 , CCM2 , and CCM3 have been identified to cause CCM in humans. Ccm2-like ( Ccm2l ) is a paralog of Ccm2 and is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells (ECs). CCM2L (CCM2-like) competes with CCM2 for binding to CCM1 and has been shown to have an antagonistic function to that of CCM2 during vascular development. The role of CCM2L in CCM pathogenesis is unknown. Methods: We isolated brain ECs from the inducible-CCM mouse models for gene expression analysis. Micro-computed tomography imaging was used to analyze CCM lesion burden from the genetic cross of Ccm2l knockout mice ( Ccm2l −/− ) with Ccm1 or Ccm2 -deficient mice to determine the role of Ccm2l in CCM pathogenesis. Genetic crosses with Map3k3 fl/fl mice were used to determine the role of Map3k3 in Ccm2l -facilitated CCM formation. Results: We demonstrated increased Ccm2l expression in brain ECs of Ccm2 -deficient mice. Analysis of RNA-seq data from CCM patient samples revealed a trend of increased CCM2L expression and its positive correlation with Kruppel-like factor 2/4 (KLF2/4 ) expression. Micro-computed tomography revealed that the deletion of Ccm2l in Ccm2 -deficient mice increased CCM lesion volume compared with that of controls but had no effect on lesion numbers. Correlating to the increased lesion burden, Klf2/4 mRNA expressions in brain ECs were significantly increased in double knockouts ( Ccm2 - and Ccm2l -deficient mice) compared with that of controls ( Ccm2 deficient). Hemizygous deletion of Map3k3 in ECs relieved CCM lesion burden in the double knockouts. These results suggest that CCM2L regulates the Map3k3-KLF signaling pathway in CCM pathogenesis. Conclusions: Loss of CCM2L aggravates CCM lesion formation in the Ccm2 -deficient mouse model through increased Map3k3-KLF signaling. Our data suggest that increased Ccm2l expression is a compensatory mechanism in CCM pathogenesis.
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Stockton, Rebecca A., Robert Shenkar, Issam A. Awad, and Mark H. Ginsberg. "Cerebral cavernous malformations proteins inhibit Rho kinase to stabilize vascular integrity." Journal of Experimental Medicine 207, no. 4 (March 22, 2010): 881–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20091258.
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Endothelial cell–cell junctions regulate vascular permeability, vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis. Familial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) in humans result from mutations of CCM2 (malcavernin, OSM, MGC4607), PDCD10 (CCM3), or KRIT1 (CCM1), a Rap1 effector which stabilizes endothelial cell–cell junctions. Homozygous loss of KRIT1 or CCM2 produces lethal vascular phenotypes in mice and zebrafish. We report that the physical interaction of KRIT1 and CCM2 proteins is required for endothelial cell–cell junctional localization, and lack of either protein destabilizes barrier function by sustaining activity of RhoA and its effector Rho kinase (ROCK). Protein haploinsufficient Krit1+/− or Ccm2+/− mouse endothelial cells manifested increased monolayer permeability in vitro, and both Krit1+/− and Ccm2+/− mice exhibited increased vascular leak in vivo, reversible by fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor. Furthermore, we show that ROCK hyperactivity occurs in sporadic and familial human CCM endothelium as judged by increased phosphorylation of myosin light chain. These data establish that KRIT1–CCM2 interaction regulates vascular barrier function by suppressing Rho/ROCK signaling and that this pathway is dysregulated in human CCM endothelium, and they suggest that fasudil could ameliorate both CCM disease and vascular leak.
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Ye, Gewei, and Garland Keesling. "E-finance: the CCMP model." International Journal of Business Performance Management 8, no. 1 (2006): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbpm.2006.008149.
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Dupré, Nicolas, Dominique J. Verlaan, Collette K. Hand, Sandra B. Laurent, Gustavo Turecki, W. Jeptha Davenport, Nicola Acciarri, et al. "Linkage to the CCM2 Locus and Genetic Heterogeneity in Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 30, no. 2 (May 2003): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100053385.
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ABSTRACT:Background:Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a form of intracranial vascular disease that may arise sporadically or be dominantly inherited. Linkage studies have revealed genetic heterogeneity among the dominantly inherited forms suggesting the existence of at least three loci called CCM1, CCM2 and CCM3.Methods:In the present study, we screened five families with dominantly inherited CCM for CCM1 gene mutations with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Then, we performed linkage analysis and haplotyping on these five families using highly polymorphic markers at the candidate CCM loci.Results:None of the five families tested with DHPLC were found to have mutations in the CCM1 gene. Based on haplotyping, we identified three families segregating alleles for CCM2, while two families segregated alleles for CCM3. Using linkage analysis, we could confirm that one family (IFCAS-1) had a positive Lod score of 2.03 (p<0.0001) at the CCM2 locus using marker D7S678.Conclusions:The present study is the first one to replicate linkage at the CCM2 locus and provides a fifth family identified as such. It also supports the concept of genetic heterogeneity in CCM, identifying four other families that showed no mutations in the CCM1 gene.
