Journal articles: 'CdS Material'

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Huang, Jian Feng, Qin Feng Zhang, Bao Yun Hu, Li Yun Cao, and Jian Peng Wu. "Effect of Cd²⁺ Concentration on the CdS Crystallites Prepared by Microwave Hydrothermal Process." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.203.

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Cadmium sulphide (CdS) crystallites were successfully prepared by a microwave hydrothermal (M–H) process using cadmium chloride (CdCl2·H2O) and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3·5H2O) as source material with different Cd2+ concentration. The phase, composition, morphology and optical property of the obtained crystallites were characterized by X–ray diffraction (XRD), field–emission scanning electron microscopy (FE–SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis). Results show that the crystalline structure of the prepared CdS crystallites changes regularly with the increase of Cd2+ concentration and the corresponding morphology of CdS crystallites transforms from tetrahedron to quasi-sphere. The quasi-spherical CdS is derived from the nanoparticles-assembly behavior. And with the increase of Cd2+ concentration, the decrease in CdS crystallite size is observed. Obvious blue–shift is detected in the UV–Vis absorption when Cd2+ concentration reaches 0.60 mol/L.

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Shajehan, Muhammad Rasyid Shah, Nurul Munirah Zamberi, Nur Afiqah Farihah Zaki, Anees Abdul Aziz, and Norhafizah Burham. "Simulation of Polyvinylidene Fluoride, Zinc Sulfide, and Cadmium Sulfide as Lead-Free Piezoelectric Material." Materials Science Forum 1055 (March 4, 2022): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-w6029f.

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This paper presents a simulation of three different types of lead-free piezoelectric materials for energy harvesting. Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), Zinc Sulfide (ZnS), and Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) are simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics to evaluate the frequency response and electrical potential for each materials. The simulation consisted of two parts which is 3D block cantilever for simulating frequency response and total displacement. The second part is 2D block bimorph to simulate power generated by varying frequency responses. The simulated result for the first shows that frequency response for each materials is differents for ZnS, PVDF and CdS which 30.897 kHz, 8.517 kHz, and 22.118 kHz. For total displacement is 303 µm which same for each materials. Each material is simulated for various cantilever beam thicknesses ranging from 1-4 µm and result ZnS having the greatest frequency response. For 2D block bimorph model, the highest electric potential is 0.75 V at 60 Hz frequency for ZnS. Meanwhile for CdS and PVDF has less electric potential which 0.6 V and 0.4V at 60 Hz frequency response. For power disspation, ZnS generate 10% more power compare to CdS and PVDF. In the end of the paper, ZnS is excellent lead free material compared to CdS and PVDF in term of aforementioned parameter studied.

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Zhou, Yiqun, Keenan Mintz, Cagri Oztan, et al. "Embedding Carbon Dots in Superabsorbent Polymers for Additive Manufacturing." Polymers 10, no. 8 (2018): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10080921.

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A type of orange carbon dots (O-CDs) synthesized via an ultrasonication route with citric acid and 1,2-phenylenediamine as precursors was embedded into sodium polyacrylate (SPA) as the ink for 3D printing. Characterizations of these spherical O-CDs revealed an ultra-small size (~2 nm) and excitation-independent, but solvent dependent, emission. The O-CDs were evenly distributed with low degree of aggregation in sodium polyacrylate (SPA), which was achieved due to the property that SPA can absorb water together with O-CDs. The 3D printed photoluminescent objective with the ink revealed a great potential for high yield application of these materials for additive manufacturing. This also represents the first time, bare CDs have been reported as a photoluminescent material in 3D printing, as well as the first time SPA has been reported as a material for 3D printing.

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Pang, Huixin. "Progress of Cds/Nife-Ldh Heterostructure and Its Applications in Photocatalysis." Applied and Computational Engineering 144, no. 1 (2025): 164–74. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2025.22564.

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As a renewable and environmentally friendly energy conversion technique, photocatalytic technology has a wide range of potential uses. Because of their suitable energy band structure and exceptional light-absorbing capacity, CdS materials exhibit significant promise in photocatalysis. However, challenges like the high rate of photogenerated carrier complexes and photocorrosion limit the practical application of CdS materials. Building composite heterostructures can help address the drawbacks of CdS materials. Of them, NiFe-LDH is the ideal material to enhance CdS's photocatalytic activity due to its layered structure, high stability, and large number of active sites. This review highlights the great potential of the CdS/NiFe-LDH heterostructure in the photocatalytic field by reviewing the fundamental properties of CdS and NiFe-LDH, as well as the preparation process, photocatalytic mechanism, and applications in the fields of carbon dioxide reduction, organic pollutant degradation, and photocatalytic hydrogen precipitation. The future development direction of this heterostructure and the difficulties (material stability, preparation cost, etc.) in practical application are finally discussed in this work. Future studies should focus on improving the properties of the substance and creating more effective preparation techniques in order to support its broad application in clean energy and environmental preservation and to lay the foundation for the industrial use of CdS/NiFe-LDH heterostructures.

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Fikriah, Kamelia, Talitha Alya Syaharani, Fitri Melinda, et al. "ANALYSIS OF LATTICE PARAMETER, ERROR, AND THE BANDGAP ENERGY IN CADMIUM SULFIDE (CdS) SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL." Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 6, no. 2 (2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spektra.062.04.

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Has successfully analyzed the lattice parameter, error, and energy band gap of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) material. CdS is a semiconductor material. In this study, the CdS used is a material with a cubic crystal structure using database from the International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD), then the data is calculated using the Cramer-Cohen method. From these data the resulting lattice parameter of a = b = c = 5.823791777 Å with an average error of 0.00034%. The band gap energy calculation of CdS material is 2.477 eV.

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Alawiyah, Selly, Azrul Azwar, and Fatimah Arofiati Noor. "Study on the Effects of Protective Layer on the Electron and Hole Transmission of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Photocatalyst Based on a Simple Quantum Mechanical Model." PRISMA FISIKA 10, no. 3 (2023): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/pf.v10i3.60652.

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Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) is a photocatalyst material with a low energy band gap, which exhibits a potential application for the visible light spectrum. However, the serious photo-corrosion of CdS inhibits its wide applications. To prevent photo-corrosion, one can coat the CdS surface coated with an insulating material. The addition of this insulating layer will produce a barrier potential on the surface of the CdS thereby blocking the transmission of electrons and holes. If the thickness of this protective layer is thin enough the electron and hole can be transmitted by the quantum tunneling effect. Using a simple quantum mechanical model, the phenomena of electron and hole transmission through potential barriers due to the presence of a protective layer on the CdS surface can be analyzed. Based on this model, the effects of variations in thickness and type of protective layer on the performance of CdS photocatalyst materials are studied by calculating the transmission coefficient and injection efficiency values. The protective coatings used in this study were Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), Hafnium Dioxide (HfO2), and Silicon Dioxide (SiO2). The results show that transmission decreases as the thickness of the protective increases. Among the three types of protective coatings used, HfO2 material has the potential to be used because it has the best injection efficiency value.

