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Journal articles on the topic 'CDCL'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Linti, Gerald, Heinrich Nöth, and Martina Thomann. "Metal Tetrahydroborates and Tetrahydroborato Metalates, 15 [1]. An 11B and 113Cd NMR Study of MBH4–CdCl2 Systems in Dimethylformamide and the X-Ray Structure of CdCl2 · 2 DMF." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 1463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-1101.

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CdCl2 dissociates in dimethylformamide into the species Cd(DMF)62+, CdCl(DMF)5+ and CdCl3- as determined by 113Cd NMR spectroscopy. 11B and 113Cd NMR spectra of MBH4/CdCl2 solutions in this solvent show the presence of complexes [CdCl2-n(BH4)n+1]- with rapid exchange of BH4- and Cl- at ambient temperature. There is no evidence that Cd(BH4)2 is formed in a metathetical reaction.The crystal structure of CdCl2 · 2 DMF has been determined. It is a coordination polymer containing hexacoordinated Cd atoms with the DMF molecules in cis-position. Coordination of DMF occurs via the carbonyl oxygen atoms.

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2

Vinyals, Marc. "Hard Examples for Common Variable Decision Heuristics." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 02 (April 3, 2020): 1652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i02.5527.

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The CDCL algorithm for SAT is equivalent to the resolution proof system under a few assumptions, one of them being an optimal non-deterministic procedure for choosing the next variable to branch on. In practice this task is left to a variable decision heuristic, and since the so-called VSIDS decision heuristic is considered an integral part of CDCL, whether CDCL with a VSIDS-like heuristic is also equivalent to resolution remained a significant open question.We give a negative answer by building a family of formulas that have resolution proofs of polynomial size but require exponential time to decide in CDCL with common heuristics such as VMTF, CHB, and certain implementations of VSIDS and LRB.

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3

Zhang, Yan, Xiaolong Xu, Shanshan Zhu, Jiajia Song, Xincheng Yan, and Shang Gao. "Combined toxicity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and cadmium chloride in mice." Toxicology Research 5, no. 5 (2016): 1309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tx00190d.

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4

Bonet, M. L., S. Buss, and J. Johannsen. "Improved Separations of Regular Resolution from Clause Learning Proof Systems." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 49 (April 23, 2014): 669–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4260.

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This paper studies the relationship between resolution and conflict driven clause learning (CDCL) without restarts, and refutes some conjectured possible separations. We prove that the guarded, xor-ified pebbling tautology clauses, which Urquhart proved are hard for regular resolution, as well as the guarded graph tautology clauses of Alekhnovich, Johannsen, Pitassi, and Urquhart have polynomial size pool resolution refutations that use only input lemmas as learned clauses. For the latter set of clauses, we extend this to prove that a CDCL search without restarts can refute these clauses in polynomial time, provided it makes the right choices for decision literals and clause learning. This holds even if the CDCL search is required to greedily process conflicts arising from unit propagation. This refutes the conjecture that the guarded graph tautology clauses or the guarded xor-ified pebbling tautology clauses can be used to separate CDCL without restarts from general resolution. Together with subsequent results by Buss and Kolodziejczyk, this means we lack any good conjectures about how to establish the exact logical strength of conflict-driven clause learning without restarts.

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5

Chowdhury, Md Solimul, Martin Müller, and Jia You. "Guiding CDCL SAT Search via Random Exploration amid Conflict Depression." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 02 (April 3, 2020): 1428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i02.5500.

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The efficiency of Conflict Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) SAT solving depends crucially on finding conflicts at a fast rate. State-of-the-art CDCL branching heuristics such as VSIDS, CHB and LRB conform to this goal. We take a closer look at the way in which conflicts are generated over the course of a CDCL SAT search. Our study of the VSIDS branching heuristic shows that conflicts are typically generated in short bursts, followed by what we call a conflict depression phase in which the search fails to generate any conflicts in a span of decisions. The lack of conflict indicates that the variables that are currently ranked highest by the branching heuristic fail to generate conflicts. Based on this analysis, we propose an exploration strategy, called expSAT, which randomly samples variable selection sequences in order to learn an updated heuristic from the generated conflicts. The goal is to escape from conflict depressions expeditiously. The branching heuristic deployed in expSAT combines these updates with the standard VSIDS activity scores. An extensive empirical evaluation with four state-of-the-art CDCL SAT solvers demonstrates good-to-strong performance gains with the expSAT approach.

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6

Ekhoye, Ehitare Ikekhuamen, Samson Eshikhokhale Olerimi, and Santos Ehizokhale Ehebha. "Comparison of the deleterious effects of yaji and cadmium chloride on testicular physiomorphological and oxidative stress status: The gonadoprotective effects of an omega-3 fatty acid." Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 47, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2019.03517.

