Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'CCTV cameras'

The ubiquitous nature of CCTV Surveillance cameras means substantial amounts of data being generated. In case of an investigation, this data must be manually browsed and analysed in search of relevant information for the case. As an example, it took more than 450 detectives to examine the hundreds of thousands of hours of videos in the investigation of the 2011 London Riots: one of the largest the London's MET police has ever seen. Anything that can help the security forces save resources in investigations such as this, is valuable. Consequently, automatic analysis of surveillance scenes is a growing research area. One of the research fronts tackling this issue, is the semantic understanding of the scene. In this, the output of computer vision algorithms is fed into Semantic Frameworks, which combine all the information from different sources and try to reach a better knowledge of the scene. However, representing and reasoning with imprecise and uncertain information remains an outstanding issue in current implementations. The Demspter-Sha er (DS) Theory of Evidence has been proposed as a way to deal with imprecise and uncertain information. In this thesis we use it for the main contributions. In our rst contribution, we propose the use of the DS theory and its Transferable Belief Model (TBM) realisation as a way to combine Bayesian priors, using the subjectivist view of the Bayes' Theorem, where the probabilities are beliefs. We rst compute the a priori probabilities of all the pair of events in the model. Then a global potential is created for each event using the TBM. This global potential will encode all the prior knowledge for that particular concept. This has the bene t that when this potential is included in a knowledge base because it has been learned, all the knowledge it entails comes with it. We also propose a semantic web reasoner based on the TBM. This reasoner consists of an ontology to model any domain knowledge using the TBM constructs of Potentials, Focal Elements, and Con gurations. The reasoner also consists of the implementations of the TBM operations in a semantic web framework. The goal is that after the model has been created, the TBM operations can be applied and the knowledge combined and queried. These operations are computationally complex, so we also propose parallel heuristics to the TBM operations. This allows us to apply this paradigm on problems of thousands of records. The nal contribution, is the use of the TBM semantic framework with the method to combine the prior knowledge to detect riots on CCTV footage from the 2011 London riots. We use around a million and a half manually annotated frames with 6 di erent concepts related to the riot detection task, train the system, and infer the presence of riots in the test dataset. Tests show that the system yields a high recall, but a low precision, meaning that there are a lot of false positives. We also show that the framework scales well as more compute power becomes available.

A new field of research commonly referred to as 'surveillance studies' has emerged over the past decade. Despite work being done in this area long before September 11, 2001, the acts of terrorism which occurred on that day, and the subsequent response by several states have spawned an explosion of interest in this area. This study looks beyond post-9/11 surveillance practices and technological obsessions, delving into the 'black box' to explore how CCTV surveillance is conducted within the institutions of everyday life. Drawing on ten interviews and covering eight sites that employ CCTV surveillance this research explores how camera operators organize and perceive their work. Of specific interest is developing an understanding of how CCTV operators determine whom and/or what requires their attention. The researcher interrogates the 'selective gaze' of CCTV operators to reveal that their gaze is frequently directed by information they receive from other sources. This study also corroborates Norris and Armstrong's (1999) suggestion that an individual operator's own values and beliefs play an important factor with regard to their selectivity. In addition to exploring the gaze of CCTV operators as it relates to suspicion, this work also provides an understanding of how surveillance information flows within and through the surveillance sites.

This thesis describes work towards a more advanced multiple camera tracking system. This work was sponsored by BARCO who had developed a motion tracker (referred to as the BARCO tracker) and wanted to assess its performance, improve the tracker and explore applications especially for multi-camera systems. The overall requirement then gave rise to specific work in this project: Two trackers (the BARCO tracker and OpenCV 1.0 blobtracker) are tested using a set of datasets with a range of challenges, and their performances are quantitatively evaluated and compared. Then, the BARCO tracker has been further improved by adding three new modules: ghost elimination, shadow removal and improved Kalman filter. Afterwards, the improved tracker is used as part of a multi-camera tracking system. Also, automatic camera calibration methods are proposed to effectively calibrate a network of cameras with minimum manual support (draw lines features in the scene image) and a novel scene modelling method is proposed to overcome the limitations of previous methods. The main contributions of this work to knowledge are listed as follows: A rich set of track based metrics is proposed which allows the user to quantitatively identify specific strengths and weaknesses of an object tracking system, such as the performance of specific modules of the system or failures under specific conditions. Those metrics also allow the user to measure the improvements that have been applied to a tracking system and to compare performance of different tracking methods. For single camera tracking, new modules have been added to the BARCO tracker to improve the tracking performance and prevent specific tracking failures. A novel method is proposed by the author to identify and remove ghost objects. Another two methods are adopted from others to reduce the effect of shadow and improve the accuracy of tracking. For multiple camera tracking, a quick and efficient method is proposed for automatically calibrating multiple cameras into a single view map based on homography mapping. Then, vertical axis based approach is used to fuse detections from single camera views and Kalman filter is employed to track objects on the ground plane. Last but not least, a novel method is proposed to automatically learn a 3D non-coplanar scene model (e.g. multiple levels, stairs, and overpass) by exploiting the variation of pedestrian heights within the scene. Such method will extend the applicability of the existing multi-camera tracking algorithm to a larger variety of environments: both indoors and outdoors where objects (pedestrians and/or vehicles) are not constrained to move on a single flat ground plane.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of manufacturing gas valves on the automatic line and the design of CCTV systems to detect errors at assembly in Honeywell Czech Republic Ltd. The aim of this thesis is mutual comparison of the respective proposed options of the camera system, their optimal selection, and the evaluation of detected errors of the line by using Pareto Charts. An integral part of this work is a brief description of the automatic line for gas valves and the history of Honeywell Company.

