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Journal articles on the topic 'CDS; Nano Crystalline Thin Film'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Liu, Yi, Ai Xiang Wei, and Xiao Dong Lin. "Morphological and Optical Properties of CdS Nano-Crystalline Thin Films by Chemical Bath Deposition." Key Engineering Materials 537 (January 2013): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.537.144.

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CdS thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) at different ammonia concentration and different temperature using cadmium chloride hydrate, thiourea, ammonium chloride, ammonia and deionized water as precursors. The morphology structure and the optical properties of CdS thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), ultraviolet-visible spectra and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results indicated that CdS thin film could be grown when ammonia concentration at the range of 0.4-1.0 mol /L and in the temperature range of 50 °C -80 °C. Within 600-980 nm wavele

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2

F.T.Z. Toma, K.M.A. Hussain, M.S. Rahman, and Syed Ahmed. "Preparation and characterization of CdS thin film using chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique for solar cell application." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (2021): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0746.

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The structural properties of CBD deposited CdS thin films have been studied by varying the processing parameters and Cd/S ratio of the starting Precursors in order to better understand the growth conditions. A CdS thin film was prepared on glass substrate by CBD method from a bath containing Thiourea and Ammonium hydroxide. The structural analysis was performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The deposited CdS thin film was a cubic phase with small nano crystalline grains. The film was deposited at 60°C for 2 hours. After sintering the film at 300°C for 1 hour the color of the film was changed lik

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3

F.T.Z., Toma, Hussain K.M.A., Rahman M.S., and Ahmed Syed. "Preparation and characterization of CdS thin film using chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique for solar cell application." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (2021): 629–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5820472.

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The structural properties of CBD deposited CdS thin films have been studied by varying the processing parameters and Cd/S ratio of the starting Precursors in order to better understand the growth conditions. A CdS thin film was prepared on glass substrate by CBD method from a bath containing Thiourea and Ammonium hydroxide. The structural analysis was performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The deposited CdS thin film was a cubic phase with small nano crystalline grains. The film was deposited at 60°C for 2 hours. After sintering the film at 300°C for 1 hour the color of the film was cha

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4

D., Pradhabhan, and A. Sakthivelu Dr. "EFFECT OF DEPOSITION CYCLES ON OPTICAL, STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF SILAR DEPOSITED CADMIUM SULPHIDE THIN FILMS." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Technology 2, no. 2 (2017): 23–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.838254.

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The CdS thin films were prepared on cleaned glass substrates by SILAR deposition technique using cadmium acetate and thiourea as precursor solution with deposition cycles of 25, 50, and 75 dippings. The prepared samples were annealed in air. The prepared thin films were characterized for their structural, micro structural and optical properties by XRD, FESEM and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The XRD analysis shows that, the prepared samples are polycrystalline and it exhibits cubic structure. The morphology of the CdS thin films characterized by FESEM revealed that the film consisted of mixture of

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5

Kong, Ling Jian, Wen Peng Mi, Liang Li, Qi Ying Jiang, and Wei Wei Dong. "Comparative Study of Different Cadmium Salts on Nano-Structured CdS Thin Films Prepared by CBD." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.36.

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Comparative studies about different cadmium salts were carried out by chemical bath deposition method. The CdS nanofilms that deposited with Cd (Ac)2was smoother, thicker and higher transmittance without any pin hole and particles compared with the films deposited with CdSO4. In this paper, The band gap energy was shifted from 2.4 eV to 2.3 eV while the CdSO4was instead with Cd (Ac)2. In addition, the craystalline of the films deposited with Cd (Ac)2was also better than that with CdSO4. Poly-crystalline hexagonal structure CdS without any unwanted secondary phases was demonstrated by GI-XRD an

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6

MAGID, Hayim Ch,, Intesar Hato HASHIM, and Kadhim A. AADIM. "INFLUENCE OF LASER ENERGY ON CDS NANO PARTIALS PREPARED BY LASER INDUCED PLASMA." MINAR International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 03, no. 03 (2021): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8234.3-3.9.

