Academic literature on the topic 'CDR Key words'
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Journal articles on the topic "CDR Key words"
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Tong, Weihan, Maryanne Romero, Vivien Lim, et al. "Reliability of Graders and Comparison with an Automated Algorithm for Vertical Cup-Disc Ratio Grading in Fundus Photographs." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 48, no. 9 (2019): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v48n9p282.
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Introduction: We aimed to investigate the intergrader and intragrader reliability of human graders and an automated algorithm for vertical cup-disc ratio (CDR) grading in colour fundus photographs. Materials and Methods: Two-hundred fundus photographs were selected from a database of 3000 photographs of patients screened at a tertiary ophthalmology referral centre. The graders included glaucoma specialists (n = 3), general ophthalmologists (n = 2), optometrists (n = 2), family physicians (n = 2) and a novel automated algorithm (AA). In total, 2 rounds of CDR grading were held for each grader on 2 different dates, with the photographs presented in random order. The CDR values were graded as 0.1-1.0 or ungradable. The grading results of the 2 senior glaucoma specialists were used as the reference benchmarks for comparison. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.37-0.74 and 0.47-0.97 for intergrader and intragrader reliability, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the human graders’ level of reliability and their years of experience in grading CDR (P = 0.91). The area under the curve (AUC) value of the AA was 0.847 (comparable to AUC value of 0.876 for the glaucoma specialist). Bland Altman plots demonstrated that the AA’s performance was at least comparable to a glaucoma specialist. Conclusion: The results suggest that AA is comparable to and may have more consistent performance than human graders in CDR grading of fundus photographs. This may have potential application as a screening tool to help detect asymptomatic glaucoma-suspect patients in the community. Key words: Eyes, Glaucoma, Intraocular pressure
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Rupes, Ivan, Jana Jochová, and Paul G. Young. "Markers of cell polarity during and after nitrogen starvation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 75, no. 6 (1997): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o97-084.
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In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, nitrogen starvation induces transient acceleration of cell division and reduction in cell size with a final arrest in G1. The division size control appears to be impaired by mutations in cdr1/nim1 and cdr2, genes that encode protein kinases mediating nutritional control over the mitotic cycle. cdr- cells arrest after fewer rounds of division and are larger than the wild type. Recent work suggests that long-term nitrogen starvation causes S. pombe wild-type cells to become spherical, which suggests loss of cell polarity. cdr mutants retain the elongated shape, indicating a potential difference in cell polarity control relative to the wild type. We examined several markers related to maintenance of cell polarity in S. pombe following nitrogen starvation including cell division scar pattern and actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Wild-type cells as well as cdr mutants maintained a normal cell division scar pattern throughout nitrogen starvation but cells dividing under these conditions developed a wall malformation in the center of the septum. In cells arrested by nitrogen starvation, actin patches, normally associated with sites of cell wall deposition, were larger and distributed randomly along the cell surface. Cytoplasmic arrays of microtubules, which are thought to be involved in control of the polarity signal, were not visibly affected. The effects were similar in wild-type cells and in cdr- mutants. Upon refeeding, the new growth always reoccurred at the tip zones and there were only small deviations of its direction from the original axis. The results indicate that cell polarity is preserved both in wild-type cells, which arrest in G1 and appear spherical, and in cdr1/nim1 and cdr2 mutants, which arrest in G2 and appear polarized throughout the starvation period. Key words: cell polarity, fission yeast, nitrogen starvation, actin, microtubules, cdr1/nim1, cdr2.
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Simonov, R. O., R. G. Yapparov, D. A. Valishin, and E. M. Gareev. "Evaluation of T cell-mediated immunity in HIV-infected patients with helminthiasis." Infekcionnye bolezni 19, no. 1 (2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-33-38.
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Objective. To analyze T cell-mediated immunity (subpopulations of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes) in HIV-infected patients with helminthiasis receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Patients and methods. This study included 159 individuals; 100 of them had subclinical stage 3 HIV infection and helminthiasis (caused by different helminths) and were divided into two experimental groups depending on whether they received ART or not. The control group 1 comprised 29 HIV-positive people without helminthiasis not receiving ART, whereas the control group 2 included 30 HIV-negative people with helminthiasis. Patients in the experimental groups and control group 2 were followed up during the study and received anthelmintic treatment. The assessment of the immune status using monoclonal antibodies against specific antigens of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+ cells, cytotoxic T-cells-suppressors-CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio) was performed in the laboratory of the Republican Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Ufa, Russian Federation. Results. In this study, we evaluated the relative count of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in HIV-infected patients with helminthiasis at different time-pints during 6 months. We observed significant differences in the CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ cell count between HIV-infected patients with helminthiasis on ART and without ART. Patients in the experimental group on ART demonstrated a significantly lower CD3+ cell count compared to patients in the experimental group not on ART (2.3 times lower; p < 0.01), as well as lower CD3+CD4+ cell count (1.5 times lower; p < 0.05) and CD4+CD8+ cell count (1.9 times lower; p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that HIV-infected people with helminthiasis on ART are more likely to have their CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ Т-cell count normalized than those not receiving ART. Conclusion. The assessment of the immune status (T-cell medicated immunity) in the study groups demonstrated that HIVinfected patients with helminthiasis on ART presented with a gradual increase of the relative CD3+ cell count throughout the study (62.5 ± 5.6 %), whereas HIV-infected patients with helminthiasis receiving no ART presented with a gradual decrease of the relative CD3+ cell count (28.0 ± 4%). HIV-infected patients without helminthiasis and receiving no ART (control group 1) also demonstrated a decrease of the relative CD3+ cell count (28.1 ± 3.5%). We also observed a clear trend towards the normalization of relative CD3+CD4+ T-cell count (41.4 ± 8.2%) in HIV-infected patients with helminthiasis on ART, while patients from other groups (including HIV-infected patients with helminthiasis without ART and individuals in both control groups) demonstrated a tendency to a steady decline in the relative CD3+CD4+ cell count at all time-points. We also found that HIV-infected patients with helminthiasis on ART had their CD4+/CD8+ ratio back to almost normal by month 6 (45.7 ± 3.7%), whereas HIV-infected patients with helminthiasis without ART and patients from the control group 1 had their mean CD4+CD8+ ratio gradually decreasing throughout the study (27.5 ± 4.9% and 30.5 ± 7.1% respectively). The parameters of T-cell mediated immunity (subpopulations of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes) showed a more pronounced tendency to normalization in HIV-infected patients with helminthiasis who received ART. Our findings suggest that in HIV-infected patients with helminthiasis on ART, compensatory mechanisms of T-lymphocytes predominate, in contrast to HIV-infected patients with helminthiasis receiving no ART and the control group of HIV-infected patients receiving no ART, in whom we observed immunodeficiency of different grades. Key words: HIV infection, helminthiasis, T-cell immunity
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Tumanova, L. E., and E. V. Kolomiiets. "Phenotypic features of immunocompetent cells in I-II pregnancy trimesters in women with anamnese infertility." UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY AND PEDIATRICS, no. 1(89) (March 29, 2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/pp.2022.89.11.
