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1
Juliusson, G., R. Lenkei, and J. Liliemark. "Flow cytometry of blood and bone marrow cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia: phenotype of hairy cells and lymphocyte subsets after treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine." Blood 83, no. 12 (June 15, 1994): 3672–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v83.12.3672.3672.
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Abstract By flow cytometry and an extensive set of markers, we characterized leukemic cells from the blood and bone marrow of 68 symptomatic patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Hairy cells identified in the large cell gate always expressed CD19, CD20, HLA-DR, CD45RA, and B-ly 7. Other markers were occasionally expressed, such as CD38, CD45RO, CD23, CD15, CD4, CD5, and CD10 (expressed on more than 20% of the hairy cells in 44%, 25%, 21%, 18%, 12%, 10%, and 5% of evaluated cases, respectively). During treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA), the median lymphocyte counts decreased from 2,000/microL to 300/microL. Flow cytometry was repeated at the nadir (n = 24) of lymphocyte counts, at 3 months (n = 46), at 6 months (n = 50), at 1 year (n = 39), and at 2 years (n = 12) after treatment. The initial decrease of CD8+ and CD20+ cells was greater than that of CD4+ and natural killer (NK) cells, leading to an increasing CD4/CD8 ratio. Median nadir values of CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, and NK cells were 128/microL, 78/microL, 10/microL, and 13/microL, respectively. The subsequent recovery was quicker for CD8+ and NK cells, leading to a normalization within 3 months, whereas CD20+ and CD4+ cells required 1 or 2 years to enter the normal range. The CD4/CD8 ratio thus decreased after the nadir and remained less than 1. CD45RA+ CD4 cells and CD45RA+/CD45RO+ double-positive cells were less affected by CdA. Activated T cells, ie, HLA-DR+ cells, rarely decreased below the normal range and often recovered with an overshoot. CD10+ cells increased in the bone marrow posttreatment as an indication of normal B-cell regeneration in 16 of 36 (44%) patients. The quick regeneration of certain lymphoid subsets might explain the lack of late infections in CdA-treated HCL patients.
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Juliusson, G., R. Lenkei, and J. Liliemark. "Flow cytometry of blood and bone marrow cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia: phenotype of hairy cells and lymphocyte subsets after treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine." Blood 83, no. 12 (June 15, 1994): 3672–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v83.12.3672.bloodjournal83123672.
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By flow cytometry and an extensive set of markers, we characterized leukemic cells from the blood and bone marrow of 68 symptomatic patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Hairy cells identified in the large cell gate always expressed CD19, CD20, HLA-DR, CD45RA, and B-ly 7. Other markers were occasionally expressed, such as CD38, CD45RO, CD23, CD15, CD4, CD5, and CD10 (expressed on more than 20% of the hairy cells in 44%, 25%, 21%, 18%, 12%, 10%, and 5% of evaluated cases, respectively). During treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA), the median lymphocyte counts decreased from 2,000/microL to 300/microL. Flow cytometry was repeated at the nadir (n = 24) of lymphocyte counts, at 3 months (n = 46), at 6 months (n = 50), at 1 year (n = 39), and at 2 years (n = 12) after treatment. The initial decrease of CD8+ and CD20+ cells was greater than that of CD4+ and natural killer (NK) cells, leading to an increasing CD4/CD8 ratio. Median nadir values of CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, and NK cells were 128/microL, 78/microL, 10/microL, and 13/microL, respectively. The subsequent recovery was quicker for CD8+ and NK cells, leading to a normalization within 3 months, whereas CD20+ and CD4+ cells required 1 or 2 years to enter the normal range. The CD4/CD8 ratio thus decreased after the nadir and remained less than 1. CD45RA+ CD4 cells and CD45RA+/CD45RO+ double-positive cells were less affected by CdA. Activated T cells, ie, HLA-DR+ cells, rarely decreased below the normal range and often recovered with an overshoot. CD10+ cells increased in the bone marrow posttreatment as an indication of normal B-cell regeneration in 16 of 36 (44%) patients. The quick regeneration of certain lymphoid subsets might explain the lack of late infections in CdA-treated HCL patients.
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Chatila, T. A., and R. S. Geha. "Phosphorylation of T cell membrane proteins by activators of protein kinase C." Journal of Immunology 140, no. 12 (June 15, 1988): 4308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.140.12.4308.
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Abstract Activation of the enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in T cell activation. We investigated the phosphorylation of CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD28 (Tp44), CD43 (sialophorin, gp115), and LFA-1 after incubation of human PBMC with the (PKC) activator PMA. These proteins were chosen for their role in transmembrane signal transduction (CD2, CD3, CD5, CD28, CD43), cell-cell interaction and adhesion (CD2, CD4, CD8, and LFA-1), or involvement in immunodeficiency states (CD43, CD7). CD5, CD7, CD43, and the alpha-chain of LFA-1 were found to be constitutively phosphorylated. PMA induced rapid hyperphosphorylation of CD5, CD7, and CD43, but not of the LFA-1 alpha-chain, and induced the phosphorylation of CD3, CD4, CD8 and of the LFA-1 beta-chain. PMA did not cause the phosphorylation of CD2 and CD28. PMA-induced phosphorylation was partially inhibited by the PKC inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride. Finally, the T cell activator Con A, which binds to the CD3/TCR complex was shown to induce a profile of protein phosphorylation similar to that observed with PMA. We conclude that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of T cell Ag may represent an important regulatory mechanism that governs the process of T cell activation.
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Raimondi, SC, FG Behm, PK Roberson, CH Pui, GK Rivera, SB Murphy, and DL Williams. "Cytogenetics of childhood T-cell leukemia." Blood 72, no. 5 (November 1, 1988): 1560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v72.5.1560.1560.
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Abstract The karyotypes of 57 cases of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were analyzed to establish the cytogenetic profile in this disease. Three questions were of particular interest. Do the chromosomal changes in T-cell ALL preferentially affect bands where genes encoding the T-cell receptor for antigen (TCR) have been mapped? Do alterations involving the TCR gene regions appear with any notable frequency in B-progenitor ALL? Do chromosomal abnormalities in this disease relate to stage of T-cell ontogeny? A relatively high proportion of cases (65%) had a pseudodiploid karyotype at presentation, the majority (58%) characterized by a translocation. The overall frequency of translocations was 44%, comparable to that among all banded cases of ALL seen in our laboratory. Hypodiploidy and hyperdiploidy were exceedingly rare (only four of 57 cases); 16 cases (28%) had apparently normal karyotypes. In half the cases with a translocation (14 of 24), the breakpoints were in regions to which the alpha and beta chain TCR genes have been mapped. Chromosomal breakpoints that were consistently observed in the vicinity of TCR gene loci were 7q32-q36 (TCR beta chain; n = 8), 14q11-q13 (TCR alpha chain; n = 6); other frequent breakpoints were 9p13-pter (n = 8) and 6q15-qter (n = 9). Chromosomal alterations occurred near TCR gene loci significantly more often in T-cell cases than in a comparison group of 335 patients with B-cell precursor ALL (26% v 1.5%, P = .0001). Stage I thymocyte development (CD7+, CD2+, CD5+, CD1-, CD3-, CD4-, CD8-) was noted in 23 cases, stage II (CD7+, CD2+, CD5+, CD1+, CD3-, CD4 +/-, CD8 +/-) in 25 cases, and stage III (CD9+, CD2+, CD1-, CD5+, CD3+, and either CD4+ or CD8+) in nine cases. The only statistically significant associations between cytogenetic findings and T-cell ontogeny were a higher frequency of normal karyotypes in cases with stage I thymocytes, and of pseudodiploidy in stage II cases. There was no apparent relationship between particular translocations and level of thymocyte maturation. Our findings indicate that most children with T-cell ALL have pseudodiploid karyotypes, although a surprisingly high percentage lack demonstrable abnormal clones. Specific chromosomal changes do not appear to be related to discrete stages of T-cell ontogeny as defined in this study, but they occur preferentially in bands containing TCR genes.
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Raimondi, SC, FG Behm, PK Roberson, CH Pui, GK Rivera, SB Murphy, and DL Williams. "Cytogenetics of childhood T-cell leukemia." Blood 72, no. 5 (November 1, 1988): 1560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v72.5.1560.bloodjournal7251560.
