Journal articles: 'Cd absorption'

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Chen, Su, Lei Chao, Li Na Sun, and Tie Heng Sun. "Competition Absorption and Desorption Dynamic Character of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc by Soil in North-East of China." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.52.

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The competitive absorption and desorption of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in meadow brown soil from Liaoning province in north-east China was studied in the paper in order to establish the selectivity sequences for the sorption and desorption of these heavy metals in the soil and obtain the absorption and desorption dynamic character of these heavy metals. The results showed that with the increasing of the absorption times, the absorption quantities of Cd, Pb and Zn were increased little by little. The absorption process of Cd, Pb and Zn could be divided into the fast absorption phase and the slow absorption phase. And the fast absorption phases were from the beginning to 60 min, 120 min and 120 min for Cd, Pb and Zn, respectively. The more company metals (i.e. Pb and Zn) existed in the absorption solutions, the less absorption quantities of Cd absorbed by soil. The co-existence of Cd, Pb and Zn had obviously decreased the absorption of Pb by soil. And it was the same situation that Zn absorbed by soil was decreased by the company metals such as Cd, Pb. The company metals had obvious influence on the desorption process of Cd. The existence of Pb and Zn promoted the desorption of Cd. And desorption behavior of Zn was bated by the existence of Pb and Cd. While the company metals Cd and Zn restrained the desorption of Pb. The best equation to describe the absorption and desorption dynamic character of Cd, Pb and Zn was Elovich equation, next was Two–constant equation, and the effect of First-order dynamics equation was not good.

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Callegaro, MGK, BG Milbradt, E. Alves, T. Diettrich, DM Kemerich, BS Hausen, FA Duarte, EMM Flores, VL Dressler, and T. Emanuelli. "Effect of wheat bran and flaxseed on cadmium effects and retention in rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 30, no. 8 (September 27, 2010): 981–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327110384526.

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Dietary fiber can affect cadmium (Cd) absorption and toxicity, but the effect appears to depend on the type of dietary fiber. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of dietary sources containing distinct amounts of soluble and insoluble fiber on Cd absorption, accumulation and toxicity in growing rats. The absorption of essential macrominerals (Ca, P and Mg) was also evaluated. Animals received a nutritionally balanced diet with cellulose (cel — control), wheat bran or flaxseed as the fiber source with 0 or 50 mg Cd kg-1 diet, during 30 days. Cd exposure reduced body weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, epididymal fat relative weight and liver relative weight, and increased plasma alanine aminotransferase activity in all fiber groups. The apparent Cd absorption was similar among Cd-groups, but the flax-Cd group had a higher hepatic and renal Cd concentration. Cd decreased the absorption of Ca and P, and increased Mg absorption in the wheat bran and flaxseed groups, but not in the cel group. Although the different fiber sources investigated had no effect on Cd toxicity, the major soluble fiber source, flaxseed, increased Cd retention. Thus, caution should be taken in the intake of flaxseed by Cd-exposed populations.

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Erika Mulyana Gultom and M. Turmuzi Lubis. "APLIKASI KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN AKTIVATOR H3PO4 UNTUK PENYERAPAN LOGAM BERAT Cd DAN Pb." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v3i1.1493.

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This research aims to determine the optimum conditions ofactivated carbon made of palm shells activated with H3PO4as an absorber of heavy metals such as Cd and Pb. The research methodology includes the preparation of activated carbon, absorption, and testing. Absorption stage is done by varying the concentration of heavy metals are 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and activated carbon mass per run, which is0.5 grams. Another variable are the contact time with intervals of 5 minutes and the pH arranged heavy metals 2-9. Testing activated carbon absorption to heavy metals using atomic adsorption spectrofotometric (AAS). The results showed that the most optimum absorption is concentration of 10 ppm, 40 minutes and pH absorption3-4. Absorption of heavy metals Cd and Pb obtained 84,61 % and 80,13 %.

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Thomas, Carla, and Phillip S. Oates. "Copper deficiency increases iron absorption in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 285, no. 5 (November 2003): G789—G795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00509.2002.

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Release of iron from enterocytes and hepatocytes is thought to require the copper-dependent ferroxidase activity of hephaestin (Hp) and ceruloplasmin (Cp), respectively. In swine, copper deficiency (CD) impairs iron absorption, but whether this occurs in rats is unclear. By feeding a diet deficient in copper, CD was produced, as evidenced by the loss of copper-dependent plasma ferroxidase I activity, and in enterocytes, CD reduced copper levels and copper-dependent oxidase activity. Hematocrit was reduced, and liver iron was doubled. CD reduced duodenal mucosal iron and ferritin, whereas CD increased iron absorption. Duodenal mucosal DMT1-IRE and ferroportin1 expression remained constant with CD. When absorption in CD rats was compared with that seen normally and in iron-deficient anemic animals, strong correlations were found among mucosal iron, ferritin, and iron absorption, suggesting that the level of iron absorption was appropriate given that the erythroid and stores stimulators of iron absorption are opposed in CD. Because CD reduced the activity of Cp, as evidenced by copper-dependent plasma ferroxidase I activity and hepatocyte iron accumulation, but iron absorption increased, it is unlikely that the ferroxidase activity of Hp is important and suggests another function for this protein in the export of iron from the enterocyte during iron absorption. Also, the copper-dependent ferroxidase activity of Cp does not appear important for iron efflux from macrophages, because Kupffer cells of the liver and nonheme iron levels of the spleen were normal during copper deficiency, suggesting another role for Cp in these cells.

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Schreinemakers, W. A. C. "THE INTERACTION BETWEEN Cd-ABSORPTION AND Cd-COMPARTMENTATION IN WOLFFIELLA GLADIATA." Acta Botanica Neerlandica 35, no. 1 (February 1986): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1986.tb00443.x.

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Jobe, David J., Ronald E. Verrall, and Vincent C. Reinsborough. "Ultrasonic absorption studies in aqueous solutions of modified β-cyclodextrins." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 2131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-327.

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Ultrasonic absorption studies over the frequency range 0.6–210 MHz were conducted in aqueous solutions of the following modified β-cyclodextrins (β-CD): 2,6-O-dimethyl-β-CD (DMβCD), 2,3,6-O-trimethyl-β-CD(TMβCD), and hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HPβCD). Anomalous ultrasonic absorption found in the three systems was attributed to three relaxations in the DMβCD and HPβCD systems and two in the TMβCD system. These relaxations were assigned to hydrogen bond "wig-wagging", to CD cavity water exchange, and to bond rotation within the CD units. The 1:1 DMβCD/decyltrimethylammonium bromide system was also investigated ultrasonically in solution. Keywords: ultrasonic absorption, modified β-cyclodextrins, surfactant inclusion, relaxation frequency.

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Zhao, Shouping, Qi Zhang, Wendan Xiao, De Chen, and Xuezhu Ye. "Absorption of cadmium accompanied by EDTA varies according to tomato cultivar." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 11 (2019): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19130.

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Two tomato (Lycopersicum solanum) varieties, one high (YSL189) and one low (HZ903) cadmium (Cd) accumulator, were used in our experiment. We detected cadmium (Cd ion/Cd-EDTA) uptake rates in roots and the corresponding expression of the Cd transport genes IRT1, IRT2, ZIP, Nramp1, Nramp2 and Nramp3. Our data proved that both cultivars – YSL189 and HZ903 – showed higher Cd accumulation in plants and a higher Cd uptake rate in roots supplied with Cd ion than with Cd-EDTA. In roots of YSL189, the expression levels of IRT1, IRT2, ZIP, Nramp1, Nramp3 and Nramp2 (5, 10 and 20 µmolc L–1 Cd) treated with Cd ion were higher than those treated with Cd-EDTA, whereas in roots of HZ903, only two genes, IRT1 and Nramp1 (5, 10, 100 µmolc L–1 Cd), showed higher expression levels in plants treated with Cd ion than in those treated with Cd-EDTA. When the difference between the cultivars was considered, the Cd concentration in the plant and the Cd uptake rate in the roots of YSL189 were higher than those of YZ903 under the same Cd treatments (i.e. Cd ion or Cd-EDTA). The expression of IRT2 and ZIP in the roots of YSL189 was higher than that observed in HZ903 treated with all levels of ion-Cd. We attribute the higher Cd uptake rate and greater accumulation of ion-Cd compared with EDTA-Cd in YSL189 than those found in HZ903 partly to the genes that had higher expression levels. Our results indicate that the roles of transporters in the absorption of different forms of Cd vary according to plant genotype.