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It is impossible to solve the socio-economic problem of increasing the birth rate in Ukraine without determining the mechanisms of pregnancy disorders, among which immune ones occupy an important place, and developing individualized scientifically based therapy schemes. Purpose - to determine the characteristics of levels of immunocompetent blood cells based on the CD phenotype in women with a history of infertility at different stages of pregnancy. Materials and methods. With a FACSCan cell cytofloorimeter (Becton Dickinson, USA) and a test of Becton Dickinson systems (USA) determined using monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) to differentiated lymphocyte antigens, and activation markers (HLA-DR, CD25, CD69) or having inhibitory properties (CD158a) relative levels of immunocompetent cells 436 non-pregnant (reference group n) and 514 pregnant women with a history of infertility at different dates of the I and II trimesters of pregnancy (groups a-e). Results. Against the background of reduced lymphocyte count and increased blood granulocytes in pregnant women, a significantly high relative level of T-L and T-cytotoxic subpopulations were found with their activation (CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+- and CD3+CD8+Cd In this gestation period there is also an increase as the number of T-helpers (CD3+CD4+-L), and their activation with expression on the membranes of HLA-DR- and CD25-molecules. In the first 10 weeks of pregnancy, a decrease in the expression of inhibitory molecules CD158a (KIR2DL1) on NK T CD3+CD4+CD56+-cl and the relative level of B-lymphocytes (CD19+), as well as their subpopulations B-1a (CD19+CD5+) from 8 to 28 weeks was noted. Conclusions. The peculiarities of the levels of peripheral blood immune system cells according to their CD phenotypes make it possible to observe the dynamics of the most important of them (CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+-, CD3+CD8+CD56+-, CD. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: CD-phenotype, immunocompetent cells, pregnant women, history of infertility, flow cytometry.
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Milasheuski, Y. V., and T. A. Imshanetskaya. "Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation: clinical outcomes of treatment of early stages open-angle glaucoma." Russian ophthalmology of children, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2307-6658-2021-2-36-41.
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Purpose. To evaluate treatment efficiency of open-angle glaucoma with micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, to determine the optimal total energy of laser exposure and to assess the stability of the glaucoma process after treatment. Material and methods. A prospective study was carried out. It included 34 (21 patients) with primary open-angle and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma of stages 1-3, which undergone micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. The patients were divided into subgroups 1 and 2, depending on the total amount of laser energy (100 J and 150 J, respectively). At different periods of observation, the intraocular pressure, best corrected visual acuity, visual fields, cup-to-disc ratio and the number of antiglaucoma drugs were determined. Results. In the general group, all operated patients achieved a decrease in IOP to a tolerant level, from a median value of 27 [25; 28] in the preoperative period, up to 17.5 [15; 20] at the end of the observation period. The number of used drugs decreased statistically significantly, from 3.0 [3.0; 3.0] to 2.0 [1.0; 2.0]. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean deviation of the retinal photosensitivity, from –4.85 [–8.25; –2.17] to –4.36 [–7.06; –2.37] after 18 months. Indicators of best corrected visual acuity and CDR remained stable throughout the observation period. In subgroup 2 (150J), a statistically more significant decrease in IOP level (p=0.033) and the number of used drugs (p=0.001) was achieved compared with subgroup 1 (100J). Conclusion. Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation is an effective and safe method of treating open-angle glaucoma in patients with early stages of the disease and high values of best corrected visual acuity. Using a total amount of energy in 150J contributes to a more pronounced decrease in IOP and a decrease in the number of applied drugs than an energy in 100J. Key words: open-angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, micropulse cyclophotocoagulation.
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Li, Y. Z., R. J. Christopherson, and C. J. Field. "Effects of beta-adrenergic receptor agonist and low environmental temperature on the immune system of growing lambs." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 4 (2000): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a99-106.
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Sixteen lambs were studied to examine the effects of cold environment and a beta-agonist on their immune status. The beta-agonist, L-646, 969, was fed for 4 wk at 0.28 or 0 mg kg−0.75 BW to animals housed in a warm (20 °C) or a moderately cold (0 °C) environment. The cold environment suppressed PWM-stimulated proliferation at week 3 (P < 0.03) and week 4 (P < 0.01). The percentage of CD4 cells and CD4:CD8 cell ratio were decreased at week 1 (P < 0.02; P < 0.05) and week 3 (P < 0.001; P < 0.003), and the percentage of CD2 cells (P < 0.05) was decreased at week 2 at the low-temperature. The beta-agonist did not influence leukocyte profile and lymphocyte functions. The results suggest that a cold environment may influence immune function by suppressing lymphocytes expressing CD2, CD4 and CD4:CD8 cell ratio, and changing lymphocyte proliferative response to a T cell mitogen. Further investigation is required to identify the effects of prolonged and intense cold exposure on the immune system with a large number of animals and the implications of current observations for the health of animals in a cold environment. Key words: Immunity, cold environment, beta-agonist, lambs
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Zvarych, L. M., D. A. Bazyka, I. M. Ilienko, et al. "STATUS OF THE CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN CLEAN-UP WORKERS OF THE CHORNOBYL ACCIDENT AND PATIENTS WITH CANCER OF THE MOUTH CAVITY, ORAL AND LARYNGEAL PART OF THE PHARYNX." Проблеми радіаційної медицини та радіобіології = Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology 27 (2022): 324–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33145/2304-08336-2022-27-324-340.
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Objective: to establish cellular immunity in clean-up workers of the Chornobyl accident compared to patients with malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity, oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx according to the subpopulation organization of peripheral blood leukocytes. Materials and methods. We examined 112 males, age (56,92 ± 6,17) years (M ± SD), including 26 male clean-up workers exposed at the radiation dose 10–500 mSv; 20 male clean-up workers exposed at the dose range 504–990 mSv; 33 patients with malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity, oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx and 33 nonexposed subjects of the control group. Immune cell subsets analysis was performed by the expression of differential and activation antigens of peripheral blood leukocytes using flow cytometry. Results. In assessing each group's cellular immunity, there was a decrease in the number of CD19+ B-lymphocytes, CD3+HLA-DR+ T- and CD3-HLA-DR+ B-lymphocytes, CD3-16+56+ natural killer cells, combined with an increase in the number of CD8+ T-lymphocytes. An increase in the relative number of CD4+CD8+ T-lymphocytes was determined in clean-up workers (D ≤ 500 mSv) and cancer patients. An increase in the number of CD8+ T-lymphocytes and a decrease in the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes were observed in clean-up workers (D > 500 mSv), as well as in cancer patients. In addition, a decrease of monocytes, CD3+16+56+, and CD3+TCRαβ+ T-lymphocytes was determined in patients with oncological pathology. Conclusions. The obtained results show the unidirectionality of changes in cellular immunity in the participants of the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant and patients with the investigated oncological pathology, which indicates the formation of persistent violations of antitumor protection in the participants of the liquidation of the consequences of the accident as the basis of oncogenesis. Determining changes in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, CD4+ T-lymphocytes, CD4+CD8+ immature T-lymphocytes, the immunoregulatory ratio CD4+ / CD8+, CD3+TCRαβ+ T-lymphocytes and CD3+16+56+ CTL can have an additional effect on the effectiveness antitumor protection and the probability of oncogenesis risk in immunocompromised individuals. Key words: ionizing radiation, Chornobyl, clean-up workers of the Chornobyl accident, neoplasms of the oral cavity, oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx, immune system.
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Malickaitė, Radvilė, Laimutė Jurgauskienė, Stanislava Simanavičienė, Vytė Valerija Maneikienė, Rita Sudikienė, and Kęstutis Ručinskas. "Imuninė stebėsena širdies transplantacijoje: atmetimo reakcijos poveikis T limfocitų žymenų ekspresijai." Lietuvos chirurgija 8, no. 3 (2010): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2010.3.2103.