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Akila, A., S. Chandra Mohan, S. Karuppusamy, and K. Jothivenkatachalam. "Encapsulation of CdS/ZnO Hybrid Nanoparticles in Zeolite Y and its Photocatalytic Studies." Nano Hybrids and Composites 17 (August 2017): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.17.246.

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The recent development of nanoparticles in commercial media has great attention due to uniformity and stability of the materials. In our present investigation cadmium sulfide (CdS), a direct bandgap semiconductor material has well defined optoelectronic properties in the applications of photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalytic and nonlinear optics. Zeolite which offers a perfect host material for the production of highly uniform nanoparticles with apparently circulated provisions and inhibiting the aggregation of nanoparticles and also helps in the protection from the attack by water and other reactive compounds. In order to stabilize the CdS nanoparticles and to prevent their aggregations, CdS is sheltered within the zeolite Y material. This novel assembly was synthesized by ion exchange method. In order to increase the photocatalytic activity of CdS, ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated into the zeolite Y assembly. The photocatalytic activity of the CdS/ZnO-Y towards the degradation of methyl orange was investigated under the visible light; it follows pseudo first order kinetics. After incorporation the composite loaded assembly (CdS/ZnO-Y) exhibits a superior photocatalytic activity due to the suppressed recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers due to the synergy between the two semiconductor species. The as synthesized sample was characterized by UV DRS, FTIR and PL techniques.

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Nowsherwan, Ghazi Aman, Aurang Zaib, Aqeel Ahmed Shah, et al. "Preparation and Numerical Optimization of TiO2:CdS Thin Films in Double Perovskite Solar Cell." Energies 16, no. 2 (2023): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020900.

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This work focuses on preparing TiO2, CdS, and composite TiO2:CdS thin films for photovoltaic applications by thermal evaporation. The suggested materials exhibit very good optical and electrical properties and can play a significant role in enhancing the efficiency of the device. Various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques were considered to investigate the optical, morphological, photoluminescence, and electrical properties. FTIR confirms the material identification by displaying some peaks in the fingerprint region. UV Vis spectroscopy yields high transmission (80–90%) and low absorbance (5–10%) within the spectral region from 500 nm to 800 nm for the composite thin films. The optical band gap values for CdS, TiO2, and TiO2:CdS thin films are 2.42 eV, 3.72 eV, and 3.6 eV. XRD was utilized to analyze the amorphous nature of the thin films, while optical and SEM microscopy were employed to examine the morphological changes caused by the addition of CdS to TiO2. The decrease in the bandgap of the composite thin films was determined by the Tauc plot, which is endorsed due to the band tailing effects. Photoluminescence spectroscopy depicts several emission peaks in the visible region when they are excited at different wavelengths, and the electrical measurement enhances the material conductivity. Furthermore, the proposed electron transport materials (TiO2, CdS, TiO2:CdS) were simulated with different perovskite materials to validate their design by employing the SCAPS-1D program and assess their performance in commercial implementation. The observed results suggest that TiO2:CdS is a promising candidate to be used as an ETM in PSC with enhanced productivity.

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Xu, Mingdong, Wenqiang Li, Shun Liu, Tao Zhang, Simin Yin, and Sen Lai. "Preparation of PbTiO3-CdS nanocomposite material and its microstructure and photocatalytic properties." Characterization and Application of Nanomaterials 5, no. 1 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/can.v5i1.1409.

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In order to explore the influence of the ferroelectric surface on the structure and properties of semiconductor oxides, the growth of CdS nanocrystals was regulated and controlled by taking single-crystal perovskite PbTiO3 nanosheets as the substrate through a simple hydrothermal method. Through composition design, a series of PbTiO3-CdS nanocomposite materials with different loading concentrations were prepared, and their microstructure and photocatalytic properties were systematically analyzed. Studies show that in the prepared product, CdS nanoparticles selectively grow on the surfaces of PbTiO3 nanosheets, and their morphology is affected by the exposed surfaces of PbTiO3 nanosheets. There is a clear interface between the PbTiO3 substrate and CdS nanoparticles. The concentration of the initial reactant and the time of hydrothermal reaction also significantly affect the crystal morphology of CdS. Photocatalysis studies have shown that the prepared PbTiO3-CdS nanocomposite material has a significant degradation effect on 10 mg/L of Rhodamine B aqueous solution. The degradation efficiency rises with the increase of CdS loading concentration. When degrading 10 mg/L Rhodamine B aqueous solution, the PbTiO3-CdS sample with a mass fraction of 3% can reach a degradation rate of 72% within 120 min.

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10

Ferragina, Carla, Romolo Rocco, Pasquale Patrono та Lucantonio Petrilli. "Cadmium ions and cadmium sulphide particles in γ-titanium dihydrogen phosphate. Synthesis, thermal behaviour and X-ray characterization". Open Chemistry 7, № 1 (2009): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-008-0084-6.

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AbstractLayered compounds with CdS particles supported on the ion-exchanger, γ-titanium dihydrogen phosphate, were prepared by the stepwise reaction of the ion-exchanger and cadmium solution, followed by reaction with H2S gas. The CdS content on the ion-exchanger is dependent on the timeframe of the H2S gas flow. The materials obtained were layered, as shown by the X-ray measurements that exhibit both precursor and CdS diffraction peaks. The thermal treatment of the material obtained gives evidence of its stability (≤ 320°C) before the CdS decomposition, which occurs in a single step.

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11

Ajil, Awras H. "A study of the characterization of CdS/PMMA nanocomposite thin film." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 14, no. 29 (2019): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v14i29.235.

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Nanocomposites of polymer material based on CdS as fillermaterial and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as host matrix havebeen fabricated by chemical spray pyrolysis method on glasssubstrate. CdS particles synthesized by co-precipitation route usingcadimium chloride and thioacetamide as starting materials andammonium hydroxide as precipitating agent. The structure isexamined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the resultant film hasamorphous structure. The optical energy gap is found to be (4.5,4.06) eV before and after CdS addition, respectively. Electricalactivation energy for CdS/PMMA has two regions with values of0.079 and 0.433 eV.

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Liu, Qichen, Kangkang Ge, Xiaoyan Wu, Zhiwei Zhu, Yu Zhu, and Hong Bi. "Preparation of Carbon Dots@r-GO Nanocomposite with an Enhanced Pseudo-Capacitance." Molecules 28, no. 2 (2023): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020541.

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Carbon materials with pseudocapacitive performance have attracted emerging interest in the energy storage and conversion field. Reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) with superior conductivity and electrochemical stability has been extensively investigated as an efficient capacitive electrode material. In this study, three-dimensional carbon dots (CDs)@r-GO hydrogel electrode was successfully in situ prepared by the one-pot method, where the CDs play a critical role in serving as both reduction agent and electrochemical active sites. With prolonged reaction time, the oxygen content of the CDs@r-GO nanocomposite material could be effectively reduced to ensure better electric conductivity, and the nitrogen content, which provides pseudocapacitance, was gradually increased. The representative two pairs of fast and reversible current peaks appeared in cyclic voltammetry curves, with around three times higher specific capacitance of CDs@r-GO hydrogel electrode (290 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte). This simple and mild approach is promising and it is believed it will shed more light on the preparation of high-efficiency and high-performance energy storage materials based on functional reductive CDs.