‘Knarkrondellen’, which translates to ‘Drug Roundabout’, is a known hot spot for drug trading in Malmö and the police have implemented several measures to prevent the narcotic crimes. This paper sets out to investigate the impact that the police interventions, namely enhanced police foot patrols, improved street lighting and the installation of a surveillance camera, have on the crime rates and the fear of crime at the roundabout. In a multi-method approach, quantitative data from the police register and police surveys as well as qualitative observations and interviews with the residents are analyzed. The findings show that the police interventions did not reach the desired preventative effect in the given study period and indicate the occurrence of displacement. The citizens’ feeling of safety and perception of the problems did not change significantly as a result of the interventions. Overall, the surveys and interviews suggest that the police are on the right track; however, a longer follow-up period is needed in order to examine the long-term effects of the intervention measures. Additionally, an enhanced involvement of the community in the fight against drug crimes appears necessary.

With increased capabilities in technology we’ve seen a huge societal impact in how we live our lives and what can be done with our personal information. Even if the purpose of camera surveillance might be done with good intent, by surveilling a population the question of privacy comes to light. The study aims to understand how camera surveillance affects privacy. The study also looks forward into the future with the possibilities of facial recognition and how this technology would change camera surveillance and in turn privacy. Important to note is that this study does not aim to examine whether camera surveillance is an effective means of crime prevention or crime investigation, but rather the consequences it entails for people’s privacy and how the infringement on privacy is seen from an ethical and a judicial standpoint. This study’s focus is examining camera surveillance and privacy in Sweden. The results and conclusion of the study derives from 4 different themes that were identified during the method segment, these are, Ethics, Law, Camera Surveillance, and Facial Recognition. Firstly, the study argues that trust and transparency needed for camera surveillance to be accepted by the public and to make sure that the camera surveillance is ethical. Secondly, we argue there is an ongoing infringement on privacy and additional risks if the storing of personal information gathered by surveillance cameras exists. Thirdly, an imbalance between technological possibilities and legal possibilities can lead to either a threat- or protection for privacy. Furthermore, the study acknowledges the importance of government agencies to be able to uphold laws and regulations regarding camera surveillance and privacy. Finally, the study finds mixed views regarding camera surveillance mixed with additional technologies, such as facial recognition. To increase trust and to make sure the technology serves the people we argue that some sort of ethical governance is needed.

This master's thesis deals with design and implementation of system for securing and monitoring objects. The whole system is serving as an application getaway between typical TCP/IP network and heterogeneous network containing different end devices such as security cameras, microphones and some sensors (e.g. for temperature measurement). In case of detected event, the notification is created, recorded and the user is informed via administrative front-end. System can be managed from remote location and data from devices can be shown by web interface. Theoretical part of this project concerns with the analysis of different types of connecting devices and sensors and the possibilities of their usage for the monitoring systems along with description of communications protocols for each end device. The next part deals with the cameras interfaces, content analysis and connectivity with central server. Practical part describes methods and techniques used for implementation of system.