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Radvilė Malickaitė, Laimutė Jurgauskienė, Stanislava Simanavičienė, Vytė Valerija Maneikienė, Rita Sudikienė, Kęstutis Ručinskas Vilniaus universiteto Širdies ir kraujagyslių ligų klinikos Širdies chirurgijos centras, Santariškių g. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius El. paštas: Radvile.Malickaite@santa.lt Darbo tikslas: Nustatyti Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikų Širdies chirurgijos centre atliekamos širdies transplantacijos įtaką T limfocitų aktyvumo rodikliams, įvertinti imuninės stebėsenos tinkamumą ūminiam transplantato atmetimui prognozuoti. Ligoniai ir metodai: Retrospektyviai analizuotas dvidešimt vieno širdies recipiento imuninių rodiklių kitimas esant normaliai potransplantacinei būklei ir ūminiam transplantato atmetimui. Periferinio kraujo imunokompetentinių ląstelių CD3+CD103+, CD4+CD103+, CD8+CD103+, CD3+CD134+, CD4+CD134+, CD8+CD134+, CD8+CD57+ ir CD8+CD38+ procentas nustatytas tėkmės citometrijos būdu. Ūminis transplantato atmetimas vertintas pagal histologinius endomiokardinės biopsijos radinius. Rezultatai: Esant ūminio atmetimo epizodams, kai endomiokardo biopsijos įvertintos ≥ 2R (3A) laipsniu, reikšmingai didėja integrino CD103 (p < 0,0001), kostimuliacinio receptoriaus CD134 (p = 0,005), antigeno CD57 (p = 0,005) ir ląstelių paviršiaus glikoproteino CD38 (p = 0,015) ekspresija citotoksinių CD8+ limfocitų paviršiuje. Išvados: Imuninė periferinio kraujo limfocitų būklės stebėsena gali būti taikoma po transplantacijos skiriamam imunosupresiniam gydymui įvertinti numatant didelę ūminio atmetimo tikimybę. Reikšminiai žodžiai: kiaušidžių cistos, supiktybėjimo rizika, piktybiškumo rizikos indeksas, ultragarsinis tyrimas, Ca-125 antigenas, chirurginis gydymas Measuring T cell reactivity for predicting heart transplant rejection Radvilė Malickaitė, Laimutė Jurgauskienė, Stanislava Simanavičienė, Vytė Valerija Maneikienė, Rita Sudikienė, Kęstutis Ručinskas Vilnius University, Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Centre of Heart sSurgery, Santariškių str. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail: Radvile.Malickaite@santa.lt Objective: We aimed to analyze alterations in peripheral blood T-cell subset activation compared with endomyocardial byopsy findings. Patients and methods: The study included in total twenty-one heart recipients grafted 1997–2007 at the Vilnius Heart sSurgery cCenter. T-cell activation markers CD3+CD103+, CD4+CD103+, CD8+CD103+, CD3+CD134+, CD4+CD134+, CD8+CD134+, CD8+CD57+ ir CD8+CD38+ were detected by two-color flow cytometry. Rejection was graded according to the ISHLT (the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation) grading system. Results: In case of ≥ 2R (3A) rejection episodes, a significant increase in the expression of integrin CD103 (p < 0.0001), co-stimulatory receptor CD134 (p = 0.005), antigen CD57 (p = 0.005) and surface glycoprotein CD38 (p = 0.015) on CD8+ T lymphocytes has been revealed. Conclusion: Immune monitoring performed on peripheral blood can be used for the assessment of immunosuppression therapy on transplant recipients’ immune response and for determining the risk of rejection. Key words: heart transplantation, acute rejection, and immune activation
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Mahmoud, Fadia, Fatema Habeeb, Nirmina Arifhodzic, David Haines, and Ladislav Novotny. "T Lymphocyte Activation Profiles in Peripheral Blood of Long-Versus Short-Term Residents of Kuwait: Comparison with Asthmatics." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 39, no. 11 (2010): 854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n11p854.
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Introduction: During the Arabian Gulf Wars of 1991 and 2003, the resident population of Kuwait sustained heavy exposure to environmental toxicants introduced by military activities. No comprehensive studies have been conducted to assess how exposure to the wartime and postwar environment may have altered the fundamental patterns of immune reactivity among Kuwaitis in ways that affect pathogenesis of disease. This present study addresses this issue by characterising immunological features of asthma and allergies in a Kuwaiti population that is unique and possibly correlates with toxicant exposures. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five long-term residents of Kuwait afflicted with bronchial asthma concurrent with rhinitis; and 2 healthy control groups: 18 long-term residents and 10 newcomers to Kuwait were evaluated by 2- and 3-colour flow cytometry for peripheral blood T cell subpopulation frequencies. Results: Relative to healthy, long-term residents, significantly elevated frequencies of all activated cell phenotypes were observed in the blood of the asthmatic group (P <0.05 to P <0.001), except for CD8+HLA-DR+ cells and a presumed T-regulatory (Treg) subpopulation: CD4+CD25high. The asthmatic group was also observed to have larger populations of CD3+ (pan-T cells), CD4+ (T helper cells) and CD8+ (cytotoxic T cells), CD3+CD56 (NKT-like cells) and CD56+CD16+ (NK cells) compared to healthy long-term residents. Compared to healthy recent immigrants, the blood of long-term residents contained elevated levels of CD3+CD56+ (NK-like), CD4+CD45RA+/CD45RO+ (Naive-to-Memory Transitional), but lower CD4+CD25+high (Treg) (P <0.05). Conclusions: Elevated representation of natural killer (NKT)-like and memory phenotypes may predispose long-term residents towards enhanced susceptibility for airway disease; while at the same time, reducing representation of Treg cells which are protective against airway disease, and this may increase vulnerability to these syndromes among the residents of Kuwait. These results may provide insight into the features of immunopathogenesis of asthma and allergies in Kuwait that arise as a result of the special environment of the country. Key words: Asthma, Immune reactivity, Kuwait, Rhinitis, T cells
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Naseeb, Summaira, Parvez Ahmed, Shahzad Nasir, et al. "Immune Reconstitution Following Allogeneic HSCT in Hematological Diseases." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 7337. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-201958.
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Objective: To evaluate immune reconstitution following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Study Design: Retrospective cohort study Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Bone Marrow Transplant, Quaid-e-Azam International Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan; from January 2023 to January 2024. Methodology: We evaluated 50 adult and pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT for malignant and nonmalignant diseases from year 2022 to 2023. Absolute lymphocyte count, lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin levels were performed at 6 and 12 months post-transplant. Patients who did not have complete medical records or faced graft failure/rejection before 6 months post-transplant were excluded from the study. Results: In our study absolute lymphocyte count recovery was observed in 94% of patients on D+180 that increased to 100% on D+365. The average number of cells being 2599.84/μL (SD=1281.742) and 2926.96 μL (SD=1065.378) on D+180 and D+365 respectively. By day 180 post-transplant, 84% of patients had achieved CD3+CD8+ recovery, while CD16+CD56+ and CD19+ cell recovery was seen in 74% and 56% cases respectively. Day +180 CD3+CD4+ recovery was seen in only 8% patients that increased to 21% by day +365. Normal lymphocyte recovery values at day 365 post-transplant were: CD3+CD8+ in 84% patients, CD16+CD56+ and CD19+ cells in 78% patients. Early CD3+CD4+ recovery was seen in patients with age &lt;18 years, non-malignant diseases and with no or minimal GVHD but the values were not statistically significant. Age adjusted normal immunoglobulin levels for IgG, IgM and IgA by day +180 were achieved in 92%, 90% and 84% patients while after 1 year 98%, 90% and 96% patients had normal levels of IgG, IgM and IgA respectively. Patients receiving CD34+ dose &gt;5 x 106/kg had significantly early neutrophil engraftment (p=0.025); mean 11.40 days (SD 1.67) versus 13.76 days (SD 1.43) for CD34 dose ≤ 5 x 106/kg. . Conclusion: Majority of the patients achieved normal immunoglobulin levels and lymphocyte subsets by day 180 post HSCT while CD3+CD8+ T cell recovery was seen in 8% and 21% patient by day 180 and 365 post-transplant, respectively. Key Words: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant, lymphocyte subsets, immune reconstitution
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CDR Key words"
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Jacobs, Jonathan. "Mezi Westbindung a Ostpolitik: Rekonceptualizace německo-ruských vztahů v letech 2014-2017." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408911.
