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A, Lewis David. Can Israel survive in a hostile world? Green Forest, AR: New Leaf Press, 1994.
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Bergeron, Tom. I'm hosting as fast as I can: Zen and the art of staying sane in Hollywood. New York: HarperOne, 2009.
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I'm hosting as fast as I can!: Zen and the art of staying sane in Hollywood. New York: HarperOne, 2009.
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Sirota, David. Hostile takeover: How big business bought our government and how we can take it back. New York: Crown Publishers, 2006.
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Murav'ev, Dmitriy, Aleksandr Rahmangulov, Nikita Osincev, Sergey Kornilov, and Aleksandr Cyganov. The system "seaport - "dry" port". ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816639.
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The monograph presents an approach to solving the problem of increasing the throughput and processing capacity of seaports in conditions of limiting their territorial dislocation and increasing the unevenness of external and internal cargo flows. The basis of the approach is the proposed system of the main parameters of the dry port and the methodology of simulation modeling of the functioning of the system "seaport - dry port". The material is illustrated with examples of the implementation of the developed approach, including model scenarios of multi-agent optimization of the parameters of the system under study. The proposed approach and the developed methodology can be used to justify management decisions on the balanced development of transport and logistics infrastructure of the regions hosting sea and dry ports.
It is intended for specialists of transport and logistics companies, engineering and technical workers engaged in solving problems in the field of logistics, supply chain management and transport infrastructure design. In addition, it is recommended to students in the following programs: postgraduate studies 23.06.01 "Land transport engineering and technology" (focus "Transport and transport-technological systems of the country, its regions and cities, organization of production in transport") and 27.06.01 "Management in technical systems" (focus "Management of transportation processes"); master's degree 23.04.01 "Technology of transport processes" (profile "Organization of transportation and management in a single transport system"); bachelor's degree 38.03.02 "Management" (profile "Logistics") and 23.03.01 "Technology of transport processes".
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I'm Hosting as Fast as I Can!: Zen and the Art of Staying Sane in Hollywood. HarperOne, 2010.
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Feldman, Lauren. The Hostile Media Effect. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.011.
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The “hostile media effect” occurs when opposing partisans perceive identical news coverage of a controversial issue as biased against their own side. This is a robust phenomenon, which has been empirically demonstrated in numerous experimental and observational studies across a variety of issue contexts and has been shown to have important consequences for democratic society. This chapter reviews the literature on the hostile media effect with an eye toward the theoretical explanations for it, its relationship to other psychological processes, and its broader implications for perceived public opinion, news consumption patterns, attitudes toward democratic institutions, and political discourse and participation. Particular attention is paid to how the hostile media phenomenon can help explain the public’s eroding trust in the news media and the recent polarization among news audiences. The chapter concludes with several suggestions for future research.
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Feldman, Lauren. The Hostile Media Effect. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.011_update_001.
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The “hostile media effect” occurs when opposing partisans perceive identical news coverage of a controversial issue as biased against their own side. This is a robust phenomenon, which has been empirically demonstrated in numerous experimental and observational studies across a variety of issue contexts and has been shown to have important consequences for democratic society. This chapter reviews the literature on the hostile media effect with an eye toward the theoretical explanations for it, its relationship to other psychological processes, and its broader implications for perceived public opinion, news consumption patterns, attitudes toward democratic institutions, and political discourse and participation. Particular attention is paid to how the hostile media phenomenon can help explain the public’s eroding trust in the news media and the recent polarization among news audiences. The chapter concludes with several suggestions for future research.
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MacKay, Naomi, Rebekah MacKay, and Elizabeth MacKay. How to Make Great Money Hosting Speed Dating Events: A Complete Start-Up Guide Anyone Can Follow. Your Choice Dating.com, 2004.
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Zamir, Tzachi. At the Summit. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695088.003.0013.
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The book concludes by specifying the ways whereby, although at some points philosophy and religious poetry must part ways, they nevertheless profit by hosting each other. Two vocations can be mutually enriched not only by finding ways to complement each other, but by appreciating that, while overlapping in many ways, their differences are sometimes irreconcilable. Philosophy gains from enabling the poem to embody a rival paradigm of knowledge as well as a competing view of the place of knowledge in a meaningful existence. Religious poetry is deepened when it permits itself to seriously respond to philosophical questions. An argument is offered regarding why warfare (intellectual warfare) can be beneficial, and why, accordingly, a philosophical reading that preserves and even kindles this war, rather than one that hopes to pacify it, can be revealing.
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Guthrie, Graeme. Fighting back. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190641184.003.0013.
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A board of directors that attempts to defeat a hostile takeover attempt will try to raise the cost and lower the value of the shares the raider needs to complete the takeover. This can be achieved using binding contractual arrangements with the target’s customers, suppliers, and employees, that lower the value of the firm if it is acquired, but do not directly affect it otherwise. Boards resisting a hostile takeover will also issue carefully designed securities to the target’s bondholders and shareholders that have a similar effect. Ultimately, a target’s board can reconfigure the firm’s capital structure to defeat a takeover attempt. This chapter describes the tactics involved using the bitter takeover battle involving Carl Icahn and Lions Gate Entertainment.
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Li, Jing. Investment Terms and Level of Control of China’s Sovereign Wealth Fund in its Portfolio Firms. Edited by Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.11.
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This chapter briefly reviews the literature on sovereighn wealth funds (SWFs) with a focus on their investment characteristics and strategies. It describes the China Investment Corporation (CIC) with particular reference to its connections with the Chinese government. This is followed by analyses of hand-collected data based on 61 M&As, 8 JVs, and 28 fund investments made by the CIC 2007–15. The analyses focus on the formal control (equity stakes, voting rights, director nomination and board representation) of the CIC in its target firms, and on the indirect control benefits that the CIC can extract from them in their long-term post-investment relationships. The findings question the efficacy of proposals forcing SWFs to remain passive by suspending their voting rights, and suggest that SWF hosting countries should carefully consider the necessity and level of regulations directed at SWFs as a particular type of investors to guard against potential protectionism.