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Objective: This study investigated testicular oxidative stress status and physiomorphological function in Wistar rats fed with yaji and cadmium chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>).Methods: Sixty male albino Wistar rats (12 per group) were randomly assigned to five groups: group I (control), group II (300 mg/kg.bw of yaji), group III (500 mg/kg.bw of yaji), group IV (2.5 mg/kg.bw of CdCl<sub>2</sub>), and group V (2.5 mg/kg.bw of yaji+4 mg/kg.bw omega-3). Each group was evenly subdivided into two subgroups and treatment was administered for 14 days and 42 days, respectively. Semen quality (sperm count, progressive motility, normal morphology, and gonadosomatic index), hormones (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone), testicular oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malonaldehyde) and testicular histomorphological features were examined.Results: Yaji caused significant (<i>p</i>< 0.05) dose- and duration-dependent reductions in semen quality, the gonadosomatic index, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. Yaji also caused significant (<i>p</i>< 0.05) dose- and duration-dependent decreases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as increased testicular malonaldehyde levels. Yaji induced distortions in the testicular histological architecture. CdCl<sub>2</sub> damaged testicular function by significantly (<i>p</i>< 0.05) reducing semen quality, reproductive hormone levels, and oxidative stress markers in albino Wistar rats. CdCl<sub>2</sub> also altered the histology of the testis.Conclusion: This study shows that yaji sauce has similar anti-fertility effects to those of CdCl<sub>2</sub>, as it adversely interferes with male reproduction by impairing oxidative stress markers and the function and morphological features of the testis.

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7

LIU, NIANQING, HANRU SHAO, PENG LIU, QING XU, JUXIANG PAN, YINGRONG WU, DONGXIN MA, and JINYUAN ZHAO. "ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN KIDNEY OF RATS TREATED WITH CdCL2 BY MICRO-SXRF." International Journal of PIXE 06, no. 01n02 (January 1996): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083596000442.

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A micro-scanning technique of SXRF (Synchrotron Radiation X-ray fluorescence) combined with multivariate statistical analysis was employed. The elements positional distribution in the kidney tissues of tree groups of Wistar rats (1, normal; 2, treated by CdCl 2; 3, Cd exposed rats treated with new complex) were obtained. The results show that Cd mainly distribute in the renal cortex of rat treated by CdCl 2. The level of Cd in the renal medulla is very low or not detectable. The elements measured in renal cortex of normal rat can be classified into two groups, Cu, Zn, Mn and Se belong to the same group. In acute CdCl 2 poisoning, Cd and Se have a very strong correlation, and the classification is different from normal renal cortex. After administration of a new chelator, Zn and Se have a very strong co-location and correlation, the classification of elements tend to return to normal distribution.

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8

Wang, Jing, Xinping Yang, Jinhu Wang, Chi Xu, Wandi Zhang, Rutao Liu, and Wansong Zong. "Probing the binding interaction between cadmium(ii) chloride and lysozyme." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 4 (2016): 3738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj02911b.

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9

Caldwell, J., and SG Emerson. "Interleukin-1 alpha upregulates tumor necrosis factor receptors expressed by a human bone marrow stromal cell strain: implications for cytokine redundancy and synergy." Blood 86, no. 9 (November 1, 1995): 3364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.9.3364.bloodjournal8693364.

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To explore the biochemical and physiologic basis of the overlapping effects of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) on myeloid cytokine production, we have studied the dynamics of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production as well as IL-1 receptor and TNF receptor expression in a clonally derived bone marrow stromal cell strain (CDCL). IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha act in a synergistic manner to stimulate G-CSF and GM-CSF production by CDCL, resulting in an increase in CSF secretion that is 250-fold greater than that observed with either cytokine alone. This synergism in protein secretion is paralleled by synergistic increases the steady-state level of GM- and G-CSF mRNA, with supra-additive levels achieved by 24 hours. Coincident with this synergistic induction of myeloid CSFs, treatment of CDCL cells with IL-1 alpha induces a 300% increase in the expression of TNF receptors. IL-1 alpha induction of TNF receptors reaches a peak after 6 hours and gradually returns to baseline level by 24 hours. IL-1 alpha does not affect TNF receptor ligand binding affinity. A kinetic study comparing IL-1/TNF synergistic induction of growth factor secretion with IL-1 alpha induction of TNF receptors shows that these events occur in parallel. In contrast with the induction of TNF receptors by IL-1 alpha, treatment with TNF alpha has no effect on either the number of IL-1 receptors expressed by CDCL cells or IL-1 receptor ligand binding affinity. Brief treatment of IL-1 alpha/TNF alpha-stimulated CDCL cells with cycloheximide before receptor induction reduces the synergistic increase in growth factor mRNA by 40% to 60% compared with cells not treated with CHX. Taken together, these results raise the possibility that IL-1 alpha cross-induction of TNF receptors may contribute to the biochemical mechanisms underlying the synergistic stimulation of G-CSF and GM-CSF production by IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha.