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de la Peña, Arsenio Muñoz, Rezik A. Agbaria, Montserrat Sánchez Peña, and Isiah M. Warner. "Spectroscopic Studies of the Interaction of 1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-Butadiene with α-, β-, and γ-Cyclodextrins." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 2 (February 1997): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971939983.

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Steady-state fluorescence, anisotropy, and UV-visible absorption measurements have been used to investigate the structure and spectroscopic characteristics of the complexes formed by trans, trans-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (DPB) with α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (CDs). The behavior of α-CD with DPB is very different from that of DPB with respect to β-CD or γ-CD. In the presence of α-CD, clear solutions with high absorption and fluorescence emission, relatively high anisotropy, a rapid equilibrium reaction, and Benesi–Hildebrand plots lead us to conclude that normal 2:1 inclusion compounds are formed. In the presence of γ-CD, turbid solutions, with absorption and fluorescence emission intensities lower than those in α-CD, higher values of anisotropy, slow equilibrium reaction, and spectral shifts to the red in the absorption, excitation, and emission wavelengths are evidence of the formation of extended linear aggregates. In the presence of β-CD, both mechanisms of inclusion appear to be present.

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Zhai, Qixiao, Fengwei Tian, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Arjan Narbad, and Wei Chen. "Oral Administration of Probiotics Inhibits Absorption of the Heavy Metal Cadmium by Protecting the Intestinal Barrier." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 14 (May 20, 2016): 4429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00695-16.

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ABSTRACTThe heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that causes adverse health effects in humans and animals. Our previous work demonstrated that oral administration of probiotics can significantly inhibit Cd absorption in the intestines of mice, but further evidence is needed to gain insights into the related protection mode. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether probiotics can inhibit Cd absorption through routes other than the Cd binding, with a focus on gut barrier protection. In thein vitroassay, both the intervention and therapy treatments ofLactobacillus plantarumCCFM8610 alleviated Cd-induced cytotoxicity in the human intestinal cell line HT-29 and protected the disruption of tight junctions in the cell monolayers. In a mouse model, probiotics with either good Cd-binding or antioxidative ability increased fecal Cd levels and decreased Cd accumulation in the tissue of Cd-exposed mice. Compared with the Cd-only group, cotreatment with probiotics also reversed the disruption of tight junctions, alleviated inflammation, and decreased the intestinal permeability of mice.L. plantarumCCFM8610, a strain with both good Cd binding and antioxidative abilities, exhibited significantly better protection than the other two strains. These results suggest that along with initial intestinal Cd sequestration, probiotics can inhibit Cd absorption by protecting the intestinal barrier, and the protection is related to the alleviation of Cd-induced oxidative stress. A probiotic with both good Cd-binding and antioxidative capacities can be used as a daily supplement for the prevention of oral Cd exposure.IMPORTANCEThe heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that causes adverse health effects in humans and animals. For the general population, food and drinking water are the main sources of Cd exposure due to the biomagnification of Cd within the food chain; therefore, the intestinal tract is the first organ that is susceptible to Cd contamination. Moreover, Cd exposure causes the disruption of the intestinal barrier and further induces the amplification of Cd absorption. The present study confirms that, along with initial intestinal Cd sequestration, oral administration of probiotics can inhibit Cd absorption by protecting the intestinal barrier. A probiotic with both good Cd-binding and antioxidative capacities can be used as a daily supplement for the prevention of oral Cd exposure.

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Moberg Wing, Anncatherine. "The effects of whole wheat, wheat bran and zinc in the diet on the absorption and accumulation of cadmium in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 69, no. 1 (January 1993): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19930022.

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The purpose of the present study was to determine if the inclusion of whole-grain wheat or wheat bran in the diet or the addition of Zn to the diet affects the absorption and accumulation of Cd. Five groups of six rats each were fed deionized water and one of five diets composed of one part basic diet and one part wheat crispbread for 6 weeks. The accumulation of Cd in the liver and kidneys was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and estimated by measuring the absorption and retention of 109Cd from a single meal after 3 weeks on the diets. The fractional accumulation of Cd in the liver and kidneys was lower in rats fed on whole-wheat and bran diets than in those fed on wheat-endosperm diets. As adding Zn or Cd to endosperm diets to approximate the bran and whole-wheat diet levels had no effect on the fractional Cd absorption, the reduced absorption from the whole-wheat and bran diets is probably not due to their higher Zn and Cd concentrations but may be due to their higher fibre or phytate concentrations. The amount of Cd concentrations.

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Elsenhans, B., GJ Strugala, and SG Schäfer. "Small-intestinal absorption of cadmium and the significance of mucosal metallothionein." Human & Experimental Toxicology 16, no. 8 (August 1997): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719701600803.

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1 Although food intake is among the most important routes of Cd exposure, not many details are known about the intestinal absorption mechanisms of Cd. In this respect Cd is representative of most other nonessential, merely toxic metals. 2 Based on a concept of two distinguishable steps, intestinal absorption of Cd is characterized by high accumulation within the intestinal mucosa and a low rate of diffusive transfer into the organism. 3 After uptake into the mammalian organism, Cd is sequestered into hepatic metallothionein (MT). It is assumed that hepatic Cd-MT then gradually redis tributes Cd to the kidney, which is the main target organ for chronic Cd toxicity. 4 When feeding low levels of dietary CdCl2, however, Cd accumulates preferentially in the kidney and to a lesser degree in the liver, a distribution pattern also found after intravenous and peroral administration of the Cd-MT complex itself. As dietary Cd induces intestinal MT, intestinal Cd-MT complexes could be at least partly responsible for the renal accumulation of dietary Cd. 5 For this mechanism, however, serosal release of mucosal Cd-MT is required. In fact, in vitro findings in rats reveal a concentration-dependent release of intestinal MT to the serosal side of the small intestine. These results indicate that endogenous intestinal MT may deliver Cd-MT to other inner organs, thus contributing to the preferential renal accumulation of ingested Cd.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Determination and evaluation of principal minerals in Negella sativa by atomic absorption technical methods." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2011): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.1.263-267.

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Determination and evaluation of principal minerals in Negella sativa by atomic absorption technical methods were showed, using wet ashing method. This work was done on Negella sativa because of wide using of this plant in many formulations ( in food or medicine ).two types of atomic absorptions were used : first, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, for minerals of high concentrations such as, Na, Mg, K, Fe, Ca, Li, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu. Second, flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy, for minerals of low concentrations such as, Al, Si, V, B, Pb, Co, Cd, Cr ,Si, Hg, Sn .The results showed the existence of many minerals in Negella sativa useful to human sanity with acceptable dietary allowance. On other side, the presence of harmful minerals to human sanity(Pb, Cd, Hg ) were negligible.

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Liu, Shuai, Ming Da Liu, Xu Wang, Yi Shi, and Xin Chen. "Absorption and Accumulation of Cadmium in Different Chinese Cabbage Cultivars." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.21.