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Faith, Thomas I. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038686.003.0001.
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This book documents the institutional history of the Chemical Warfare Service (CWS), the U.S. Army organization responsible for chemical warfare, from its origins in 1917 through Amos A. Fries's departure as CWS chief in 1929. It examines the U.S. chemical warfare program as it developed before the nation began sending soldiers to fight in France during World War I; the American Expeditionary Force's experiences with poison gas on the Western Front; the CWS's struggle to continue its chemical weapons program in a hostile political environment after the war; and CWS efforts to improve its public image as well as its reputation in the military in the first half of the 1920s. The book concludes with an assessment of the CWS's successes and failures in the second half of the 1920s. Through the story of the CWS, the book shows how the autonomy of the military-industrial complex can be limited when policymakers are confronted with pervasive, hostile public opinion.
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Bateman, Benjamin. Wilde’s Messy Messianism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676537.003.0003.
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This chapter argues that the formal inconsistency of Oscar Wilde’s epistolary prison autobiography, De Profundis, offers a precarious narrative form suited to the lived interdependency of queer and persecuted persons. Mixing a lofty celebration of Jesus Christ with personal invective against a sometimes hostile world and an ungrateful lover, Wilde imagines a messianic community inclusive of pain, suffering, and negativity. The thought of contemporary psychoanalyst Michael Eigen is used to theorize Wilde’s project as an effort to enact a world that he can survive and that can survive his attacks against it.
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Babar, Zahra. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608873.003.0001.
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Over the past fifty years, the primary marker differentiating the developmental conditions amongst Middle Eastern states has been the natural endowment, or lack thereof, of petroleum resources. The difference in economic strength between neighboring states has had a profound impact on the dynamics of intra-regional migration. Migration has largely been from the less wealthy states of the Arab world to the small sheikhdoms of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The particular demographic features and economic needs of the states of the GCC have facilitated this enduring pattern of regional migration. Despite the transition in the Gulf’s expatriate labor force to one that is now sourced mostly from South Asia, the continued employment opportunities provided to Arab migrants in the GCC are still of vital importance, particularly because the Middle East is once again in the throes of high levels of conflict. While the Gulf may not be amenable to hosting refugee populations from neighboring Arab states, the desire of Arab workers to find employment in the GCC can only have increased as a result of instability.
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McAllister, Graham. User experience maturity levels. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794844.003.0005.
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As user experience (UX) research in game development becomes more established, many studios are now incorporating UX practices within their studio. However, the maturity level of UX within a studio can vary widely, from those who are hostile towards UX up to those who embrace UX at all levels in the organization. This chapter is for both game developers and Games User Researchers who are interested in assessing where they currently are on a UX maturity scale, and also keen to understand what more could be done to become more player-focused.
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Kaveny, Cathleen. Examples and Rules. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190612290.003.0003.
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This chapter examines Jeffrey Stout’s claim that American constitutional democracy constitutes a well-functioning moral and political tradition that is not hostile to religion, although it does not depend on any specifically religious claims. It argues that the claim can be given additional support by a consideration of well-known cases in contract law. The chapter first shows how contract law can be understood as a MacIntyrean tradition. It then illustrates the mutually interpreting nature of rules and facts, by close attention to a case involving fraud, Syester v. Banta. It concludes by suggesting that both religious and secular ethicists might find common law cases in general and contract-law cases in particular to be a rich source of moral reflection.
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Simmons, J. Aaron. Continental Philosophy. Edited by William J. Abraham and Frederick D. Aquino. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662241.013.3.
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This chapter attempts to outline possible contributions that continental philosophy can make to the epistemology of theology. It begins with an extended engagement with Nicholas Wolterstorff in order to argue that continental philosophy need not be viewed as inherently hostile to philosophical theology. Indeed, there are reasons to think that continental philosophy should be understood as an important resource for philosophical theology and philosophy of religion. With this meta-philosophical framework in place, possible specific ways in which continental philosophy might contribute to discussions concerning the epistemology of theology are then discussed. In particular, the chapter focuses on debates concerning foundationalism, experience, revelation, and realism/anti-realism.
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Myers, Lorna, and John J. Barry. Diagnostic Challenges for the Mental Health Team and Psychiatrist. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0008.
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Establishing a positive therapeutic alliance during the initial psychiatric interview allows the clinician to collect the necessary diagnostic information and can have a significant impact on a patient’s decision to follow up with treatment recommendations once the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is determined. When evaluating a patient with suspected PNES in an out- or inpatient setting, there are a variety of clinician behaviors that can support or obstruct the establishment of a positive therapeutic alliance. Similarly, a number of typical patient characteristics in PNES can affect the psychiatric assessment. In this chapter, these characteristics and behaviors are discussed, a clinician checklist is provided, and dialogue boxes illustrate a few common patient–clinician interactions, hypothetical challenges, and clinician responses. Distinctive challenges, including interaction with specific PNES subtypes (i.e., developmentally delayed, malingering, or hostile patients) and patients who are effectively incapacitated by high event frequency and systemic barriers, are presented.
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Bond, William J. Open Ecosystems. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812456.001.0001.
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This book explores the geography, ecology, and antiquity of ‘open ecosystems’, which include grasslands, savannas, and shrublands. They occur in climates that can support closed forest ecosystems and often form mosaics with forest patches. With the aid of remote sensing, it is now clear that open ecosystems are a global phenomenon and occur over vast areas in climates that could also support forests. This book goes beyond regional narratives and seeks general explanations for their existence. It develops the theme of open ecosystems as being widespread and ancient, with a distinct biota from that of closed forests. It examines hypotheses for their maintenance in climate zones favouring the development of forests, including soils hostile for tree growth, fire, and vertebrate herbivory.
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Dwan, David. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738527.003.0001.