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German-Russian relations have remained strong since the Cold War, despite continuing in traditions of multilateralism and integrated into the Western order. Despite recent tensions and deterioration since the Ukraine Crisis, German-Russian relations are a subject of intense debate between the political parties CDU/CSU and SPD that governed Germany in a coalition from 2014-2017. This thesis utilises a social constructivist method to focus on social factors and party-political legacies relevant in the evolving relationship. It then analyses the evolving discourse of the parties about Russia in the years 2014-2017, focusing on the different ways the discourse uses and connects with the factors and legacies. Although a parallel movement is discerned between the foreign policy positions of the CDU/CSU and SPD, the parties' positions do not converge but remain in conflict about the future of European security, cooperation with Russia and the desired foreign policy role of Germany. Throughout, the analysis suggests that contemporary theories about German-Russian relations and about Germany's foreign policy role should look at the internal debates and factors to get a more complete picture of German foreign policy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
Books on the topic "CDR Key words"
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Application of a Coating System to Interior Surfaces of New and Used Rail Tank Cars. AMPP, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/nace_sp0295-2008.
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Scope Covers requirements for surface preparation, coatings, application, inspection, and quality tests for internally coating a tank car. The standard emphasizes that corrosion and product contamination are major factors that must be considered in the design of tank cars transporting liquid commodities. Key words: protective coatings, rail cars, tanks.
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Morrison, William. The Savvy Negotiator. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216010982.
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Life is a series of negotiations—from who will make the morning coffee to the landing of a multi-million-dollar contract. Each successful negotiation is a victory, but how is success measured? And after a negotiation is completed, what are the implications for the future? In The Savvy Negotiator, William Morrison addresses these questions in the context of two simple, but profound, ideas: (1) We negotiate to set the ground rules for a future relationship; (2) We negotiate to satisfy our needs. In other words, a negotiation is not simply a transaction, but an opportunity to develop a dynamic relationship; whatever the outcome, there will be future effects. If a negotiation is not designed to provide some benefit to the negotiator, there is no reason to engage. Morrison develops these themes against the backdrop of a general evolution in negotiation theory and practice—from an antagonistic WIN/LOSE approach to the more collaborative WIN/WIN approach. Through dozens of engaging examples, from business and other areas (such as home and car buying), he demonstrates the eight key concepts that underlie any negotiation, and offers many practical strategies for conducting successful and satisfying negotiations in virtually any situation. Along the way, he highlights such timely issues as the role of ethics in negotiation and the impact of the Internet on communication dynamics.
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McPherson, Gary E., and Graham F. Welch, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Music Education, Volume 1. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199730810.001.0001.
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Music education takes place in many contexts, both formal and informal. Be it in a school or music studio, while making music with friends or family, or even while travelling in a car, walking through a shopping mall or watching television, our myriad sonic experiences accumulate from the earliest months of life to foster our facility for making sense of the sound worlds in which we live. The Oxford Handbook of Music Education, which comprises of two volumes, offers an overview of the many facets of musical experience, behavior, and development in relation to this diverse variety of contexts. In this first volume, articles discuss a range of key issues and concepts associated with music learning and teaching. The volume then focuses on these processes as they take place during childhood, from infancy through adolescence and primarily in the school-age years. Exploring how children across the globe learn and make music, and the skills and attributes gained when they do so, these articles examine the means through which music educators can best meet young people's musical needs. The second volume of the set brings the exploration beyond the classroom and into later life. Whether they are used individually or in tandem, the two volumes of this text update and redefine the discipline, and show how individuals across the world learn, enjoy, and share the power and uniqueness of music.
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Borne, Barbara. 100 Research Topic Guides for Students. Libraries Unlimited, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400605406.
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Hand them this easy-to-use, comprehensive guide to researching 100 popular research papers, and high school students will get off on the right track on their research papers. Designed by a reference and young adult librarian for use in her library, this guide saves both student and librarian time and is a shortcut to effective research. Each photocopyable guide will help the student to locate print and nonprint information about the topic, narrow the scope of the paper, and find related topics. This will reduce student frustration in the research process and introduce the student to the full scope of materials the library has to offer on the topic. Each guide serves not only as a map to library resources but as an outline of library research procedures. From abortion to youth gangs, the 100 topic guides are organized into sections on science and technology, social issues, social studies, and biography. Each guide contains a capsule description of the topic, call numbers for shelf browsing, subject headings, pamphlet file sources, reference materials, book and CD-ROM periodical indexes, online databases, key words and descriptors to use in searching indexes and databases, a list of videotapes on the topic, fiction relating to the topic, organizations to contact for further information, suggestions for narrowing the topic, and suggestions for related topics. In addition to the guides, an appendix of aids to research will help students with note-taking, bibliographic citations, and electronic database searching. The book is thoroughly indexed for easy access of topic information by students and librarians. Once you use these topic guides you'll wonder how you and your students ever got along without them.
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Porter, David L. African-American Sports Greats. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400608285.
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African-American athletes have played a significant role in the development and popularity of American professional sports, and have encountered numerous obstacles on the road to athletic success. This is the first comprehensive multi-sport biographical dictionary of African Americans who reached the pinnacles of success in their sport. It contains more personal and career profiles of African-American sports greats than are found in any other single source. Biographical profiles of 166 noted athletes, coaches, and administrators in team and individual sports include both Ristorical figures such as Jesse Owens and Satchel Paige and contemporary stars such as Charles Barkley, Ken Griffey, Jr., Michael Jordan, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Shaquille O'Neal, and Emmitt Smith. Forty-four sports historians contributed the colorfully written biographies, which blend both personal background information and athletic career accomplishments. All information is current through the middle of 1995. The dictionary covers the contributions made by African-American greats in football, baseball, basketball, track and field, boxing, wrestling, auto and stock car racing, golf, thoroughbred racing, tennis, cycling, and figure skating. More than two-thirds of the entries represent team sports. The dictionary is organized alphabetically by person. Each colorfully written profile is 800-1,000 words in length and traces the subject's personal life, family and educational background, personal struggles, career accomplishments, records set, statistical data, awards and honors, and overall impact; and features lively quotations by and about the sports luminaries. Each entry contains a handy bibliography of books and articles about the subject. Biographies of managers, coaches, and club executives describe their teams, statistical achievements, accomplishments, strategy, and sports impact. A general introduction traces the historic struggle of African-American athletes in professional and Olympic sports and appendices provide alphabetical listings of biographical entries and entries by sport. A selection of photos complement the profiles. For the sports fan or librarian, this is a first stop for biographical information that captures the personality of the athlete and includes all the pertinent information about his or her accomplishments. It is an essential addition to the reference sections of junior high, high school, and public libraries.
Book chapters on the topic "CDR Key words"
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Schöneburg, Rodolfo, and Karl-Heinz Baumann. "What the Car Industry Can Do: Mercedes-Benz’ View." In The Vision Zero Handbook. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_29.
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AbstractThe car industry faces some extreme challenges. Alongside the key task that we face of making individual transport climate-neutral, and alongside the new technological opportunities for communication and networking across our whole environment, it is clear that the user behavior of vehicle drivers and of all other road users is also going to change. Bearing all these aspects in mind, our overriding goal remains to make the traffic on our roads safer. Many of the activities in this context are summarized in the Mercedes-Benz “Vision of accident-free driving.” The current plateauing of road fatality statistics across the countries of the West is a clear signal that we need to intensify our efforts even further. And indeed, there are still plenty of levers that can be applied in order to optimize and improve these figures.Following a review of the current situation from the perspective of Mercedes-Benz, the opportunities for further optimization of vehicle safety are now presented in the guise of the latest Experimental Safety Vehicle, ESF 2019, which above all addresses the new possibilities offered by increasing connectivity and automation. Many of the innovative concepts under consideration have a chance of reaching the market in future vehicles, either as they are or in a modified form; in other cases the discussion around them will lead to new ideas and proposed solutions.The Integral Safety Strategy by Mercedes-Benz is a holistic approach that defines safety in four phases: (1) safe driving, (2) assisting in a critical driving situation with accident prevention systems and anticipatory protection elements such as PRE-SAFE® systems, (3) during a crash, for example, occupant and partner protection, and, finally, (4) after a crash, deploy systems for the rescue phase. All four phases must be high priorities during the development of the vehicle.Even with an optimistic view of the vehicle-based opportunities, this chapter will demonstrate that vehicle measures alone will not be sufficient to solve all traffic safety issues, as road transportation is just too complex. All the factors that impact road safety, and which will need to play their part in delivering “Vision Zero,” must be addressed; in other words, infrastructural measures and people in traffic, too. As with the Mercedes-Benz strategy of Integral Safety, we shall only be able to make major advances toward “Vision Zero” if all influencing factors are properly investigated as part of an integrated examination of road safety.