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13

Das, Smita, Lightson Ngashangva, and Pranab Goswami. "Carbon Dots: An Emerging Smart Material for Analytical Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010084.

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Carbon dots (CDs) are optically active carbon-based nanomaterials. These nanomaterials can change their light emission properties in response to various external stimuli such as pH, temperature, pressure, and light. The CD’s remarkable stimuli-responsive smart material properties have recently stimulated massive research interest for their exploitation to develop various sensor platforms. Herein, an effort has been made to review the major advances made on CDs, focusing mainly on its smart material attributes and linked applications. Since the CD’s material properties are largely linked to their synthesis approaches, various synthesis methods, including surface passivation and functionalization of CDs and the mechanisms reported so far in their photophysical properties, are also delineated in this review. Finally, the challenges of using CDs and the scope for their further improvement as an optical signal transducer to expand their application horizon for developing analytical platforms have been discussed.

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Trenczek-Zajac, Anita. "Thermally oxidized CdS as a photoactive material." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 23 (2019): 8892–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj00484j.

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Okotrub, A. V., A. V. Gusel'nikov, Yu A. Algaer, A. G. Kudashov, S. V. Larionov, and L. G. Bulusheva. "Electroluminescent properties of CdS/CNT hybrid material." physica status solidi (b) 247, no. 11-12 (2010): 2859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201000348.

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Kumar, Sonu. "DELONIXREGIA-WASTE CD/DVD AN E-WASTE EPOXY COMPOSITE MATERIAL." International Journal OF Engineering Sciences & Management Research 3, no. 10 (2016): 4–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.162123.

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In this paper work a cheaper and ecofriendly artificial wood for domestic application is developed by mixing waste compact discs (CDs) and digital versatile discs (DVDs) an e-waste and Delonixregia fruit (DRF) with epoxy as a matrix. This artificial wood composite uses 1:1 ratio of Delonixregia fruit particle and CDs /DVDs flakes .Delonixregia fruit powder to evaluate its effect on the mechanical properties. The percentage water absorption, density, hardness, tension, impact strength, and flexural strength of both Delonixregia fruit particles epoxy (DRF) and Delonixregia fruit particles and CDs/DVDs flakes (DRFP) composite were determined. The result showed that the use of CDs/DVDs flakesas a filler material has improved these properties.The physical properties,percentage water absorption, density and hardnessDRFand DRFP composite are compared with the reported natural wood.

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Cheng, Yujia, and Guang Yu. "Application and Research Status of Long-Wavelength Fluorescent Carbon Dots." Molecules 28, no. 22 (2023): 7473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227473.

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This article discusses the application and research status of long-wavelength fluorescent carbon dots. Currently, there are two main methods for synthesising carbon dots (CDs), either from top to bottom, according to the bulk material, or from bottom to top, according to the small molecules. In previous research, mainly graphite and carbon fibres were used as raw materials with which to prepare CDs, using methods such as arc discharge, laser corrosion, and electrochemistry. These preparation methods have low quantum efficiencies and afford CDs that are limited to blue short-wavelength light emissions. With advancing research, the raw materials used for CD preparation have expanded from graphite to biomaterials, such as strawberry, lime juice, and silkworm chrysalis, and carbon-based molecules, such as citric acid, urea, and ethylenediamine (EDA). The preparation of CDs using carbon-based materials is more rapid and convenient because it involves the use of microwaves, ultrasonication, and hydrothermal techniques. Research on developing methods through which to prepare CDs has made great progress. The current research in this regard is focused on the synthesis of CDs, including long-wavelength fluorescent CDs, with a broader range of applications.

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Wang, You Jun, An Zhong Deng, Jin Ping Shao, and Dong Li. "Synthesis and Infrared Emissivity Properties of CdS/TiO₂ Composite." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.691.

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Nanoparticle CdS was prepared by use of microwave irradiation method. CdS/TiO2 composite was prepared by sol-gel method. The characteristics of composite material were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM)and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Butyl titanate(TBOT) hydrolysis kinetics was discussed. The formation products were mainly anatase TiO2 and hexagonal CdS. Infrared emissivity test results showed: at 650°C, molar ratio of CdS/TiO2 was 2:3, infrared emissivity of composite material was 0.2872.

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Zhang, Hao, Jialiang Li, Xianglei He, and Bo Liu. "Preparation of a g-C3N4/UiO-66-NH2/CdS Photocatalyst with Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity for Tetracycline Degradation." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (2020): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091824.

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A combination of calcination and hydrothermal processing was used to prepare a g-C3N4/UiO-66-NH2/CdS photocatalyst, and the degradation of tetracycline (TC) over this material was assessed. The photocatalytic performance of this nanocomposite was approximately 4.4 and 2.3 times those of CdS and g-C3N4, respectively, and was found to be affected by the CdS loading amount, the pH of the reaction solution and the initial TC concentration. This catalyst also exhibited stable performance over four consecutive reaction cycles. The highly enhanced photoactivity of the g-C3N4/UiO-66-NH2/CdS is attributed to the introduction of CdS, which widens the range over which the material absorbs visible light and inhibits the recombination of electron–hole pairs. The results of this study suggest further applications for this material in the treatment of contaminated wastewater powered by solar energy.

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Wu, Liping, and Qian Duan. "Preparation and sensing performance of chiral carbon Dot@MOF electrode material." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2783, no. 1 (2024): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2783/1/012028.

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Abstract Chirality is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature. The identification of chiral compounds has important theoretical significance and application prospects in many fields such as biology, medicine, and food. This paper proposes an innovative approach to differentiate enantiomers by using the synergistic effect of chiral MOFs and CDs through electrochemiluminescence. The results demonstrate that CDs@[Zn(D-cam)(phen)(H2O)]n exhibit higher electrochemiluminescent response towards L/D-Trp, enabling the detection of Trp enantiomers. This research suggests that selective recognition of amino acid enantiomers can be achieved through ECL-based nanocomposites of CDs and porous MOFs.

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Balu, Ranjith, and Arivuoli Dakshanamoorthy. "A Simple Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Wrapped on Graphene Nanocomposite for Supercapacitor Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 12 (2021): 5835–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19503.