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This chapter considers Orwell’s merits as a political thinker. It shows how his politics can only be understood by examining them in context—alongside contemporary debates about the importance of realism and the drawbacks of moralism in political life. The consistency and power of his views also need to be tested against a broader backdrop of political thought. Orwell was not a systematic thinker and he was famously hostile to intellectuals and theorists; yet the problems he encountered in politics had an irreducible conceptual element. Orwell’s contradictions express his own limitations, but they also expose the limits of justice itself. For justice, it would seem, is many-headed and services different—even incompatible—ends. Orwell’s writings express this conflict, producing a very agonized form of idealism.
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Morel, Domingo. The Implications of State Takeovers for Urban Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678975.003.0005.
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As states increase their presence in localities, what are the enduring implications for urban governance and theories of urban politics? The chapter examines urban regime theory, the dominant urban political theory of the last 30 years, and argues that although urban regime theory is still a relevant framework to analyze urban governance, the changing role of state actors, particularly governors, in urban regimes requires an expansion of urban regime theory as a conceptual framework. The chapter introduces the concept of cohesive and disjointed state-local regimes. The concept proposes that local leaders can best represent the needs of their communities under cohesive state-local regimes, while localities are exposed to less desirable, even hostile, state-led policies under disjointed state-local regimes.
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Lambacher, Jason. The Limits of Freedom and the Freedom of Limits. Edited by Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.27.
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When we conceive of “freedom” as the absence of limitations, it is easy to associate green politics with coercion and restriction. This troubling linkage frames environmentalism as hostile to freedom as such, and even leads many green theorists to doubt its relevance to environmental political theory. Is this, however, a narrow way of thinking about the concept of freedom and its relationship to environmentalism? Can freedom be greened to enhance ways of life that advance environmental goals? There are good reasons to think that it can. Green concepts of freedom not only offer salient critiques of ecologically destructive modes of freedom, they also open up creative aspirations to live autonomously and meaningfullywithinecological constraints. Ignoring the potential of freedom as a productive concept in environmental political theory overlooks powerful sources of motivation, experimentation, and political resonance. Green theorists should therefore work with, and not avoid, discourses of freedom in order to explore visions of individual, social, and ecological flourishing.
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Beiner, Guy. Decommemorating. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198749356.003.0006.
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Commemoration of controversial historical episodes can trigger adverse hostile reactions of ‘decommemorating’, which aim to stamp out memory but in practice signify an oblique form of engaging with remembrance. In the wider context of a fin-de-siècle craze for commemoration, the centenary of the 1798 rebellion was celebrated by nationalists in Ulster in 1898. The commemorations were contested on many levels, showing infighting between rival nationalist factions, as well as conflicts between nationalists and unionists. Overt displays of public remembrance antagonized loyalists, provoking mass rioting and the destruction of a monument for a folk heroine. In turn, renewed interest among cultural revivalists resulted in new productions of cultural memory. Decommemorating triggered a surge of re-commemorating, which came to an end with the outbreak of the Irish Revolution.
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Spencer, Maureen, and John Spencer. 9. Examination and cross-examination. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198715795.003.0009.
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The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and illustrative diagrams and flow charts. This chapter deals with the type of questions that can or cannot be asked in examination-in-chief or cross-examination in criminal trials. This area overlaps considerably with criminal procedure, and Evidence courses vary in the topics they cover. The chapter covers refreshing of memory, rules on previous consistent statements and exceptions, and hostile witnesses in respect of examinations-in-chief. In respect of cross-examination, it covers rules on previous inconsistent statements, finality to answers to collateral questions and exceptions, the special rule for cross-examination of complainants in sexual offence cases and non-defendant’s bad character.
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Quinn, Diane M. When Stigma Is Concealable: The Costs and Benefits for Health. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.19.
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Research on the effects of concealing a stigmatized identity on health outcomes is remarkably mixed, with results showing both health costs and benefits to concealing. This chapter reviews the literature and presents a framework for conceptualizing the moderators and mediators of the concealment–health relationship. It is proposed that people who reveal their stigmatized identity within supportive environments reap health benefits, whereas those living in more hostile environments benefit by greater concealment. However, if concealment leads to greater cognitive burden, then negative health outcomes can occur. If people do disclose their stigmatized identity, the confidants they choose, the level of social support received, and the negativity of the reactions will all influence the relationship between disclosure and health outcomes. Future research is needed to clarify which variables are most important for health and to examine differences between identity types and environments.
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Harris, Frances. 1705–1706. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802440.003.0008.
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The sixth chapter traces the beginning of the Whig alliance. The Whigs are now prepared to offer constructive help in return for a share of government. This includes furthering the Union with Scotland (the Scots pass the necessary legislation with the Duke of Argyll as commissioner), support in Parliament and the City for the Grand Alliance, the Hanoverian succession, and the war, despite Marlborough’s disappointing campaign in Germany and Flanders. With the Tories now hostile, Godolphin accepts their help, believing he can control them, and Sarah supports him, though the queen and Harley are unconvinced and Marlborough keeps his distance, again spending much of the winter at the German courts. When he brings the Duke of Shrewsbury back with him to help Godolphin, the Whigs will not accept him and Godolphin has to continue the ministry alone.
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D'Alessandro, Roberta, Irene Franco, and Ángel J. Gallego, eds. The Verbal Domain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767886.001.0001.
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The structure of the VP, its complexity, its semantics, its function, and the universality of the heads that it contains are a fascinating puzzle. A lot of progress has been made: this volume features cutting-edge research on the verbal domain, while tackling the problem of the nature and structure of the vP-VP domain. It includes some chapters based on papers presented at the “Little v” workshop which was held at Leiden University on October 25–26, 2013. The volume is divided into three main sections, representing the areas in which contemporary debate on the verbal domain is most active. The first part, entitled Root and Verbalizer, includes four chapters discussing the setup of verbal roots, their syntax, and their combination with other functional heads like Voice and v. This part focuses on the V head. The second section, Voice, discusses the content and necessity of a Voice head in the structure of a clause, and whether Voice is different from v. Voice was originally intended as the head hosting the external argument in its specifier, as well as transitivity. This section explores its relationship with “syntactic” voice, intended as the alternation between actives and passives. The third section, Event and Argument Structure, is dedicated to event structure, inner aspect, and Aktionsart. The main issues it tackles are the one-to-one relation between argument structure and event structure, and whether there can be minimal structural units at the basis of the derivation of any sort of XP, including the VP.