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Schöneburg, Rodolfo, and Karl-Heinz Baumann. "What the Car Industry Can Do, Mercedes-Benz’ View." In The Vision Zero Handbook. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_29-1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe car industry faces some extreme challenges. Alongside the key task that we face of making individual transport climate-neutral, and alongside the new technological opportunities for communication and networking across our whole environment, it is clear that the user behavior of vehicle drivers and of all other road users is also going to change. Bearing all these aspects in mind, our overriding goal remains to make the traffic on our roads safer. Many of the activities in this context are summarized in the Mercedes-Benz “Vision of accident-free driving.” The current plateauing of road fatality statistics across the countries of the West is a clear signal that we need to intensify our efforts even further. And indeed, there are still plenty of levers that can be applied in order to optimize and improve these figures.Following a review of the current situation from the perspective of Mercedes-Benz, the opportunities for further optimization of vehicle safety are now presented in the guise of the latest Experimental Safety Vehicle, ESF 2019, which above all addresses the new possibilities offered by increasing connectivity and automation. Many of the innovative concepts under consideration have a chance of reaching the market in future vehicles, either as they are or in a modified form; in other cases the discussion around them will lead to new ideas and proposed solutions.The Integral Safety Strategy by Mercedes-Benz is a holistic approach that defines safety in four phases: (1) safe driving, (2) assisting in a critical driving situation with accident prevention systems and anticipatory protection elements such as PRE-SAFE® systems, (3) during a crash, for example, occupant and partner protection, and, finally, (4) after a crash, deploy systems for the rescue phase. All four phases must be high priorities during the development of the vehicle.Even with an optimistic view of the vehicle-based opportunities, this article will demonstrate that vehicle measures alone will not be sufficient to solve all traffic safety issues, as road transportation is just too complex. All the factors that impact road safety, and which will need to play their part in delivering “Vision Zero,” must be addressed; in other words, infrastructural measures and people in traffic, too. As with the Mercedes-Benz strategy of Integral Safety, we shall only be able to make major advances toward “Vision Zero” if all influencing factors are properly investigated as part of an integrated examination of road safety.
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Moyo, Marvellous, Tawanda Mushiri, and Habib Noorbhai. "Design of a Sustainable Rescue and First Aid Drone-Based System for Passenger Car Occupants." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_117.
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AbstractMedical emergencies transpire in passenger cars where most victims fail to access immediate medical assistance bringing about worsening of their health or death. Incorporation of rescue and first aid drone-based systems in Emergency Medical Services has been proposed. The objectives being improving response time of Emergency Medical Services, assessing the victim’s health, assisting in administration of first aid, real time live feed of victim’s vitals to the responders and mainly to outline how sustainability in healthcare can be achieved through adaptation of the proposed system. The key features of the first aid drone-based system include: a compact, architecture, aerodynamically optimized architecture and high strength to weight ratio. Solid Works has been used for modelling and simulation of the proposed system. Results showed that the maximum stress (295MPa) experienced in the link is less than the yield strength of carbon fiber (1000MPa), therefore, the design is safe. Findings also showed that, the proposed system can help to further bridge the gap between technology and healthcare, hence making the current healthcare system more relevant in future. Recommendations have been made on improving the software design of the system. Further studies on the design of quadcopters with high range, payload, endurance and speed has been proposed. Overall, the research focused on how robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Internet of Things (Industry 4.0) can been used to improve Emergency Medical Services response to health emergencies.
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Debost, Michel. "Keys." In The Simple Flute. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195145212.003.0043.
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Abstract I rarely mention the word technique. I am not naturally inclined to technical things, and I am afraid, if not resentful, of machines. We are expected to blindly respect CDs, edited to so-called perfection, tape recorders that sound either too awful or too good, breathing contraptions that simulate life, tuners to have perfect ears, metronomes to have perfect rhythm. It’s all for sale. Having said this, I must admit that I am writing on a word processor. The ASPCA no longer tolerates plucking geese to make quills, and my fountain pen is reserved for checks and love letters. Instrumental playing includes all the aspects of our dear flute: tone, fingers, articulation, slurring, pitch, vibrato, breath. One may feel weaker in one area or another, but working on one without thinking about the others leads nowhere. Not even interpretation is instinctual. It involves thought and practical solutions. There is a technique of phrasing just as there is a musical approach to instrumental problems. Even when the tone is beautiful in one area, shifts in range or articulation, clumsy attacks, and faulty slurs can ruin a perfectly good musical intention. Let us use as an example the first part, the andantino, of the Fauré Fantaisie. There are many more illustrations, but this piece is well known to flutists of all levels. Besides, it is one of those things that look deceptively simple. The allegro is scary, with its runs and rapid tonguing. But after two lines of the andantino, everyone has a good idea of how you play, and this innocent-looking phrase is not as easy as you thought.
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Borch, Anita, and Signe Beate Sveen Andresen. "Skoletilhørighet: I randsonen av helsesykepleieres arbeid blant barn fra familier med lav inntekt." In https://cdforskning.no/cdf/catalog/book/250. Cappelen Damm Forskning/NOASP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.23865/cdf.250.ch10.
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School belonging, in short, referring to children’s sense of being respected and included in school, reduces absenteeism and high dropout rates. Based on a qualitative study of public health nurses, this chapter examines experiences related to work aiming to increase school belonging among children of low-income families. The analysis indicates that school nurses have an ambivalent relationship with the work on school belonging. They feel that they have a unique position to promote children’s school belonging, but do not perceive this work as part of the core of their profession, as it is not primarily intended to promote children’s health, but to improve their relationship with school. The analysis also shows that the work of promoting children’s school belonging has its challenges, and the school nurses have many suggestions for how this work can be strengthened. An important observation is that school nurses experience their daily tasks as unclear and diffuse, which is why they feel the need to narrow them down to the core area of the profession. More policy-oriented work aimed at incorporating school belonging into the primary tasks of school health services may therefore be necessary to strengthen the nurses’ work in this area. Another key observation is that low income can be difficult to identify and address. Since this is a challenge that affects not only the work of health nurses but also everyone who works with children from low-income families, this should be given attention in further studies.
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Withers, Jeremy. "Messenger Skateboards and Messenger Bikes in Postcyberpunk." In Futuristic Cars and Space Bicycles. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621754.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on several important postcyberpunk works from the 1990s by Neal Stephenson, William Gibson, and Bruce Sterling. All these works celebrate transportation technologies such as skateboards and bicycles, technologies that challenge the car and its dominance over the road. Furthermore, an interest in transport machines helps these texts demonstrate some of the key features that scholars have identified as setting postcyberpunk apart from the classic cyberpunk of the 1980s, as well as some of the features they see as building continuity between the two.
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Mundy, Simon, and Esmée Schilte. "The Future of Broadcasting." In Key Issues in the Arts and Entertainment Industry. Goodfellow Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-906884-20-8-1430.