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10

DODARO, CARMINE, and FRANCESCO RICCA. "The External Interface for Extending WASP." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 20, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068418000558.

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Answer set programming (ASP) is a successful declarative formalism for knowledge representation and reasoning. The evaluation of ASP programs is nowadays based on the conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) backtracking search algorithm. Recent work suggested that the performance of CDCL-based implementations can be considerably improved on specific benchmarks by extending their solving capabilities with custom heuristics and propagators. However, embedding such algorithms into existing systems requires expert knowledge of the internals of ASP implementations. The development of effective solver extensions can be made easier by providing suitable programming interfaces. In this paper, we present the interface for extending the CDCL-based ASP solver wasp. The interface is both general, that is, it can be used for providing either new branching heuristics or propagators, and external, that is, the implementation of new algorithms requires no internal modifications of wasp. Moreover, we review the applications of the interface witnessing it can be successfully used to extend wasp for solving effectively hard instances of both real-world and synthetic problems.

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11

van der Tak, Peter, Antonio Ramos, and Marijn Heule. "Reusing the Assignment Trail in CDCL Solvers." Journal on Satisfiability, Boolean Modeling and Computation 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2011): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sat190082.

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12

Tao, Chong, Calvin Mukarakate, and Scott A. Reid. "Electronic spectroscopy of the system of CDCl." Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 241, no. 2 (February 2007): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2006.12.001.

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13

Bryan, Laura, Michael Henry, Niall Barron, Clair Gallagher, Ronan M. Kelly, Christopher C. Frye, Matthew D. Osborne, Martin Clynes, and Paula Meleady. "Differential expression of miRNAs and functional role of mir-200a in high and low productivity CHO cells expressing an Fc fusion protein." Biotechnology Letters 43, no. 8 (June 16, 2021): 1551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03153-7.

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Abstract Objectives We used miRNA and proteomic profiling to understand intracellular pathways that contribute to high and low specific productivity (Qp) phenotypes in CHO clonally derived cell lines (CDCLs) from the same cell line generation project. Results Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified which are predicted to target several proteins associated with protein folding. MiR-200a was found to have a number of predicted targets associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR) which were shown to have decreased expression in high Qp CDCLs and have no detected change at the mRNA level. MiR-200a overexpression in a CHO CDCL was found to increase recombinant protein titer by 1.2 fold and Qp by 1.8 fold. Conclusion These results may suggest a role for miR-200a in post-transcriptional regulation of the UPR, presenting miR-200a as a potential target for engineering industrially attractive CHO cell phenotypes.

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14

Chivers, Tristram, and Gabriele Schatte. "Cadmium complexes of the tripodal [Te(N-t-Bu)3]2 dianion and the HgCl2 adduct of a tellurium diimide dimer." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 1307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-147.

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The reactions of CdCl2 or HgCl2 with {Li2[Te(N-t-Bu)3]}2 in n-hexaneTHF give rise to two distinctly different types of product. In the former case the complexes [Li(THF)x][(CdCl)3{Te(N-t-Bu)3}2] (7a (x = 4), 7b (x = 3)) are obtained. The tetrasolvated complex 7a is a solvent-separated ion pair. The trisolvated complex 7b is a contact ion pair in which the fourth coordination site at the Li+ centre is occupied by one of the Cl ligands of the anion. The polycyclic anion in 7a and 7b is comprised of two tripodal [Te(N-t-Bu)3]2 dianions that exhibit different coordination modes to the three CdCl+ units. One ligand is N,N′-chelated to all three metal centres, and each nitrogen atom bridges two Cd atoms, whereas the other is bonded in a tris-N-monodentate fashion in 7b. In 7a there is an additional weak Cd-N interaction. The reaction of HgCl2 with {Li2[Te(N-t-Bu)3]}2 produces the adduct [t-BuNTe(µ-N-t-Bu)2TeN-t-Bu]HgCl2 (8), in which the dimeric tellurium diimide ligand in its cis(exo,exo) configuration is N,N′-chelated to mercury. Polymeric strands parallel to the b axis are formed by weak TeCl interactions (3.5248(16) Å, 3.5876(15) Å) involving both Cl atoms, but only one Te atom of the ligand. Key words: imido ligands, cadmium, mercury, tellurium.