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Mears, Carl, Tong Lee, Lucrezia Ricciardulli, Xiaochun Wang, and Frank Wentz. "Improving the Accuracy of the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) Ocean Vector Winds." Remote Sensing 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 4230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174230.
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The Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) Ocean vector wind analysis is a level-4 product that uses a variational method to combine satellite retrievals of ocean winds with a background wind field from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. The result is a spatially complete estimate of global ocean vector winds on six-hour intervals that are closely tied to satellite measurements. The current versions of CCMP are fairly accurate at low to moderate wind speeds (<15 m/s) but are systematically too low at high winds at locations/times where a collocated satellite measurement is not available. This is mainly because the NWP winds tend to be lower than satellite winds, especially at high wind speed. The current long-term CCMP version, version 2.0, also shows spurious variations on interannual to decadal time scales caused by the interaction of satellite/model bias with the varying amount of satellite measurements available as satellite missions begin and end. To alleviate these issues, here we explore methods to adjust the source datasets to more closely match each other before they are combined. The resultant new CCMP wind analysis agrees better with long-term trend estimates from satellite observations and reanalysis than previous versions.
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Jin, Luo Bin, Yuan Li, and Lian Song Liang. "Study on Synthesized Wind in the Numerical Simulation of Wind Waves." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1274.
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Numerical simulations are made for 10 storm wave processes during the period of 2008-2010, based on SWAN, with the Myers wind field, CCMP wind filed and the combination of the two as the storm driving wind field respectively. The results are compared with the observations from Jason-1 satellite altimeter during tropical cyclones (TCs). It indicates that Myers wind field makes a good agreement with measured values near the TC center, while CCMP wind field makes a good agreement with measured values far away from the TC center. Synthesis of the wind field combines the merit of the Myers wind field and CCMP wind field, and it is more in line with the wind field distribution; the simulation results of synthesized wind field make a good agreement with the measured results, with maximum deviation of -0.62m, mean deviation of -0.11m.
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Elliott, G. R., A. P. M. Lauwen, and I. L. Bonta. "Dibutyryl Cytidine and Adenosine 3':5'-Cyclic Monophosphates Inhibit A23187-Stimulated Rat Peritoneal Macrophage Leukotriene B4 Synthesis." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 1, no. 2 (May 1988): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463208800100202.
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Dibutyryl cytidine and adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphates (db-cCMP and db-cAMP respectively) inhibited the synthesis of thromboxane (TX) B2, the stable product of TXA2, and leukotriene (LT) B4 by 4-day carrageenin-elicited rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated by the calcium ionophore A23187. Incubation of macrophages with dbcAMP, at concentrations inhibiting eicosanoid release, was associated with an increase in intracellular cAMP concentrations. No such increase was seen when db-cCMP was used.
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Hoffman, Ross N., Joseph V. Ardizzone, S. Mark Leidner, Deborah K. Smith, and Robert Atlas. "Error Estimates for Ocean Surface Winds: Applying Desroziers Diagnostics to the Cross-Calibrated, Multiplatform Analysis of Wind Speed." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 2596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00018.1.
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Abstract The Desroziers diagnostics (DD) are applied to the cross-calibrated, multiplatform (CCMP) ocean surface wind datasets to estimate wind speed errors of the ECMWF background, the microwave satellite observations, and the resulting CCMP analysis. The DD confirm that the ECMWF operational surface wind speed error standard deviations vary with latitude in the range 0.8–1.3 m s−1 and that the cross-calibrated Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) wind speed retrievals’ standard deviations are in the range 0.5–0.7 m s−1. Further, the estimated CCMP analysis wind speed standard deviations are in the range 0.2–0.3 m s−1. The results suggest the need to revise the parameterization of the errors of the first guess at appropriate time (FGAT) procedure. Errors for wind speeds <16 m s−1 are homogeneous; however, for the relatively rare but critical higher wind speed situations, errors are much larger.
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Williams, Brent C., Jamie L. Paik, Laura L. Haley, and Gina M. Grammatico. "Centralized Care Management Support for “High Utilizers” in Primary Care Practices at an Academic Medical Center." Care Management Journals 15, no. 1 (March 2014): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1521-0987.15.1.26.