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The karyotypes of 57 cases of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were analyzed to establish the cytogenetic profile in this disease. Three questions were of particular interest. Do the chromosomal changes in T-cell ALL preferentially affect bands where genes encoding the T-cell receptor for antigen (TCR) have been mapped? Do alterations involving the TCR gene regions appear with any notable frequency in B-progenitor ALL? Do chromosomal abnormalities in this disease relate to stage of T-cell ontogeny? A relatively high proportion of cases (65%) had a pseudodiploid karyotype at presentation, the majority (58%) characterized by a translocation. The overall frequency of translocations was 44%, comparable to that among all banded cases of ALL seen in our laboratory. Hypodiploidy and hyperdiploidy were exceedingly rare (only four of 57 cases); 16 cases (28%) had apparently normal karyotypes. In half the cases with a translocation (14 of 24), the breakpoints were in regions to which the alpha and beta chain TCR genes have been mapped. Chromosomal breakpoints that were consistently observed in the vicinity of TCR gene loci were 7q32-q36 (TCR beta chain; n = 8), 14q11-q13 (TCR alpha chain; n = 6); other frequent breakpoints were 9p13-pter (n = 8) and 6q15-qter (n = 9). Chromosomal alterations occurred near TCR gene loci significantly more often in T-cell cases than in a comparison group of 335 patients with B-cell precursor ALL (26% v 1.5%, P = .0001). Stage I thymocyte development (CD7+, CD2+, CD5+, CD1-, CD3-, CD4-, CD8-) was noted in 23 cases, stage II (CD7+, CD2+, CD5+, CD1+, CD3-, CD4 +/-, CD8 +/-) in 25 cases, and stage III (CD9+, CD2+, CD1-, CD5+, CD3+, and either CD4+ or CD8+) in nine cases. The only statistically significant associations between cytogenetic findings and T-cell ontogeny were a higher frequency of normal karyotypes in cases with stage I thymocytes, and of pseudodiploidy in stage II cases. There was no apparent relationship between particular translocations and level of thymocyte maturation. Our findings indicate that most children with T-cell ALL have pseudodiploid karyotypes, although a surprisingly high percentage lack demonstrable abnormal clones. Specific chromosomal changes do not appear to be related to discrete stages of T-cell ontogeny as defined in this study, but they occur preferentially in bands containing TCR genes.
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Barber, Kirk. "CDA Summer Highlights." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 23, no. 1 (January 2019): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1203475418822495.
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Peng, Yanhong, Yaping Wang, Xiaoyan Liu, Ronghua Zhou, Xianqing Liao, Yong Min, Lixin Ma, Ying Wang, and Ben Rao. "Expression and Surface Display of an Acidic Cold-Active Chitosanase in Pichia pastoris Using Multi-Copy Expression and High-Density Cultivation." Molecules 27, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030800.
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Chitosanase hydrolyzes β-(1,4)-linked glycosidic bonds are used in chitosan chains to release oligosaccharide mixtures. Here, we cloned and expressed a cold-adapted chitosanase (CDA, Genbank: MW094131) using multi-copy expression plasmids (CDA1/2/3/4) in Pichia pastoris. We identified elevated CDA expression levels in multi-copy strains, with strain PCDA4 selected for high-density fermentation and enzyme-activity studies. The high-density fermentation approach generated a CDA yield of 20014.8 U/mL, with temperature and pH optimization experiments revealing the highest CDA activity at 20 °C and 5.0, respectively. CDA was stable at 10 °C and 20 °C. Thus, CDA could be used at low temperatures. CDA was then displayed on P. pastoris using multi-copy expression plasmids. Then, multi-copy strains were constructed and labelled as PCDA(1-3)-AGα1. Further studies showed that the expression of CDA(1-3)-AGα1 in multi-copy strains was increased, and that strain PCDA3-AGα1 was chosen for high-density fermentation and enzyme activity studies. By using a multi-copy expression and high-density fermentation approach, we observed CDA-AGα1 expression yields of 102415 U/g dry cell weight. These data showed that the displayed CDA exhibited improved thermostability and was more stable over wider temperature and pH ranges than free CDA. In addition, displayed CDA could be reused. Thus, the data showed that displaying enzymes on P. pastoris may have applications in industrial settings.
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Amalia, Fatya Alty, Arie Indra Gunawan, and Nono Wibisono. "Citra Destinasi Wisata Halal di Jepang: Wisatawan Dan Non-Wisatawan Muslim Dari Indonesia." Jurnal Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 17, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/jbk.v17i1.2473.
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Wisata halal merupakan salah satu sektor bisnis halal yang masih berkembang karena banyaknya potensi wisatawan yang masih dapat dimanfaatkan lebih lanjut. Sebagai seorang wisatawan yang memiliki beberapa pilihan destinasi wisata halal, proses pengambilan keputusannya mengenai destinasi yang dipilih dapat sangat dipengaruhi oleh citra destinasi pada atribut wisata halal di destinasi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji citra destinasi wisata halal di Jepang dari wisatawan dan non-wisatawan muslim Indonesia. Untuk pendataan dilakukan survey online (Mei-Juni 2020) terhadap umat Islam Indonesia dan menghasilkan 263 respon valid. Berdasarkan 12 atribut, 263 tanggapan tersebut dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney U dan dilanjutkan untuk menguji ukuran efeknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 dari 12 atribut (CD1, CD4, dan CD10) yang tidak berbeda nyata antara kelompok wisatawan dan non-wisatawan. Sedangkan atribut sisanya berbeda nyata antara kedua kelompok. Secara spesifik, gambaran CD3, CD5, dan CD12 pada wisatawan lebih kuat dibandingkan non-wisatawan. Di sisi lain, citra non-pengunjung dalam bentuk CD2, CD6, CD7, CD8, CD9, dan CD11 lebih kuat dari pada wisatawan. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, Jepang sebaiknya menyesuaikan strategi promosinya berdasarkan sasarannya, baik wisatawan yang sudah memiliki pengalaman aktual maupun non-wisatawan yang hanya mengandalkan citra sekundernya.
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Ahn, Ji Young, and Bong Seok Choi. "Application of a Cold Dry Air Provocation Test in Pediatric Patients with Asthma." Children 9, no. 6 (June 19, 2022): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9060920.
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction and airway hyperreactivity. We proposed a cold dry air (CDA) provocation test and investigated its application in pediatric patients with asthma. We enrolled 72 children and adolescents older than 5 years who presented to our hospital with chronic cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. We analyzed the results of allergy, pulmonary function, methacholine provocation, and CDA provocation tests. The FEV1 change 5 min after the provocation was recorded as CDA5 dFEV1; that after 15 min was recorded as CDA15 dFEV1. PT10 was the provocation time causing a 10% decrease in FEV1; a decrease of >10% in dFEV1 was considered a positive CDA test. Among the 72 subjects, 51 were diagnosed with asthma. A positive CDA test in patients with asthma correlated with non-eosinophilic asthma. In patients with asthma, sputum eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels of the patients with a positive CDA test were significantly lower than those of patients with a negative test. CDA5 dFEV1 correlated with PC20 and total immunoglobulin E. CDA15 dFEV1 correlated with PC20, sputum eosinophils, and ECP. PT10 became shorter as the peripheral blood eosinophil, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75 decreased. The CDA provocation test showed airway hyperreactivity to non-specific stimuli, a high correlation with non-eosinophilic asthma, and the possibility of assessing asthma severity via PT10.
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Barber, Kirk. "CDA 2021 Conference Abstracts." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 25, no. 1_suppl (September 2021): 1S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/12034754211037088.
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Mey, Inger. "The CA/CDA controversy." Journal of Pragmatics 33, no. 4 (April 2001): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(00)00016-3.
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Gavriely-Nuri, Dalia. "Cultural approach to CDA." Critical Discourse Studies 9, no. 1 (February 2012): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2011.636484.
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Farrelly, Michael. "Rethinking intertextuality in CDA." Critical Discourse Studies 17, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2019.1609538.
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Hillier, Jon K., N. McBride, S. F. Green, S. Kempf, and R. Srama. "Modelling CDA mass spectra." Planetary and Space Science 54, no. 9-10 (August 2006): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.05.013.
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Abbott, Daniel, Steven Kroft, Maria Hintzke, Luis Carrillo-Polanco, Ashley Cunningham, John Astle, Vasiliki Leventaki, and Alexandra Harrington. "Immunophenotypic Analysis of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas: A Single-Center Retrospective Review of Flow Cytometric Analysis." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, Supplement_1 (September 11, 2019): S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz121.012.