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15

Zhang, Hui-Jie, Rui-Qing Fan, Xin-Ming Wang, Ping Wang, Yu-Lei Wang, and Yu-Lin Yang. "Preparation, characterization, and properties of PMMA-doped polymer film materials: a study on the effect of terbium ions on luminescence and lifetime enhancement." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 6 (2015): 2871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt03348e.

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16

Zhang, Tie, Cheng Chen, Wan-Ying Zhang, Qiong Ye, and Da-Wei Fu. "Heat-sensitive structural phase transitions of hybrid halide perovskite with double dielectric ON/OFF switches." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 9 (2018): 2340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qi00447a.

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17

Qi, Zhikai, Yali Chen, Yao Guo, Xuelian Yang, Fu-Qiang Zhang, Guojun Zhou, and Xian-Ming Zhang. "Broadband white-light emission in a one-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid cadmium chloride with face-sharing CdCl6 octahedral chains." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 1 (2021): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc04731g.

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18

Wang, Jing, Jinhu Wang, Wei Song, Xinping Yang, Wansong Zong, and Rutao Liu. "Molecular mechanism investigation of the neutralization of cadmium toxicity by transferrin." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 5 (2016): 3536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp06100h.

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19

Hsu, Hsien-Yi, Li Ji, Chengxi Zhang, Chun Hong Mak, Rugeng Liu, Tie Wang, Xingli Zou, Shao-Yuan Leu, and Edward T. Yu. "Ultra-stable 2D layered methylammonium cadmium trihalide perovskite photoelectrodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 43 (2018): 11552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc02153h.

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20

Ku, Min-Yen, Shing-Jong Huang, Shou-Ling Huang, Yi-Hung Liu, Chien-Chen Lai, Shie-Ming Peng, and Sheng-Hsien Chiu. "Hemicarceplex formation allows ready identification of the isomers of the metallofullerene Sc3N@C80using1H and13C NMR spectroscopy." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 79 (2014): 11709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc04695a.

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21

Yadav, Ruchika, Diptikanta Swain, Partha P. Kundu, Harikrishnan S. Nair, Chandrabhas Narayana, and Suja Elizabeth. "Dielectric and Raman investigations of structural phase transitions in (C2H5NH3)2CdCl4." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 18 (2015): 12207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp00906e.

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22

Hua, Xiu-Ni, Ji-Xing Gao, Xiao-Gang Chen, Peng-Fei Li, Guang-Quan Mei, and Wei-Qiang Liao. "Ultrahigh phase transition temperature in a metal–halide perovskite-type material containing unprecedented hydrogen bonding interactions." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 19 (2019): 6621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt00945k.

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An ABX₃ perovskite-type compound (N,N-dimethylethanolammonium)CdCl₃ with hydrogen bonding interactions between organic ammonium cations undergoes a phase transition at super-high temperatures.

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23

Guo, Bing, Xiao Zhang, Yan-Ning Wang, Jing-Jing Huang, Jie-Hui Yu, and Ji-Qing Xu. "New 1-D and 3-D thiocyanatocadmates modified by various amine molecules and Cl−/CH3COO− ions: synthesis, structural characterization, thermal behavior and photoluminescence properties." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 11 (2015): 5095–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt03799e.

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Reactions of CdCl₂/Cd(CH₃COO)₂, SCN⁻ and various organic amines yielded five new thiocyanatocadmates; structural, thermal and photoluminescence properties are reported.

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24

Elffers, Jan, and Jakob Nordstrm. "A Cardinal Improvement to Pseudo-Boolean Solving." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 02 (April 3, 2020): 1495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i02.5508.

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Pseudo-Boolean solvers hold out the theoretical potential of exponential improvements over conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) SAT solvers, but in practice perform very poorly if the input is given in the standard conjunctive normal form (CNF) format. We present a technique to remedy this problem by recovering cardinality constraints from CNF on the fly during search. This is done by collecting potential building blocks of cardinality constraints during propagation and combining these blocks during conflict analysis. Our implementation has a non-negligible but manageable overhead when detection is not successful, and yields significant gains for some SAT competition and crafted benchmarks for which pseudo-Boolean reasoning is stronger than CDCL. It also boosts performance for some native pseudo-Boolean formulas where this approach helps to improve learned constraints.

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Qian, Dong-Jin, Chikashi Nakamura, Tatsuki Wakayama, and Jun Miyake. "Synthesis and multilayer assembly of multiporphyrin arrays at the water-chloroform interface." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 07, no. 06 (June 2003): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424603000537.