L’état de surveillance dans lequel est plongée la société contemporaine contraint à ériger des dispositifs spécifiques de sécurité. Les méthodes de surveillance utilisées relèvent principalement de l’observation et de l’écoute. De ce fait, le septième art, jouant sur « l’audio – visuel », se serait réapproprié certains de ces dispositifs comme celui de la caméra de surveillance.Ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le courant des Visual Culture Studies, etcherche à faire l’archéologie puis l’analyse d’un regard particulier, tel que le cinéma de fiction l’actualise très souvent depuis plusieurs années, celui des caméras de surveillance. Ainsi, la prolifération de ces images de surveillance dans les filmsmontre l’impact de phénomènes sociaux dans la représentation tant des images desautorités, que celles produites par les citoyens A travers les concepts de la surveillance, en passant par ceux de la sousveillance, la caméra de surveillance aucinéma apporte des points de vues divers sur le monde qui nous entoure en puisantégalement dans des représentations hybrides via l’intermédialité proposée par les films
The contemporary society is immersed in a state of surveillance, which forces it to set up specific security devices. The surveillance techniques used are mainlybased on observation and listening. Thus, cinema, as an audio and visual art has adopted some of these devices, such as the surveillance camera.This research takes part in the Visual Culture Studies, and aims to offer anarcheological description followed by the analysis of a specific gaze, that of the surveillance cameras, which has often been actualized over the past several years through narrative cinema. Consequently, the increased presence of thesesurveillance images in the movies shows the impact of social phenomenons in the representation of images produced by the authorities and those produced by private citizens. With the notions of surveillance and sousveillance, the surveillance camerain cinema displays several points of view of the world that surrounds us, using also hybrid representations through the intermediality offered by films

This master thesis deals with the design of complex security system for company area with using PZTS and CCTV system. The thesis is divided into three separate parts, first part is focused on analysis the company and the current physical security state. Second part of thesis deals with theoretical bases. And the final part covers the concept of the PZTS and CCTV system solution. Here are all the chosen elements which will be used for realization

The content of this thesis is the complex security system proposal, specifically of PZTS system and CCTV system. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is analysis of the current state, the second is theoretical part and the third part is a practical part. The first part deals with the analysis of the current state of physical security and technical protection of the premises. The theoretical part deals with theoretical solutions for security system proposal. The practical part is focused on separate PZTS and CCTV systems proposal, that will meet all the requirements and standards of the customer.

The aim of my thesis is to elucitade MBI model to primary and secondary educational system, it means to schools and their elected IT processes from practical point of view. The reference model of Management Business Information is developed at the Department of Information at the Faculty of Information and Statistics at the School of Economics in Prague. The theoretical part of my thesis deals with elucitading of the reference MBI model to a reader. It briefly summarizes IT processes at educational system and refers to sources used while defining new MBI objects. This chapter also defines elected IT processes at educational system for which there are made MBI objects in a practical part of my thesis. In practical part of my thesis there are made proposals of defined objects including samples of documentation patterns. These objects are presented in charts that correspond with a format of MBI objects. In the last part of my thesis there is an example of applying the defined objects in practice while solving the process of installation the safety (camera) system with recording -- personal data processing. The proposals of defined objects are also published on MBI portal.

This diploma thesis deals with design, realization and analysis of security and surveillance systems for buildings and spaces containing advanced components. One of the main design's parts is dedicated to intruder alarm system, access system, attendance and CCTV systems with the possibility of automatic motion tracking. Controlling and monitoring of particular subsystems is possible both locally and remotely from a computer via a web interface or by means of a software. The access to camera system from a mobile phone is also possible. IAS/ACS systems also enable controlling and transferring information about their state via SMS. The designed system was realized completely and its operating was demonstrated. The realization is described in detail including illustration of configuration of particular components. A security analysis and a possible future development of the project is summarized in the conclusion.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia de Comunicações
This dissertation aims to describe the research work done on the integration of video surveillance systems. The word vigilância comes from the Latin term "vigilia" and has that definition as a period over which the person is intentionally awakens with devotion to observe an event. Video systems for this purpose, although they have appeared in the mid-twentieth century, just at the end of that century and early twenty-first century, began to gain importance and reach a maturity so they can be used in virtually all areas, including in our homes. But with the great demand for these solutions, we found an endless number of solutions and diversification rather large. Something that results in a process quite time consuming and sometimes complicated as regards the integration of technologies from different manufacturers. In order to achieve this objective, the integration of video surveillance systems, began to conduct a market study to select the video cameras more "common" with a reasonable value for money, and try to find a solution from there. After a study of already implemented solution Eye Net, it was found the possibility to develop some features and wider the application with respect to environments and systems for display. So, in this way the application becomes more ambitious in its purpose. In order to evaluate the performance of the upgraded application, it was uploaded to a server, getting on-line for testing and demonstrations. Finally are discussed themes that can be developed in future projects, or future developments.
Esta dissertação tem como objectivo descrever o trabalho de investigação efectuado sobre a integração de sistemas de vídeo vigilância. A palavra vigilância vem do termo latim 'vigilia' que tem como definição um período sobre o qual a pessoa está intencionalmente desperta com a intenção de observar um evento. Os sistemas de vídeo para este efeito embora tenham aparecido em meados do século XX, apenas no final e início do século XXI, começaram a ganhar importância e a atingir uma maturidade para poderem ser usados praticamente em todas as áreas, incluindo em nossas casas. Mas com a grande procura destas soluções, encontrou-se um infindável número de soluções e uma diversi cação bastante grande. Algo que resulta num processo bastante moroso e por vezes complicado no que toca à integração de tecnologias de diferentes fabricantes. Com o intuito de alcançar este objectivo, a integração de sistemas de vídeo vigilância, começou-se por efectuar um estudo de mercado para seleccionar as câmaras de vídeo mais 'comuns', com uma relação qualidade/preço boa, e tentar encontrar uma solução a partir desta base. Após um estudo da já implementada solução Eye-Net, verificou-se que era possível desenvolver algumas funcionalidades e torná-la mais abrangente no que toca a ambientes e sistemas de visualização para que a aplicação se torne mais ambiciosa no seu propósito. De modo a avaliar o desempenho da aplicação desenvolvida, esta foi transferida para um servidor, ficando online para testes e demonstrações. Por fim são abordadas temáticas que podem ser desenvolvidas em futuros projectos, ou em desenvolvimentos da mesma.