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Abstract Background Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are heterogenous, mature T-cell neoplasms that are a diagnostic challenge, requiring a combination of morphologic assessment and ancillary studies. Flow cytometry (FC) is a tool used routinely in lymphoma diagnosis; however, most analyses are limited to B-cell evaluation and pathologists generally lack experience evaluating for PTCL. We aimed to describe the immunophenotypic aberrancies observed by FC in PTCL. Design PTCLs with FC were collected, excluding primary leukemic processes. Four- and eight-color FC data were reanalyzed with the following antigens (when available): CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD30, CD45, CD45RO, CD56, and CD57. Lymphoma cells were compared to normal T cells and an isotype control. Antigen expression was defined as >20%. Results Thirty-eight cases were analyzed (29 males, 9 females, 6-86 years, median 62 years), including 29 PTCLs NOS, 4 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITLs), 3 anaplastic large cell lymphomas, 1 δγ-TCL, and 1 hepatosplenic TCL from 15 bone marrows, 14 lymph nodes, 6 bloods, 2 fluids, and 1 skin. Twenty cases were CD4+, 4 were CD8+, 3 were dual +, and 10 were dual –. Thirty-seven cases (97%) showed global aberrant antigen patterns, median 4 aberrancies/case (1-8). Lymphoma cells accounted for 0.07% to 68% (median 2.6%) of total events. Aberrant CD7 expression was present in 34 of 38 (89%) and was underexpressed in 22 of 34 (65%). CD3 and CD5 were aberrant in 79% of cases each, with two-thirds showing underexpression. CD2 and CD45RO were aberrant in two-thirds of PTCLs, with overexpression in 61% and 92% of those cases, respectively. One AITL showed no aberrancies. Conclusions Nearly all PTCLs show immunophenotypic aberrancy compared to normal T cells. Most commonly, PTCL showed aberrant underexpression of CD7, CD3, and CD5 and overexpression of CD2 and CD45RO. Our data support FC panels with CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, and CD45RO to optimize recovery of aberrant T cells.
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Tjønnfjord, G. E., O. P. Veiby, R. Steen, and T. Egeland. "T lymphocyte differentiation in vitro from adult human prethymic CD34+ bone marrow cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 177, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.177.6.1531.
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Pluripotent lymphohematopoietic stem cells are probably confined to bone marrow cells expressing CD34 surface molecules. To investigate the capacity of adult human CD34+ bone marrow cells to differentiate along the T lymphoid lineage, we plated purified CD34+ cells from healthy adults in liquid culture on adherent thymic stromal cells prepared from HLA- or blood group-mismatched postnatal thymic tissue. We show that purified CD34+CD3-CD4-CD8- bone marrow cells contained progenitors with the ability to differentiate into CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing surface (s)CD3 and T cell receptor alpha/beta in vitro. These progenitors were found in the CD34+CD2+sCD3-CD4-CD8-, CD34+CD7+sCD3-CD4-CD8-, and CD34+CD2+CD7+sCD3-CD4-CD8-, as well as in the CD34+CD2-sCD3-CD4-CD8-, CD34+CD7-sCD3-CD4-CD8-, and CD34+CD2-CD7-sCD3-CD4-CD8- subsets, indicating that T lymphocyte progenitors sensitive to signals mediated by thymic stroma in vitro are not restricted to CD34+ cells already coexpressing early T lymphocyte-associated markers. Finally, we show that T lymphopoiesis was enhanced by c-kit ligand.
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Zhao, Shiyou, Jin Li, Lifeng Wu, Ming Hua, Changmei Jiang, Ying Pan, Lirong Yao, Sijun Xu, Jianlong Ge, and Gangwei Pan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Diacetate-Graft-Polylactide via Solvent-Free Melt Ring-Opening Graft Copolymerization." Polymers 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010143.
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Cellulose diacetate (CDA) and L-lactide (L-LA) were used to prepare CDA−g−PLLA with a low glass transition temperature under different process conditions. Given the high glass transition temperature (Tg) of CDA, the thermal processing performance of CDA is poor, which greatly limits its application fields. To decrease the Tg of CDA, graft copolymerization was used in this research. A CDA−g−PLLA graft copolymer was synthesized by grafting CDA with L-LA under different reaction conditions using stannous octanoate as the catalyst and variations in the grafting rate under different reaction conditions were compared. The chemical structure and crystal structure of the CDA−g−PLLA were investigated, and thermal properties were also studied. The results showed that the grafting rate was the highest at the L-LA/CDA mass ratio of 4:1 under a reaction temperature of 150 °C for 90 min, and no poly-L-lactide (PLLA) homopolymer was found among the CDA−g−PLLA graft copolymers after purification. The Tg of CDA−g−PLLA was 54.2 °C, and the initial temperature of weightlessness of CDA−g−PLLA was 218.7 °C. The regularity of the original CDA molecular chains was destroyed after grafting PLLA molecular chains. In this research, we investigated the optimal grafting conditions for CDA−g−PLLA and the CDA−g−PLLA had a low Tg, which improves the thermal processing performance of CDA and broadens its application prospects in the industry.
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Carciofi, Aulus Cavalieri, Roberto Pontieri, Cristiana Fonseca Ferreira, and Flavio Prada. "Avaliação de dietas com diferentes fontes protéicas para cães adultos." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 35, no. 3 (June 2006): 754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982006000300017.
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Foram comparados os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) de quatro alimentos secos extrusados para cães, cada um formulado com um dos ingredientes protéicos em estudo: farelo de soja (FS); farelo de glúten de milho (GM); farinha de carne e ossos (FCO); e farinha de vísceras de frango (FV). O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (ingredientes protéicos) e seis repetições, totalizando 24 animais. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey. O CDA da PB (média ± erro-padrão da média) foi maior na ração à base de GM (88,13±0,40%), seguida pelas dietas com FS (86,31±0,34%), FCO (85,88±0,16%) e FV (84,84±0,15%). O CDA da MS foi maior para a ração com FV (83,69±0,09%), intermediário para GM (82,41±0,23%) e FCO (82,76±0,11%) e menor para FS (81,10±0,16%). As rações à base de proteína animal apresentaram os maiores CDA dos extrativos não-nitrogenados. O teor de MS das fezes dos cães foi elevado na ração com FCO, intermediário naquela com FV e GM e baixo naquela à base de FS. As quatro fontes protéicas estudadas apresentaram bons CDA e, portanto, podem ser utilizadas em rações para cães adultos.
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Yumura-Yagi, Keiko, Shigehiko Ishihara, Junichi Hara, Mitsunori Murata, Yutaka Izumi, Akio Tawa, Akiko Sato, et al. "Poor prognosis of mediastinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with an immature phenotype of CD2+, CD7 (or CD5)+, CD3−, CD4−, and CD8−." Cancer 63, no. 4 (February 15, 1989): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19890215)63:4<671::aid-cncr2820630413>3.0.co;2-x.
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Lumeau, Audrey, Nicolas Bery, Cyril Ribeyre, Samad Elkaoutari, Guillaume Labrousse, Miguel Madrid-Mencia, Vera Pancaldi, et al. "Abstract PO-043: Cytidine deaminase protects pancreatic cancer cells from replicative stress and drive response to DNA-targeting drugs." Cancer Research 81, no. 22_Supplement (November 15, 2021): PO—043—PO—043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca21-po-043.