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Stenger, Daniel F., Amy C. Roma, and Sachin Desai. Innovation in Nuclear Power. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0007.
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Next-generation nuclear technologies represent a change to how nuclear power plants are designedand the crucial role nuclear power can play in the world’s future energy mix. The authors examine the current regulatory framework for nuclear power in the United States, the birthplace of nuclear energy. That framework was shaped by concerns over release of nuclear secrets to hostile nations, focus on a single technology in light-water reactors, recognition that nuclear electric generation would be handled in the realm of monopoly control of generation, transmission, and distribution of the electricity produced, and a limited appreciation of the contribution of nuclear power to current goals of control of release of carbon gases and need to emphasize sustainability in energy supply. Recent bold innovations in nuclear technology, and legal impediments to their development, are identified. The authors identify helpful steps to make the law receptive to the new needs and technologies.
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Westlund, Andrea C. Answerability without Blame? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190609610.003.0011.
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Widely derided by popular psychologists as a destructive response, blame has many defenders among contemporary philosophers. The chapter pushes against their defenses of blame by distinguishing between blame as a reactive attitude and blaming as a speech act, arguing that some disagreement over blame’s value can be explained by the fact that blaming, as a speech act, takes several different forms. Critiques of blame properly target judgmental or strongly verdictive blaming, which treats the wrongdoer as deserving of the blamer’s hostile reactions. This tends to foreclose engagement in further moral dialogue with wrongdoers—an effect particularly destructive in therapeutic contexts; here, it is often more appropriate and constructive to hold others answerable without blaming them in the strongly verdictive sense. The chapter argues that such blame may be similarly destructive outside of straightforwardly therapeutic contexts, and challenges the existence of a sharp divide between therapeutic and nontherapeutic responses to wrongdoers.
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Granic, Isabela, and Jessica P. Lougheed. The Role of Anxiety in Coercive Family Processes with Aggressive Children. Edited by Thomas J. Dishion and James Snyder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324552.013.18.
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The majority of aggressive children exhibit symptoms of anxiety. This chapter outlines a novel theoretical model that builds explicitly on coercion theory, linking aggression with the regulation of anxiety in both caregivers and children. Three hypotheses are suggested and data are applied to support this model: (1) unpredictable oscillations between permissive and hostile parenting (two distinct aspects of the coercive cycle) induces anxiety in children, which in turn triggers aggressive behavior; (2) peer relations and difficult school contexts exacerbate anxiety, which in turn may trigger bouts of aggression that function as regulation for distressing emotions; and (3) to improve the efficacy of treatments for childhood aggression, anxiety needs to be one of the primary targets of treatment. Almost no research has directly tested these hypotheses, but the chapter reviews extant research and theory consistent with these claims and suggests future research designs that can test them specifically.
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Sutcliffe-Braithwaite, Florence. Mass Observers’ Attitudes to Class, 1990. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812579.003.0006.
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This chapter uses responses to Mass Observation’s 1990 directive on ‘social divisions’ to examine what the Mass Observers thought about class. It concludes that earlier accounts have overstated these (largely middle-class) writers’ comfortableness with technical, sociological class language. Rather, many were hostile to or ambivalent about using such terms, and drew on popular culture, especially humour, when talking about class. A rejection of ‘class’ and snobbishness, and an emphasis on ordinariness and authenticity, were again central to many Mass Observers’ writings about class. In their testimonies, we can also see that new ethnic diversity and new, more diverse norms of gender in post-war Britain had disrupted the old class categories. Upwardly mobile people were particularly over-represented among the Mass Observers and their writing shows that upward social mobility—which expanded in the post-war decades—could lead to a cultural ‘homelessness’ and critiques of both traditional working-class and traditional middle-class cultures.
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Klein, Kelly R., and Paul E. Pepe. Pre- and inter-hospital transport of the critically ill and injured. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0005.
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Pre- and inter-hospital transport medicine has become a highly specialized branch of critical care and emergency medicine practices, and is an integral part of modern health care. It can have a significant impact on mortality and morbidity when used appropriately. However, it also poses very unique challenges involving extension of hospital resources into often unfamiliar and sometimes austere and hostile arenas in the out-of-hospital setting. The very nature of critical care also means that the patient is profoundly ill or injured, and needs intensive monitoring and treatment with limited secondary support and personnel in the limited space of an ambulance, helicopter, or fixed wing aircraft. Accordingly, to optimize safety and patient care under these circumstances, specific guidelines and strict regulations regarding critical care transport have been implemented. Protocols and policies need to be in place to ensure optimal care, and safety for both patients and transport crews with contingencies for unanticipated weather and altitude challenges, and should also address key issues.
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Braddon, Mary Elizabeth. Lady Audley’s Secret. Edited by Lyn Pykett. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199577033.001.0001.
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It only rests with yourself to become Lady Audley, and the mistress of Audley Court.’ When beautiful young Lucy Graham accepts the hand of Sir Michael Audley, her fortune and her future look secure. But Lady Audley’s past is shrouded in mystery, and to Sir Michael’s nephew Robert, she is not all that she seems. When his good friend George Talboys suddenly disappears, Robert is determined to find him, and to unearth the truth. His quest reveals a tangled story of lies and deception, crime and intrigue, whose sensational twists turn the conventional picture of Victorian womanhood on its head. Can Robert’s darkest suspicions really be true? Lady Audley’s Secret was an immediate bestseller, and readers have enjoyed its thrilling plot ever since its first publication in 1862. This new edition explores Braddon’s portrait of her scheming heroine in the context of the nineteenth-century sensation novel and the lively, often hostile debates it provoked.