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Cd accumulation characteristic of 8 Chinese cabbage cultivars was evaluated to screen Chinese cabbage cultivars with low-level Cd accumulation. The results showed that significant differences (P<0.05) in Cd content, bioaccumulation factors (BFs) and translocation factors (TFs) were found among the 8 cultivars Chinese Cabbages. The levels of Cd accumulation by Beijingxin3 and Dongbao were less than 0.5 mg · kg-1, and their BFs and TFs were lower than 1. This indicated that these two cultivars had the low-level Cd accumulation potential and could be recommended for cultivation in areas mildly polluted with Cd. Although the level of Cd accumulation by Qiumei also was less than 0.5 mg · kg-1, the TF was higher than 1. So, the Qiumei cultivar could be planted in the renovation process of contaminated soils.

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Chen, Su, Lei Chao, Li Na Sun, and Tie Heng Sun. "Impacts of Trace Elements Iron and Zinc on Phytoavailability of Heavy Metals Cadmium and Lead." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.504.

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In this paper, the soil simulation pot experiment was carried out to study the impacts of trace elements iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) on availability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The self-made Cd and Pb compound contaminated soil was taken as the test soil, and wheat was taken as the test plant. The results show that with the increase in Fe dosage, overground dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry weight of wheat gradually increase; the application of Zn reduces overground dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry weight of wheat. Meanwhile, wheat biomass under Cd and Pb combined pollution is smaller than that under single Cd pollution or single Pb pollution. The application of Fe fertilizer increases Cd absorption of various parts of wheat. In the single Cd pollution treatment, with the increase in Fe dosage, Cd concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of wheat will first be increased, then decreased; in Cd and Pb combined pollution treatment, with the increase in Fe, Cd concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of wheat will also be increased. The application of Fe promotes the Pb absorption of wheat. With the increase in Fe dosage, Pb concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of wheat will first be increased, then decreased slightly. Compared with Zn0, Cd concentrations of different parts of wheat after Zn1 and Zn2 treatment increase significantly. In addition, with the increase in Zn dosage, Cd concentrations of different parts of wheat will first increase, then decrease. Regardless of single Pb pollution treatment or Cd and Pb combined pollution treatment, Pb concentrations of different parts of wheat decrease as Zn dosage increases. Under different Fe and Zn levels, and when Cd and Pb coexist, Pb can promote Cd absorption of plant, but Cd inhibits Pb absorption of plant.

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Zhai, Yurun, Zhenjiang Chen, Kamran Malik, Xuekai Wei, and Chunjie Li. "Effect of Fungal Endophyte Epichloë bromicola Infection on Cd Tolerance in Wild Barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum)." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 4 (April 2, 2022): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8040366.

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Hydroponic Hordeum brevisubulatum (wild barley) was used as material in the greenhouse to study the effects of endophyte infection on plant growth, Cd absorption and transport, subcellular distribution, and Cd chemical forms under CdCl2 stress. Endophytic fungi respond positively to chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency under Cd stress. The order of Cd absorption in different parts of the plant was: roots > stems > leaves. Endophyte infection increased the plant’s absorption and transport of Cd while causing a significant difference in the stem, which was associated with the distribution density of endophyte hyphae. The proportion of organelle Cd in endophyte-infected wild barley was significantly higher, which facilitated more Cd transport to aboveground. Cd stress showed a slight effect on the chemical forms of Cd in leaves. The proportion of phosphate, oxalate, and residual Cd increased in the stem. Cd existed in the form of inorganic salt, organic acid, pectin, and protein in roots. Endophyte infection reduced the Cd content of the more toxic chemical forms to protect the normal progress of plant physiological functions. Therefore, the isolation of cell walls and vacuoles is a key mechanism for plant Cd tolerance and detoxification. As endophyte infections have more ability to absorb Cd in plants, H. brevisubulatum–Epichloë bromicola symbionts can improve heavy metal contaminated soil and water.

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Lind, Ylva, Joakim Engman, Lars Jorhem, and Anders Wicklund Glynn. "Accumulation of cadmium from wheat bran, sugar-beet fibre, carrots and cadmium chloride in the liver and kidneys of mice." British Journal of Nutrition 80, no. 2 (February 1998): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114598001123.

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The gastrointestinal absorption and organ distribution of Cd after exposure for 9 weeks to three fibre-rich foodstuffs (wheat bran, sugar-beet fibre and carrots) were determined in mice. Groups of eight mice were given a diet containing 0.05 mg Cd/kg from wheat bran, sugar-beet fibre, carrots or CdCl2 mixed in a semi-synthetic, low-Cd (<0.007mg/kg) feed. A control group was fed on the low-Cd semi-synthetic feed. The water consumption, food consumption and the weight of the animals were monitored throughout the study. The feed was changed once weekly and Cd was analysed in the feed at each change. myo-Inositol phosphates (hexa-, penta-, tetra- and tri-) and Zn, Cu, Fe and Ca were also analysed in the diets. After 9 weeks, the mice were killed and liver and kidneys were sampled and analysed for Cd. The group receiving the wheat-bran diet had significantly lower fractional Cd accumulation (% total Cd intake) in the liver and kidneys than the other groups, indicating a lower fractional absorption of Cd. The wheat-bran diet had markedly higher levels of inositol hexa- and pentaphosphates (phytates) and a Zn level that was twice as high as those in the other diets. The higher levels of myo-inositol hexa- and pentaphosphates in the wheat-bran diet most probably contributed more to the lower fractional absorption of Cd than the elevated Zn level, due to the formation of insoluble Cd–phytate complexes. Compared with the wheat-bran diet, the sugar-beet-fibre and carrot diets contained very low levels of myo-inositol penta- and hexaphosphates, and consequently the fractional Cd absorption from these diets was higher.

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Giancotti, Laura, Valentina Talarico, Giuseppe Antonio Mazza, Santina Marrazzo, Pietro Gangemi, Roberto Miniero, and Marco Bertini. "Feralgine™ a New Approach for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Celiac Patients." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (April 20, 2019): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040887.

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Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an immunologically-mediated disorder characterized by duodenal mucosa villi atrophy. Iron absorption is usually reduced in celiac patients making every kind of oral iron treatment unhelpful because of malasorption. Feralgine™ is a new product that has been demonstrated to be more bioavailable. As such, the aim of our study was to evaluate the absorption of Feralgine™ in adult patients with CD. Methods: Twenty-six adults affected by Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), of which 14 were also affected by CD and 12 were not affected by CD, were enrolled. An oral iron absorption test (OIAT) was performed in each patient by administrating Feralgine™, and serum iron was evaluated at baseline (T0) and after 2 h (T1) from the oral iron ingestion. Results: The OIAT was well tolerated in all patients, and, surprisingly, an equivalent statistically significant improvement in serum iron occurred in the two groups of patients (IDA plus CD: T0 = 28.21 µg/dL vs. T1 = 94.14 µg/dL p = 0.004 and IDA without CD: T0 = 34.91 µg/dL vs. T1 = 118.83 µg/dL, p = 0.0003). Conclusions: These results demonstrated the high absorption of Feralgine™ in celiac patients, confirming our previous data obtained with Ferrous Bysglicinate in children with CD.

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He, Fang, Qian Zhao, Yu-Jie Shi, Jun-Lin Li, Ting Wang, Tian-Tian Lin, Kuang-Ji Zhao, et al. "UVB-Pretreatment-Enhanced Cadmium Absorption and Enrichment in Poplar Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010052.