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Although evidence of effectiveness is limited, care management based outside primary care practices or hospitals is receiving increased attention. The University of Michigan (UM) Complex Care Management Program (CCMP) provides care management for uninsured and underinsured, high-utilizing patients in multiple primary care practices. To inform development of optimal care management models, we describe the CCMP model and characteristics and health care utilization patterns of its patients. Of a consecutive series of 49 patients enrolled at CCMP in 2011, the mean (SD) age was 48 (±14); 23 (47%) were women; and 29 (59%) were White. Twenty-eight (57%) had two or more chronic medical conditions, 39 (80%) had one or more psychiatric condition, 28 (57%) had a substance abuse disorder, and 11 (22%) were homeless. Through phone, e-mail, and face-to-face contact with patients and primary care providers (PCPs), care managers coordinated health and social services and facilitated access to medical and mental health care. Patients had a mean (SD) number of hospitalizations and emergency room (ER) visits in 6 months prior to enrollment of 2.2 (2.5) and 4.2 (4.3), respectively, with a nonstatistically significant decrease in hospitalizations, hospital days, and emergency room visits in 6 months following enrollment in CCMP. Centralized care management support for primary care practices engages high-utilizing patients with complex medical and behavioral conditions in care management that would be difficult to provide through individual practices and may decrease health care utilization by these patients.
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Seifert, Roland. "cCMP and cUMP: emerging second messengers." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 40, no. 1 (January 2015): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2014.10.008.
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Bähre, Heike, Christina Hartwig, Antje Munder, Sabine Wolter, Tane Stelzer, Bastian Schirmer, Ulrike Beckert, et al. "cCMP and cUMP occur in vivo." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 460, no. 4 (May 2015): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.115.
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Dittmar, Fanni, and Roland Seifert. "cCMP und cUMP — neue second messenger." BIOspektrum 21, no. 1 (February 2015): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12268-015-0525-7.
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Laue, Svenja, Moritz Winterhoff, Volkhard Kaever, Jeroen J. van den Heuvel, Frans G. Russel, and Roland Seifert. "cCMP is a substrate for MRP5." Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 387, no. 9 (July 15, 2014): 893–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-014-1018-9.
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Hughes, Claire, Daniel J. Franklin, and Gill Malin. "Iodomethane production by two important marine cyanobacteria: Prochlorococcus marinus (CCMP 2389) and Synechococcus sp. (CCMP 2370)." Marine Chemistry 125, no. 1-4 (July 2011): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2011.01.007.
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Bergametti, Françoise, Geraldine Viot, Christophe Verny, Marie Pierre Brechard, Christian Denier, Pierre Labauge, Paul Petit, et al. "Novel CCM2 missense variants abrogating the CCM1–CCM2 interaction cause cerebral cavernous malformations." Journal of Medical Genetics 57, no. 6 (January 14, 2020): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106401.
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BackgroundCerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular malformations mostly located within the central nervous system. Most deleterious variants are loss of function mutations in one of the three CCM genes. These genes code for proteins that form a ternary cytosolic complex with CCM2 as a hub. Very few CCM2 missense variants have been shown to be deleterious by modifying the ternary CCM complex stability.ObjectivesTo investigate the causality of novel missense CCM2 variants detected in patients with CCM.MethodsThe three CCM genes were screened in 984 patients referred for CCM molecular screening. Interaction between CCM1 and CCM2 proteins was tested using co-immunoprecipitation experiments for the CCM2 missense variants located in the phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain.Results11 distinct CCM2 rare missense variants were found. Six variants predicted to be damaging were located in the PTB domain, four of them were novel. When co-transfected with CCM1 in HEK293T cells, a loss of interaction between CCM1 and CCM2 was observed for all six variants.ConclusionWe showed, using co-immunoprecipitation experiments, that CCM2 missense variants located in the PTB domain were actually damaging by preventing the normal interaction between CCM1 and CCM2. These data are important for diagnosis and genetic counselling, which are challenging in patients harbouring such variants.
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Mendel, D. B., T. Cihlar, K. Moon, and M. S. Chen. "Conversion of 1-[((S)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,4,2-dioxaphosphorinan-5-yl)methyl]cytosine to cidofovir by an intracellular cyclic CMP phosphodiesterase." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41, no. 3 (March 1997): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.41.3.641.