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Richemond-Barak, Daphné. Underground Warfare and the Jus ad Bellum. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457242.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses situations in which cross-border tunnels may lead to the outbreak of war. Cross-border tunnels violate sovereignty and territorial integrity and demonstrate hostile intent on the part of the neighboring entity. Various factors influence the victim state’s decision to go to war in such situations, such as the number of tunnels, their level of completion, their proximity to civilian-populated neighborhoods, and the relationship with the party that dug the tunnel. Not every cross-border tunnel will trigger the right to self-defense or the strategic urge to go to war: this chapter distinguishes between situations in which cross-border tunnels can lead to war and those in which they do lead to war. Cross-border threats do not significantly differ from other threats in this regard. As with other types of cross-border tensions, states may possess the right to react using military force but not make use of such right.
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Hiltebeitel, Alf. Moses and Monotheism and the Mahābhārata. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878337.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 draws from Freud’s Moses and Monotheism, which posits that religious traditions, like neuroses, must be studied not only through their conscious self-presentations but also through trauma they have undergone that survives in unconscious memory traces and can return from repression. It is posited that the Mahābhārata recalls the trauma faced by a rural village and forest-based Brahmanism during India’s second urbanization, about which the epic tells its central apocalyptic myth of the unburdening of the goddess Earth from demon-inspired overpopulation. It also looks at the Mahābhārata via its putative author Vyāsa, taking him as a figure through whom to study the text’s literary experimentations. It views Vedic allusive humor as the way epic poets give play to repressed sexual themes. Freud’s 1905 Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious is a source for understanding the epic’s allusive tendentious hostile and sexual jokes about the “exposure” of women.
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Gaskell, Elizabeth, and Dinah Birch. Cranford. Edited by Elizabeth Porges Watson. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199558308.001.0001.
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A man … is so in the way in the house!’ A vivid and affectionate portrait of a provincial town in early Victorian England, Elizabeth Gaskell’s Cranford describes a community dominated by its independent and refined women. Undaunted by poverty, but dismayed by changes brought by the railway and by new commercial practices, the ladies of Cranford respond to disruption with both suspicion and courage. Miss Matty and her sister Deborah uphold standards and survive personal tragedy and everyday dramas; innovation may bring loss, but it also brings growth, and welcome freedoms. Cranford suggests that representatives of different and apparently hostile social worlds, their minds opened by sympathy and suffering, can learn from each other. Its social comedy develops into a study of generous reconciliation, of a kind that will value the past as it actively shapes the future. This edition includes two related short pieces by Gaskell, ‘The Last Generation in England’ and ‘The Cage at Cranford’, as well as a selection from the diverse literary and social contexts in which the Cranford tales take their place.
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Bromley, James M. Clothing and Queer Style in Early Modern English Drama. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867821.001.0001.
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This book examines ‘queer style’ or forms of masculinity grounded in superficiality, inauthenticity, affectation, and the display of the extravagantly clothed body in early modern English city comedies. Queer style destabilizes distinctions between able-bodied and disabled, human and nonhuman, and the past and the present—distinctions that have structured normative ways of thinking about sexuality. Glimpsing the worldmaking potential of queer style, plays by Ben Jonson, George Chapman, Thomas Middleton, and Thomas Dekker imagine alternatives to the prevailing modes of subjectivity, sociability, and eroticism in early modern London. While the characters associated with queer style are situated in a hostile generic and historical context, this book draws on recent work on disability, materiality, and queer temporality to rethink their relationship to those contexts so as to access the utopian possibilities of early modern queer style. These theoretical frameworks also help bring into relief how the attachments and pleasures of early modern sartorial extravagance can estrange us from the epistemologies of sexuality that narrow current thinking about sexuality and its relationship to authenticity, pedagogy, interiority, and privacy.
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Fogal, Daniel, Daniel W. Harris, and Matt Moss, eds. New Work on Speech Acts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738831.001.0001.
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The essays collected in this book represent recent advances in our understanding of speech acts-actions like asserting, asking, and commanding that speakers perform when producing an utterance. The study of speech acts spans disciplines, and embraces both the theoretical and scientific concerns proper to linguistics and philosophy as well as the normative questions that speech acts raise for our politics, our societies, and our ethical lives generally. It is the goal of this book to reflect the diversity of current thinking on speech acts as well as to bring these conversations together, so that they may better inform one another. Topics explored in this book include the relationship between sentence grammar and speech act potential; the fate of traditional frameworks in speech act theory, such as the content-force distinction and the taxonomy of speech acts; and the ways in which speech act theory can illuminate the dynamics of hostile and harmful speech. The book takes stock of well over a half century of thinking about speech acts, bringing this classicwork in linewith recent developments in semantics and pragmatics, and pointing the way forward to further debate and research.
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Kinyanjui, Mary Njeri. African Markets and the Utu-Ubuntu Business Model: A Perspective on Economic Informality in Nairobi. African Minds, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928331780.
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The persistence of indigenous African markets in the context of a hostile or neglectful business and policy environment makes them worthy of analysis. An investigation of Afrocentric business ethics is long overdue. Attempting to understand the actions and efforts of informal traders and artisans from their own points of view, and analysing how they organise and get by, allows for viable approaches to be identified to integrate them into global urban models and cultures. Using the utu-ubuntu model to understand the activities of traders and artisans in Nairobi's markets, this book explores how, despite being consistently excluded and disadvantaged, they shape urban spaces in and around the city, and contribute to its development as a whole. With immense resilience, and without discarding their own socio-cultural or economic values, informal traders and artisans have created a territorial complex that can be described as the African metropolis. African Markets and the Utu-buntu Business Model sheds light on the ethics and values that underpin the work of traders and artisans in Nairobi, as well as their resilience and positive impact on urbanisation. This book makes an important contribution to the discourse on urban economics and planning in African cities.