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At the end of the last century, a dictionary could confidently define broadcasting as the transmission of a signal for television or radio. Within a decade, every element of that definition had changed. Transmission had branched out from the cumbersome business of placing masts bearing receivers and transmitters at the highest vantage points across the countryside. A signal was no longer confined to the band waves that the air could carry — invisible streams snaking their way across the landscape: Ultra High Frequency (UHF) carrying television, as long as the hills weren’t in the way; Very High Frequency (VHF or FM)carrying wonderful quality sound, as long as the same hills were not joined by chimneys, bodies, the wrong sort of cloud or stonework; Long Wave, unstoppable by anything except distance, it seemed,carrying cricket and the shipping forecast across Europe and far out to sea; Medium Wave(AM), the carrier of choice for hosts of daytime local music stations and great for listening in the car, but hopeless when night fell and the waves went bouncing around the ionosphere bringing martial music from Albania where the football commentary should have been; and Short Wave — the touchiest of the wave bands, that made catching the words as hard as catching fish, but finally gave national broadcasters a global reach.
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Citino, Nathan J. "Gender, Domesticity and Speed: American Petro-Modernity." In Life Worlds of Middle Eastern Oil. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399506144.003.0012.
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The presence of the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) in Saudi Arabia constituted part of what Stefanie LeMenager has called ‘petro-modernity’. Petro-modernity established hierarchies between and within societies where Western corporations and governments built neo-colonial economic relations with formally independent, oil-producing states. This gendered, post-war order was characterised not only by masculine technologies of speed that relied on hydrocarbons, such as the automobile and the airplane, but also by a domesticity focused on consumerism. A complementarity between speed and domesticity was created both in the car-centred suburbs of post-war America and in the Saudi Eastern Province, which became a key site of global hydrocarbon production as well as home to communities built for oil workers and their families. Power hierarchies within petro-modernity were challenged at every level, from labour strikes in the oil industry, to demands by women including the right to drive, and the price hikes and embargo imposed by Arab oil producers on the United States during the 1970s.
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Chakraborty, Debapriya, and Satyapriya Roy. "HIV AND SARS COV-2 CO-INFECTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." In Futuristic Trends in Medical Sciences Volume 3 Book 2. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bbms2p4ch1.
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Introduction: COVID-19 consequences are more likely to affect patients with co-morbidities. According to the recent research, HIV positive individuals are not at a higher risk for COVID-19 than the general population. This systematic study was done to find out how COVID-19 affected individuals who were HIV-positive. Aim: The study was aimed to conduct a systematic assessment of recent research papers that examined the effects of co-infection with SARS-COV 2 and HIV. Materials and Methods: PRISMA standards were followed to conduct a systematic review. A thorough literature search was done in Web of Science, Medline, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Pubmed Central using key words and headings related to HIV and Covid-19 co-infection. Results: After removing duplicate entries, 100 articles were found. Following screening, 14 studies with a total of 148 HIV-infected patients were evaluated. Further research is needed to determine the prognosis of Covid-19 patients, and because co-infected individuals have impaired immune systems, they should be checked for opportunistic infections. Conclusion: According to the recent studies and current review it was found that patients with less severe Covid-19 symptoms had normal cd4 count. As of now, co-infection with Covid-19 is not thought to be a danger with a well-managed HIV infection. So, more studies are required in this field to identify why patients with low Cd4 count experiences more severe infections.
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Zhang, Zhaoyuan, Zhenbing Liu, and Haoxiang Lu. "Partial Label Learning via Cost-Guided Retraining." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia240737.
Full textAbstract:
In partial label learning, each training sample corresponds to a set of candidate labels. The ground-truth label, hidden within this set, cannot be directly obtained during the training phase. The key to solving the partial label learning problem is to obtain ground-truth labels through label disambiguation. Existing works often rely on the label averaging assumption and do not fully investigate the class imbalance. Tail ground-truth labels are often overwhelmed by head pseudo-labels. The incorrectly identified labels could have contagiously negative impacts on the final predictions. In this paper, we propose a cost-guided retraining strategy, which achieves guidance and correction of disambiguation results, and provides instance-based class imbalance concerns for candidate labels. This approach significantly enhances the algorithm’s ability to handle class imbalance problems. The superiority of our method is demonstrated using 8 real-world datasets and 5 evaluation metrics. Code is available at https://github.com/DerrickZzyR/PL-CGR
Conference papers on the topic "CDR Key words"
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Романчук, Алексей. "Romanian harnic ‘industrious, hardworking’ and Ukrainian [гарник] ‘cart worker’ as a key to the etymology of Ukrainian гарний ‘beautiful, good’". У Simpozion internațional de etnologie: Tradiții și procese etnice, Ediția III. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975841733.27.
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Th e author suggests a new etymology of Ukrainian гарний ‚beautiful, good‘ and Romanian harnic ‘industrious, hardworking’. He thinks that a Slavic (of the Proto-Slavic time) verb with the meaning ‘to work hard’ was the source of both mentioned lexeme. Th e origin of this Slavic verb can be explained through the analysis of two other Ukrainian dialectal words, that are semantically close to each other, but diff ering in phonetics and, as some researchers believe, by origin. Th e mentioned words are [гара] и [ґара], with the meaning ‘a cart with a box for transporting earth or sand; a sledge for transporting large loads’. Th e semantic identity of both words (that are very close in phonetics also) do not allow us to consider their origin separately. Th e phonetic diff erence has to be explained by the diff erence in the time of borrowing. Th us, the author thinks that the ProtoSlavic verb, which become the source for Ukrainian [гарувати], гарний (as well as [гарник] ‘cart worker’), and Romanian harnic, came from a word borrowed during the Proto-Slavic time with the meaning ‚cart’. Th e author thinks that this borrowed word comes not from German Karre ‘kart, wheelbarrow’, but Romanian car ‚cart‘.
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Abazova, Z. Kh, A. B. Ivanov, I. Kh Borukaeva, and K. Yu Shkhagumov. "Normobaric interval hypoxytherapy in the correction of neuroimmunoendocrine disorders in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis." In VIII Vserossijskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Mediko-fiziologicheskie problemy jekologii cheloveka». Publishing center of Ulyanovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/mpphe.2021-3-6.
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130 children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years with a diagnosis of autoimmune thy-roiditis (AIT) at the stage of hypothyroidism underwent a course of hypoxytherapy. The high ef-ficiency of the normobaric interval hypoxic training method in the treatment of hypothyroidism on the background of AIT is shown. An increase in the function and number of CD8+ cells after a course of hypoxytherapy prevents the progression of the autoimmune process and promotes the restoration of thyroid function, which in turn leads to positive dynamics in the neurological status of patients: improved indicators of mental performance and fine coordination of move-ments. 
 Key words: autoimmune thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hypoxytherapy, interval hypoxic training, neuroimmunoendocrine disorders.
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Chen, C. Q., G. B. Ang, Z. X. Xing, et al. "Non-Visible Defect Analysis of OTP Device." In ISTFA 2011. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2011p0198.
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Abstract Several product lots were found to suffer from data retention failures in OTP (one time program) devices. PFA (physical failure analysis) was performed on these devices, but nothing abnormal was observed. Cross-sectional TEM (transmission electron microscopy) revealed no physical defects or abnormal CDs (critical dimensions). In order to isolate the failed layer or location, electrical analysis was conducted. Several electrical simulation experiments, designed to test the data retention properties of OTP devices, were preformed. Meilke's method [1] was also used to differentiate between mobile ion contamination and charge trap centers. Besides Meilke's method, a new electrical analysis method was used to verify the analysis results. The results of our analysis suggests that SiN charge trap centers are the root cause for the data retention failures, and the ratio of Si/N is the key to charge trap center formation. Auger analysis was used to physically check the Si/N ratio of OTP devices. The results support our hypothesis. Subsequent DOE (Design Of Experiment) experiments also confirm our analysis results. Key Words: OTP, data retention, Non-visible defect, AFP, charge trap center, mobile ion.
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Baratta, Mirko, Andrea Emilio Catania, and Alessandro Ferrari. "Hydraulic Circuit Design Keys to Remove the Dependence of the Injected Fuel Amount on Dwell Time in Multi-Jet C.R. Systems." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1426.