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A water-chloroform interface was developed for the synthesis and assembly of the cadmium-mediated multiporphyrin arrays. With the use of a vertical dipping method, multilayers of the multiporphyrin can be deposited onto hydrophobic substrate surfaces. An in situ absorbance measurement at the water-porphyrin chloroform interface revealed a blue shift for the porphyrin Soret band after the addition of CdCl 2 into the water phase. The transferred multilayers showed a broad Soret band from 430 to 442 nm, which is ascribed to monomer-like porphyrin arrangement in the planar layer and aggregates in the interlayer. The orientation angle of porphyrin macrocycles is about 30°. The porphyrin emission properties in the present multilayers are compared to those in the monomer and aggregate prepared from the air-water/ CdCl 2 subphase surfaces.

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26

Zhao, Si-Si, Li Chen, Lei Wang, and Zhigang Xie. "Two tetraphenylethene-containing coordination polymers for reversible mechanochromism." Chemical Communications 53, no. 52 (2017): 7048–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc02139a.

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Two coordination polymers with reversible mechanochromic luminescence properties, which can be further applied as fluorescent sensors, have been assembled with 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)ethane (tppe) and CdCl₂.

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27

Luo, Yongzhi, Yibin Hu, and Yiqun Xie. "Highly polarization-sensitive, visible-blind and self-powered ultraviolet photodetection based on two-dimensional wide bandgap semiconductors: a theoretical prediction." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 48 (2019): 27503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta10473a.

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A self-powered, visible-blind and ultraviolet polarized photodetector driven by the photogalvanic effect based on MgBr₂/CdCl₂ heterostructure war proposed, showing an extinction ratio of up to 280.

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Kantola, Anu M., Perttu Lantto, Ivo Heinmaa, Juha Vaara, and Jukka Jokisaari. "Direct magnetic-field dependence of NMR chemical shift." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 16 (2020): 8485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp01372b.

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Liu, Ting, Zunxi Ning, Yan Yin, Shizhou Qi, and Huiyuan Gao. "Acid-catalyzed transformation of cassane diterpenoids from Caesalpinia bonduc to aromatic derivatives." RSC Advances 11, no. 36 (2021): 22070–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra03636j.

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Transformations of cassane diterpenoids from Caesalpinia bonduc into aromatic derivatives, either in CDCl₃ or in CHCl₃ irradiated with UV light or catalyzed by AlCl₃, were described.

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Townsend, Troy K., William B. Heuer, Edward E. Foos, Eric Kowalski, Woojun Yoon, and Joseph G. Tischler. "Safer salts for CdTe nanocrystal solution processed solar cells: the dual roles of ligand exchange and grain growth." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 24 (2015): 13057–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta02488a.

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The dual role of salt treatment was revealed by replacing conventional CdCl₂ with non-toxic NH₄Cl to simultaneously exchange native ligands and promote grain growth in inorganic CdTe nanocrystal solar cells.

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31

Liu, Yu-Ling, and Wen Zhang. "Cation-templated cyanometallate-based supramolecular rectangular cage compounds showing dielectric transitions." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 8 (2017): 1304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7qi00218a.

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Relatively small displacements or thermal vibrations of the polar guests in Cd(ii)–Co(iii) cyanometallate frameworks A₂{H(CdCl₂)[Co(CN)₆]} (A = monovalent cation) induce dielectric transitions and relaxations.

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32

Cheng, Rui, Cailan Zhou, Ning Xu, and Qiang Zhou. "Comprehensive Analysis of Restart Strategies of CDCL SAT Solver." Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics 30, no. 6 (2018): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1089.2018.16694.

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33

Li, Chu-Min, Fan Xiao, Mao Luo, Felip Manyà, Zhipeng Lü, and Yu Li. "Clause vivification by unit propagation in CDCL SAT solvers." Artificial Intelligence 279 (February 2020): 103197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2019.103197.

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34

Gui, Rijun, and Xueqin An. "Layer-by-layer aqueous synthesis, characterization and fluorescence properties of type-II CdTe/CdS core/shell quantum dots with near-infrared emission." RSC Advances 3, no. 43 (2013): 20959–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra43120g.

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A layer-by-layer epitaxial method was developed to synthesize water-soluble, near-infrared (NIR)-emitting type-II core–shell CdTe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) via employing glutathione-capped CdTe QDs as core templates, CdCl₂ and thiourea as shell precursors.

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35

Xu, Cong, Wenjun Zhang, Linsong Gao, Xuecheng Gan, Xiaofan Sun, Zepeng Cui, Hong-Ling Cai, and X. S. Wu. "A high-temperature organic–inorganic ferroelectric with outstanding switchable dielectric characteristics." RSC Adv. 7, no. 76 (2017): 47933–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra10221f.

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A new molecular ferroelectric is discovered in an organic–inorganic hybrid compound, (C₆H₅NH₃)₂CdCl₄, which undergoes a reversible order–disorder ferroelectric phase transition at 369 K.