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Supercapacitor with high specific capacity is desirable for various energy storage and high powerdensity applications. Though Graphene has been the preferred material for high current density, nanocomposites have been attempted to increase the specific capacitance. Hydrothermal synthesis of cadmium sulfide/graphene (CdS/G) nanocomposite with CdS nanoparticles anchored/decorated over the graphene sheets is reported. The structural studies reveal the hexagonal phase of the prepared materials. The specific surface area (BET) and porosity is found to increase upon nanocomposite formation. The electrochemical characteristics such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), GCD and EIS of the CdS/G nanocomposite have been investigated. The capacitance of CdS/G nanocomposite almost doubled to 248 Fg−1 indicating the enhanced performance of the nanocomposite system and in addition it also showed excellent cycling stability of 74.8 percent after 1000 cycles. The supercapacitor investigated retained the initial energy density after charge-discharge, at 0.5 A/g for 1000 cycles. The graphene nanosheets increased the specific surface area and interfacial electron transfer of the composite material. It enhances the specific capacitance and cyclic stability of the supercapacitor device.

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Su, Wen, Hao Wu, Huimin Xu, et al. "Carbon dots: a booming material for biomedical applications." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 3 (2020): 821–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00658c.

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Wang, Min, Manjie Gao, Linlin Deng, et al. "Composite Material Based on Carbon Dots and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: A Facile Probe for Fluorescent Detection of 4-Nitrophenol." Nano 15, no. 08 (2020): 2050105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020501052.

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A new fluorescence composite material for the sensitive and selective determination of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was developed based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) incorporated with carbon dots (CDs). First, fluorescent CDs with a high quantum yield (QY) of 51.8% were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method by using anhydrous citric acid as carbon source and AEAPMS as surface modifier. Then, CDs were fabricated with MIPs (CDs@MIPs) by sol–gel method using 4-NP as template, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) as functional monomer, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as cross-linker and CDs as signal sources, respectively. The CDs@MIPs exhibited strong fluorescence property and high selectivity to 4-NP as it incorporated merits of CDs and MIPs. Under optimized conditions, the relative fluorescence intensity of CDs@MIPs decreased linearly with the concentration of 4-NP from 0.025[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]mL[Formula: see text] to 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]mL[Formula: see text]. The limit of detection (LOD) of 4-NP was 5[Formula: see text]ng[Formula: see text]mL[Formula: see text] (35[Formula: see text]nM). Specificity and selectivity experiments showed that CDs@MIPs can selectively detect 4-NP with rare interference of other competitive analogs and metal ions. Finally, CDs@MIPs was successfully used to detect 4-NP in river water samples with the recoveries ranging from 94.0% to 103.4%. The results demonstrated that the prepared CDs@MIPs can be applied to the selective and sensitive detection of trace 4-NP in real samples.

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Li, Congmeng, Haitian Luo, Hongwei Gu, and Hui Li. "BTO-Coupled CIGS Solar Cells with High Performances." Materials 15, no. 17 (2022): 5883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175883.

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In order to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells, a BaTiO3 (BTO) layer was inserted into the Cu(In,Ga)Se2. The performances of the BTO-coupled CIGS solar cells with structures of Mo/CIGS/CdS/i-ZnO/AZO, Mo/BTO/CIGS/CdS/i-ZnO/AZO, Mo/CIGS/BTO/CdS/i-ZnO/AZO, Mo/CIGS/CdS/BTO/i-ZnO/AZO, Mo/CIGS/BTO/i-ZnO/AZO, Mo/CIGS/CdS/BTO/AZO, and Mo/ CIGS/CdS(5 nm)/BTO(5 nm)/i-ZnO/AZO were systematically studied via the SCAPS-1D software. It was found that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a BTO-coupled CIGS solar cell with a device configuration of Mo/CIGS/CdS/BTO/AZO was 24.53%, and its open-circuit voltage was 931.70 mV. The working mechanism for the BTO-coupled CIGS solar cells with different device structures was proposed. Our results provide a novel strategy for improving the PCE of solar cells by combining a ferroelectric material into the p-n junction materials.

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Ullah, Muneeb, Uzma Azeem Awan, Haider Ali, et al. "Carbon Dots: New Rising Stars in the Carbon Family for Diagnosis and Biomedical Applications." Journal of Nanotheranostics 6, no. 1 (2024): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/jnt6010001.

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Carbon dots (CDs) are a class of carbon-based nanomaterials undergoing rapid development with broad potential applications across diverse biomedical fields. These materials are highly attractive for diagnostics, therapeutics, and nanomedicine due to their remarkable optical and physicochemical properties, including photoluminescence, biocompatibility, and aqueous dispersibility. CDs can be synthesized using various techniques, ranging from top-down to bottom-up approaches. Among these, biogenic synthesis, utilizing natural sources and waste materials, presents an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative. CDs have exhibited considerable promise in diagnostics, especially with bioimaging and biosensing, providing both high sensitivity and precise identification. CDs are presently being investigated in the pharmaceutical sector for their potential applications in cancer and infection treatment, as well as in photodynamic and thermal therapies. The advancement of CD composites, through enhanced functionality and broader application, facilitates novel research in nanomedicine. This article highlights the advantages of CDs, focusing on their structural properties, classification, and versatility in synthesis methods. Furthermore, the safety and toxicity profiles of CDs are critically analyzed. In conclusion, the innocuity, adaptability, and multifunctionality of CDs position them as a cornerstone in the advancement of nanotechnology and biomedical applications. With their broad applicability and promising potential, CDs stand poised to drive significant innovation across diagnostics, therapeutics, and other domains, heralding a new era in nanomedicine and sustainable material development.

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Hurh, Dong-gyu, and Jung Hyeun Kim. "Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance by Constructing CdS/CdSe Heterojunction Structure." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 63, no. 2 (2025): 152–60. https://doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2025.63.2.152.

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The growing need for sustainable energy development has become a critical issue due to worsening environmental pollution and climate change. Among the various technologies, the photoelectrochemical technology has been recognized as one of the essential approaches for advancing sustainable energy production. Out of the semiconductor materials used in PEC systems, cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe) have been widely studied as promising candidates due to their advantageous properties. CdS, with a bandgap of 2.4 eV and high photoactivity, and CdSe, with a narrower bandgap of 1.9 eV and excellent light absorption characteristics, offer complementary advantages. In this study, we synthesized the CdS and CdSe materials via hydrothermal and chemical bath deposition methods, respectively, to fabricate a CdS/CdSe heterojunction photoanode system. The heterojunction CdS/CdSe photoanode formed a type-II structure, which facilitated efficient charge separation and transfer. Moreover, the CdS/CdSe photoanode exhibited high light absorption properties with very low charge transfer resistance, attributed to the role of CdS particles beneath CdSe as an electron transfer layer and the porous structure of the composite material. As a result, the CdS/CdSe photoanode achieved high photocurrent density of 4.51 mA·cm-2 comparing to their individual cases, representing a 78% improvement in PEC performance compared to the only CdSe photoanode case.

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Dhungana, Kalpana, and Armila Rajbhandari (Nyachhyon). "Photocatalytical Degradation of Methylene Blue using Laboratory Prepared Cadmium Sulphide." Journal of Nepal Chemical Society 45, no. 1 (2025): 48–56. https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v45i1.74386.