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Cidofovir (HPMPC) [1-[(S)-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-cytosine] is an acyclic nucleotide analog with potent and selective activity against herpesviruses. The prodrug, cyclic HPMPC (cHPMPC) [1-[((S)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,4,2-dioxaphosphorinan-5-yl) methyl]cytosine], has antiviral activity similar to that of the parent compound but exhibits reduced toxicity in animal models. cHPMPC is converted to cidofovir by a cellular cyclic CMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.37) which hydrolyzes a variety of substrates, including adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and cytidine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cCMP). The K(m) and Vmax values for hydrolysis of cHPMPC by cCMP phosphodiesterase purified from human liver are 250 microM and 0.66 nmol.min-1.unit-1, respectively. These values are similar to the K(m) and Vmax values for cAMP (23 microM and 1.16 nmol.min-1.unit-1, respectively) and cCMP (75 microM and 2.32 nmol.min-1.unit of enzyme-1, respectively). The catalytic efficiency (Vmax/K(m) ratio) of this enzyme for the cHPMPC substrate is only 10- to 20-fold lower than those for the natural cyclic nucleotides, indicating that cHPMPC is a viable intracellular substrate for the human enzyme. Kinetic analysis indicates that cHPMPC, cAMP, and cCMP are competitive with respect to each other and that they are hydrolyzed by the same enzyme. cHPMPC is hydrolyzed to cidofovir in all primary human cell systems tested, including those derived from target organs that might be infected in patients with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) disease. Importantly, hydrolysis of cHPMPC is not diminished in cells infected with HCMV.
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Sirirut, Taksaporn, and Pattanapong Tianchai. "On Solving of Constrained Convex Minimize Problem Using Gradient Projection Method." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2018 (October 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1580837.
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Let C and Q be closed convex subsets of real Hilbert spaces H1 and H2, respectively, and let g:C→R be a strictly real-valued convex function such that the gradient ∇g is an 1/L-ism with a constant L>0. In this paper, we introduce an iterative scheme using the gradient projection method, based on Mann’s type approximation scheme for solving the constrained convex minimization problem (CCMP), that is, to find a minimizer q∈C of the function g over set C. As an application, it has been shown that the problem (CCMP) reduces to the split feasibility problem (SFP) which is to find q∈C such that Aq∈Q where A:H1→H2 is a linear bounded operator. We suggest and analyze this iterative scheme under some appropriate conditions imposed on the parameters such that another strong convergence theorems for the CCMP and the SFP are obtained. The results presented in this paper improve and extend the main results of Tian and Zhang (2017) and many others. The data availability for the proposed SFP is shown and the example of this problem is also shown through numerical results.
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Zhou, Qiang, and Shiwen Yu. "Annotating the Contemporary Chinese Corpus." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.2.2.05qia.
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In recent years, great progress has been made in Chinese corpus processing. A fifty-million-word Chinese National Corpus project has been put into effect, and many automatic corpus processing programs have also been developed. In this paper, we will briefly introduce our work on constructing a large scale annotated corpus for Chinese grammatical research and developing a Chinese Corpus Multilevel Processing system—CCMP. First, we present our annotation scheme. Second, we discuss some basic methodologies for Chinese corpus analysis and propose a man-machine mutually dependent corpus processing model. Finally, we introduce the survey of our CCMP. We hope our work will give impetus to further research in Chinese corpus linguistics.
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Hartwig, Christina, Heike Bähre, Sabine Wolter, Ulrike Beckert, Volkhard Kaever, and Roland Seifert. "cAMP, cGMP, cCMP and cUMP concentrations across the tree of life: High cCMP and cUMP levels in astrocytes." Neuroscience Letters 579 (September 2014): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.019.
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Cullere, Xavier, Eva Plovie, Paul M. Bennett, Calum A. MacRae, and Tanya N. Mayadas. "The cerebral cavernous malformation proteins CCM2L and CCM2 prevent the activation of the MAP kinase MEKK3." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 46 (November 4, 2015): 14284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510495112.
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Three genes, CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3, interact genetically and biochemically and are mutated in cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). A recently described member of this CCM family of proteins, CCM2-like (CCM2L), has high homology to CCM2. Here we show that its relative expression in different tissues differs from that of CCM2 and, unlike CCM2, the expression of CCM2L in endothelial cells is regulated by density, flow, and statins. In vitro, both CCM2L and CCM2 bind MEKK3 in a complex with CCM1. Both CCM2L and CCM2 interfere with MEKK3 activation and its ability to phosphorylate MEK5, a downstream target. The in vivo relevance of this regulation was investigated in zebrafish. A knockdown of ccm2l and ccm2 in zebrafish leads to a more severe “big heart” and circulation defects compared with loss of function of ccm2 alone, and also leads to substantial body axis abnormalities. Silencing of mekk3 rescues the big heart and body axis phenotype, suggesting cross-talk between the CCM proteins and MEKK3 in vivo. In endothelial cells, CCM2 deletion leads to activation of ERK5 and a transcriptional program that are downstream of MEKK3. These findings suggest that CCM2L and CCM2 cooperate to regulate the activity of MEKK3.
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Dong, Zhounan, and Shuanggen Jin. "Evaluation of Spaceborne GNSS-R Retrieved Ocean Surface Wind Speed with Multiple Datasets." Remote Sensing 11, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 2747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232747.