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In Multijet Common Rail (C.R.) systems, the capability to manage multiple injections with full flexibility in the choice of the dwell time (DT) between consecutive solenoid current pulses is one of the most relevant design targets. Pressure oscillations triggered by the nozzle closure after each injection event induce disturbances in the amount of fuel injected during subsequent injections. This causes a remarkable dispersion in the mass of fuel delivered by each injection shot when DT is varied. The present works aims at investigating hydraulic circuit design keys to improve multiple injection performance of C.R. systems, by virtually removing the dependence of the injected fuel amount on DT. A Multi-Jet C.R. of the latest solenoid-type generation was experimentally tested at engine-like operating conditions on a high performance test bench. The considerable influence that the injector supplying pipe can exert on induced pressure oscillation frequency and amplitude was widely investigated and a physical explanation of cause-effect relationships was found by energetics considerations, starting from experimental tests. An optimization study was carried out to identify the best geometrical configurations of the injector supplying pipes so as to minimize pressure oscillations. The analysis was carried out with the aid of a previously developed simple zero-dimensional model, allowing the evaluation of pressure wave frequencies as functions of main system geometric data. Purposely designed orifices were introduced into the rail-pipe connectors or at the injector inlet, so as to damp pressure oscillations. Their effects on injection system performance were experimentally analyzed. Hydraulic circuit solutions that apply both optimized injector inlet-pipe sizes and oscillation damping orifices at the rail outlet were thoroughly investigated. Finally, the influence of the rail volume on pressure wave dynamics was studied to evaluate the possibility of severely reducing the rail capacitance. This would lead to a system, not only with reduced overall dimensions, but also with a prompter dynamic response during engine transients.
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Bella, G., and V. K. Krastev. "On the RANS Modeling of Turbulent Airflow Over a Simplified Car Model." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-23006.
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The need for reliable CFD simulation tools is a key factor for today’s automotive industry, especially for what concerns aerodynamic design driven by critical factors such as the engine cooling system optimization and the reduction of drag forces, both limited by continuously changing stylistic constraints. The Ahmed body [1] is a simplified car model nowadays largely accepted as a test-case prototype of a modern passenger car because in its aerodynamic behavior is possible to recognize many of the typical features of a light duty vehicle. Several previous works have pointed out that the flow region which presents the major contribution to the overall aerodynamic drag, and which presents severe problems to numerical predictions and experimental studies as well, is the wake flow behind the vehicle model. In particular, a more exact simulation of the wake and separation process seems to be essential for the accuracy of drag predictions. In this paper a numerical investigation of flow around the Ahmed body, performed with the open-source CFD toolbox OpenFOAM®, is presented. Two different slant rear angle configurations have been considered and several RANS turbulence models, as well as different wall treatments, have been implemented on a hybrid unstructured computational grid. Pressure drag predictions and other flow features, especially in terms of flow structures and velocity field in the wake region, have been critically compared with the experimental data available in the literature and with some prior RANS-based numerical studies.
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Carolan, Michael, Michelle Muhlanger, Benjamin Perlman, and David Tyrell. "Occupied Volume Integrity Testing: Elastic Test Results and Analyses." In ASME 2011 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2011-67010.
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The Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Volpe Center have been conducting research into developing an alternative method of demonstrating the occupied volume integrity (OVI) of passenger rail equipment through a combination of testing and analysis. This research has been performed as a part of FRA Office of Research and Development’s Railroad Safety Research and Development program, which provides technical data to support safety rulemaking and enforcement programs of the FRA Office of Railroad Safety. Previous works have been published on a series of full-scale, quasi-static tests intended to examine the load path through the occupant volume of conventional passenger cars retrofitted with crash energy management (CEM) systems. This paper reports on the most recent testing and analysis results. Before performing any tests of proposed alternative loading techniques, an elastic test of the passenger car under study was conducted. The elastic test served both to aid in validating the finite element (FE) model and to verify the suitability of the test car to further loading. In January, 2011, an 800,000 pound conventional buff strength test was performed on Budd Pioneer 244. This test featured arrays of vertical, lateral, and longitudinal displacement transducers to better distinguish between the deformation modes and rigid body motions of the passenger car. Pre-test car repairs included straightening a dent in one side sill and installing patches over cracks found in the side sills. Additionally, lateral restraints were added to the test frame due to concerns in previous tests associated with lateral shift in the frame. As a part of this testing program, a future test of a passenger car is planned to examine an alternative load path through the occupied volume. In the case of Pioneer 244, this load path places load on the floor and roof energy absorber support structures. Loading the occupant volume in this manner more closely simulates the loading the car would experience during a collision. FE analysis was used in conjunction with full-scale testing in this research effort. An FE model of the Pioneer car was constructed and the 800-kip test was analyzed. The 800-kip test results were then compared to the analysis results and the model was adjusted post-test so that satisfactory agreement was reached between the test and the model. In particular, the boundary conditions at the loading and reaction locations required careful attention to appropriately simulate the support conditions in the test. Because the 800-kip load was applied at the line of draft, this test results in significant bending as well as axial load on the car. To ensure that both the axial and bending behaviors are captured in the model, the key results that were compared between test and model are the longitudinal force-displacement behavior and the vertical deflections at various points along the car. The post-test model exhibited good agreement with the compared test results. The validated model will be used to examine the behavior of the occupant volume when loaded along the alternative load path.
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Maradey Lazaro, Jessica Gissella, Kevin Sebastián Cáceres Mojica, and Silvia Juliana Navarro Quintero. "Advanced Control Techniques for Semi-Active Suspension Systems." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24447.
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Abstract Semiactive suspension system provides comfort and precise support for any type of driving in vehicles. Their main feature consists in the modification of the damping coefficient by applying an external control. Commonly, these suspensions work with non-linear dampers, such as magnetorheological, electrorheological, pneumatic, dry friction, among others; which generate a discontinuous behavior of force, causing an annoying noise known as “chattering”; however, this can be deleted by the correct application of the control technique. So, control strategy selection is a key task in the modeling of dynamic behavior and to describe the variation of characteristics, as well as to achieve the best vehicle’s driving experience in terms of comfort, performance, reliability, stability, and safety. This article shows three advanced control techniques used to design a semi-active vehicle suspension taking the quarter car as the model. From the review of the state of the art, relevant works and authors on the subject are reported. After, the application of the control techniques is shown together with the results obtained, specially, the performance of the system is carried out by means of computer simulations in the Matlab/Simulink virtual environment, accompanied by near-reality disturbances to verify the effectiveness of this study.
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Mayor, J. Rhett, Megan Bezaitis, Negar Oromi, Emily Winters, and Alex Repp. "Modeling and Evaluation of FSAE Vehicle Cockpit Ergonomics." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-01-8610.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper seeks to define an analytical approach to ergonomic cockpit design for SAE formula style vehicles. The proposed approach uses a data driven driver model based on RAMSIS ergonomic FEA that considers the discomfort, fatigue, and force availability to evaluate cockpit designs that are generated considering defined constraint inputs, such as driver gender and size. The multifunctional model is applicable to various settings of vehicle design and is tuned toward proving performance in operation tasks, as well as setting the groundwork for a multi-variable optimization to determine the preferred driver controls positions for minimum effort and fatigue. In this initial research, RAMSIS ergonomic software is used to generate fatigue and joint discomfort data related to individual joint angles. Anthropometric data is used to calculate the proportional limb lengths from an individual’s gender and height percentile. The optimization function works by selecting a range of driver percentiles and creating random vehicle control positions within the bounds established. From this, each driver is positioned in the car in a random configuration and inverse kinematics calculations evaluate the driver’s limb and joint angles in the driving position. Using the discomfort and fatigue values in the ergonomic dataset, the penalty function evaluates each driving position. The optimization function works towards a minimum discomfort and fatigue rating using provided convergence criteria. Once the acceptance criteria are met, the optimal cockpit position for the desired range of driver percentiles is reported from the position function. A visualization of the optimum driver position for minimum comfort and fatigue is generated from the results of the algorithm, taking into account the constraints and key cockpit features.</div></div>
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Wahid, Ali, Steven Munkeby, and Samuel Sambasivam. "Machine Learning-based Flu Forecasting Study Using the Official Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Twitter Data." In InSITE 2021: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4773.