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Abstract Cytidine deaminase (CDA) converts cytidine and deoxycytidine into uridine and deoxyuridine within the pyrimidine salvage pathway for DNA and RNA synthesis. In this regard, loss of CDA provokes genomic instability in Bloom Syndrome, and CDA overexpression is associated with tumor resistance to chemotherapy with pyrimidine analogs. However, the precise role of CDA per se in cancer has been totally underexplored so far. Patient cohort analysis demonstrate that CDA is overexpressed in PDAC, a disease with no cure with increasing incidence, and associated with a worse prognosis in patient. Functional studies demonstrate that CDA is essential to PDAC cell proliferation and tumor growth. We found that CDA expression is associated with gene set enrichment in DNA replication signature, in both PDAC tumors and experimental models. Using enforced expression, genetic or pharmacologic targeting, we demonstrate that CDA promotes DNA replication, localizes to the replication fork and increases replication fork fitness. These effects are strictly dependent on CDA deaminase activity. Hence, we found that CDA controls replication stress as CDA expression is inversely correlated with the level of DNA breaks during S-phase, and that CDA targeting is associated with gene set enrichment in replication stress signature and CHK1 protein activation. Next, we demonstrate that CDA preserves genomic stability of PDAC cells, as CDA expression is inversely correlated with micronuclei formation and DNA damage transfer to daughter cells. We next explored PDAC cell lines from the Cancer Cell Lines Encyclopedia and found that CDA expression is associated with resistance to drug targeting DNA synthesis. Functional studies demonstrate that overexpressing CDA, and not CDA catalytically inactive mutant, protects PDAC cell lines from camptothecin, a topoisomerase inhibitor, while targeting CDA sensitizes PDAC cells to treatment by camptothecin and oxaliplatin, that forms platinum-DNA adducts. To gain further insights into the clinical potential of such finding, we targeted CDA expression in primary cells from patient with PDAC and found that CDA is essential to primary cell growth, and that CDA targeting sensitizes primary cells to treatment by oxaliplatin. Taken together, our results reveal for the first time that CDA controls DNA replication, replication stress level and genomic stability of PDAC cells, and that this new role of CDA is involved in tumor resistance to drugs inducing DNA damages. Thus, our work stems for new strategies based on CDA targeting to defeat PDAC resistance to treatment. Citation Format: Audrey Lumeau, Nicolas Bery, Cyril Ribeyre, Samad Elkaoutari, Guillaume Labrousse, Miguel Madrid-Mencia, Vera Pancaldi, Marie-Jeanne Pillaire, Valérie Bergoglio, Nelson Dusseti, Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann, Louis Buscail, Malik Lutzmann, Pierre Cordelier. Cytidine deaminase protects pancreatic cancer cells from replicative stress and drive response to DNA-targeting drugs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-043.
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Walden, Genevieve K. "Vouchers and Duplicates Requested CDA." Madroño 64, no. 3 (July 2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-64.3.110.
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Park, Young-Taek. "Book Review: The CDA Book." Healthcare Informatics Research 22, no. 1 (2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4258/hir.2016.22.1.59.
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PEAFF, GEORGE. "DEAVENPORT TO RECEIVE CDA AWARD." Chemical & Engineering News 75, no. 10 (March 10, 1997): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n010.p029.
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Barber, Kirk. "CDA 2020 Conference Legacy Abstracts." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 24, no. 2_suppl (July 2020): 1S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1203475420939378.
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Chilton, Paul. "Still something missing in CDA." Discourse Studies 13, no. 6 (December 2011): 769–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445611421360a.
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Li, Li, Jun Gao, Tegawendé F. Bissyandé, Lei Ma, Xin Xia, and Jacques Klein. "CDA: Characterising Deprecated Android APIs." Empirical Software Engineering 25, no. 3 (January 11, 2020): 2058–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-019-09764-z.
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Goldberg, Fred T., Bob Friedman, and Ray Boshara. "CDA legislative challenges and opportunities." Children and Youth Services Review 32, no. 11 (November 2010): 1609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.04.005.
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Kawasaki, H., CJ Carrera, LD Piro, A. Saven, TJ Kipps, and DA Carson. "Relationship of deoxycytidine kinase and cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase to the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine." Blood 81, no. 3 (February 1, 1993): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.3.597.597.
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Abstract The agent 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) has chemotherapeutic activity in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The cytotoxic activity of 2-CdA requires the intracellular accumulation of 2-CdA nucleotides. Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and cytoplasmic 5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT) are the principal enzymes that phosphorylate 2-CdA and dephosphorylate 2-CdA 5′-monophosphate, respectively. The net accumulation of 2-CdA nucleotides may therefore depend on both dCK and 5′-NT. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine if there is a relationship between pretreatment levels of dCK and 5′-NT in HCL and in CLL cells, and the clinical outcome of 2- CdA treatment. As measured by a direct immunoassay for dCK in 25 CLL patients, and by a 5′-NT activity assay in 23 patients, mean dCK levels were significantly higher in 2-CdA responders than in nonresponders (P < .01), whereas mean 5′-NT levels were significantly lower in 2-CdA responders than in nonresponders (P < .05). Mean dCK levels were higher in six HCL 2-CdA responders than in one nonresponder, whereas mean 5′- NT levels were lower in the 2-CdA responders than in the nonresponder. These results suggest that both dCK and 5′-NT are determinants of 2-CdA responsiveness.
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Kawasaki, H., CJ Carrera, LD Piro, A. Saven, TJ Kipps, and DA Carson. "Relationship of deoxycytidine kinase and cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase to the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine." Blood 81, no. 3 (February 1, 1993): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.3.597.bloodjournal813597.
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The agent 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) has chemotherapeutic activity in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The cytotoxic activity of 2-CdA requires the intracellular accumulation of 2-CdA nucleotides. Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and cytoplasmic 5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT) are the principal enzymes that phosphorylate 2-CdA and dephosphorylate 2-CdA 5′-monophosphate, respectively. The net accumulation of 2-CdA nucleotides may therefore depend on both dCK and 5′-NT. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine if there is a relationship between pretreatment levels of dCK and 5′-NT in HCL and in CLL cells, and the clinical outcome of 2- CdA treatment. As measured by a direct immunoassay for dCK in 25 CLL patients, and by a 5′-NT activity assay in 23 patients, mean dCK levels were significantly higher in 2-CdA responders than in nonresponders (P < .01), whereas mean 5′-NT levels were significantly lower in 2-CdA responders than in nonresponders (P < .05). Mean dCK levels were higher in six HCL 2-CdA responders than in one nonresponder, whereas mean 5′- NT levels were lower in the 2-CdA responders than in the nonresponder. These results suggest that both dCK and 5′-NT are determinants of 2-CdA responsiveness.
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Rasmussen, R. A., S. L. Counts, J. F. Daley, and S. F. Schlossman. "Isolation and characterization of CD6- T cells from peripheral blood." Journal of Immunology 152, no. 2 (January 15, 1994): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.152.2.527.
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Abstract Antibodies to the CD6 Ag have been described as having pan-T cell reactivity. We have recently demonstrated, however, that after treatment of PBL with an anti-CD6-blocked ricin-conjugated immunotoxin, clonal populations of CD3+, CD6- cells can be identified. Herein we show that through dual parameter staining of freshly isolated E-rosette+ cells, an average of 5 to 6% of either CD3+ or CD5+ cells express little or no CD6 on their surface. After negative selection by antibody-coated paramagnetic bead depletion, expanded CD6- T cells were shown to be CD1a-, CD2+, CD3+, CD5+, CD16-, CD56-, TCR-gamma/delta-, and consisted of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Furthermore, staining of digitonin permeabilized cells showed no cytoplasmic expression of the CD6 Ag and CD6 mRNA was not detected by Northern blot analysis. Identical staining patterns were observed for T cell clones isolated through bead depletion or immunotoxin treatment and expanded with either PHA or immobilized anti-CD3 mAb. It was also found that, relative to unfractionated T cells, the surface expression of CD5 was significantly diminished on CD6- T cells. Functionally, freshly isolated CD6- T cells showed substantially reduced alloreactivity in MLR compared with unfractionated E-rosette+ cells, yet both gave similar proliferative responses to either PHA or soluble tetanus toxin Ag. We conclude that there exists a minor subpopulation of mature T cells in peripheral blood that lack CD6. The diminished alloreactivity of these cells may help to explain the low incidence of graft-vs-host disease, despite high levels of engraftment, that has been reported in allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients receiving marrow treated with anti-CD6 (T12) mAb plus C'.
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Jung, Sungwon, Sungchul Bae, Donghyeong Seong, and Byoung-Kee Yi. "Standard Document Development for Health Information Exchange in Korea." Applied Clinical Informatics 13, no. 03 (May 2022): 592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1749331.
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Abstract Background Health information exchange (HIE) allows healthcare providers to access a patient's medical information to improve patient care continuity. The standardized data realize the HIE values. Since the Health Level 7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) is flexible, implementation guides (IG) are needed for use cases. Although many CDA IGs have been developed, they did not describe how these CDA IGs were developed. A national CDA IG that meets the local requirements is demanded since the data differs according to the digital divide and social–cultural background of the country that wants to establish HIE. Due to their localized contents, other countries cannot directly adopt the published CDA IGs. Objectives We developed the national CDA IG, namely, Korean (K)-CDA IG that meets the local requirement, including reusable structured templates, value sets, and object identifiers (OIDs). We present a detailed description of the development process and the technical methods of the national CDA IG in the Korean context. Methods The K-CDA IG was developed in the following stages: analysis, development, and evaluation. First, we investigated the health information environment and electronic health record (EHR) systems and conducted a gap analysis with published CDA IGs. Second, a templated CDA approach was taken for designing modular. Lastly, we consulted a technical advisory group for comments on the validity of the K-CDA IG. Results A total of 35 CDA templates were developed. We improved 28 value sets of which 13 were Korea specific and 15 were based on the ones used in other IGs, and made a set of rules to establish the OID structure. Conclusion We presented the development process and the technical specifications of K-CDA IG. We explored how the results can be used as interoperability criteria in the national EHR systems certification program. Finally, we provided recommendations that could guide other entities planning their HIE programs.