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The phenomenon of cross adaptation refers to the ability of plants to improve their resistance to other stress after experiencing one type of stress. However, there are limited reports on how ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) pretreatment affects the enrichment, transport, and tolerance of cadmium (Cd) in plants. Since an appropriate UVB pretreatment has been reported to change plant tolerance to stress, we hypothesized that this application could alter plant uptake and tolerance to heavy metals. In this study, a woody plant species, 84K poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa), was pretreated with UVB and then subjected to Cd treatment. The RT-qPCR results indicated that the UVB-treated plants could affect the expression of Cd uptake, transport, and detoxification-related genes in plants, and that the UVB-Pretreatment induced the ability of Cd absorption in plants, which significantly enriched Cd accumulation in several plant organs, especially in the leaves and roots. The above results showed that the UVB-Pretreatment further increased the toxicity of Cd to plants in UVB-Cd group, which was shown as increased leaf malonaldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, as well as downregulated activities of antioxidant enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Therefore, poplar plants in the UVB-Cd group presented a decreased photosynthesis and leaf chlorosis. In summary, the UVB treatment improved the Cd accumulation ability of poplar plants, which could provide some guidance for the potential application of forest trees in the phytoremediation of heavy metals in the future.

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Sortino, S., G. De Guidi, S. Fazio, S. Giuffrida, M. G. Salemi, and S. Monti. "On the absorption and emission properties of three new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-β-cyclodextrin host-guest inclusion complexes: differentiated sensitivity to the microenvironment upon light excitation." International Journal of Photoenergy 1, no. 1 (1999): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x99000045.

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The effects ofβ-cyclodextrin (β-CD) complexation on the absorption and emission properties of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs tolmetin (TM), diflunisal (DF), and fenbufen (FB) have been investigated. The absorption spectra of all these compounds are only slightly affected by the addition ofβ-CD. In contrast, the emission properties were markedly influenced by CD complexation and in a different manner for the three compounds due to a differentiated sensitivity of the excited drugs to the microenvironment. The complexes are all characterised by a 1: 1 stoichiometry and two different inclusion geometries for TM-β-CD complexes have been observed. Induced circular dichroism (icd) is observed due to the interaction of the compounds with the CD chiral cavity. The icd spectra are characterized by maxima well corresponding to those of the absorption spectra. A nonlinear analysis of the dependence of the icd signal magnitude on the CD concentration provided association constants valuesKass=1400±100M−1, and2600±150M−1for TM, DF, and FB respectively.

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Pustková, P., Z. Klika, J. Preclíková, and T. M. Grygar. "Enhanced fluorescence of selected cationic dyes adsorbed on reduced-charge montmorillonite." Clay Minerals 46, no. 1 (March 2011): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2011.046.1.93.

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AbstractThe aggregation of three cationic dyes (CD), crystal violet (CV), Nile blue (NB) and rhodamine B (RB) in aqueous solution was studied by visible absorption spectrophotometry and compared with methylene blue (MB). The distribution of the dye species (monomers, dimers, trimers, and tetramers) in aqueous solutions with different concentrations of dye was calculated using equilibrium stepwise aggregation constants Kn. These cationic dyes were intercalated into montmorillonite (SAz-1) and its reduced charge form (RC-SAz(210)) prepared by heating lithium montmorillonite (Li/SAz-1) at 210ºC. The fluorescence of fully saturated CD/SAz and low-CD loaded CD/RC-SAz(210) complexes was studied. Visible absorption spectra of CD aqueous solutions and visible absorption spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns (d001) of the CD/SAz and CD/RC-SAz( 210) solid complexes were obtained and evaluated. Large fluorescence intensities were found for CV/RC-SAz(210) and NB/RC-SAz(210) complexes in the same way as for the complex of methylene blue with reduced-charge montmorillonite MB/RCM(210) described previously.

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Bousquet, C. "Absorption profile of the 2288 AA Cd resonance line broadened by pressure effects of Cd and Kr: Cd-Cd and Cd-Kr interaction potentials." Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics 19, no. 23 (December 14, 1986): 3859–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3700/19/23/008.

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Park, Hyun, In-Young Ahn, Heeseon J. Choi, and Jung Youn Ji. "Isolation and spectral characterization of cadmium binding metallothionein." Antarctic Science 20, no. 1 (November 16, 2007): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102007000806.

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AbstractA cadmium (Cd)-binding protein was isolated and characterized from the Antarctic clamLaternula ellipticaafter experimental exposure to a high concentration of Cd. Cd-binding metallothioneins (MTs) in the cytosol were purified using a procedure based on gel permeation and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified MTs were recognized by MT antibodies in a Western blotting assay. MALDI-TOF MS analyses showed that the molecular mass of the purified MTs was 7.27 kDa, which is typical of MTs found in marine invertebrates. The Cd binding to MT, reflected by the redistribution of Cd ions, was monitored by spectrophotometry. The absorption spectra profiles indicated the presence of Cd-MT complexes, and a 4 nm red shift of the unresolved lowest energy-absorption band occurred when five equivalents of Cd (II) were incorporated.

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Talarico, Valentina, Laura Giancotti, Giuseppe Antonio Mazza, Roberto Miniero, and Marco Bertini. "Iron Deficiency Anemia in Celiac Disease." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051695.

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The iron absorption process developsmainly in the proximal duodenum. This portion of the intestine is typically destroyed in celiac disease (CD), resulting in a reduction in absorption of iron and subsequent iron deficiency anemia (IDA). In fact, the most frequent extra-intestinal manifestation (EIM) of CD is IDA, with a prevalence between 12 and 82% (in relation with the various reports) in patients with new CD diagnosis. The primary treatment of CD is the gluten-free diet (GFD), which is associated with adequate management of IDA, if present. Iron replacement treatment historically has been based on oral products containing ferrous sulphate (FS). However, the absorption of FS is limited in patients with active CD and unpredictable in patients on a GFD. Furthermore, a poor tolerability of this kind of ferrous is particularly frequent in patients with CD or with other inflammatory bowel diseases. Normalization from anemic state typically occurs after at least 6 months of GFD, but the process can take up to 2 years for iron stores to replenish.

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Hanwar, Dedi, Devi Eka Nitoviani, and Andi Suhendi. "Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method for Contamination Determination of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in Methanol Extract and Product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb." JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) 2, no. 3 (January 3, 2018): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v2i3.11968.

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The validity of atomic absorption spectrometry method for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) determination in methanol extract and product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza was unknown. The aim of this work is to determine the validity of atomic absorption spectrometry method for Pb and Cd determination in methanol extract and product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. Digestion process was done by wet digestion method and its results were read by atomic absorption spectrometry at a wavelength 217.0 nm for Pb and 228.8 nm for Cd. Validation results found % recovery of Pb and Cd respectively were 87.16% ± 0.38 (RSD 0.42) and 89.10% ± 0.06 (RSD 0.07) in methanol extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza, 92.62% ± 0.24 (RSD 0.26) and 100.16% ± 0.07 (RSD 0.07) in Curcuma xanthorrhiza product. Precision test found the RSD value for Pb in the methanol extract and product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza were 0.02 and 0.14 respectively, but the RSD value for Cd were not detected. The linearity test results of Pb and Cd standar solution were 0.9998 and 0.9979. The LOD for Pb and Cd were 0.4 ppm and 0.1 ppm, and the LOQ were 1.3 ppm and 0.5 ppm respectively. Based on the % recovery results, the method of Pb and Cd determination by atomic absorption spectrometry is valid for methanol extract and product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. The levels of Pb in extract and product of Curcuma xanthorrhiza were 2.10 ± 0.001 mg/kg and 4.34 ± 0.001 mg/kg respectively, but the levels of Cd in both samples did not detected.

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Bulman, Robert A., Ole Andersen, and Jesper B. Nielsen. "EFFECTS OF MACROMOLECULAR CHELATORS ON G.I. Cd ABSORPTION." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 59 (March 13, 2009): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1986.tb02817.x.

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Chattopadhyay, D., and P. C. Rakshit. "Intersubband absorption in (Hg, Cd)Te quantum wells." Solid State Communications 82, no. 2 (April 1992): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(92)90683-z.