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Spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite Systems-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) can estimate the geophysical parameters by receiving Earth’s surface reflected signals. The CYclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission with eight microsatellites launched by NASA in December 2016, which provides an unprecedented opportunity to rapidly acquire ocean surface wind speed globally. In this paper, a refined spaceborne GNSS-R sea surface wind speed retrieval algorithm is presented and validated with the ground surface reference wind speed from numerical weather prediction (NWP) and cross-calibrated multi-platform ocean surface wind vector analysis product (CCMP), respectively. The results show that when the wind speed was less than 20 m/s, the RMS of the GNSS-R retrieved wind could achieve 1.84 m/s in the case where the NWP winds were used as the ground truth winds, while the result was better than the NWP-based retrieved wind speed with an RMS of 1.68 m/s when the CCMP winds were used. The two sets of inversion results were further evaluated by the buoy winds, and the uncertainties from the NWP-derived and CCMP-derived model prediction wind speed were 1.91 m/s and 1.87 m/s, respectively. The accuracy of inversed wind speeds for different GNSS pseudo-random noise (PRN) satellites and types was also analyzed and presented, which showed similar for different PRN satellites and different types of satellites.
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Qin, Lingfeng, Haifeng Zhang, Busu Li, Quan Jiang, Francesc Lopez, Wang Min, and Jenny Huanjiao Zhou. "CCM3 Loss-Induced Lymphatic Defect Is Mediated by the Augmented VEGFR3-ERK1/2 Signaling." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 41, no. 12 (December 2021): 2943–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.121.316707.
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Objective: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) can happen anywhere in the body, although they most commonly produce symptoms in the brain. The role of CCM genes in other vascular beds outside the brain and retina is not well-examined, although the 3 CCM-associated genes ( CCM1 , CCM2 , and CCM3 ) are ubiquitously expressed in all tissues. We aimed to determine the role of CCM gene in lymphatics. Approach and Results: Mice with an inducible pan–endothelial cell (EC) or lymphatic EC deletion of Ccm3 ( Pdcd10 ECKO or Pdcd10 LECKO ) exhibit dilated lymphatic capillaries and collecting vessels with abnormal valve structure. Morphological alterations were correlated with lymphatic dysfunction in Pdcd10 LECKO mice as determined by Evans blue dye and fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-dextran transport assays. Pdcd10 LECKO lymphatics had increased VEGFR3 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3)-ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) signaling with lymphatic hyperplasia. Mechanistic studies suggested that VEGFR3 is primarily regulated at a transcriptional level in Ccm3-deficient lymphatic ECs, in an NF-κB (nuclear factor κB)–dependent manner. CCM3 binds to importin alpha 2/KPNA2 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2), and a CCM3 deletion releases KPNA2 to activate NF-κB P65 by facilitating its nuclear translocation and P65-dependent VEGFR3 transcription. Moreover, increased VEGFR3 in lymphatic EC preferentially activates ERK1/2 signaling, which is critical for lymphatic EC proliferation. Importantly, inhibition of VEGFR3 or ERK1/2 rescued the lymphatic defects in structure and function. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that CCM3 deletion augments the VEGFR3-ERK1/2 signaling in lymphatic EC that drives lymphatic hyperplasia and malformation and warrant further investigation on the potential clinical relevance of lymphatic dysfunction in patients with CCM.
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Farmaha, M., M. Abrahamovych, O. Abrahamovych, O. Fayura, and V. Chemes. "Syntropic Lesions of the Cardiovascular System in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: their Determination; Selected Pathogenetic Mechanisms; Characteristics and Specifics; Clinical Markers, Their Prognostic Value; Justification and Effectiveness of Modified Treatment (Second Notice)." Lviv clinical bulletin 4, no. 32 (October 19, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25040/lkv2020.04.008.