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Ceglarek, Bernadeta B. "Cladribine (2-CdA) Effectiveness in Patients with Low Grade Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma - 7 year Polish Study Report." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 4589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4589.4589.
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Abstract 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA, Cladribine) was used in patients with advanced, low-grade lymphomas (Lymphoplasmacytoid, Centroblastic/centrocytic, Centrocytic, Lymphocytic) resistant to conventional therapy. There was conducted a trial of 2-CdA group versus control group (patients treated different chemotherapy: Chlorambucil, COP, CHOP) in 85 patients. There were 47 men and 38 women with median age of 55 years were treated. Forty five patients with low-grade lymphomas were given 2-CdA at 0.1 mg/kg/d as a 7–5 day continuous infusion every 4–6 weeks. A total number of courses was different (2–7), median of three courses per patient, of 2-CdA were administered. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and for response. The results of overall response for 2-CdA group and control group are in table 1. Table 1- The results of overall response for 2-CdA group and control group 2-CdA Group Control Group P CR (%) 16.7 10.8 p>0.5 PR (%) 28.3 43.2 p>0.5 Overall (%) 45.0 54.0 p>0.5 The results of 2-CdA therapy are showed in tabel 2. Table 2 - The results of 2-CdA therapy in low grade NHL patients. 2-CdA First line therapy II–III line therapy P Numbers of pts. 15.0 30.0 CR (%) 15.2 15.4 p>0.05 PR (%) 30.3 30.8 p>0.05 Overall (%) 45.5 46.2 p>0.05 The results of 2-CdA therapy LG NHL patients (I-6pts; II-7pts.; III-25pts.; IV-7 pts.) concerned with clinical stage are showed below: Clinical Stage-CR (%) I-50 II-42.9 III-12 IV-14.3 P>0.05 Clinical Stage-PR (%) I-33.3 II-42.9 III-40.0 IV-28.6 P>0.05 Toxicity, in particular opportunistic infections (< or = grade 2, 35.6–48.4% in 2-CdA group v 31.6–64.7% in chemotherapy treated group; P>0.05) and myelosuppression (< or = grade 2 leucopenia, 31.1% in 2-CdA group v 25.0% in chemotherapy treated group, P>0.05 and thrombocytopenia 0–II grade WHO), were more frequent in 2-CdA group (II–III line therapy). The median response duration was 12 months (range, 3 to 44+). I observed less death numbers in 2-CdA first line patients than II–III line 2-CdA group (P=.00132). Conclusions : There was no statistical significant difference in frequency overall response (CR+PR) between 2-CdA group and chemotherapy treated group. 2-CdA therapy as a consecutive line caused an increase in mortality risk in contrast to the first line therapy. 2-CdA therapy as II–III line therapy allowed to receive complete remission in 9.4% previously treated low grade non Hodkin’s lymphoma patients.
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Liu, Ke, and Fang Guo. "A Review on Critical Discourse Analysis." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 5 (May 17, 2016): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0605.23.
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Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), a new branch of modern linguistic researches rose abroad in recent years, aims to reveal the interrelationship among language, ideology and power. During the thirty years’ development process, studies of CDA present different characteristics in different phases. So far, both in China and abroad, great achievements concerning CDA has been made. Through reviewing the multiple perspective studies of CDA at home and abroad, classical theories and analytical approaches related to CDA are elaborated, some new trends of CDA are also discussed and explained. The aim of this paper is to help scholars to get a comprehensive understanding of the development of CDA, with the ultimate purpose of promoting related academic researches.
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Jiang, Changmei, Yuan Tian, Luolan Wang, Shiyou Zhao, Ming Hua, Lirong Yao, Sijun Xu, Jianlong Ge, and Gangwei Pan. "Facile Approach for the Potential Large-Scale Production of Polylactide Nanofiber Membranes with Enhanced Hydrophilic Properties." Materials 16, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 1784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051784.
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Polylactide (PLA) nanofiber membranes with enhanced hydrophilic properties were prepared through electrospinning. As a result of their poor hydrophilic properties, common PLA nanofibers have poor hygroscopicity and separation efficiency when used as oil–water separation materials. In this research, cellulose diacetate (CDA) was used to improve the hydrophilic properties of PLA. The PLA/CDA blends were successfully electrospun to obtain nanofiber membranes with excellent hydrophilic properties and biodegradability. The effects of the additional amount of CDA on the surface morphology, crystalline structure, and hydrophilic properties of the PLA nanofiber membranes were investigated. The water flux of the PLA nanofiber membranes modified with different CDA amounts was also analyzed. The addition of CDA improved the hygroscopicity of the blended PLA membranes; the water contact angle of the PLA/CDA (6/4) fiber membrane was 97.8°, whereas that of the pure PLA fiber membrane was 134.9°. The addition of CDA enhanced hydrophilicity because it tended to decrease the diameter of PLA fibers and thus increased the specific surface area of the membranes. Blending PLA with CDA had no significant effect on the crystalline structure of the PLA fiber membranes. However, the tensile properties of the PLA/CDA nanofiber membranes worsened due to the poor compatibility between PLA and CDA. Interestingly, CDA endowed the nanofiber membranes with improved water flux. The water flux of the PLA/CDA (8/2) nanofiber membrane was 28,540.81 L/m2·h, which was considerably higher than that of the pure PLA fiber membrane (387.47 L/m2·h). The PLA/CDA nanofiber membranes can be feasibly applied as an environmentally friendly oil–water separation material because of their improved hydrophilic properties and excellent biodegradability.
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Seligmann, Hervé, and Jacques Demongeot. "Codon Directional Asymmetry Suggests Swapped Prebiotic 1st and 2nd Codon Positions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010347.
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Background: Codon directional asymmetry (CDA) classifies the 64 codons into palindromes (XYX, CDA = 0), and 5′- and 3′-dominant (YXX and XXY, CDA < 0 and CDA > 0, respectively). Previously, CDA was defined by the purine/pyrimidine divide (A,G/C,T), where X is either a purine or a pyrimidine. For the remaining codons with undefined CDA, CDA was defined by the 5′ or 3′ nucleotide complementary to Y. This CDA correlates with cognate amino acid tRNA synthetase classes, antiparallel beta sheet conformation index and the evolutionary order defined by the self-referential genetic code evolution model (CDA < 0: class I, high beta sheet index, late genetic code inclusion). Methods: We explore associations of CDAs defined by nucleotide classifications according to complementarity strengths (A:T, weak; C:G, strong) and keto-enol/amino-imino groupings (G,T/A,C), also after swapping 1st and 2nd codon positions with amino acid physicochemical and structural properties. Results: Here, analyses show that for the eight codons whose purine/pyrimidine-based CDA requires using the rule of complementarity with the midposition, using weak interactions to define CDA instead of complementarity increases associations with tRNA synthetase classes, antiparallel beta sheet index and genetic code evolutionary order. CDA defined by keto-enol/amino-imino groups, 1st and 2nd codon positions swapped, correlates with amino acid parallel beta sheet formation indices and Doolittle’s hydropathicities. Conclusions: Results suggest (a) prebiotic swaps from N2N1N3 to N1N2N3 codon structures, (b) that tRNA-mediated translation replaced direct codon-amino acid interactions, and (c) links between codon structures and cognate amino acid properties.
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Barcena, A., MO Muench, AH Galy, J. Cupp, MG Roncarolo, JH Phillips, and H. Spits. "Phenotypic and functional analysis of T-cell precursors in the human fetal liver and thymus: CD7 expression in the early stages of T- and myeloid-cell development." Blood 82, no. 11 (December 1, 1993): 3401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.11.3401.3401.