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36

Santos, Miguel M., Igor Marques, Sílvia Carvalho, Cristina Moiteiro, and Vítor Félix. "Recognition of bio-relevant dicarboxylate anions by an azacalix[2]arene[2]triazine derivative decorated with urea moieties." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 10 (2015): 3070–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob02283a.

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The binding affinity of a dichlorocalix[2]arene[2]triazine based bis-urea azamacrocycle was investigated towards a wide range of bio-relevant dicarboxylate anions by a combination of ¹H NMR titrations in CDCl₃ and molecular dynamics simulations.

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Nazarski, Ryszard B., Piotr Wałejko, and Stanisław Witkowski. "Multi-conformer molecules in solutions: an NMR-based DFT/MP2 conformational study of two glucopyranosides of a vitamin E model compound." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, no. 11 (2016): 3142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ob01865j.

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Overall geometries of both glucosyl derivatives of PMC were found on the basis of their NMR spectra in CDCl₃and relatedδ_H,C/ⁿJ_HHIEF-PCM(UFF,CHCl₃)/DFT calculational results.

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38

Burke, D. J., and D. Church. "Protein synthesis requirements for nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell separation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 7 (July 1991): 3691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.7.3691.

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Protein synthesis inhibitors have often been used to identify regulatory steps in cell division. We used cell division cycle mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two chemical inhibitors of translation to investigate the requirements for protein synthesis for completing landmark events after the G1 phase of the cell cycle. We show, using cdc2, cdc6, cdc7, cdc8, cdc17 (38 degrees C), and cdc21 (also named tmp1) mutants, that cells arrested in S phase complete DNA synthesis but cannot complete nuclear division if protein synthesis is inhibited. In contrast, we show, using cdc16, cdc17 (36 degrees C), cdc20, cdc23, and nocodazole treatment, that cells that arrest in the G2 stage complete nuclear division in the absence of protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is required late in the cell cycle to complete cytokinesis and cell separation. These studies show that there are requirements for protein synthesis in the cell cycle, after G1, that are restricted to two discrete intervals.

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39

Burke, D. J., and D. Church. "Protein synthesis requirements for nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell separation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 7 (July 1991): 3691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.7.3691-3698.1991.

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Protein synthesis inhibitors have often been used to identify regulatory steps in cell division. We used cell division cycle mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two chemical inhibitors of translation to investigate the requirements for protein synthesis for completing landmark events after the G1 phase of the cell cycle. We show, using cdc2, cdc6, cdc7, cdc8, cdc17 (38 degrees C), and cdc21 (also named tmp1) mutants, that cells arrested in S phase complete DNA synthesis but cannot complete nuclear division if protein synthesis is inhibited. In contrast, we show, using cdc16, cdc17 (36 degrees C), cdc20, cdc23, and nocodazole treatment, that cells that arrest in the G2 stage complete nuclear division in the absence of protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is required late in the cell cycle to complete cytokinesis and cell separation. These studies show that there are requirements for protein synthesis in the cell cycle, after G1, that are restricted to two discrete intervals.

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40

Vermeyen, Tom, and Christian Merten. "Solvation and the secondary structure of a proline-containing dipeptide: insights from VCD spectroscopy." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 27 (2020): 15640–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp02283g.

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In this study we investigate the IR and VCD spectra of the diastereomeric dipeptide Boc-Pro-Phe-(n-propyl) 1 in chloroform-d₁ (CDCl₃) and the strongly hydrogen bonding solvent dimethylsulfoxide-d₆ (DMSO-d₆).

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41

DULHUNTY, Angela F., Yamuna KARUNASEKARA, Suzanne M. CURTIS, Peta J. HARVEY, Philip G. BOARD, and Marco G. CASAROTTO. "The recombinant dihydropyridine receptor II–III loop and partly structured ‘C’ region peptides modify cardiac ryanodine receptor activity." Biochemical Journal 385, no. 3 (January 24, 2005): 803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20041152.