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Guo, Tian Rong. "Microelement Absorption and Metals Accumulation in Barley Seedlings under the Combined Toxicity of Cadmium and Aluminum." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 1064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.1064.

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Hydroponic system was used to investigate the interaction between different levels of Cd and Al in barley seedlings. The results showed that stress exposure promoted Al or Cd accumulation in plants, leading to strongly inhibited growth. Concentration- and tissue-dependent responses to Al or Cd stress in barley leaves, stems, and roots were found in four nutrient concentrations. Thus, stress generally inhibited Mg, Zn, and Ca absorption, but increased Fe accumulation and Ca translocation from roots to aboveground parts. Binary metal combinations significantly increased Al levels in plant parts, and aggravated growth inhibition as well as nutrients absorption disorder caused by Al treatments, especially the combination of 90 µM Al+5 µM Cd. By contrast, combined treatments decreased Cd concentration in plants, and the combinations of 10 µM Cd+Al alleviated Cd-induced growth and metabolism anomaly.

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Yang, Jiyuan, Hui Sun, Jihong Qin, Xiaoqin Wang, and Wenqing Chen. "Impacts of Cd on Temporal Dynamics of Nutrient Distribution Pattern of Bletilla Striata, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Plant." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070594.

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Bletilla striata is an endangered medicinal plant the habitats of which are polluted by cadmium (Cd). Nutrient management is a potential way to mitigate Cd toxicity, providing reference for B. striata artificial cultivation. Pot experiments were undertaken to examine the effect of five levels of Cd concentration (control: 0.28 mg/kg; I: 0.37 mg/kg; II: 1.00 mg/kg; III: 7.39 mg/kg; IV: 54.6 mg/kg) on the temporal dynamics of nutrient allocation in B. striata components. The results showed that the content and accumulation of Cd increased significantly in all tissues of Bletilla striata as Cd concentration was increasing, and most accumulated in the roots and slightly transferred to the aboveground parts, while tubers were less likely to accumulate Cd. Excessive cadmium accumulation under long-term exposure reduced the biomass of all tissues of B. striata, and the yield was not significantly affected when cultivated in soil with a concentration of Cd ≤ 1 mg/kg. Potassium (K) was quickly transferred from the root to other tissues in response to the Cd stress. The absorption of zinc (Zn) increased at first and then decreased with increased Cd concentration. According to Pearson correlation analysis, a mechanism is suggested that Cd accumulation affects the absorption of nutrients but is positively and significantly correlated with translocation factor of K and Zn in the tuber. This may imply that B. striata tends to promote the absorption of nutrient elements to adapt to the Cd enrichment in tubers and to compensate for the interrupted mineral nutrition metabolism.

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House, W. A., J. J. Hart, W. A. Norvell, and R. M. Welch. "Cadmium absorption and retention by rats fed durum wheat (Triticum turgidumL. var.durum) grain." British Journal of Nutrition 89, no. 4 (April 2003): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002809.

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A whole-body radioassay procedure was used to assess the retention and apparent absorption by rats of Cd in kernels of durum wheat (Triticum turgidumL. var.durum) harvested from plants grown hydroponically in109Cd-labelled nutrient solution. Wholegrain wheat, containing 5 μmol Cd (570 μg)/kg dry weight labelled intrinsically with109Cd, was incorporated into test meals fed to rats that had been maintained on diets containing marginally adequate, adequate or surplus levels of Zn (0·12 mmol (8 mg), 0·43 mmol (28 mg) or 1·55 mmol (101 mg) Zn/kg respectively), and either 0 or 50 g durum wheat/kg. Regardless of diet, all rats consumed about 99 % of the test meal offered. In rats fed diets without wheat, initial Cd absorption averaged 7·7, 4·6 and 2·4 % of the dose when the diet contained 0·12 mmol (8 mg), 0·43 mmol (28 mg) or 1·55 mmol (101 mg) Zn/kg diet respectively. In rats fed wheat-containing diets, initial Cd absorption averaged 3·8 and 2·6 % of the dose when dietary Zn concentration was 0·12 mmol (8 mg) and 0·43 mmol (28 mg)/kg diet respectively. The amount of Cd retained in the body at 15 d postprandial was <2 % of the dose in all rats, and decreased as Zn in the diet increased. Even at 15 d postprandial, 32 to 44 % of the Cd retained in the body was still in the gastrointestinal tract. The results show that: (1) the bioavailability to rats of Cd in wholegrain durum wheat was depressed when wholegrain wheat was part of the regular diet; (2) increased intake of dietary Zn lowered Cd absorption and retention; (3) retention of Cd in the body at 15 d postprandial from diets containing adequate Zn was <1·3 %.

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Sun, Shuo, Xiaofang Zhou, Zhian Li, and Ping Zhuang. "In Vitro and In Vivo Testing to Determine Cd Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability in Contaminated Rice in Relation to Mouse Chow." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 10, 2019): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050871.

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A combination of an in vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and an in vivo mouse model was used to determine Cd oral bioaccessibility and estimate bioavailability in Cd-contaminated rice. The PBET found lower Cd bioaccessibility in the intestinal stage (40–50%) than in the gastric stage (93–98%) for both rice and mouse chow. No significant difference was found in Cd bioaccessibility between contaminated rice and Cd-amended mouse chow in the gastric or gastrointestinal phase (except for rice 1). The result of the in vivo bioassay revealed that Cd absorption in the kidney or liver of mice fed with contaminated rice were significantly higher than in the mouse chow group containing an equal Cd concentration. Correlation analysis between concentrations of different elements in mouse chow or rice and Cd concentrations in mice kidney or liver showed that Fe, Ca, Cu, and Zn had significant negative correlation (r2 > 0.7, p < 0.01). These results suggest that nutritional elements in the diet could affect Cd absorption and distribution in organs and that different food matrices may result in unequal Cd health risks at an equal Cd concentration due to the specific mineral content of food.

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Furune, Takahiro, Naoko Ikuta, Yoshiyuki Ishida, Hinako Okamoto, Daisuke Nakata, Keiji Terao, and Norihiro Sakamoto. "A study on the inhibitory mechanism for cholesterol absorption by α-cyclodextrin administration." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (December 2, 2014): 2827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.300.

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Background: Micelle formation of cholesterol with lecithin and bile salts is a key process for intestinal absorption of lipids. Some dietary fibers commonly used to reduce the lipid content in the body are thought to inhibit lipid absorption by binding to bile salts and decreasing the lipid solubility. Amongst these, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) is reportedly one of the most powerful dietary fibers for decreasing blood cholesterol. However, it is difficult to believe that α-CD directly removes cholesterol because it has a very low affinity for cholesterol and its mechanism of action is less well understood than those of other dietary fibers. To identify this mechanism, we investigated the interaction of α-CD with lecithin and bile salts, which are essential components for the dissolution of cholesterol in the small intestine, and the effect of α-CD on micellar solubility of cholesterol. Results: α-CD was added to Fed-State Simulated Intestinal Fluid (FeSSIF), and precipitation of a white solid was observed. Analytical data showed that the precipitate was a lecithin and α-CD complex with a molar ratio of 1:4 or 1:5. The micellar solubility of cholesterol in the mixture of FeSSIF and α-CD was investigated, and found to decrease through lecithin precipitation caused by the addition of α-CD, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, each of several other water-soluble dietary fibers was added to the FeSSIF, and no precipitate was generated. Conclusion: This study suggests that α-CD decreases the micellar solubility of cholesterol in the lumen of the small intestine via the precipitation of lecithin from bile salt micelles by complex formation with α-CD. It further indicates that the lecithin precipitation effect on the bile salt micelles by α-CD addition clearly differs from addition of other water-soluble dietary fibers. The decrease in micellar cholesterol solubility in the FeSSIF was the strongest with α-CD addition.