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Introduction. Comorbid syntropic lesions of the circulatory system in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), although often fatal, are poorly studied. The aim of the study. To distinguish syntropic lesions of the cardiovascular system in patients with LC, to determine some of their pathogenetic mechanisms, nature, and characteristics, to determine clinical markers with prognostic value, to justify and evaluate the effectiveness of their modified treatment. Materials and methods. We processed medical records of 603 patients with LC and detected circulatory system lesions in 490 patients. Some of them had only one type of lesions (study groups): 103 patients were diagnosed with cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCMP), and 89 patients were diagnosed with arterial hypotension. Patients without the circulatory system lesions (113 patients) formed a comparison group. The purpose of the first step of the study was to determine syntropic comorbid lesions of the circulatory system. The purpose of the second step was to study some pathogenetic mechanisms of their formation. The purpose of the third step was to characterize these lesions, classify them, and determine their specific characteristics related to the severity of LC. The purpose of the fourth step was to determine their clinical markers. The purpose of the fifth step was to justify a modified course of treatment for patients with LC and syntropic cardiovascular lesions as well as to assess its effectiveness. Results. The presence of the combination of such complaints as nausea, jaundice of the skin and sclera in patients with LC and the absence of the “jellyfish head” symptom lets us think with 97.09 % sensitivity, 98.02 % specificity and 97.70 % accuracy about syntropic secondary CCMP. In the presence of the combination of such complaints as pain and heaviness in the right side of the abdomen, ascites, hepato-, splenomegaly and telangiectasia lets us think with 85.39 % sensitivity, 98.61 % specificity and 94.75 % accuracy about syntropic persistent hypotension. Improvement of the comprehensive treatment of patients with LC, syntropic secondary CCMP and persistent hypotension, taking into account the peculiarities of their pathogenesis and clinical course, can improve the quality of life of patients by 44.95 % and 40.39 %, respectively, and significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment. Conclusions. Clinical symptom complexes that indicate the presence of syntropic lesions of the circulatory system – a combination of complaints of nausea, jaundice and sclera in the absence of symptoms of “jellyfish head” indicates CCMP, and a combination of complaints of pain and heaviness in the right hypochondrium, ascites, hepato- and splenomegaly and telangiectasia indicate persistent hypotension. Improvement of the comprehensive treatment of patients with LC and CCMP by adding a β-blocker with α-blocking properties of carvedilol (1 tablet (3.125 mg) twice a day), cardio- and hepatoprotector thiotriazoline (in patients with LC and CCMP of the 1st degree of severity (100.0 mg) three times a day, patients with LC and CCMP II and III degrees of severity – intramuscularly 2.0 ml of 2.5 % solution (50.0 mg) three times a day for five days, then 1 tablet (100.0 mg) three times a day), and improvement of the comprehensive treatment of patients with LC and persistent hypotension of I and II degrees of severity by adding ivabradine (1 tablet (5.0 mg) in the morning after meals), patients for hypotension of III degree of severity – intravenous albumin solution (at the rate of 1.5 g/kg for at least 10 days), as well as α-lipoic acid (1 capsule (600.0 mg) in the morning after meals), in the presence of ascites and edema syndrome – spironolactone (in the dosage, which is provided by the severity of the complication, of us a blunt transition to a maintenance dose of 1 tablet (50.0 mg) in the morning after a meal) enhanced the quality of life by 44.95 % and 40.39 %, respectively, and significantly increased the effectiveness of treatment.
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Ghosh, Nina, and John Hilton. "Orthotopic Heart Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support in Cancer Survivors: Challenges and Outcomes." Journal of Oncology 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/232607.
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Chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy (CCMP) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Compared to cardiomyopathy due to other causes, anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy is associated with a worse survival. As cancer survival improves, patients with CCMP can be expected to comprise a significant proportion of patients who may require advanced therapies such as inotropic support, cardiac transplantation, or left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Distinct outcomes related to advanced therapies for end-stage heart failure in this patient population may arise due to unique demographic characteristics and comorbidities. We review recent literature regarding the characteristics of patients who have survived cancer undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory support for end-stage heart failure. The challenges and outcomes of advanced therapies for heart failure related specifically to anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy are emphasized.
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Stanić, Stefan. "WI-FI KRIPTOPROCESOR." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 34, no. 01 (December 19, 2018): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/01be16stanic.
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Ovaj rad ima za cilj da upozna čitaoca sa CCMP kriptografskim protokol korišćenim u mnogim WiFi sistemima, kao i da dokumentuje i opiše projektovani sistem koji implementuje ovaj protokol u hardveru i softveru.
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Stahl, Sonja, Sabine Gaetzner, Katrin Voss, Bettina Brackertz, Elisa Schleider, Oguzkan Sürücü, Ekkehard Kunze, et al. "Novel CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3 mutations in patients with cerebral cavernous malformations: in-frame deletion in CCM2 prevents formation of a CCM1/CCM2/CCM3 protein complex." Human Mutation 29, no. 5 (February 25, 2008): 709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.20712.
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Seifert, Roland. "Distinct Signaling Roles of cIMP, cCMP, and cUMP." Structure 24, no. 10 (October 2016): 1627–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2016.09.002.
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TANAPONGPIPAT, Sutipa, Eleanor REID, Jeffrey A. COLE, and Helen CROOKE. "Transcriptional control and essential roles of the Escherichia coli ccm gene products in formate-dependent nitrite reduction and cytochrome c synthesis." Biochemical Journal 334, no. 2 (September 1, 1998): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3340355.