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A physical association between the II–III loop of the DHPR (dihydropryidine receptor) and the RyR (ryanodine receptor) is essential for excitation–contraction coupling in skeletal, but not cardiac, muscle. However, peptides corresponding to a part of the II–III loop interact with the cardiac RyR2 suggesting the possibility of a physical coupling between the proteins. Whether the full II–III loop and its functionally important ‘C’ region (cardiac DHPR residues 855–891 or skeletal 724–760) interact with cardiac RyR2 is not known and is examined in the present study. Both the cardiac DHPR II–III loop (CDCL) and cardiac peptide (Cc) activated RyR2 channels at concentrations >10 nM. The skeletal DHPR II–III loop (SDCL) activated channels at ≤100 nM and weakly inhibited at ≥1 μM. In contrast, skeletal peptide (Cs) inhibited channels at all concentrations when added alone, or was ineffective if added in the presence of Cc. Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum was enhanced by CDCL, SDCL and the C peptides. The results indicate that the interaction between the II–III loop and RyR2 depends critically on the ‘A’ region (skeletal DHPR residues 671–690 or cardiac 793–812) and also involves the C region. Structure analysis indicated that (i) both Cs and Cc are random coil at room temperature, but, at 5 °C, have partial helical regions in their N-terminal and central parts, and (ii) secondary-structure profiles for CDCL and SDCL are similar. The data provide novel evidence that the DHPR II–III loop and its C region interact with cardiac RyR2, and that the ability to interact is not isoform-specific.

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42

Levytskyi, Volodymyr, Olivier Isnard, Reinhard K. Kremer, Volodymyr Babizhetskyy, Bruno Fontaine, Xavier Rocquefelte, Jean-François Halet, and Roman Gumeniuk. "Crystal, electronic and magnetic structures of a novel series of intergrowth carbometalates R4Co2C3 (R = Y, Gd, Tb)." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 12 (2021): 4202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt00420d.

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R₄Co₂C₃ (R = Gd, Tb) carbides are magnetic metals and their crystal structures result from the stacking of alternating RCoC (YCoC-type) and R₂C (anti-CdCl₂ type) fragments with a 2 : 1 ratio.

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43

Edwards, James, and Uzi Vishkin. "Study of Fine-grained Nested Parallelism in CDCL SAT Solvers." ACM Transactions on Parallel Computing 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3470639.

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Boolean satisfiability (SAT) is an important performance-hungry problem with applications in many problem domains. However, most work on parallelizing SAT solvers has focused on coarse-grained, mostly embarrassing, parallelism. Here, we study fine-grained parallelism that can speed up existing sequential SAT solvers, which all happen to be of the so-called Conflict-Directed Clause Learning variety. We show the potential for speedups of up to 382× across a variety of problem instances. We hope that these results will stimulate future research, particularly with respect to a computer architecture open problem we present.

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44

Száková, J., V. Zídek, and D. Miholová. "Influence of elevated content of cadmium and arsenic in diet containing feeding yeast on organisms of rats." Czech Journal of Animal Science 54, No. 1 (February 3, 2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1739-cjas.

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The influence of elevated cadmium content in diet on the content of this element in liver, kidney and testes of 68 male rats was studied in dependence on the chemical form of applied cadmium (as inorganic salt – CdCl<sub>2</sub> and organically bound in yeast cells); the influence of elevated arsenic content (as NaAsO<sub>2</sub>) in diet on its content in the same organs was also investigated. The interactions between arsenic and cadmium in the above-mentioned organs were studied. The addition of cadmium to the diet of rats significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) increased cadmium content in several organs. The addition of yeast containing the natural level of Cd increased the content of cadmium in liver and kidney of experimental animals significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05). A significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) increased cadmium accumulation in organs was observed after the addition of Cd as CdCl<sub>2</sub>, compared with the addition of Cd as organically bound Cd in yeast cells. At the same time, the addition of yeasts containing the natural level of Cd decreased the Cd accumulation applied as CdCl2 in the examined organs. The addition of sodium arsenite to the diet of rats led to a significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) increased arsenic content in all the analyzed organs. The addition of yeasts to the diet increased arsenic content in liver and at the same time suppressed its content in kidneys of experimental animals. The interaction between arsenic and cadmium applied simultaneously was evident. The addition of As to the diet decreased the accumulation of Cd in kidney and increased its accumulation in testes. The addition of Cd to the diet increased arsenic content in liver and kidney and decreased its content in testes.

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45

Li, Shen, Giacomo Saielli, and Yanting Wang. "Aggregation behavior of dihexadecylviologen bistriflimide ionic liquid crystal in different solvents: influence of polarity and concentration." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 35 (2018): 22730–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03055c.

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Solutions of dihexadecylviologen bistriflimide in deuterated ACN, DCM and CDCl₃, respectively, were investigated by the combination of ¹H and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, DFT calculations and MD simulation to understand the influence of solvent polarity and solute concentration (10⁻⁵–10⁻¹ M) on its aggregation behavior.

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Mobin, Shaikh M., Veenu Mishra, Dhirendra K. Rai, Krithika Dota, Aditya K. Dharmadhikari, Jayashree A. Dharmadhikari, Deepak Mathur, and Pradeep Mathur. "Varying coordination modes of amide ligand in group 12 Hg(ii) and Cd(ii) complexes: synthesis, crystal structure and nonlinear optical properties." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 4 (2015): 1933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt02111h.