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Abstract It has been proposed that the CD7 molecule is the first antigen expressed on the membrane of cells committed to the T-cell lineage during human fetal T-cell ontogeny. To further identify the pre-T cell subpopulation that migrates to the thymus early in ontogeny, we analyzed the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the fetal liver populations separated on the basis of CD7 expression. Three populations expressing different levels of CD7 were observed: CD7bright, CD7dull, and CD7-. A CD7bright population depleted of mature T, B, and myeloid cells (lineage negative, lin-) and mostly composed of CD56+ CD34- natural killer cells did not mature into T cells in a fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC) assay and was devoid of myeloid progenitors in a clonal colony-forming cell assay. In contrast, the CD7-/dull CD34+ lin- populations were capable of differentiating into phenotypically mature T cells after injection into FTOC and contained early myeloid progenitors. Here we phenotypically compared the fetal liver CD7 populations with the most immature fetal thymic subset that differentiated in the FTOC assay, namely the triple negative (TN, CD3- CD4-CD8-) thymocytes. Fetal TN lin- expressed high levels of CD34 marker and were further subdivided by their expression of CD1 antigen, because CD1- TN thymocytes express higher levels of CD34 antigen compared with CD1+ TN cells. CD1- lin -TN thymocytes are characterized by expressing high levels of CD2, CD7, and CD34 markers and dull levels of CD5, CD10, and CD28 molecules. We could not find fetal liver pre-T cells with a phenotype equivalent to that of TN thymocytes. Our data show that CD7 does not necessarily identify T-cell precursors during fetal T-cell development and strongly support the hypothesis that the acquisition of early T-cell markers as CD2, CD28, and CD5 molecules on the cell surface of T-cell progenitors takes place intrathymically.
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Barcena, A., MO Muench, AH Galy, J. Cupp, MG Roncarolo, JH Phillips, and H. Spits. "Phenotypic and functional analysis of T-cell precursors in the human fetal liver and thymus: CD7 expression in the early stages of T- and myeloid-cell development." Blood 82, no. 11 (December 1, 1993): 3401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.11.3401.bloodjournal82113401.
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It has been proposed that the CD7 molecule is the first antigen expressed on the membrane of cells committed to the T-cell lineage during human fetal T-cell ontogeny. To further identify the pre-T cell subpopulation that migrates to the thymus early in ontogeny, we analyzed the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the fetal liver populations separated on the basis of CD7 expression. Three populations expressing different levels of CD7 were observed: CD7bright, CD7dull, and CD7-. A CD7bright population depleted of mature T, B, and myeloid cells (lineage negative, lin-) and mostly composed of CD56+ CD34- natural killer cells did not mature into T cells in a fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC) assay and was devoid of myeloid progenitors in a clonal colony-forming cell assay. In contrast, the CD7-/dull CD34+ lin- populations were capable of differentiating into phenotypically mature T cells after injection into FTOC and contained early myeloid progenitors. Here we phenotypically compared the fetal liver CD7 populations with the most immature fetal thymic subset that differentiated in the FTOC assay, namely the triple negative (TN, CD3- CD4-CD8-) thymocytes. Fetal TN lin- expressed high levels of CD34 marker and were further subdivided by their expression of CD1 antigen, because CD1- TN thymocytes express higher levels of CD34 antigen compared with CD1+ TN cells. CD1- lin -TN thymocytes are characterized by expressing high levels of CD2, CD7, and CD34 markers and dull levels of CD5, CD10, and CD28 molecules. We could not find fetal liver pre-T cells with a phenotype equivalent to that of TN thymocytes. Our data show that CD7 does not necessarily identify T-cell precursors during fetal T-cell development and strongly support the hypothesis that the acquisition of early T-cell markers as CD2, CD28, and CD5 molecules on the cell surface of T-cell progenitors takes place intrathymically.
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Joaquim, Andrei F., and K. Daniel Riew. "Multilevel cervical arthroplasty: current evidence. A systematic review." Neurosurgical Focus 42, no. 2 (February 2017): E4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.10.focus16354.
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OBJECTIVE Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment modality for single-level cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy. Its advantages over an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) include motion preservation and decreased reoperations at the index and adjacent segments up to 7 years postoperatively. Considering the fact that many patients have multilevel cervical disc degeneration (CDD), the authors performed a systematic review of the clinical studies evaluating patients who underwent multilevel CDA (2 or more levels). METHODS A systematic review in the MEDLINE database was performed. Clinical studies including patients who had multilevel CDA were selected and included. Case reports and literature reviews were excluded. Articles were then grouped according to their main study objective: 1) studies comparing multilevel CDA versus ACDF; 2) studies comparing single-level CDA versus multilevel CDA; and 3) multilevel CDA after a previous cervical spine surgery. RESULTS Fourteen articles met all inclusion criteria. The general conclusions were that multilevel CDA was at least as safe and effective as ACDF, with preservation of cervical motion when compared with ACDF and potentially with fewer reoperations expected in most of the studies. Multilevel CDAs are clinically effective as single-level surgeries, with good clinical and radiological outcomes. Some studies reported a higher incidence of heterotopic ossification in multilevel CDA when compared with single-level procedures, but without clinical relevance during the follow-up period. A CDA may be indicated even after a previous cervical surgery in selected cases. CONCLUSIONS The current literature supports the use of multilevel CDA. Caution is necessary regarding the more restrictive indications for CDA when compared with ACDF. Further prospective, controlled, multicenter, and randomized studies not sponsored by the device manufactures are desirable to prove the superiority of CDA surgery over ACDF as the treatment of choice for CDD in selected cases.
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Alonazi, Zaha. "Examining validity in computerized dynamic assessment." ExELL 5, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/exell-2018-0004.
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Abstract Computerized dynamic assessment (CDA) posits itself as a new type of assessment that includes mediation in the assessment process. Proponents of dynamic assessment (DA) in general and CDA in particular argue that the goals of DA are in congruence with the concept of validity that underscores the social consequences of test use and the integration of learning and assessment (Sternberg & Grigorenko, 2002; Poehner, 2008; Shabani, 2012;). However, empirical research on CDA falls short in supporting such an argument. Empirical studies on CDA are riddled with ill-defined constructs and insufficient supporting evidence in regard to the aspects of validity postulated by Messick (1989, 1990, 1996). Due to the scarcity of research on CDA, this paper explores the potentials and the viability of this intervention-based assessment in computer assisted language testing context in light of its conformity with Messick’s unitary view of validity. The paper begins with a discussion of the theoretical foundations and models of DA. It then proceeds to discuss the differences between DA and non-dynamic assessment (NDA) measures before critically appraising the empirical studies on CDA. The critical review of the findings in CDA literature aims at shedding light on some drawbacks in the design of CDA research and the compatibility of the concept of construct validity in CDA with Messick’s (1989) unitary concept of validity. The review of CDA concludes with some recommendations for rectifying gaps to establish CDA in a more prominent position in computerized language testing.
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Weber, Donna M., Michael Wang, Kay B. Delasalle, Maria Gavino, and Raymond Alexanian. "2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) and Cyclophosphamide (Cy) Alone or in Combination with Rituximab (Rit) for Previously Untreated Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM)." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1476.1476.
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Abstract Between 3/96-11/03 we treated 62 consecutive, newly diagnosed pts with symptomatic WM with either 2-CdA 1.5 mg/m2 sc tid x 7d + Cy 40 mg/m2 po bid x 7d (35 pts, 3/96-2/99) or with identical doses of 2-CdA and cyclophosphamide + Rit 375 mg/m2 IV q wk x 4 wk (27 pts, 11/98-11/03). For both regimens a second and final course was repeated after 6 weeks. Partial response (PR), defined by at least 50% reduction of monoclonal IgM, adenopathy, and organomegaly, was noted in 83% (29 pts) of pts treated with 2-CdA-Cy and 81% (22 pts) with 2-CdA-Cy-Rit; complete disappearance of clonal evidence of disease (CR) by negative serum and urine immunofixation, bone marrow, and CT scan was noted in 6% (2 pts) treated with 2-CdA-Cy and 11% (3 pts) with 2-CdA-Cy-Rit. Overall response rate was 89% and 93% for 2-CdA-Cy and 2-CdA-Cy-Rit, respectively. Responding patients were followed without further treatment until relapse, defined by a 25% increase in M-protein from nadir, or recurrence of adenopathy or organomegaly. Median time to remission was similar at 2.5 mos for 2-CdA-Cy and 2.4 months for 2-CdA-Cy-Rit (p.42), but time to treatment failure (TTF) appeared longer for 2-Cda-Cy-Rit (med. 64.2 mos) than for 2-CdA-Cy (med. 31.4 mos) (p.20). Since many pts have not required retreatment for symptomatic disease at the time of relapse, we also evaluated time to retreatment (TTRT) as a separate endpoint. The median time to retreatment (TTRT) has not been reached with 2-CdA-Cy-Rit, in comparison with a median TTRT of 51.2 mos with 2-CdA-Cy (p<.01), illustrating the prolonged period of stability after limited treatment with either 2-CdA combination and the superiority of added rituximab. Median overall survival has not been reached with either regimen since only 27% of all pts have died. Both treatment regimens were associated with minimal toxicity, high response rate, long duration of unmaintained remission, even longer time to the need for retreatment, and long survival. Thus treatment with a limited 2-CdA regimen represents the therapy of choice, in our opinion, for previously untreated, symptomatic WM.