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Destrée, Pierre, and Franco V. Trivigno, eds. Laughter, Humor, and Comedy in Ancient Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190460549.001.0001.
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Ancient philosophers were very interested in the themes of laughter, humor, and comedy. They theorized about laughter and its causes, moralized about the appropriate uses of humor and what it is appropriate to laugh at, and wrote treatises on comedic composition. Further, they were often merciless in ridiculing their opponents’ positions, often borrowing comedic devices and techniques from comic poetry and drama to do so. The volume is organized around three themes or sets of questions. The first set concerns the psychology of laughter. What is going on in our minds when we laugh? What background conditions must be in place for laughter to occur? Is laughter necessarily hostile or derisive? The second set of questions concerns the ethical and social norms governing laughter and humor. When is it appropriate or inappropriate to laugh? Does laughter have a positive social function? Is there a virtue, or excellence, connected to laugher and humor? The third set of questions concerns the philosophical uses of humor and comedic technique. Do philosophers use humor exclusively in criticizing other rivals, or can it play a positive educational role as well? If it can, how does philosophical humor communicate its philosophical content? This volume aims not to settle these fascinating questions but more modestly to start a conversation about them, in the hope that the volume will be both a reference point for discussions of laughter, humor, and comedy in ancient philosophy and an engine for future research about them.
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Shavit, Yaacov. Athens in Jerusalem. Translated by Chaya Naor and Niki Werner. Liverpool University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774259.001.0001.
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According to this book, the Hellenistic tradition played a role as a model for Jewish modernisers to draw upon as they perceived a lack in Jewish culture. The book claims that Greek and Hellenistic concepts are now internalised by the Jewish people. The book begins with the question of a dichotomy between Athens and Jerusalem and approaches the issue by considering how Athens, with its associations of classical antiquity and Hellenism, might have any impact on modern Jewish culture. The book considers what makes Hellenism and Hebraism conceptual twins. Further, it seeks to address why it was also necessary to place the Greek ideal in opposition to Hebraism (Judaism). In conclusion, the book explores the complex reality of the modern Jerusalem as it has been irrevocably influenced by Athens. It considers that, given Athens and Jerusalem are two antipodal entities, can these hostile and contradicting spiritual and cultural entities exist together? It reveals that modern Judaism, namely secular Judaism, inspired by Athens and shaped by the heritage of classical antiquity (and Western values), is a different type of Judaism from the Judaism of previous generations; therefore, the conflict between Athens and Jerusalem in Jerusalem was and is inevitable. This conflict is the core of the struggle over the identity and content of modern Judaism in Palestine.
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Takahashi, Bruno, and Alejandra Martinez. Climate Change Communication in Peru. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.574.
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Peru is one of the most biodiverse countries on the planet. More than 65% of the country is covered by the Amazon rainforest, and the Andes region is home to more than 70% of the world’s tropical glaciers. This abundance of natural resources also makes the country highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change.The Peruvian government therefore requires the development and implementation of action plans to adapt to the present and future impacts of climate change. At the same time, it requires the development of sound communication strategies that include collaboration with stakeholders such as the media and nongovernmental organizations. Media coverage of climate change can have important implications for policy decision making. This is especially salient in a context of low information availability where media reports play an important role in filling knowledge gaps that in turn can affect the way policies are developed.Climate change, as an environmental and social issue in Peru, is not highly politicized, as it is in countries such as the United States and Australia. There is no major debate about the reality of climate change, the scientific evidence, or the need for political action and technological and policy innovations. This approach is also reflected in the media’s coverage of the issue. Peru’s media tend to focus on climate change mostly during key policy events. Among these major events was the capital city of Lima’s hosting in 2010 of the V meeting of Latin American, Caribbean, and European Union countries, where the main topics of discussion were climate change and poverty. In addition, Lima hosted the COP20, which preceded the Paris meeting in 2015 that led to a major global agreement. The media’s coverage of these events was intense. These were the exceptions: A good proportion of Peru’s newspaper coverage comes from international news wire agencies. Coverage from those sources focuses mostly on mitigation actions, instead of adaptation, which is more relevant to vulnerable countries such as Peru. This coverage is in line with the government’s view of mitigation as a business opportunity. There is, however, a lack of studies that explore, first, the factors that affect this coverage, and, second, the way other mediums such as television or radio cover the issue.Strategic communication by governmental organizations, as well as accurate and fact-based media reporting about climate change, is necessary to better communicate the urgency and magnitude of the problem to the general public, grassroots organizations, industry, and international agencies, among others.
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Krieger, Heike, Georg Nolte, and Andreas Zimmermann, eds. The International Rule of Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843603.001.0001.
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The authors examine the role of international law in a changing global order. Can we, under the current significantly changing conditions, still observe an increasing juridification of international relations based on a universal understanding of values, or are we, to the contrary, rather facing a tendency towards an informalization or a reformalization of international law, or even an erosion of international legal norms? Would it be appropriate to revisit classical elements of international law in order to react to structural changes, which may give rise to a more polycentric or non-polar world order? Or are we simply observing a slump in the development towards an international rule of law based on a universal understanding of values? In eleven chapters and eleven comments, distinguished scholars reflect on how to approach these questions from historical, system-oriented and actor-centered perspectives. The contributions engage with the rise of European international law since the 17th century, the decay of the international rule of law, compliance as an indicator for the state of international law, international law and informal law-making in times of populism, the rule of environmental law and complex problems, human rights in Europe in a hostile environment, the influence of the BRICS states on international law, the impact of non-state actors on international law, international law’s contribution to global justice, the contestation of value-based norms and the international rule of law in light of legitimacy claims.
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Pugh, Jeffrey D. The Invisibility Bargain. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538692.001.0001.