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Yao, Wei-Qing, Yong-Kang Lei, Ping Yang, Qu-Sheng Li, Li-Li Wang, Bao-Yan He, Zhi-Min Xu, Chu Zhou, and Han-Jie Ye. "Exogenous Glycinebetaine Promotes Soil Cadmium Uptake by Edible Amaranth Grown during Subtropical Hot Season." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (August 21, 2018): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091794.

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Exogenous glycinebetaine treatment is an effective measure for preventing crops from being exposed to drought and high temperature; however, the effects of this approach on the soil Cd uptake and accumulation by crops remain unclear. Pot experiments were conducted in this study to analyze the effect of glycinebetaine on the soil Cd uptake and accumulation by edible amaranth cultivated in Cd-contaminated soil. Results revealed that after exogenous glycinebetaine treatment on amaranth leaves during the vigorous growth period, the plant biomass, the Cd concentrations in the roots and shoots, and the Cd translocation factor (TF) were significantly higher than those of the control group. The highest Cd concentrations in the roots and shoots and the TF were higher by 91%, 96% and 23.8%, respectively, than the corresponding values in the control group. In addition, exogenous glycinebetaine treatment significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content and promoted the photosynthesis of edible amaranth. Consequently, the contents of soluble sugar, dissolved organic carbon, and low-molecular-weight organic acids significantly increased in the rhizosphere, resulting in Cd mobilization. Significant positive correlations were observed among the contents of leaf chlorophyll, Mg, Fe, pectin and Ca. Given that Cd shares absorption and translocation channels with these elements, we speculated that the increased leaf chlorophyll and pectin contents promoted the absorption and accumulation of Mg, Fe and Ca, which further promoted the absorption and translocation of Cd. These results indicated that exogenous glycinebetaine treatment during hot season would aggravate the health risks of crops grown in Cd-contaminated soils.

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Moberg, Anncatherine, Göran Hallmans, Rolf Sjöström, and Kenneth R. Wing. "The effect of wheat bran on the absorption and accumulation of cadmium in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 58, no. 3 (November 1987): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19870107.

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1. The major purpose of the present study was to determine whether the addition of wheat bran to endosperm crisp bread in a composite diet given to rats for 6 weeks causes an increase in the accumulation of cadmium in the rats due to the Cd content in the bran, or whether binding factors in the bran, such as dietary fibre and phytic acid, reduce or prevent the accumulation of this Cd. A second purpose was to determine whether the accumulation of Cd can be estimated by measuring the absorption of 199Cd given in a single meal of the diet.2. Three groups of eight rats were fed on one of three diets. Half of each diet consisted of a basal mixture of starch, protein, oil, minerals and vitamins. The remainder consisted of crisp breads based on refined wheat flour (endosperm group), wheat flour + bran in equal amounts (bran group) and wheat flour + Cd to give a Cd content similar to that of the bran group (endosperm + Cd group). After 41 d on the diets, the rats were deprived of food but not water for 12 h and then given a 5 g test meal of their respective diets with 109Cd added. After 3 h the remaining 109Cd-labelled diets were replaced with the unlabelled diets for 3 h before the rats were killed.3. The total Cd contents in the wall of the proximal small intestine, including mucus, and in the liver and kidneys were highest in the endosperm + Cd group and lowest in the endosperm group. The amounts of Cd in the intestinal wall, including mucus, and in the liver and kidneys which derived from the test meal (calculated from 109Cd accumulation) were significantly higher in the endosperm + Cd group than in either of the other two groups. The concentration of Cd in the organs of the bran group which derived from the test meal was not significantly greater than that in the endosperm group.4. The individual variation in Cd content in the liver and kidneys make it very difficult to demonstrate differences in Cd accumulation from the relatively low, naturally occurring Cd concentrations in the diets. Differences in the absorption of 109Cd from test meals indicate that very little of the Cd in bran is available for absorption.

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Wu, Yi, Jian Cheng Huang, You Chao Cui, and Shu Kai Zheng. "First-Principles Study on Optical Properties of Cd-Doped Single-Walled (8, 0) ZnO Nanotube." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.27.

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The band structures, density of states, and absorption spectra of pure and Cd doped single-walled (8, 0) ZnO nanotubes are calculated using first-principles based on density functional theory. The calculation results show that the import of Cd leads a remarkable decrease to the forbidden bandwidth of ZnO. Consequently, more electrons in the valence band can be motivated to the conduction band by the visible light, which results in a further enhancement of visible light absorption and a wider absorption range.

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Li, Ge-Zi, Shi-Juan Chen, Na-Ying Li, Ying-Ying Wang, and Guo-Zhang Kang. "Exogenous Glutathione Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat by Influencing the Absorption and Translocation of Cadmium." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 107, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03283-8.

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AbstractCadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, is harmful to plants and human health. Glutathione (GSH) could alleviate Cd toxicity of plant species, whereas its mechanism responsible for wheat remains poorly understood. Here, we found that exogenous GSH application significantly increased the fresh and dry weight, root elongation, chlorophyll contents, while decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and GSH, and translocation factor of Cd compared with Cd treatment. Moreover, GSH application significantly increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and expression of related genes, which involved in GSH synthesis, especially in roots. In addition, we found that GSH application suppressed Cd-induced expression of metal transporter genes TaNramp1, TaNramp5, TaHMA2, TaHMA3, TaLCT1 and TaIRT2 in roots. Taken together, our results suggested that GSH could alleviate Cd toxicity in wheat by increasing GSH synthesis gene expression or suppressing Cd transporter genes expression, and further affecting Cd uptake and translocation in wheat plants.

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Ren, Yan Jun, and Jian Jun Ma. "The Ecological Effects of Humic Acid Fertilizer on the Spring Wheat under Cadmium Stress." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 1204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1204.

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Using spring wheat as tested materials, by pot experiments and three fertilization modes (seed soaking mode, irrigated fertilization mode and mixed using mode), the effects of sodium humate on the wheat seedlings growth and mineral elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) absorption were studied. The results indicated that, all three modes showed obviously resistance performance to Cd stress, promoted the wheat seedlings growth and the dry matter accumulation, and the third mode had the best effects. In the background soil, sodium humate treatments could obviously inhibit the Cd elements absorption; promote the mineral elements absorption and accumulation. Along with the Cd stress degree aggravateing, the inhibition effects reduced. At the same time, different fertilization modes had different effects on mineral elements absorption and accumulation. The research also puts forward that humic acid fertilizer is an ecological fertilizer and soil conditioner with alleviate heavy metals pollution and enhance plant stress resistance function.

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Li, Yu, Chong Meng, Meng Wang, Bing Chuan Cheng, and Chang Zhi Zhou. "Regulation of the Absorption of Cu with Various of Pollutants in Sediment through Fractional Factorial Design." Advanced Materials Research 742 (August 2013): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.742.363.

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The resolution IV fractional factorial design was used to study the adsorption regularity of Cu coexisted with various pollutions (Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, atrazine, malathine, et al.) onto the sediment. The study found that the main effect and the second-order interaction effect of ten pollutions concentration had significant influence on the adsorption of Cu on the sediment. The concentration of Cu was the critical factor to the promotion of the absorption capacity of Cu in sediment, the second-order effect played the critical role in restraining the absorption of Cu. The main effect of Cd, and the second-order interaction effect include Cd, had greatly inhibited the absorption of Cu in sediment, and the contribution was over 30%, which meant there was prominent antagonism between Cu and Cd. Fractional factorial design can provide a theoretical basis for the reveal of the adsorption mechanism between the different contaminants in the water environment pollution.