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Bedoya, Óscar. "Detección de homólogos remotos usando propiedades fisicoquímicas." Revista EIA 14, no. 27 (September 12, 2017): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24050/reia.v14i27.1161.
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En este artículo se presenta un nuevo método para la detección de homólogos remotos en proteínas llamado CDA (Análisis de Distribución de Característica). El método CDA utiliza distribuciones de las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los aminoácidos para cada proteína. Dadas las secuencias de entrenamiento de una familia SCOP (Clasificación Estructural de Proteínas), se calcula su correspondiente distribución característica promediando los valores de las distribuciones para las proteínas que la componen. La hipótesis en esta investigación es que cada familia de proteínas F tiene una distribución característica que separa sus secuencias del resto de las proteínas en un conjunto de datos. Se seleccionó un conjunto de 72 propiedades fisicoquímicas para crear diferentes distribuciones características de la misma familia. Cada distribución característica se usa como un clasificador de familias SCOP. Por último, se utiliza una clasificador Bayesiano para combinar la información de los clasificadores individuales y obtener una mejor decisión. Encontramos que cada familia tiene un conjunto de propiedades fisicoquímicas que permiten una mejor discriminación de sus secuencias. El método CDA alcanza una tasa de aciertos positivos de 0,793, una tasa de falsos positivos de 0,005 y un puntaje ROC de 0,918. El método propuesto mejora la precisión de algunas de las estrategias existentes tales como SVM-PCD y SVM-RQA.
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Araujo, Maria das Graças Pereira, Victor lima Soares, Alessandra Suelen Jardim Silva, Gustavo Henrique de Medeiros Oliveira, Lenilton Silva DA Silva Júnior, Hugo Henrique de Freitas Ferreira, Rodrigo Villar Freitas, et al. "Importance of Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Sezary Syndrome in the State of Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-143378.
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Introduction:Sézary Syndrome (SS) is a leukemic form of Fungal Mycosis (FM), a rare form of T-cell lymphoma, characterized by erythroderma, generalized lymphadenopathy and infiltration of neoplastic T cells (Sézary cells) with cerebriform nucleus on the skin, lymph nodes and peripheral blood, being observed predominantly in men and individuals over the age of 60 and black. In the diagnosis of SS / FM, at least one of the criteria must be observed: minimum absolute Sézary cells count of 1000/mm3, expansion of TCD4+ cells with a ratio CD4/CD8 >10, loss of at least one mature T cell antigens as CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7 and CD26 in associated with increased lymphocyte count with evidence of a clone of circulating TCD4 cells determined by flow cytometry (CF).Objective:To investigate MF/SS in patients diagnosed with cutaneous lymphoma by CF immunophenotyping. Methodology: Were investigated in samples of peripheral blood (SP) from 11 patients of both sexes with initial history of MF and confection of SS due to the presence of Sézary cells by cytomorphological analysis by CF constituted by a panel of conjugated monoclonal antibodies (AcMo) to fluorochromes and targeted to T lymphocytes: CD1a, CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7, subpopulation T-Helper (CD3+/CD4+) and T-cytotoxic (CD3+/CD8+), in addition to TCR a/b and TCR g/d; Natural Killer cells: CD16-56; B lymphocytes: CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, IgM, IgG, IgD anti-kappa and anti-lambda, in addition to CD10, TdT, CD103, CD25, CD38 and CD138, CD45 and CD14. At the same time, a complete blood count with differential white blood cell count and investigation of clinical and demographic data such as age, sex and ethnicity/race were also performed. Results: Of the patients analyzed, 6/11 were male, the age group above 60 years and white individuals were also found in 6/11 patients. The blood count showed lymphocytosis in 9/11 patients with the presence of convoluted cells in all cases. The diagnosis of SS was confirmed by the presence of Sezary cells in PB counting above 1000/mm3, with an immunophenotype confirmed by the predominance of TCD4+ lymphocytes (CD4/CD8 ratio > 10.0), associated with the expression of CD5, CD2, TCR a/b, CD3 weakly expressed. CD7 was absent in 10/11 samples analyzed. Antigens related to B lymphocytes and NK cells were absent in neoplastic cells as well as CD10, TdT and CD1a.Conclusions:SS is a leukemic variant of FM, characterized by exfoliative erythroderma, associated with lymphadenopathy and leukemization of FM with the appearance of Sézary cells in PB. Because it is a rare and essential disease, an accurate diagnosis of these diseases is necessary, and FC is an important diagnostic confirmation tool for SS. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Caridade, Sónia, Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e Sousa, and Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis. "Cyber and Offline Dating Abuse in a Portuguese Sample: Prevalence and Context of Abuse." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10100152.
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The increasing use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and networking has promoted the occurrence of different forms of victimization, specifically in terms of interpersonal interaction (e.g., cyberbullying or online risk-taking behaviour), which also includes cyber dating abuse (CDA). Some studies report that CDA is an extension of offline dating abuse (ODA). Because Portuguese studies in this area are scarce, this study aims to bridge this knowledge gap, seeking to investigate the extent and the context of CDA occurrence, and the relationship between CDA and all forms of ODA, i.e., physical, verbal–emotional and control. A convenience sample of 173 Portuguese adolescents and young adults was studied. This sample is mostly female (86.7%), has a mean (M) age of 25.36 years old and a standard deviation (SD) of 6.88 years of age. The results show that CDA and ODA among the Portuguese are very prevalent and related. Control (31.8 vs. 20.8%) and verbal–emotional ODA (26.7 vs. 20.2%) as well as control CDA (38.2 vs. 43.4%) were the most prevalent forms of abuse, either in terms of victimization or in terms of perpetration. The results also showed that CDA usually appears in a context of jealousy, also explaining control CDA and CDA direct aggression. A significant relationship between control CDA and CDA direct aggression and physical, verbal–emotional and control ODA was found. Experiencing control and verbal–emotional ODA are the main risk factors of control CDA victimization. This study allows to lay the groundwork for further research on dating victimization and perpetration through ICT, and has important practical implications at the level of Portuguese prevention strategies and intervention policies, thus emphasizing the role of the official authorities and the law itself.
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Mercier, Cédric, Raphaelle Fanciullino, Cindy Serdjebi, Joseph Ciccolini, Bertrand Pourroy, Gerard Milano, L’Houcine Ouafik, and Régis T. Costello. "Cytidine Deaminase Status As a Predictive Marker Of Response and Toxicity In Patients With Haematological Malignancies Treated With Azacytidine Or Cytarabine." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3862.3862.
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Abstract Background Cytarabine and azacytidine are mainstays for treating haematological malignancies. As most nucleosidic analogs, both azacytidine and cytarabine are metabolized in the liver by an exclusive enzymatic step driven by cytidine deaminase (CDA). CDA expression polymorphism has been associated with clinical outcome in patients treated with gemcitabine. Methods We determined CDA levels in 39 adult patients (16F, 23M, mean age 77 years), treated mainly for AML and myelodysplastic syndromes with either aza-cytidine or a cytarabine-containing regimen. Response and treatment-related toxicities were monitored following current standards. In addition, impact of CDA status on azacytidine tolerance was evaluated in mice with or without CDA deficiency, as a proof of concept for the actual implication of metabolic deregulations in the toxicities observed in patients. Results In patients, mean CDA activity was 3.7 +/-2.8 U/mg (min: 1, max: 14.8 U/mg). Ten out of 39 patients (i.e., 25%) had low CDA activities and were considered as poor metabolizers (PM). Conversely, 8 patients (i.e., 20%) displayed high CDA activities (i.e., > 6U/mg) and were considered as high metabolizers (HM). PM showed severe toxicities, including two toxic-deaths. Conversely, HM showed little efficacy when treated with either azacytidine or cytarabine. In mice with CDA-deficiency, standard dose azacytidine led to profound and long-lasting neutropenia, as compared with normal mice. Drug monitoring confirmed that individuals with low CDA activity and toxicities showed higher concentrations of azacytidine as compared with normal individuals. Conclusions this study suggests that CDA status could be a relevant marker for predicting clinical outcome in patients treated with either azacytidine or cytarabine. CDA status could be further used as a covariate to tailor drug dosage so as to ensure an optimal efficacy/toxicity balance in patients with haematological malignancies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Liliemark, J., F. Albertioni, M. Hassan, and G. Juliusson. "On the bioavailability of oral and subcutaneous 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine in humans: alternative routes of administration." Journal of Clinical Oncology 10, no. 10 (October 1992): 1514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1992.10.10.1514.