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In an era of mass migration and restrictive responses, this book seeks to understand how migrants negotiate their place in the receiving society and adapt innovative strategies to integrate, participate, and access protection. Their acceptance is often contingent on the expectation that they contribute economically to the host country while remaining politically and socially invisible. These unwritten expectations, which this book calls the “invisibility bargain,” produce a precarious status in which migrants’ visible differences or overt political demands on the state may be met with a hostile backlash from the host society. In this context, governance networks of state and nonstate actors form an institutional web that can provide access to rights, resources, and protection for migrants through informal channels that avoid a negative backlash against visible political activism. This book examines Ecuador, the largest recipient of refugees in Latin America, asking how it has achieved migrant human security gains despite weak state presence in peripheral areas. The key finding is that localities with more dense networks composed of more diverse actors tend to produce greater human security for migrants and their neighbors. The argument has implications beyond Ecuador for migrant-receiving countries around the world. The book challenges the conventional understanding of migration and security, providing a fresh approach to the negotiation of authority between state and society. Its nuanced account of informal pathways to human security dismantles the false dichotomy between international and national politics, and it exposes the micropolitics of institutional innovation.
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Park, Gene, Saori N. Katada, Giacomo Chiozza, and Yoshiko Kojo. Taming Japan's Deflation. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501728174.001.0001.
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Bolder economic policy could have addressed the persistent bouts of deflation in post-bubble Japan, claims this book. Despite warnings from economists, intense political pressure, and unconventional policy options to address this problem, Japan's central bank, the Bank of Japan (BOJ), resisted taking the bold actions that this book claims would have significantly helped. With Prime Minister Abe Shinzō's return to power, Japan finally shifted course at the start of 2013 with the launch of Abenomics—an economic agenda to reflate the economy—and Abe's appointment of new leadership at the BOJ. The BOJ's resistance to experimenting with bolder policy stemmed from entrenched policy ideas that were hostile to activist monetary policy. The book explains how these policy ideas evolved over the course of the BOJ's long history and gained dominance because of the closed nature of the broader policy network. The explanatory power of policy ideas and networks suggests a basic inadequacy in the dominant framework for analysis of the politics of monetary policy derived from the literature on central bank independence. This approach privileges the interaction between political principals and their supposed agents, central bankers; but this book shows clearly that central bankers' views, shaped by ideas and institutions, can be decisive in determining monetary policy. Through a combination of institutional analysis, quantitative empirical tests, in-depth case studies, and structured comparison of Japan with other countries, the book shows that, ultimately, the decision to adopt aggressive monetary policy depends largely on the bankers' established policy ideas and policy network.
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Gaus, Gerald. The Open Society and Its Complexities. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190648978.001.0001.
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Two decades ago it was widely assumed that liberal democracy and the Open Society had won their century-long struggle against authoritarianism. Although subsequent events have shocked many, F. A. Hayek would not have been surprised that people are in many ways disoriented by the society they have created. For him, the Open Society was a precarious achievement, in many ways at odds with the deepest moral sentiments. He argued that the Open Society runs against humans’ evolved attraction to “tribalism”; that the Open Society is too complex for moral justification; and that its self-organized complexity defies attempts at democratic governance. In this wide-ranging work, Gerald Gaus re-examines Hayek’s analyses. Drawing on work in social and moral science, Gaus argues that Hayek’s program was prescient and sophisticated, always identifying real and pressing problems, though he underestimated the resources of human morality and the Open Society to cope with the challenges he perceived. Gaus marshals formal models and empirical evidence to show that the Open Society is grounded on the moral foundations of human cooperation originating in the distant evolutionary past, but has built upon them a complex and diverse society that requires rethinking both the nature of moral justification and the meaning of democratic self-governance. In these fearful, angry, and inward-looking times, when political philosophy has itself become a hostile exchange between ideological camps, The Open Society and Its Complexities shows how moral and ideological diversity, far from being the enemy of a free and open society, can be its foundation.
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Brandt, Sebastian, and Hartmut Gehring. Anaesthesia for medical imaging and bronchoscopic procedures. Edited by Peter F. Mahoney and Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0077.
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Anaesthesia in ‘remote areas’ is required for medical imaging (CT, MRI, PET-CT), angiography, endoscopy, and interventions (stenting, thrombectomy, coiling, laser therapy, biopsies, radiotherapy) in a number of medical disciplines (paediatrics, radiology, cardiology, pulmonology, gastroenterology, surgery, cardiac surgery, emergency medicine). The spectrum of anaesthetic techniques is broad. It reaches from standby (monitored anaesthesia care), through analgesia and sedation (with spontaneous breathing), to general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation. Regional anaesthesia techniques are also required under certain circumstances. In the last few years there has been a move away from open procedures to interventional techniques. The complexity of these interventions has increased (i.e. interventional cardiac valve replacements) and the patients tend to be older and suffer from a multitude of co-morbidities. Many of these interventions are performed in the ‘hostile environment’ of the intervention suite. Intervention suites are typically not designed to offer anaesthetists an ideal working area. The space may be limited and medical equipment impedes access to the patient. The infrastructure may be suboptimal (e.g. no central medical gases supply). Protection for staff and equipment against radiation and high magnetic fields must be considered. Loud noise from machinery and shielded walls, doors, and windows may hinder communication and hearing acoustic alarms. The distance to the operating theatre may be considerable and thus support from senior anaesthetists and supply of additional equipment may take some time to arrive. Anaesthesia outside the operating theatre is sometimes underestimated as trivial. Performing a ‘quick’ interventional case can evolve within seconds into a challenge even for the experienced anaesthesiologist if a surgical or anaesthesiological complication occurs. Non-operating-theatre anaesthesia has a higher severity of injuries and more substandard care than operating theatre anaesthesia. This is not acceptable and anaesthetists must ensure the same high standard of anaesthesia care and patient safety both inside and outside the operating theatre.
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Torres, Luis. Violencia en el mundo de trabajo : revisión del flagelo en Iberoamérica. Universidad Libre Sede Principal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/978-958-5578-79-1.