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The cadmium sulphide (CdS) has been successfully synthesized in laboratory by chemical precipitation method. Cadmium chloride and sodium sulfide were used as precursor for the synthesis of CdS photocatalyst. The synthesized material was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy. The XRD peaks are obvious at 25.05, 26.9, 28.29, 43.9, 47.9, 52.07, 2θ degrees which indicates the crystalline phase of as prepared CdS material and average crystalline size was found to be 5.25 nm. Synthesized CdS nanoparticles were used to degrade the methylene blue (MB) dye under the irradiation of UV light. Different parameters like pH, concentration of MB dye, dose of CdS photocatalyst, UV irradiation time were evaluated. The preeminent pH of MB solution was found to be 9, the optimum catalyst dose was found to be 100 mg. Maximum 96% MB degradation was established when 1% of 1mL H2O2 was added along with 100 mg photocatalyst with continuous 210 minutes irradiation of UV light. The H2O2 provides sufficient •OH radicals and upsurges the efficiency of CdS photocatalyst. The results revealed that laboratory prepared CdS nanoparticles could be a good material to use as a photocatalyst for the degradation of cationic dye like MB.

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Kumar, Praveen, and Kanupriya Sharma. "Synthesis and photoluminescence spectra of CdS and CdS/ZnO doped PVK nanocomposite films." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 3 (2018): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2018-0062.

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AbstractOrganic/inorganic hybrid materials consisting of quantum dots and conjugate polymers are important for the application in light emitting devices. In the present work, we have studied the effect of CdS and CdS/ZnO nanoparticle addition on the structure and fluorescence properties of spin coated PVK (poly(N-vinyl carbozole)) nanocomposite films. CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by simple co-precipitation technique and ZnO shell was grown on the CdS nanoparticles by simple wet chemical approach. The nanoparticles and the hybrid nanocomposites have been characterized by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, optical absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The absorption peak for pure PVK remains at 345.5 nm accompanied with minor hump ~480 nm resulting from the incorporation of nanoparticles. It has been observed that the addition of nanoparticles to the hybrid material results in the enhancement of fluorescence intensity at 410 nm to 450 nm spectral regions. These results are important for the development of new light emitting devices at low fabrication costs.

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PHURUANGRAT, A., T. SAKHON, T. THONGTEM, and S. THONGTEM. "PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VISIBLE-LIGHT-DRIVEN Ce-DOPED CdS NANOWIRES FOR PHOTODEGRADATION OF RHODAMINE B." Chalcogenide Letters 18, no. 2 (2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2021.182.75.

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Visible-light-driven Ce-doped CdS nanowires were synthesized by a solvothermal method. Phase and morphology of Ce-doped CdS nanowires were investigated by XRD and SEM analyses. The analytical results certified that both CdS and Ce-doped CdS samples were uniform pure phase of hexagonal CdS nanowires. The photocatalytic activities of CdS and Ce-doped CdS nanowires were investigated through the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The 3% Ce-doped CdS nanowires have the highest photocatalytic efficiency of 95.75% within 120 min and are the promising material used for wastewater treatment.

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Bhushan, S., and S. K. Sharma. "Material Characterization of Chemically Deposited Photoconducting CdS Films." Crystal Research and Technology 27, no. 4 (1992): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170270424.

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Jeong, Rak Hyun, Jae Hyeong Lee, and Jin-Hyo Boo. "Phase-Controlled Multi-Dimensional-Structure SnS/SnS2/CdS Nanocomposite for Development of Solar-Driven Hydrogen Evolution Photocatalyst." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18 (2023): 13774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813774.

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The quest for water-splitting photocatalysts to generate hydrogen as a clean energy source from two-dimensional (2D) materials has enormous implications for sustainable energy solutions. Photocatalytic water splitting, a major field of interest, is focused on the efficient production of hydrogen from renewable resources such as water using 2D materials. Tin sulfide and tin disulfide, collectively known as SnS and SnS2, respectively, are metal sulfide compounds that have gained attention for their photocatalytic properties. Their unique electronic structures and morphological characteristics make them promising candidates for harnessing solar energy for environmental and energy-related purposes. CdS/SnS/SnS2 photocatalysts with two Sn phases (II and IV) were synthesized using a solvothermal method in this study. CdS was successfully placed on a broad SnS/SnS2 plane after a series of characterizations. We found that it is composited in the same way as a core-shell shape. When the SnS/SnS2 phase ratio was dominated by SnS and the structure was composited with CdS, the degradation efficiency was optimal. This material demonstrated high photocatalytic hydrogenation efficiency as well as efficient photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI) over 120 min. Because of the broad light absorption of CdS, the specific surface area, which is the reaction site, became very large. Second, it served as a transport medium for electron transfer from the conduction band (CB) of the SnS to the CB of the SnS2. Because of the composite, these electrons flowed into the CB of CdS, improving the separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers even further. This material, which was easily composited, also effectively prevented mineral corrosion, which is a major issue with CdS.

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Wang, Lanxin, Qingxin Zeng, Qiuhong Chen, Chang Ming Li, and Jiucun Chen. "Synergistically boosting the electrochemical performance of polypyrrole-coated activated carbon derived from carbon dots for a high-performance supercapacitor." Chemical Communications 57, no. 73 (2021): 9264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc02823e.

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PPy was tightly coated on the surface of AC-CDs using controlled polymerization via a fumigation method, and then used to prepare AC-CDs/PPy hybrid material; synergy between AC-CDs and PPy improves the performance of a related supercapacitor.

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Thuan, N. M., N. V. H. Nhan, T. L. M. Hieu, et al. "Enhancement of gaseous toluene removal by photocatalysis using hydrothermal synthesis carbon nanodots/TiO₂ combined with zeolite ZSM-5." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1388, no. 1 (2024): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1388/1/012002.

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Abstract Many studies have been conducted to produce composite materials that possess the ability to transform volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to other nontoxic forms economically and environmentally by means of photocatalytic method. However, the main drawbacks of these materials include restricted surface area, low affinity towards organic molecules, and wide band gap energy which dramatically inhibit their performance. In this research, a composite material that surpasses the above disadvantages has been successfully synthesized from TiO2 - carbon nanodots (CDs) - zeolite ZSM-5. Particularly, CDs synthesized by bottom-up method were coated on TiO2 before being uniformly distributed on zeolite ZSM-5. The powder samples with varying CDs/TiO2 and zeolite ZSM-5 content were tested for their photocatalytic oxidization capability to determine the appropriate ratio. The results revealed that samples with higher zeolite content improved photocatalytic activity. Under other survey conditions such as low toluene flowrate, high relative humidity as well as high UV intensity, the photocatalytic performance was enhanced notably. The newly produced material has corrected most disadvantages of traditional photocatalysts, however, further researches need to be made to improve the removal stability.

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Заводинский, В. Г., та А. П. Кузьменко. "Электронные состояния наносистем на основе сульфида кадмия в форме сфалерита". Физика и техника полупроводников 53, № 10 (2019): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2019.10.48300.9092.