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Shi, Hongzhou, Yangmei Wang, Hong Chen, Fuxiang Deng, Yongan Liu, and Guoxing Cao. "Changes in Metal Distribution, Vegetative Growth, Reactive Oxygen and Nutrient Absorption of Tagetes patula under Soil Cadmium Stress." Horticulturae 8, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010069.

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Phytoremediation with hyperaccumulator plants has been recognized as a potential way for the clearing of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil. In this study, hyperaccumulator Tagetes patula was treated with seven concentrations of Cd, ranging from 0 to 300 mg kg−1. The Cd enrichment and nutrient contents in different organs during different growth phases were investigated. Under Cd concentrations ≤75 mg kg-1, the morphological growth of T. patula did not change significantly regardless of growth stage. However, when Cd concentration exceeded 150 mg kg−1, the morphological growth was remarkedly inhibited. The root/shoot ratio remained unchanged except for at 300 mg kg−1. In addition, Cd negatively influenced the flowering process at the concentration of 300 mg kg−1. Cd content increased significantly in Cd-treated plants. Nitrogen absorption was increased under Cd treatments, and phosphorus content was also increased under concentration ≤150 mg·kg−1. However, the potassium content in the flower was decreased under 300 mg kg−1. Furthermore, the contents of H2O2, O2− and malondialdehyde were increased during the seedling phase, especially when Cd concentration was ≥150 mg kg−1. In summary, T. patula showed a strong ability to tolerate Cd, and such ability might be explained by nutrient absorption and reactive oxygen clearness.

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NOSAKA, YOSHIO, HARUO SHIGENO, and TOMOMI IKEUCHI. "FORMATION STEPS OF CdS CLUSTERS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING 2-MERCAPTOETHANOL." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 01 (February 1996): 1209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96002187.

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Growing steps of CdS clusters in aqueous solution containing HOCH 2CH2 SH (2-mercaptoethanol, RSH) was investigated by means of stopped flow optical spectroscopy and proton NMR spectroscopy. When the amount of RS − was 4 times larger than Cd 2+ ions at alkaline pH, the growing cluster showed the change in the absorption peak via 242, 260, 280, 308, and 315 nm. Initial three peaks were assigned to [ Cd 1( SR )4]2−, [ S 1 Cd 4(SR)12]6−, and [ S 1 Cd 8( SR )16]2−, respectively. Among them, the cluster at 280 nm was very stable, comparable with the reported thiophenolate cluster [ S 1 Cd 8( SPh )16]2−. The relationship between the size and the absorption maximum for ultrasmall CdS particles reported was continuous to that obtained for the clusters in the present study.

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Zheng, Wei, Yu Li Wu, Yen Ting Chen, Zhe Chuan Feng, Jyh Fu Lee, P. Becla, and Rui Sheng Zheng. "Determination of Bond Lengths and Electronic Structure of Cd_1-xZn_xTe Ternary Alloys by Synchrotron Radiation." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.56.

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High-resolution synchrotron radiation x-ray absorption spectroscopy on Zn K-, Cd L3- and Te L3-edges for Cd1-xZnxTe ternary alloys with x = 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 and 0.90 are presented. A detailed analysis of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure using the IFEFFIT program, and the chemical bonds of Zn-Te are obtained, suggesting distortion of the Te sub-lattice. The x-ray absorption near-edge structure of the Zn K-, Cd L3- and Te L3-edge are investigated, and the electronic structures of Cd1-xZnxTe with various compositions are studied.

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Cortez-Valadez, M., L. P. Ramírez-Rodríguez, J. G. Bocarando-Chacon, M. Flores-Acosta, S. Velumani, and R. Ramírez-Bon. "Low Wavenumber Raman Modes and Plasmon Resonance in Cd Nanoparticles Obtained in Extract of Opuntia Ficus-Indica Plant." Nano 10, no. 07 (October 2015): 1550100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292015501003.

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Cadmium colloidal crystalline nanoparticles were obtained by a simple green synthesis method employing the plant extract of Opuntia ficus-indica. The plant extract reduces the Cd ions and stabilizes the size of cadmium colloidal particles at the nanometric level. The size and morphology of agglomerates of nanoparticles of about 100 nm were analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The size, shape and crystalline structure of the Cd nanoparticles were determined from TEM analysis. The results show that Cd nanoparticles with hexagonal crystalline structure and average size 2–3 nm were obtained by this green synthesis method. The optical absorption spectrum of the colloidal solution containing the cadmium nanoparticles displays an optical absorption band centered at 236 nm, which was attributed to the plasmon resonance of the Cd colloidal nanoparticles. Mie theory for colloidal systems was applied to reproduce theoretically the plasmon resonance absorption data of the Cd colloidal nanoparticles. Furthermore, the Raman spectrum of powder from dried samples after reduction of cadmium ions, displays a low wavenumber vibration mode centered at 114 cm-1, assigned to the Cd nanoparticles. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at local spin density approximation (LSDA) level were performed to determine the structure and vibrational properties of small clusters of cadmium consisting of 3–10 atoms. Radial breathing modes with frequencies between 90 cm-1 and 120 cm-1 were found to be the most active Raman modes of the low-energy Cd n clusters.

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Weili, Wang, Peng Songshi, Xing Qijiang, and Xu Xueyun. "Nonlinear absorption in Cd x Hg 1- x Te." Chinese Physics Letters 3, no. 3 (March 1986): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/3/3/012.

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Waterlot, Christophe, Aurélie Pelfrêne, and Francis Douay. "Application of the high-speed self-reversal background corrector to the determination of cadmium by chemical vapor generation atomic absorption spectrometry." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 90, no. 10 (October 2012): 874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v2012-082.

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Concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in extracting solutions (neutral salts) from contaminated soils are often too low to be determined by conventional flame atomic absorption spectrometry. For this reason, determination of Cd requires sensitive analytical methods free from interference problems generated by samples. In this context, vapor generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) was combined with a high-speed self-reversal background corrector. This new approach was successfully applied after optimization of the analytical parameters to obtain a maximal absorbance signal of the volatile Cd species. The optimum condition was achieved with a 3% (m/v) NaBH4 in 1.5% (m/v) NaOH reducing solution and a solution containing 0.3 mol/L HNO3. The detection limit was 1 ng mL–1 under the previous conditions and the relative standard deviation was up to 5% for 10 replicate analyses of Cd at 0.2 and 1 ng mL–1, reflecting a very highly sensitive and reproducible method. Moreover, the results showed that the proposed combination was an efficient method to overcome the interference problems caused by different coexisting cations, As, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn, up to 10 µg mL–1. The method was validated with analyses of two standard reference materials and was used for Cd determination in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 extracts from contaminated kitchen garden soils. The data were compared with those obtained by two other more conventional methods, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The analytical results obtained by the ETAAS and HGAAS were in a good agreement, suggesting the suitability of the method for Cd determination in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 extracting solution.

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Agustina, A. T., M. P. Primadi, H. Randhanugraha, K. Khotimah, and I. Luriyani. "Analysis of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in Whitening Creams using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry and Environment 2, no. 2 (January 24, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ijce.v2i2.38187.

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This research aims to determine the concentration of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) metals contained in face whitening creams that are sold in store around Sleman, Yogyakarta. The analysis concentration of Pb and Cd levels in those whitening creams carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) at Chemistry laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. We used 5 different face whitening cream samples (here after indicated by sample A, B, C, D, E) that taken randomly with the range price of thousand rupiahs. The results of analysis showed that in the sample A contains of -0.729 ppm Pb and 1,199 ppm Cd; sample B covers 0,017 ppm Pb and 1,274 ppm Cd; in the sample C consists of 1,082 ppm Pb and 1,254 ppm Cd; in the sample D contains a total of 1.242 ppm Pb and 1.215 ppm Cd; and in the sample E consists of -0.409 Pb and 1.232 ppm Cd. The results of this research are useful as the bases of their heavy metal concentrations, thus the possibilities of counterfeiting of the products ingredients can be avoided. An effort should be made in order to tell the customers about the harmful effects of over consumption of the face whitening cream with heavy metal acumulations in the body.