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La OIT viene señalando que la violencia y el acoso en el trabajo son una violación grave de los derechos humanos. Impiden el ejercicio de derechos laborales, son incompatibles con el trabajo decente y, sobre todo, representan una amenaza global para la dignidad, la seguridad, la salud y el bienestar de los trabajadores y las trabajadoras, pues no hay exclusiones en este tipo de comportamientos y prácticas tan viles e intolerables en la era de la economía digital. Una de las cuestiones que la OIT manifiesta es, precisamente, la necesidad de conceptualizar la violencia y el acoso en los lugares de trabajo. Interrelacionar ambos conceptos en una única definición plantea dificultades considerables, no solo por las percepciones subjetivas y las interpretaciones culturales, sino también porque es preciso prever respuestas jurídicas distintas a la violencia y el acoso. También debe pues establecerse con más precisión cuál sería el ámbito objeto de la discusión, al igual que su vinculación con el lugar de trabajo. (Organización Internacional del Trabajo –OIT–, 2018, p.4) La delimitación conceptual sobre el acoso en el mundo del trabajo se ha materializado en el importante, pero incompleto Convenio 190 de la OIT. De ahí que nos hayamos propuesto exponer y, modestamente, proponer los elementos y características para delimitar un concepto definidor del acoso en el trabajo con argumentos doctrinales y jurisprudenciales. Todo ello nos parece esencial para cumplir los objetivos de la OIT tendientes a “garantizar lugares de trabajo seguros y productivos”. La labor de la OIT en esta materia ha sido muy importante en la última década. Nos referimos (sin ánimo de exhaustividad) a la adopción, en 2009, de la Resolución relativa a la igualdad de género como eje del trabajo decente, en la 98.ª reunión de la Conferencia. Sobre esta resolución, la OIT consideró que es necesario adoptar un enfoque más amplio y, en 2015, su 325.ª Conferencia incluyó por primera vez en su orden del día un punto titulado “La violencia contra las mujeres y los hombres en el mundo del trabajo”. La temática del acoso laboral y de otros tipos de violencia en el trabajo ha tenido en los últimos años un desarrollo particular. El tema ha sido tratado en distintos ámbitos y disciplinas. Psicólogos, sociólogos, psiquiatras, médicos laborales, juristas, entre otros, estudian en la actualidad dicho fenómeno. Las investigaciones y los estudios realizados en el campo de la psicología, en la década de los ochenta, llamaron la atención acerca del daño ocasionado a los trabajadores por las conductas ocurridas en el trabajo, que, si bien aisladas carecían de significación, de modo acumulativo producían un daño de entidad. Los riesgos psicosociales y el acoso psicológico en el trabajo son considerados potencialmente dañinos para la salud de los trabajadores. Su relación con un número indeterminado de patologías es enorme, más aún cuando la relación causal entre dichos agentes y las patologías instaladas en los trabajadores todavía no está completamente clara y establecida. No obstante, se han encontrado vínculos que relacionan el estrés con las patologías musculoesqueléticas, cardíacas o digestivas. De ser prolongada la exposición a las situaciones generadoras de estrés, esta puede provocar graves trastornos cardiovasculares (Duglas y Yanes, 2013). El acoso laboral es considerado por un buen número de profesionales de diversas especialidades (psicólogos, abogados, médicos, entre otros) como la nueva plaga laboral del siglo XXI. Dado lo anterior, se puede decir que por acoso laboral se entiende toda conducta hostil, ofensiva, maliciosa, intimidatoria, incluyendo comportamientos, palabras, actos, gestos y escritos, que de forma “sistemática” se ejerzan por una persona o grupo de personas sobre otro/otros en el lugar de trabajo. Estas conductas deben manifestarse a través de cualquier acto que atente contra la dignidad o la integridad física o psíquica de la persona o la perjudique social, psicológica o moralmente. Su finalidad es la destrucción psicológica de la víctima, el abandono de su puesto de trabajo o la degradación de las condiciones del mismo. Esta definición está integrada por las características más resaltantes de las aproximaciones conceptuales expuestas por Leyman (1996), Hirigoyen (2001) y Piñuel (2001). En Nicaragua, desde el año 2007, se desarrolla un proyecto de nación que involucra a todos los poderes del Estado, basado en la implementación estratégica de un nuevo modelo político y económico que implica la adecuación progresiva de todo el ordenamiento jurídico. Además, determina líneas claras de restitución de derechos que reincorporan a grandes sectores de la sociedad a su derecho fundamental de ciudadanía, protagonistas con el derecho humano a una vida en el mundo del trabajo libre de violencia y acoso laboral. También incluye todo aquel acto de violencia y acoso laboral por razones de género. El Poder Judicial, en armonía con una serie de instrumentos internacionales ratificados por Nicaragua, y en sintonía con el aun no ratificado Convenio 190 de la OIT, aprueba el primer Protocolo en Latino América, para prevenir, sancionar y erradicar el acoso laboral y sexual en el entorno laboral de su competencia. En este trabajo se abordarán las más notorias consideraciones al aporte significativo que esta normativa implica para el país y la región latinoamericana. La violencia en las relaciones de trabajo representa una problemática que ha encontrado en las herramientas telemáticas, dígase el internet, las redes sociales, el correo electrónico y la telefonía móvil, un nuevo contexto y una nueva forma para su extensión y desarrollo. Las ventajas que genera el uso cada vez mayor de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el mundo actual han condicionado que el fenómeno del ciberacoso laboral sea una modalidad de violencia que se encuentra en considerable aumento y en constante perfeccionamiento. La prevención de este riesgo tiene que ser el mecanismo necesario para combatir este fenómeno, lo que debe realizarse con un enfoque multidisciplinario, coherente e integrador. En nuestro país urge visibilizar su existencia y generar una mayor sensibilización en la sociedad y, especialmente, en el ámbito de las relaciones de trabajo.