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Reactions of the amide ligand H2L with CdCl₂ and Hg(CH₃COO)₂, in 1 : 1 ratio, at 298 K yield dimeric [Hg(L)]₂ (1) and trimeric [Cd₃(H₂L)₄Cl₆] (2), respectively.

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47

Кондратьев, В. С., А. А. Семенов, and О. С. Заикин. "Duplicates of conflict clauses in CDCL derivation and their usage to invert some cryptographic functions." Numerical Methods and Programming (Vychislitel'nye Metody i Programmirovanie), no. 1 (January 20, 2019): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26089/nummet.v20r106.

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Изучен феномен повторного порождения конфликтных ограничений SAT-решателями в процессе работы с трудными экземплярами задачи о булевой выполнимости. Данный феномен является следствием применения эвристических механизмов чистки конфликтных баз, которые реализованы во всех современных SAT-решателях, основанных на алгоритме CDCL (Conflict Driven Clause Learning). Описана новая техника, которая позволяет отслеживать повторно порождаемые дизъюнкты и запрещать их последующее удаление. На базе предложенных технических решений построен новый многопоточный SAT-решатель (SAT, SATisfiability), который на ряде SAT-задач, кодирующих обращение криптографических хеш-функций, существенно превзошел по эффективности многопоточные решатели, занимавшие в последние годы высокие места на специализированных соревнованиях. A phenomenon of conflict clauses generated repeatedly by SAT solvers is studied. Such clauses may appear during solving hard Boolean satisfiability problems (SAT). This phenomenon is caused by the fact that the modern SAT solvers are based on the CDCL algorithm that generates conflict clauses. A database of such clauses is periodically and partially cleaned. A new approach for practical SAT solving is proposed. According to this approach, the repeatedly generated conflict clauses are tracked, whereas their further generation is prohibited. Based on this approach, a multithreaded SAT solver was developed. This solver was compared with the best multithreaded SAT solvers awarded during the last SAT competitions. According to the experimental results, the developed solver greatly outperforms its competitors on several SAT instances encoding the inversion of some cryptographic hash functions.

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DODARO, CARMINE, THOMAS EITER, PAUL OGRIS, and KONSTANTIN SCHEKOTIHIN. "Managing caching strategies for stream reasoning with reinforcement learning." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 20, no. 5 (September 2020): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147106842000037x.

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AbstractEfficient decision-making over continuously changing data is essential for many application domains such as cyber-physical systems, industry digitalization, etc. Modern stream reasoning frameworks allow one to model and solve various real-world problems using incremental and continuous evaluation of programs as new data arrives in the stream. Applied techniques use, e.g., Datalog-like materialization or truth maintenance algorithms to avoid costly re-computations, thus ensuring low latency and high throughput of a stream reasoner. However, the expressiveness of existing approaches is quite limited and, e.g., they cannot be used to encode problems with constraints, which often appear in practice. In this paper, we suggest a novel approach that uses the Conflict-Driven Constraint Learning (CDCL) to efficiently update legacy solutions by using intelligent management of learned constraints. In particular, we study the applicability of reinforcement learning to continuously assess the utility of learned constraints computed in previous invocations of the solving algorithm for the current one. Evaluations conducted on real-world reconfiguration problems show that providing a CDCL algorithm with relevant learned constraints from previous iterations results in significant performance improvements of the algorithm in stream reasoning scenarios.

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Tian, Huasheng, Runan Li, Po-Han Lin, and Kamel Meguellati. "Synthesis of a new solvent-responsive pillar[5]arene-based [1]rotaxane molecular machine." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 25 (2020): 10628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj01859g.

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In this work, we designed a new pillar[5]arene-based molecular machine responsive to the polarity of different solvents, which can exist in an interlocked structure in CDCl₃ and CD₃OD, and can exist in an extended form in DMSO and was studied by ¹H and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HR(MS) and fluorescence spectroscopy.

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50

Tang, Xiao-Yan, Hong Yu, Bin-Bin Gao, and Jian-Ping Lang. "[Cd(H2O)6]@{Cd6Cl4(nico)12[Hg(Tab)2(μ-Cl)]2}: a heterometallic host–guest icosidodecahedron cage via hierarchical assembly." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 43 (2017): 14724–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt02679j.

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A reaction of [Hg(Tab)₂(nico)](PF₆) (Tab = 4-(trimethylammonio)benzenethiolate, nico = nicotinate) with equimolar CdCl₂·2.5H₂O afforded a unique heterometallic cage complex [Cd(H₂O)₆]@{Cd₆Cl₄(nico)₁₂[Hg(Tab)₂(μ-Cl)]₂}.

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