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PURPOSE The antimetabolite 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CdA) is a promising alternative to alkylating agents for the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders. Its use, however, is hampered by the need for intravenous (IV) administration. The aim of the present study was to determine the bioavailability of subcutaneously (SC) and orally administered CdA, and to establish an oral dose of CdA that could supersede IV administration. PATIENTS AND METHODS A previously developed high-performance liquid chromatography method was used for the determination of plasma CdA concentrations in 13 patients. Ten patients were treated on alternate days with 0.14 mg/kg/d CdA as a 2-hour IV infusion or by a SC injection. Three of these patients were also given 0.14 mg/kg CdA orally in enteric-coated capsules. Ten patients were administered CdA orally that was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) after treatment with 20 mg omeprazole 1 and 6 hours before the administration of CdA. RESULTS The bioavailability of SC CdA was 102% +/- 28% (mean +/- SD), and the bioavailability of CdA administered in enteric-coated capsules was 19%, 24%, and 60%. In the three patients who were given 0.14 mg/kg orally dissolved in PBS, the bioavailability was 48% +/- 8%, whereas in the seven patients who received 0.28 mg/kg, the bioavailability was 55% +/- 17%. In the 10 patients who were treated with the CdA solution orally, the coefficients of variation of the areas under the curve (AUCs) after oral and IV administration were similar. Thus, oral administration did not add to the interindividual variability. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that orally administered CdA can supersede IV infusion if the dose is doubled. SC administration gives a high peak concentration of short duration with an AUC identical to that of IV infusion. Thus, SC injection can also be used as an alternative to IV infusion.
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Wu, Junjie, Gengxi Jiang, Yutao Li, Xuedong Du, Hongmei Tao, Xing Tang, Da Lou, Yue Lin, Chong Bai, and Chris Chang Yu. "A novel CDA liquid biopsy technology for effective non-small cell lung cancer diagnosis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e23131-e23131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e23131.
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e23131 Background: Cancer Differentiation Analysis liquid biopsy (CDA) has been investigated as a viable clinical utility in NSCLC diagnosis, as well as a new candidate for part of an overall post-CT scan clinical diagnostic and treatment decision tool kit. It has been also evaluated in NSCLC diagnosis, combined with imaging technologies. Methods: This was a retrospective investigation in which 160 individuals were recruited at Changhai Hospital of Shanghai from July to Dec. in 2014. CDA and CT scan tests were performed on all samples before final confirmation by biopsy. For CDA tests, peripheral blood was drawn in EDTA tubes before operation. A performance predication model of CDA and CT scan test results was built using pROC package in R Language for the data of Area Under the Curve (AUC) and CDA threshold values. Further analysis was carried out based on the CDA threshold values. Results: Out of the 160 individuals, 40 were diagnosed as benign lung diseases selected as control group, 120 were confirmed as NSCLC by pathology. CDA and CT test data along with epidemiological information were collected and complied. Details of other statistical results were given in the Table below. Conclusions: CDA liquid biopsy is a novel, multi-level, multi-parameter based disease diagnosis technology with improvements in multiple areas including but not limited to higher sensitivity and specificity, ability to diagnose cancer early, no side effects, and covering a wide range of cancer sites. Results showed that AUC values of CDA were higher than those of CT scan for all NSCLC stage groups. CDA plus CT scan combination has the highest average AUC value for all stages. CDA test can provide more accurate and reliable diagnostic information and data for oncologists in making crucial clinical decisions. It is expected that CDA liquid biopsy technology will play an important and critical role in NSCLC diagnosis. [Table: see text]
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Vasconcellos, R. S., A. C. Carciofi, L. D. Oliveira, F. Prada, and G. T. Pereira. "Utilização de indicadores para estimar a digestibilidade aparente em gatos." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 59, no. 2 (April 2007): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352007000200029.
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Compararam-se os métodos de coleta total (CT) e dos indicadores óxido crômico (Cr2O3), cinzas insolúveis em ácido (CIA) e lignina na determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos nutrientes para gatos. Os CDA de quatro rações foram determinados pela CT e estimados pelos diferentes indicadores em teste. Foram utilizados 24 gatos adultos castrados, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas individuais, totalizando seis animais por ração. O experimento seguiu um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as rações as parcelas, os métodos as subparcelas e cada gato uma unidade experimental. Os CDA foram significativamente menores pelo método da lignina em uma das rações estudadas (P<0,05). Os métodos Cr2O3, CIA e CT resultaram em CDA iguais em todas as rações (P>0,05). As taxas de recuperação dos indicadores, médias±erro-padrão da média, foram, respectivamente, de 97,1±2,5%, 97,3±2,9% e 83,9±9,1% para o Cr2O3, CIA e lignina. A CIA e o Cr2O3 mostraram grande potencial para utilização como indicadores, enquanto a ampla variabilidade dos resultados obtidos com a utilização da lignina não justificou seu emprego como substância índice para felinos.
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Greenberg, JM, and JH Kersey. "Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression can precede T cell receptor beta chain and gamma chain rearrangement in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Blood 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.1.356.356.
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Abstract The nuclear enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is thought to contribute to the diversity of certain immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements through the addition of random nucleotides at their variable (V)-joining (J) region junctions. An acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with an immature T cell phenotype (CD7+, CD5+, CD1+/-, CD2+/-, CD3-, CD4-, CD8-) was found to be TdT+ with germline immunoglobulin heavy chain, T cell receptor beta chain, and T cell gamma chain genes. The data indicate that TdT expression can precede T gamma and T beta rearrangement during T lymphoid ontogeny consistent with its proposed association with the T cell receptor rearrangement process. Southern analysis of certain cases of T-ALL may not result in the detection of a monoclonal population of cells.
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Greenberg, JM, and JH Kersey. "Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression can precede T cell receptor beta chain and gamma chain rearrangement in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Blood 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.1.356.bloodjournal691356.
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The nuclear enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is thought to contribute to the diversity of certain immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements through the addition of random nucleotides at their variable (V)-joining (J) region junctions. An acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with an immature T cell phenotype (CD7+, CD5+, CD1+/-, CD2+/-, CD3-, CD4-, CD8-) was found to be TdT+ with germline immunoglobulin heavy chain, T cell receptor beta chain, and T cell gamma chain genes. The data indicate that TdT expression can precede T gamma and T beta rearrangement during T lymphoid ontogeny consistent with its proposed association with the T cell receptor rearrangement process. Southern analysis of certain cases of T-ALL may not result in the detection of a monoclonal population of cells.
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Ghose, Chandrabali, Anuj Kalsy, Alaullah Sheikh, Julianne Rollenhagen, Manohar John, John Young, Sean M. Rollins, et al. "Transcutaneous Immunization with Clostridium difficile Toxoid A Induces Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses and Toxin A-Neutralizing Antibodies in Mice." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 6 (March 19, 2007): 2826–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00127-07.
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ABSTRACT Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea. C. difficile produces two toxins (A and B), and systemic and mucosal anti-toxin A antibodies prevent or limit C. difficile-associated diarrhea. To evaluate whether transcutaneous immunization with formalin-treated C. difficile toxin A (CDA) induces systemic and mucosal anti-CDA immune responses, we transcutaneously immunized three cohorts of mice with CDA with or without immunoadjuvantative cholera toxin (CT) on days 0, 14, 28, and 42. Mice transcutaneously immunized with CDA and CT developed prominent anti-CDA and anti-CT immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA responses in serum and anti-CDA and anti-CT IgA responses in stool. Sera from immunized mice were able to neutralize C. difficile toxin A activity in an in vitro cell culture assay. CDA itself demonstrated adjuvant activity and enhanced both serum and stool anti-CT IgA responses. Our results suggest that transcutaneous immunization with CDA toxoid may be a feasible immunization strategy against C. difficile, an important cause of morbidity and mortality against which current preventative strategies are failing.