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The electronic structure of nanosystems on the basis of cadmium sulfide in a blende phase (zb-CdS) is investigated using the method of the density functional theory and pseudo-potentials. It is shown that the used approach allows to describe electronic states of this material rather correctly. It is revealed that the surface (100) - zb-CdS is characterized by the metal-like density of electronic states while the surfaces (110) - zb-CdS has a forbidden band at the Fermi level, and nanofilms with this orientation can be used as material for semiconductor devices. Epitaxial layered nanosystems (110) - zb-CdS-Si also show semiconductor properties.

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Hasan, M. Mehedi, and M. Iqbal Bahar Chowdhury. "Modelling and Analysis of CdS/CZTSSe Based Thin Film Solar Cell." Journal of Modeling and Optimization 10, no. 2 (2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jmo.2018.10.2.88.

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Solar cells with a High efficiency and desire characteristics are modelled by considering the characteristics of the materials. An earth-abundant material Cu2ZnSn2(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) could be a wise choice for the solar cell material with a band gap of 1.24ev. In this paper, we made a model and try to represent an analysis of effect on J-V characteristics and quantum efficiency of CdS/CZTSSe based solar cell during varying material and optical properties includes emitter width, carrier life time and resistances. From this model we can easily understand the effect of material and optical properties and graphical analysis of proposed solar cell.

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Amin, Nowshad, M. A. Matin, M. M. Aliyu, M. A. Alghoul, M. R. Karim, and K. Sopian. "Prospects of Back Surface Field Effect in Ultra-Thin High-Efficiency CdS/CdTe Solar Cells from Numerical Modeling." International Journal of Photoenergy 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/578580.

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Polycrystalline CdTe shows greater promises for the development of cost-effective, efficient, and reliable thin film solar cells. Results of numerical analysis using AMPS-1D simulator in exploring the possibility of ultrathin, high efficiency, and stable CdS/CdTe cells are presented. The conventional baseline case structure of CdS/CdTe cell has been explored with reduced CdTe absorber and CdS window layer thickness, where 1 μm thin CdTe and 50 nm CdS layers showed reasonable efficiencies over 15%. The viability of 1 μm CdTe absorber layer together with possible back surface field (BSF) layers to reduce minority carrier recombination loss at the back contact in ultra thin CdS/CdTe cells was investigated. Higher bandgap material like ZnTe and low bandgap materials like Sb2Te3and As2Te3as BSF were inserted to reduce the holes barrier height in the proposed ultra thin CdS/CdTe cells. The proposed structure of SnO2/Zn2SnO4/CdS/CdTe/As2Te3/Cu showed the highest conversion efficiency of 18.6% (Voc= 0.92 V,Jsc= 24.97 mA/cm2, and FF = 0.81). However, other proposed structures such as SnO2/Zn2SnO4/CdS/CdTe/Sb2Te3/Mo and SnO2/Zn2SnO4/CdS/CdTe/ZnTe/Al have also shown better stability at higher operating temperatures with acceptable efficiencies. Moreover, it was found that the cells normalized efficiency linearly decreased with the increased operating temperature with relatively lower gradient, which eventually indicates better stability of the proposed ultra thin CdS/CdTe cells.

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REÁDIGOS, A. ARIAS-CARBAJAL, L. VAILLANT, O. VIGIL-GALÁN, and G. CONTRERAS-PUENTE. "INFLUENCE OF THE GROWTH AND POST DEPOSITION PROCESS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CdS THIN FILMS PREPARED BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION." Modern Physics Letters B 15, no. 17n19 (2001): 659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984901002233.

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Studies of the properties of CBD-CdS thin films grown under variable conditions have been carried out. In particular,the influence of temperature, concentration of the reactants, application of a magnetic DC field and thermal annealing on the optical properties of the CDB-CdS has been studied. In this work, we are focusing our interest in the influence of the combination of the last two conditions, i.e., magnetic field application and annealing at 65, 75 and 85°C and a fixed c(thio)/c( Cd 2+) (ratio=1) on the band gap energy of CBD-CdS thin films for its use in solar cell as window material. The results about the influence of the substrate temperature and c(thio)/c( Cd 2+) ratios in the final thickness of the layers is also presented.

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Park, Hyunwoong, Hsin-Hung Ou, Minju Kim, Unseock Kang, Dong Suk Han, and Michael R. Hoffmann. "Photocatalytic H2 production on trititanate nanotubes coupled with CdS and platinum nanoparticles under visible light: revisiting H2 production and material durability." Faraday Discussions 198 (2017): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00192k.

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The photocatalytic production of molecular hydrogen (H2) on ternary composites of Pt, CdS, and sodium trititanate nanotubes (NaxH2−xTi3O7, TNTs) is examined in an aqueous 2-propanol (IPA) solution (typically 5 vol%) at a circum-neutral pH under visible light (λ > 420 nm). The H2 production rates are dependent on the Pt-loading level, and the optimum production rate in the Pt/CdS/TNTs is approximately six times higher than that in Pt/CdS/TiO2. A D2O solution containing 5 vol% IPA leads only to the production of D2 molecules, whereas increasing the IPA amount to 30 vol% leads to the production of DH molecules. This indicates that the Pt/CdS/TNTs composites enable H2 production via true water splitting under our typical experimental conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the as-synthesized Pt/CdS/TNTs and those used for 6 and 12 h show that metallic Pt on the CdS/TNTs is less susceptible to oxidation than Pt on CdS/TiO2. In addition, photocorrosion of CdS (i.e., sulfate formation) is significantly inhibited during the photocatalytic H2 production reactions in the Pt/CdS/TNTs because of the efficient charge transfer via the TNTs framework. The Pt/CdS/TNTs samples are thermally more stable than Pt/CdS/TiO2 and CdS/TNTs, effectively inhibiting the formation of CdO during the thermal synthesis. Detailed surface characterizations of the as-synthesized ternary composites are performed using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and XPS.

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Krupko, O., and L. Shcherbak. "COLLOIDAL SOLUTIONS OF CdS/L-CYSTEIN NANOPARTICLES: FEATURES, SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES." Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod University. Series «Chemistry» 47, no. 1 (2022): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2414-0260.2022.1.58-69.

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The article presents materials of the review of international and domestic scientific papers devoted to the technology of synthesis and research of properties of nanosized particles based on semiconductor material CdS, and particles of cadmium sulfide stabilized by biocompatible amino acid L-cysteine. The article mainly focuses on the results of research that reflect different methods of synthesis of nanoparticles of semiconductor materials, the main stages of their formation and maturation, the dependence of shape, size, morphology, and properties of particles on synthesis conditions, concentration, and the ratio of starting reagents in the reaction medium, the additive effect of components on studied properties of CdS / L-Cysteine nanoparticles. The goal of the paper is to establish physicochemical regularities of processes of synthesis of low-dimensional CdS-based structures with the formation of colloidal solutions of CdS/L-Cys nanocrystals with predicted properties, elucidation of correlation between thermodynamic conditions of colloidal systems formation and morphology of nanoparticles, their size, and optical properties.