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The eight ccm genes located at minute 47 on the Escherichia coli chromosome, in the order ccmABCDEFGH, encode homologues of proteins which are essential for cytochrome c assembly in other bacteria. The ccm genes are immediately downstream from the napFDAGHBC genes encoding a periplasmic nitrate reductase. CcmH was previously shown to be essential for cytochrome c assembly. Deletion analysis and a two-plasmid strategy have now been used to demonstrate that CcmA, B, D, E, F and G are also essential for cytochrome c assembly, and hence for cytochrome-c-dependent nitrite reduction. The ccm genes are transcribed from a ccmA promoter located within the adjacent gene, napC, which is the structural gene for a 24 kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome, NapC. Transcription from this ccmA promoter is induced approximately 5-fold during anaerobic growth, independently of a functional Fnr protein: it is also not regulated by the ArcB–ArcA two-component regulatory system. The ccmA promoter is an example of the ‘extended -10 sequence ’ group of promoters with a TGX motif immediately upstream of the -10 sequence. Mutagenesis of the TG motif to TC, CT or CC resulted in loss of about 50% of the promoter activity. A weak second promoter is suggested to permit transcription of the downstream ccmEFGH genes in the absence of transcription readthrough from the upstream napF and ccmA promoters. The results are consistent with, but do not prove, the current view that CcmA, B, C and D are part of an essential haem transport mechanism, that CcmE, F and H are required for covalent haem attachment to cysteine-histidine motifs in cytochrome c apoproteins in the periplasm, and that CcmG is required for the reduction of cysteine residues on apocytochromes c in preparation for haem ligation.
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Aurairat, Anuchit, and Boonyang Plangklang. "An Alternative Perturbation and Observation Modifier Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV Systems." Symmetry 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14010044.
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Under the current situation, it is necessary to harness solar energy to generate more electricity. However, the disadvantage of solar energy is that it takes a lot of space to install solar panels. An option to optimize PV systems is to improve the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm based on symmetrical management has the advantage of being easy to use without updating the devices. The improved algorithm achieves symmetry between the maximum power point (MPP) and the output of the PV array, resulting in less power loss and increased system efficiency. This paper presents the MPPT of photovoltaic using the current control modifier perturbation and observation plus fuzzy logic control (CCMP&O−FLC MPPT). The algorithm of CCMP&O−FLC MPPT is applied to reduce the setting time and to reduce oscillation around the set-point at a steady state. This concept was experimented with using a boost converter with MATLAB/Simulink software package and implemented by STM32F4VGA microcontroller. The simulation and experiment results are obtained by comparison with traditional P&O under similar operating conditions. The CCMP&O−FLC MPPT can track MPP faster when the irradiation is rapidly changing and, therefore, can reduce the PV system losses. In addition, the advantages of this proposed method can also be applied to improve the performance of existing systems without modifying existing equipment, unlike modern methods that cannot be applied to older systems. The results showed that the MPPT time and the power output efficiency of the proposed algorithm were 146 milliseconds and 99.5%, respectively.
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Phillips, Chelsea M., Svetlana M. Stamatovic, Richard F. Keep, and Anuska V. Andjelkovic. "Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Pathogenesis: Investigating Lesion Formation and Progression with Animal Models." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 5000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095000.
Full textAbstract:
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a cerebromicrovascular disease that affects up to 0.5% of the population. Vessel dilation, decreased endothelial cell–cell contact, and loss of junctional complexes lead to loss of brain endothelial barrier integrity and hemorrhagic lesion formation. Leakage of hemorrhagic lesions results in patient symptoms and complications, including seizures, epilepsy, focal headaches, and hemorrhagic stroke. CCMs are classified as sporadic (sCCM) or familial (fCCM), associated with loss-of-function mutations in KRIT1/CCM1, CCM2, and PDCD10/CCM3. Identifying the CCM proteins has thrust the field forward by (1) revealing cellular processes and signaling pathways underlying fCCM pathogenesis, and (2) facilitating the development of animal models to study CCM protein function. CCM animal models range from various murine models to zebrafish models, with each model providing unique insights into CCM lesion development and progression. Additionally, these animal models serve as preclinical models to study therapeutic options for CCM treatment. This review briefly summarizes CCM disease pathology and the molecular functions of the CCM proteins, followed by an in-depth discussion of animal models used to study CCM pathogenesis and developing therapeutics.
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Nath Mishra, Kamta. "A Proficient Mechanism for Cloud Security Supervision in Distributive Computing Environment." International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security 12, no. 6 (December 8, 2020): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2020.06.05.