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Science.
Developing a method of identifying persons of interest (POIs) in uncontrolled environments, accurately and rapidly, is paramount in the 21st century. One such technique to do this is by using automated facial recognition systems (FRS). To date, FRS have mainly been tested in laboratory conditions (controlled) however there is little publically available research to indicate the performance levels, and therefore the feasibility of using FRS in public, uncontrolled environments, known as face-in-a-crowd (FIAC). This research project was hence directed at determining the feasibility of FIAC technology in uncontrolled, operational environments with the aim of being able to identify POIs. This was done by processing imagery obtained from a range of environments and camera technologies through one of the latest FR algorithms to evaluate the current level of FIAC performance. The hypothesis was that FR performance with higher resolution imagery would produce better FR results and that FIAC will be feasible in an operational environment when certain variables are controlled, such as camera type (resolution), lighting and number of people in the field of view. Key findings from this research revealed that although facial recognition algorithms for FIAC applications have shown improvement over the past decade, the feasibility of its deployment into uncontrolled environments remains unclear. The results support previous literature regarding the quality of the imagery being processed largely affecting the FRS performance, as imagery produced from high resolution cameras produced better performance results than imagery produced from CCTV cameras. The results suggest the current FR technology can potentially be viable in a FIAC scenario, if the operational environment can be modified to become better suited for optimal image acquisition. However, in areas where the environmental constraints were less controlled, the performance levels are seen to decrease significantly. The essential conclusion is that the data be processed with new versions of the algorithms that can track subjects through the environment, which is expected to vastly increase the performance, as well as potentially run an additional trial in alternate locations to gain a greater understanding of the feasibility of FIAC generically.

This thesis is an exploratory investigation of public opinion about open-street closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance in Canada. Since 1981, at least 14 cities in Canada have established CCTV monitoring programs to address crime, fear of crime, and social disorder. Opportunities for the public to participate in the establishment of CCTV are limited, yet the opinions and interests of Canadians are invoked in CCTV promotional rhetoric. This study involves the discourse analysis of data from focus groups on the subject of CCTV conducted with seniors and support shelter clients in downtown Kelowna, British Columbia; Kelowna has run a CCTV monitoring program since 2001. I argue that understandings of public CCTV are linked to normative visions of the downtown, rather than evidence of CCTV’s effectiveness. I also argue that public opinion about CCTV is contingent on the availability of resources and information. I recommend improved public consultation as one possible solution.

The topic of this thesis is the legal regulation of camera system in the workplace and characterization of its encroachment on personal rights of employees. The main emphasis is put on conditions, which employer must fulfil to install a camera system in the workplace in compliance with the legal order of Czech Republic. Furthermore this thesis is devoted to issues of discreet surveillance and of defence of employee options in case of illegal monitoring. This thesis is divided into three following chapters. In the first chapter, technological development of video camera and its components as well its gradual using as surveillance equipment in public space and afterwards in private life of persons are described. This chapter deals with today's situation and number of video cameras in society, not only in Czech Republic but also in the whole world. Increasing amount of video cameras represents as its consequence a reason for legal disputes, especially neighborhood's legal disputes. Considering that mentioned fact, the relevant decisions of the Supreme Court illustrating attitude of judicature to camera surveillance are incorporated in the first chapter. The thesis' core is set in the second chapter, which is focused on concrete conditions of installation of camera monitoring in the workplace and their...