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Zulfajri, Muhammad, Hani Nasser Abdelhamid, Sri Sudewi, et al. "Plant Part-Derived Carbon Dots for Biosensing." Biosensors 10, no. 6 (2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10060068.

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Carbon dots (CDs) are a new cluster of carbon atoms with particle size less than 10 nm. CDs also exhibit interesting fluorescence (FL) properties. CDs are attractive because of their fascinating characteristics including low toxicity, good water solubility, and tremendous biocompatibility. Recently, CDs have been investigated as biosensors for numerous target analytes. Meanwhile, the utilization of cheap and renewable natural resources not only fulfills the pressing requirement for the large-scale synthesis of CDs but also encourages the establishment of sustainable applications. The preparation of CDs using natural resources, i.e., plants, offers several advantages as it is inexpensive, eco-friendly, and highly available in the surroundings. Plant parts are readily available natural resources as the starting materials to produce CDs with different characteristics and attractive applications. Several review articles are now available covering the synthesis, properties, and applications of CDs. However, there is no specific and focused review literature discussing plant part-derived CDs for biosensing applications. To handle this gap, we provide a review of the progress of CDs derived from various plant parts with their synthesis methods, optical properties, and biosensing applications in the last five years. We highlight the synthesis methods and then give an overview of their optical properties and applications as biosensors for various biomolecules and molecules in biological samples. Finally, we discuss some future perspectives for plant part-derived CDs for better material development and applications.

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Torres, Everton Tiago dos Santos, Marco Aurélio Toledo da Silva, João Paulo Almirão de Jesus, Roberto Masahiko Aoki, and Sidney Alves Lourenço. "Síntese e Caracterização Óptica de Pontos Quânticos de CdS e Heteroestruturas de CdS/ZnS." Revista de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia 15, no. 15 (2021): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1890-1793.2020v15n15p74-79.

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Resumo Pontos Quânticos (PQs) são materiais que apresentam propriedades optoeletrônicas únicas, que variam de acordo com o tamanho e a estrutura do material. Devido a estas características os PQs apresentam potencias aplicações em áreas do setor energético, ambiental e até mesmo da saúde. O trabalho propõe: (a) a síntese e (b) caracterização de PQs de CdS e heteroestruturas de pontos quânticos (HPQ) de CdS/ZnS, (c) validação e (d) comparação das estruturas e suas singularidades. A síntese dos materiais é realizada pela rota de injeção a quente, e suas propriedades ópticas e estruturais são caracterizadas por espectroscopia de UV-Vis e fotoluminescência (PL). Através dos espectros de UV-Vis e o método de Tauc foram obtidos os valores das energias de gap (Eg¬) dos materiais que, para as HPQ de CdS/ZnS, variaram de 3.75 - 2.98 eV e para os PQs de CdS o resultado foi de 3.28 eV. Utilizando o modelo empírico de Yu e colaboradores foram encontrados os diâmetros médios dos PQs de CdS sendo 2.21 nm e para as heteroestruturas diâmetros médios encontrados estão entre 3.29 nm a 2.99 nm. O aumento do diâmetro das HPQ em relação aos PQs e a redução das energias de gap, é resultado da adição de aníons de sulfeto que alteram as dimensões do caroço de CdS. Outra característica das heteroestruturas é a redução de emissão dos picos relacionados a defeitos de vacância e superfície vistos nos espectros de PL. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a obtenção dos PQs de CdS e das HPQ de CdS/ZnS. Palavras-chave: Pontos Quânticos. Heteroestruturas. Caroço/casca. Energia de Gap. Passivação de Defeitos. AbstractQuantum dots (PQs) are materials that have unique optoelectronic properties, which vary according to the size and structure of the material. Due to these characteristics, PQs have potential applications in areas of the energy, environmental and even health sectors. The work proposes: (a) the synthesis and (b) characterization of CdS PQs and CdS/ZnS quantum dot heterostructures (HPQ), (c) validation and (4) comparison of the structures and their singularities. The synthesis of the materials is carried out by the hot injection route, and its optical and structural properties are characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Through the UV-Vis spectra and the Tauc method, the values of the gap energies (Eg) of the materials were obtained, which, for CdS/ZnS HPQs, varied from 3.75 - 2.98 eV and for CdS PQs the result was 3.28 eV. Using the empirical model of Yu et al., the average diameters of the CdS PQs were found to be 2.21 nm and for heterostructures the average diameters found were between 3.29 nm to 2.99 nm. The increase in the diameter of the HPQ in relation to the PQs and the reduction of the gap energies, is the result of the addition of sulfide anions that alter the dimensions of the CdS core. Another characteristic of heterostructures is the reduction of peak emission related to vacancy and surface defects seen in the PL spectra. The results obtained confirm the achievement of CdS PQs and CdS/ZnS HPQs Keywords: Quantum Dots. Heterostructures. Core/shell. Gap Energy. Defect Passivation.

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Dang, Yong Qiang, Yu Jing Zhou, Jiang Tao Cai, Guo Yang Liu, Ya Ting Zhang, and Jie Shan Qiu. "One-Pot Synthesis of Carbon Dots-Based Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Material and its Application in Fe³⁺ Detection." Journal of Nano Research 45 (January 2017): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.45.134.

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In this work, an efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system has been prepared using carbon dots (CDs). A one-step method has been developed using β-cyclodextrin and tryptophan to synthesize the novel CT-CDs with FRET properties. The FRET was found to occur within the CT-CDs from the tryptophan moiety to the CDs. The FRET efficiency of the system increased with excitation time, reaching a maximum efficiency after 120 min. The CT-CDs were then evaluated in Fe3+ detection application, and showed selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+ over 14 other metal ions.

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Ke, Xi, Kunqiang Wang, Chen Tu, Runda Huang, Dongxiang Luo, and Menglong Zhang. "Novel Aggregation-Induced Emission Materials/Cadmium Sulfide Composite Photocatalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in Absence of Sacrificial Reagent." Materials 13, no. 22 (2020): 5287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225287.

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This work focuses on the development of a novel organic–inorganic photoactive material composited by aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIE) and CdS. Tetraphenylethene-based AIE (TPE-Ca) is synthesized on CdS to form CdS/TPE-Ca electrode, due to its suitable band structure and potential capability of renewable energy production. The CdS/TPE-Ca electrode presents over three-fold improved photocurrent density and dramatically reduced interfacial resistance, compared with the pure CdS electrode. In addition, the engineering of the band alignment allows the holes to accumulate on the valance band of TPE-Ca, which would partially prevent the CdS from photo-corrosion, thus improving the stability of the sacrificial-free electrolyte photoelectrochemical cell.

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Ajay, A. Nikam, and P. Shinde Ugalal. "Synthesis, Applications and Future perspectives of CdTe and CdS thin films: A Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494974.