Full textAbstract:
In the existing epoch, the cloud-IoT integrated distributive computing is earning very high attractiveness because of its immense characteristics which can be divided into two categories namely essential and common characteristics. The essential characteristics of cloud-IoT computing are demand dependent like broad network access, self-service, resource pooling, and speedy elastic nature. The common characteristics of cloud-IoT computing are homogeneity, massive scale, virtualization, resilient computing, low cost software availability, service orientation, geographic independent computation, and advanced safety availability. The cloud-IoT dependent internetworked distributive computation is internet based computation environment in which infrastructure, application software, and various similar / dissimilar platforms are accessible in the cloud and the end users (businessman, developers) have the right to use it as the client. Cloud is a step from Utility Computing and several industries / companies are frequently using cloud based systems in their day-to-day work. Therefore, safety issues and challenges of cloud computing cannot be avoided in the current era. Hence, the researchers must develop high order authentication protocols for preventing the safety threats of cloud based data communication systems.. The proposed CCMP (Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol) based management of cloud-IoT integrated information is a two phase authenticated encoding (AE) mechanism. The first phase is worn for executing privacy computations, and the second phase is used for computing validation and truthfulness. Here, both the cycles use same encoding technique. It is well known to us that the CCM/CCMP is an amalgamation of two forms namely AES counter form and CBC- MAC (cipher-block-chain message authentication code) protocol form. The counter form is worn to carry out encoding which guarantees data privacy whereas CBCMAC is worn to attain data legitimacy and reliability. In this investigation work the author has investigated and critically analyzed the CCMP dependent safe Cloud-IoT integrated distributive mechanism for data / information management. The proposed approach further improves the overall security and performance of cloud-IoT integrated computing networks. Further, the author has solved the challenges of cloud-IoT computing by studying and analyzing major cloud-IoT computing safety concerns, and safety threats which are expected in future generation cloud computing systems. In this paper, the author has proposed CCMP & CBC-HMAC (Cipher-Block-Chain key Hash-MessageAuthentication-Code) encoding protocol can be efficiently used for providing information safety and preventing various attacks when the data is being transferred between the Cloud and a local network. The prevention mechanism for unauthorized access of data within the cloud is also presented whose performance is highly satisfactory. A secure and flexible framework to support self-organize and self register of consumer’s information in to the cloud network is designed and tested. The testing results of proposed analysis provides us very clear evidences that the PRF of CCMP is a superior and secure in contrast to that of CBC-HMAC.
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Koteska, Diana, Selene Sanchez Garcia, Irene Wagner-Döbler, and Stefan Schulz. "Identification of Volatiles of the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum." Marine Drugs 20, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20060371.
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The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum, often called P. minimum, is a potentially toxic alga found in algal blooms. Volatile compounds released by the alga might carry important information, e.g., on its physiological state, and may act as chemical messengers. We report here the identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by two strains, xenic P. cordatum CCMP 1529 and axenic P. cordatum CCMP 1329. The volatiles released during culture were identified despite their low production rates, using sensitive methods such as open-system-stripping analysis (OSSA) on Tenax TA desorption tubes, thermodesorption, cryofocusing and GC/MS-analysis. The analyses revealed 16 compounds released from the xenic strain and 52 compounds from the axenic strain. The majority of compounds were apocarotenoids, aromatic compounds and small oxylipins, but new natural products such as 3,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide were also identified and synthesized. The large difference of compound composition between xenic and axenic algae will be discussed.
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Li, Ming, Jiping Liu, Zhenzhan Wang, Hui Wang, Zhanhai Zhang, Lin Zhang, and Qinghua Yang. "Assessment of Sea Surface Wind from NWP Reanalyses and Satellites in the Southern Ocean." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1842–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00240.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Reanalysis projects and satellite data analysis have provided surface wind over the global ocean. To assess how well one can reconstruct the variations of surface wind in the data-sparse Southern Ocean, sea surface wind speed data from 1) the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–Department of Energy reanalysis (NCEP–DOE), 2) the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), 3) National Climate Data Center (NCDC) blended sea winds, and 4) cross-calibrated multiplatform (CCMP) ocean surface velocity are evaluated. First, the accuracy of sea surface wind speed is validated with quality-controlled in situ measurements from research vessels. The results show that the CCMP value is closer to the ship observations than other products, whereas the NCEP–DOE value has the largest systematic positive bias. All four products show large positive biases under weak wind regimes, good agreement with the ship observations under moderate wind regimes, and large negative biases under high wind regimes. Second, the consistency and discrepancy of sea surface wind speed across different products is examined. The intercomparisons suggest that these products show encouraging agreement in the spatial distribution of the annual-mean sea surface wind speed. The largest across-data scatter is found in the central Indian sector of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which is comparable to its respective interannual variability. The monthly-mean correlations between pairs of products are high. However, differing from the decadal trends of NCEP–DOE, NCDC, and CCMP that show an increase of sea surface wind speed in the Antarctic Circumpolar region, ERA-Interim has an opposite sign there.