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Aim/Purpose: In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tracks the disease activity using data collected from medical practices on a weekly basis. Collection of data by CDC from medical practices on a weekly basis leads to a lag time of approximately 2 weeks before any viable action can be planned. The 2-week delay problem was addressed in the study by creating machine learning models to predict flu outbreak. Background: The 2-week delay problem was addressed in the study by correlation of the flu trends identified from Twitter data and official flu data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in combination with creating a machine learning model using both data sources to predict flu outbreak. Methodology: A quantitative correlational study was performed using a quasi-experimental design. Flu trends from the CDC portal and tweets with mention of flu and influenza from the state of Georgia were used over a period of 22 weeks from December 29, 2019 to May 30, 2020 for this study. Contribution: This research contributed to the body of knowledge by using a simple bag-of-word method for sentiment analysis followed by the combination of CDC and Twitter data to generate a flu prediction model with higher accuracy than using CDC data only. Findings: The study found that (a) there is no correlation between official flu data from CDC and tweets with mention of flu and (b) there is an improvement in the performance of a flu forecasting model based on a machine learning algorithm using both official flu data from CDC and tweets with mention of flu. Recommendations for Practitioners: In this study, it was found that there was no correlation between the official flu data from the CDC and the count of tweets with mention of flu, which is why tweets alone should be used with caution to predict a flu out-break. Based on the findings of this study, social media data can be used as an additional variable to improve the accuracy of flu prediction models. It is also found that fourth order polynomial and support vector regression models offered the best accuracy of flu prediction models. Recommendation's for Researchers: Open-source data, such as Twitter feed, can be mined for useful intelligence benefiting society. Machine learning-based prediction models can be improved by adding open-source data to the primary data set. Impact on Society: Key implication of this study for practitioners in the field were to use social media postings to identify neighborhoods and geographic locations affected by seasonal outbreak, such as influenza, which would help reduce the spread of the disease and ultimately lead to containment. Based on the findings of this study, social media data will help health authorities in detecting seasonal outbreaks earlier than just using official CDC channels of disease and illness reporting from physicians and labs thus, empowering health officials to plan their responses swiftly and allocate their resources optimally for the most affected areas. Future Research: A future researcher could use more complex deep learning algorithms, such as Artificial Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks, to evaluate the accuracy of flu outbreak prediction models as compared to the regression models used in this study. A future researcher could apply other sentiment analysis techniques, such as natural language processing and deep learning techniques, to identify context-sensitive emotion, concept extraction, and sarcasm detection for the identification of self-reporting flu tweets. A future researcher could expand the scope by continuously collecting tweets on a public cloud and applying big data applications, such as Hadoop and MapReduce, to perform predictions using several months of historical data or even years for a larger geographical area. *** NOTE: This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 18, 63-81 At the bottom of this page, click DOWNLOAD PDF to download the published paper. ***
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Arosio, Franco, and Ingo Lange. "Lifetime Protection of Iron Casted Brake Discs for Electric Vehicles through Advanced Heat Treatment Technology." In EuroBrake 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/1978791eb2021-mds-006.
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The rise of Electrical Vehicles (EVs) is unstoppable and EVs will become a key part of the mainstream automotive market. According to recent post-COVID-19 scenarios based on IHS data, EVs will surge up to 14% of global passenger car sales in 2027 and go up to 57% in 2040. The electrification of future mobility concepts is going along with new requirements also for the brake system. EVs with regenerative braking applications utilize the traditional friction brakes in fewer circumstances due to recuperation: therefore the risk of superficial corrosion increases. In case of an emergency brake situation the basic requirement is that the braking surface will be free of corrosion to have maximum brake power. Thus, the corrosion-free condition on the braking surface is a safety requirement at any time. The state of the art solution consists of paintings or “coatings”, such as ultraviolet (UV)-hardening paint, Zn or Zn/Al paints, which can perform well in new conditions (e.g. up to 120 hours in standard UNI ISO 9227 salt fog chamber). But these solutions will be easily abraded within approximately 20 standard-condition braking applications. The corrosion-free condition during the lifetime of the disc is not achieved yet in the current state of the art; rust or corrosion can seriously downgrade the braking performances. This paper is describing an innovative 2-step process to improve the corrosion and wear resistance of standard cast iron brake discs. In the first step, the amount of undesired graphite lamellae will be reduced from the surface with customized parameters, according to the individual types of grey cast iron material of the substrate. This pre-process is followed by a thermochemical diffusion process including controlled oxidation of the substrate resulting in high corrosion protection of the rotors. The authors will produce proof of corrosion resistance up to 300 hours in salt conditions according to UNI ISO 9277. In addition, bench tests and vehicle endurance tests have been performed in cooperation with Tier 1 and OEMs and have shown increased wear resistance even with non-electric cars and with standard ECE brake pads. The novel surface solution could be also applied to non-functional areas of the brake disc like cooling channels, bell and swan neck in order to substitute the current paintings. In summary, the new 2-step heat treatment process is a price competitive solution for corrosion protection of functional and non-functional areas of iron casted brake discs over the entire lifetime, especially on EVs with strong recuperation. But this solution also works for hybrid and conventional cars in preferably on the rear axis with low-abrasive brake pads (e.g. NAO pads). Finally, even when the vehicle fleet goes all-electric, dust emission from brakes and tyres will still pollute the environment. Addressing this topic, the authors will provide an outlook of the ongoing activities to reduce brake dust emissions with innovative surface solutions.
Reports on the topic "CDR Key words"
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TANG, Denise Tse-Shang, Stefanie TENG, Celine TAN, Bonnie LAM, and Christina YUAN. Building inclusive workplaces for lesbians and bisexual women in Hong Kong’s financial services industry. Centre for Cultural Research and Development, Lingnan University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14793/ccrd2021001.
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Workplace inclusion is a core component of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Hong Kong. Workplace inclusion points to the need for employers to recognize diversity among employees, to acknowledge their contributions to the work environment and to raise professional standards for the work force. Diversity within a workplace indicates inclusion of persons with different backgrounds as in racial, ethnic, sex, health status, sexual orientation and gender identity. Women are already less represented at senior levels across various business sectors in Hong Kong. Lesbians and bisexual women face a double glass ceiling in the workplace as a result of both their gender and sexual orientation. Funded by Lingnan University’s Innovation and Impact Fund, and in partnership with Interbank Forum and Lesbians in Finance, Prof. Denise Tse-Shang Tang conducted an online survey and two focus groups targeting lesbians and bisexual women working in Hong Kong’s financial and banking industry. The aim of the study is to examine the specific challenges and barriers faced by lesbians and bisexual women in Hong Kong’s financial services industry. We found that only 37% of survey respondents were out at work, with 23% partially out to close colleagues. In other words, there are still key concerns with being out at work. On the issue of a glass ceiling for LGBT+ corporate employees, 18% of the survey respondents agreed and 47% somewhat agreed that such a ceiling exists. When asked whether it is harder for lesbians and bisexual women to come out in the workplace than it is for gay men, 32% agreed and 46% somewhat agreed. 27% agreed and 39% somewhat agreed with the statement that it is difficult for lesbians and bisexual women to climb up the corporate ladder. Other findings pointed to the low visibility of lesbians and bisexual women in corporate settings, lack of mentorship, increased levels of stress and anxiety, and the fear of being judged as both a woman and a lesbian. Masculine-presenting employees face significantly more scrutiny than cisgender female employees. Therefore, even though discussion on diversity and inclusion has been on the agenda for better corporate work environment in Hong Kong, there still remain gaps in raising awareness of lesbian and bisexual women’s issues.