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Thin films refer to layers of material with a thickness ranging from a few nanometers to several micrometers. These films are used in a variety of scientific, technological, and industrial applications due to their unique properties. Thin films are fundamental to a wide array of technologies, and ongoing research continues to expand their applications and enhance their properties for future innovations. CdTe (Cadmium Telluride) and CdS (Cadmium Sulfide) thin films are a type of semiconductor material that is commonly used in various applications such as solar cells, photovoltaic cells, photodetectors, optical sensors, gas sensors, and electronic and optoelectronic devices. Due to the unique properties of CdTe and CdS thin films, researchers are now focusing their work on the synthesis and applications of CdTe and CdS thin films. CdTe is a compound semiconductor composed of cadmium and tellurium elements. While CdS is another compound semiconductor composed of cadmium and sulfur. This review paper encompasses a detailed study of CdTe and CdS thin films. It also provides brief information on pure and doped CdTe and CdS thin film fabrication, synthesis approaches and applications.

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Xu, Shengrui, Hailin Liu, Anying Long, et al. "Carbon Dot-Decorated Graphite Carbon Nitride Composites for Enhanced Solid-Phase Microextraction of Chlorobenzenes from Water." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (2022): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030335.

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In this work, carbon dot-decorated graphite carbon nitride composites (CDs/g-C3N4) were synthesized and innovatively used as a SPME coating for the sensitive determination of chlorobenzenes (CBs) from water samples, coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The CDs/g-C3N4 coating presented superior extraction performance in comparison to pristine g-C3N4, owing to the enhancement of active groups by CDs. The extraction capacities of as-prepared SPME coatings are higher than those of commercial coatings due to the functions of nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing group binding, π–π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method exhibits a wide linearity range (0.25–2500 ng L−1), extremely low detection of limits (0.002–0.086 ng L−1), and excellent precision, with relative standard deviations of 5.3–9.7% for a single fiber and 7.5–12.6% for five fibers. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of CBs from real river water samples, with spiked recoveries ranging from 73.4 to 109.1%. This study developed a novel and efficient SPME coating material for extracting organic pollutants from environmental samples.

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Gour, Kuldeep S., Rahul Parmar, Rahul Kumar, and Vidya N. Singh. "Cd-Free Zn(O,S) as Alternative Buffer Layer for Chalcogenide and Kesterite Based Thin Films Solar Cells: A Review." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 6 (2020): 3622–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17537.

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Cd is categorized as a toxic material with restricted use in electronics as there are inherent problems of treating waste and convincing consumers that it is properly sealed inside without any threat of precarious leaks. Apart from toxicity, band-gap of CdS is about 2.40–2.50 eV, which results significant photon loss in short-wavelength range which restricts the overall performance of solar cells. Thin film of Zn(O,S) is a favorable contender to substitute CdS thin film as buffer layer for CuInGaSe2 (CIGS), CuInGa(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe), Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe), Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film absorber material based photovoltaic due to it made from earth abundant, low cost, non-toxic materials and its ability to improve the efficiency of chalcogenide and kesterite based photovoltaic due to wider band-gap which results in reduction of absorption loss compared to CdS. In this review, apart from mentioning various deposition technique for Zn(O,S) thin films, changes in various properties i.e., optical, morphological, and opto-electrical properties of Zn(O,S) thin film deposited using various methods utilized for fabricating solar cell based on CIGS, CIGSSe, CZTS, CZTSe and CZTSSe thin films, the material has been evaluated for all the properties of buffer layer (high transparency for incident light, good conduction band lineup with absorber material, low interface recombination, high resistivity and good device stability).

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Zhu, Mingzhang, Jiannan Song, Senhua Ke, et al. "Ti Coating-Enhanced Tribocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes by CdS Nanoparticles." Inorganics 13, no. 2 (2025): 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13020046.

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Coating disk-shaped materials on the bottoms of containers has become a highly effective method for tribocatalysis enhancement. Here, the effects of Ti coatings on the tribocatalytic degradation of organic dyes by CdS nanoparticles were systematically studied. For both 50 mg/L rhodamine B (RhB) and 20 mg/L methyl orange (MO) solutions, the tribocatalytic degradation by CdS nanoparticles was dramatically enhanced in Ti-coated beakers compared to as-received glass-bottomed beakers, with the degradation rate constant increased by 4.77 and 5.21 times, respectively. Moreover, for tribocatalytic degradation of MO using CdS, two quite different MO degradation modes were identified between Ti and Al2O3 coatings. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analyses showed that more radicals were generated when CdS nanoparticles rubbed against the Ti coating than against the glass bottom, and boron nitride nanoparticles were employed to verify that the enhancement associated with the Ti coating resulted from the interactions between Ti and CdS. These findings underscore the importance of catalyst and coating material selection in tribocatalytic systems, offering valuable insights for the development of efficient environmental purification technologies.

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Sharma, Jagmohan Lal, S. K. Jain, Balram Tripathi, and Mahesh Chandra Mishra. "To Study the Cadmium Sulphide Thin Films Synthesis by Simple Spin Coating Method for Energy Application." East European Journal of Physics, no. 3 (September 4, 2023): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-71.

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The paper examines the properties of CdS thin film, which is used for window material of solar cells and optical devices. The cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin film was prepared by sol-gel method on glass and ITO substrate. Prepared thin film dried in a vacuum oven at 70℃. Thin film and powder of CdS characterized for structural, optical, and electrical properties by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), UV-Visible spectrometer, and Keithley spectrometer. The average crystallite sizes, microstrain, and dislocation density of the samples were calculated by the Debye Scherrer formula. The optical band gap of CdS calculated by the Tauc-plot method and obtained 2.40 and 2.41eV for powder and film. The absorption wavelength of CdS is suddenly decreased near 280nm and becomes flat in the higher wavelength region. The FTIR spectrometer is used to identification of unknown materials and bond formation. The bond formation, imperfections, and impurities were observed by the PL spectrometer. Keithley spectrometer is used for I-V characteristics and calculates electrical resistivity by Ohms law.

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Murali, G., D. Amaranatha Reddy, B. Poornaprakash, R. P. Vijayalakshmi, and N. Madhusudhana Rao. "Dopant Induced Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Fe-Doped CdS Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 584 (October 2012): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.584.178.

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Room temperature ferro-magnetism in Fe-doped CdS nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by a wet chemical precipitation method is reported. Magnetic studies revealed that pure CdS NPs exhibit diamagnetic behavior as like bulk material, where as 3% Fe doped CdS NPs shows the ferromagnetic behavior. At room temperature, ESR signal characteristic of Fe3+ was observed in doped NPs.

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50

Podborska, Agnieszka, and Konrad Szaciłowski. "Towards 'Computer-on-a-Particle' Devices: Optoelectronic 1:2 Demultiplexer Based on Nanostructured Cadmium Sulfide." Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 2 (2010): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09440.

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Nanocrystalline sulfur-doped cadmium sulfide (CdS) prepared by microwave synthesis was investigated. Photoelectrochemical and optical characteristics of sulfur-doped CdS exhibit the photoelectrochemical photocurrent switching effect. Depending on the wavelength and applied bias, the anodic and/or cathodic photocurrent was observed. The unusual behaviour of nanocrystalline CdS allowed the construction of a combinatorial logic system from this material.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CdS Material'

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