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Wang, Hao, Wenyi Chen, Narcisse Sinumvayabo, Yunfei Li, Zixuan Han, Jing Tian, Qin Ma, et al. "Phosphorus deficiency induces root proliferation and Cd absorption but inhibits Cd tolerance and Cd translocation in roots of Populus × euramericana." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 204 (November 2020): 111148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111148.

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Yousuf, Sameena, and Israel V. Muthu Vijayan Enoch. "Binding of the Bi (III) Complex of Naringin with β-Cyclodextrin/Calf Thymus DNA: Absorption and Fluorescence Characteristics." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2014 (June 5, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/562160.

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Naringin-Bi (III) complex (Narb) was prepared and analysed by UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence measurements. The inclusion complex of Narb with β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) was characterized by the UV-Visible absorption, Infrared, scanning dlectron microscopic, and X-ray diffractometric techniques. The stoichiometry of the inclusion complex of Narb with β-CD was 1 : 1 with a binding constant of 5.18 × 102 mol−1 dm3. The interaction of Narb with Calf Thymus DNA (ctDNA) was investigated in the presence and the absence of β-CD. The binding constants for the interaction of Narb with ctDNA in the absence and the presence of β-CD were 1.29 × 105 mol−1 dm3 and 6.89 × 104 mol−1 dm3, respectively. The Stern-Volmer constants for the interaction of Narb with ctDNA in the absence and the presence of β-CD were 1.25 × 104 mol−1 dm3 and 5.10 × 103 mol−1 dm3, respectively. The lowering of the binding affinity and the Ksv were observed for the interaction of Narb with ctDNA in the presence of β-CD.

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Jezler, Caroline Nery, Pedro Antônio Oliveira Mangabeira, Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida, Raildo Mota de Jesus, Rosilene Aparecida de Oliveira, Delmira da Costa Silva, and Larissa Correa do Bomfim Costa. "Pb and Cd on growth, leaf ultrastructure and essential oil yield mint (Mentha arvensis L.)." Ciência Rural 45, no. 3 (March 2015): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20130966.

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Contamination of medicinal plants with heavy metals as Pb and Cd can affect the growth and the essential oil production of the plants and represent a risk to those who consume as medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of absorption and localization of Pb and Cd on growth, ultrastructural aspects of leaves and essential oil yield and composition of Mentha arvensis, applied on the soil with increasing concentrations (8, 16, 32, 64 and 128mg kg-1). There was a differential absorption of Pb and Cd by M. arvensis mainly concentrated in the roots. Pb was found in small amounts in the leaves while Cd largely exceeded the safety limit without symptoms of toxicity. The ultrastructural analysis revealed the metal accumulation on vesicles surrounding the mitochondria and the presence of electron dense deposits surrounding the mitochondria, nucleus and chloroplasts. Little changes caused by Pb and Cd application were not enough to affect the growth and essential oil yield and composition of M. arvensis

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Nguyen Kim, Dong, Trang Pham Huyen, Ba Nguyen Van, Thao Ha Phuong, Kien Hao Vo Thi, and Tuong Vi Le Nguyen. "Validation of methods for determination of lead and cadmium content in butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea) in the Cai Rang district, Can Tho city by atomic absorption Spectrophotometer AAS." Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 5, no. 3 (September 24, 2022): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.3963.

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The content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) was determined in butterfly pea flower samples by atomic absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Method validation was evaluated through of parameters such as linear range, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantitation (LOQ), recovery, repeatability, and intermediate precision. The validation results showed that the LOD of Cd, Pb were 1.20 and 6.20 μg/kg, respectively, while the LOQ of Cd and Pb were 4.01 and 20.5 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery of Cd is 96 - 98% and Pb is 98 - 100%. The relative repeat standard deviation (RSDr) of Cd, Pb is in the range of 1.50 - 2.50% and 1.90 - 2.13%, respectively. Meanwhile, the intermediate precision of Cd, Pb is 2.02% and 1.97%, respectively. The working range of the method is 0.2 - 4 μg/L (Cd) and 3 - 30 μg/L (Pb) with the standard curve equations having the correlation coefficient R2 ≥ 0.995. The quantitative method of Cd, Pb by atomic absorption Spectrophotometer is accurate and highly reliable, used to analyze butterfly pea flower samples collected in Cai Rang district, Can Tho city.  

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Ritchey, Adam M. "High-velocity interstellar absorption associated with the supernova remnant W28." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, no. 3 (May 18, 2020): 2909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1375.

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ABSTRACT We present an analysis of moderately high-resolution optical spectra obtained for the sightline to CD−23 13777, an O9 supergiant that probes high-velocity interstellar gas associated with the supernova remnant W28. Absorption components at both high positive and high negative velocity are seen in the interstellar Na i D and Ca ii H and K lines towards CD−23 13777. The high-velocity components exhibit low Na i/Ca ii ratios, suggesting efficient grain destruction by shock sputtering. High column densities of CH+, and high CH+/CH ratios, for the components seen at lower velocity may be indicative of enhanced turbulence in the clouds interacting with W28. The highest positive and negative velocities of the components seen in Na i and Ca ii absorption towards CD−23 13777 imply that the velocity of the blast wave associated with W28 is at least 150 km s−1, a value that is significantly higher than most previous estimates. The line of sight to CD−23 13777 passes very close to a well-known site of interaction between the supernova remnant and a molecular cloud to the north-east. The north-east molecular cloud exhibits broad molecular line emission, OH maser emission from numerous locations, and bright extended GeV and TeV γ-ray emission. The sightline to CD−23 13777 is thus a unique and valuable probe of the interaction between W28 and dense molecular gas in its environs. Future observations at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths will help to better constrain the abundances, kinematics, and physical conditions in the shocked and quiescent gas along this line of sight.

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Orlowski, Czeslaw, and Jerzy K. Piotrowski. "Biological levels of cadmium and zinc in the small intestine of non-occupationally exposed human subjects." Human & Experimental Toxicology 22, no. 2 (February 2003): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327103ht326oa.

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The objective of this study was to estimate the relationships between cadmium (Cd) levels in the small intestine and other organs (kidney, liver, lungs) and factors influencing the intestinal Cd levels in humans, as based on autopsy analysis of subjects not exposed to Cd occupationally. The study also involved estimating the levels of zinc (Zn) in these organs, as it is known that this element exerts interactions with Cd at the level of absorption and tissue binding. The levels of Cd and Zn were determined in the renal cortex, liver, lungs and three fragments of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) of 29 subjects deceased at the age 42± 13 years. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS; kidneys, liver) and flameless AAS (lungs, intestine) were used. The level of Cd in the lungs was used as a marker of smoking habit. The determined levels (mean± SD) were: 0.28± 0.16 mg Cd/g and 15.2± 3.4 mg Zn/g in the duodenum; 0.26± 0.15 mg Cd/g and 16.9± 3.7 mg Zn/g in the jejunum; 0.13± 0.07 mg Cd/g and 14.6± 5.4 mg Zn/g in the ileum. Intestinal Cd levels are correlated with organ and total body Cd, and this was best expressed for Cd in ileum (r=0.67 with renal, r=0.71 with hepatic and r=0.68 with total Cd). In conclusions, the levels of Cd in the small intestine of humans are relatively low and reflect predominantly the whole body retention of this element. Somewhat higher levels of Cd are contained in the initial parts of the small intestines. In all fragments of small intestines the levels of Cd are higher in smokers. Also, the levels of Zn were relatively low and did not correlate with the levels of Cd.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cd absorption'

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