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In this work ,cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films deposited on glass substrates using Nd-YAG laser wavelength (1064 nm) laser-induced plasma deposition technique (PLD). The structural, morphology and optical properties of these films have been described as a change in the effect of laser pulse energy ( ). The X-ray diffraction results show that s all samples were polycrystalline hexagonal structure and the crystalline size ghange with increasing of the laser energy. The optical properties results show that the transmittance of all deposited thin films decreases with increasing of laser pulse ener

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7

Li, Jitao, Dingyu Yang, Xinghua Zhu, Hui Sun, Xiuying Gao, and Peihua Wangyang. "Structural, Optical and Photoelectric Properties of Nano-Crystalline CdS Thin Films Deposited by Electron Beam Evaporation." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 9, no. 7 (2017): 1023–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2017.2427.

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8

Ashith, V. K., and K. Gowrish Rao. "A study of microstructural properties and quantum size effect in SILAR deposited nano-crystalline CdS thin films." Thin Solid Films 616 (October 2016): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2016.08.024.

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9

Fathy, Marwa, Abd El-Hady B. Kashyout, Shaimaa Elyamny, Gamal D. Roston, and Ahmed A. Bishara. "Effect of CdCl2 Concentration and Heat Treatment on Electrodeposited Nano-Crystalline CdS Thin Films from NonAqueous Solution." International Journal of Electrochemical Science 9, no. 11 (2014): 6155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1452-3981(23)10877-7.

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10

Abouelkhir, A. N., E. R. Shaaban, M. Tag El-Dine, K. I. Hussain, and I. S. Yahia. "Comparison of CdS nano films deposited by thermal evaporation and spray pyrolysis techniques." Chalcogenide Letters 21, no. 2 (2024): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2024.212.161.

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Cadmium sulfide was prepared by first turning it into a powder, which was then used to evaporate heat to create thin films. Additionally, the spray pyrolysis method was used to produce films of cadmium sulfide. A structural comparison using the crystallize size and lattice parameters. Furthermore for the prepared samples, an analysis of their optical characteristics was conducted through measurements of absorbance, transmission, and reflection, resulting in the determination of the energy gap.

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11

Hu, Zhe, Wei Guang Yang, Sheng Liu, Ke Tang, Lin Jun Wang, and Wei Min Shi. "The Role of CdS Buffer Layer in ZnO Nanowire Arrays/SnS Thin Film Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 1402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.1402.

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SnS is a promising p-type semiconductor material for low-cost and low-toxic solar cells due to its exciting properties, such as high absorption in the visible range, little toxicity, inexpensiveness, and so on. The CdS nano-layer used as buffer layer of ZnO nanowire arrays/CdS/SnS thin film solar cells was prepared by thermal evaporation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Vis spectra, Hall effect measurement system and I-V measurement system were used to characterize the ZnO nanowire

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12

Obot, E. P., C. Augustine, R. A. Chikwenze, et al. "Structural, optical and electrical properties of sulphide based heterojunction thin film." Journal of Ovonic Research 19, no. 2 (2023): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2023.192.207.

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This contribution presents structural, optical and electrical properties of PbS/CdS thin films at different annealing temperatures. The XRD analysis reveal the existence of three different crystalline phases, i.e., the beta-CdS, hawleyite-CdS and greenockite-alpha-CdS phases within the CdS-shell of PbS/CdS core shell thin film. The dislocation density and microstrain decreased with annealing temperatures indicating a decrease in lattice imperfections and formation of high quality film and it can be attributed to the increase in grain size of the film with increase in annealing temperatures. Op

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13

Qin, Ai Miao, Hai Nian Chen, Kun Peng Jiang, Lei Liao, Wei Ping Yu, and Ping Tang. "Study on the Photocatalytic Properties of Nano-CdS Crack-Free Thin Films for Removal of Rhodamine B." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.1017.

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Nano-CdS crack-free thin films were deposited on the conductive glass substrate with a two-electrodes DC electrochemical deposited method at low temperature (<100°C). The structure and properties of thin film catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM and AFM. Photocatalytic reactivities of nano-CdS thin film were conducted for removal of Rhodamine B (RB) in aqueous solution under ultraviolet light irradiation. The effect of the concentration and pH of the RB solution, the ultraviolet light, the exposure time, the size and the reusability of thin films on the degradation o

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14

Usoviene, Egle, Neringa Petrasauskiene, Gediminas Jakubauskas, and Edita Paluckiene. "Influence of the Cadmium Sulfide Chemical Bath Deposition Temperature on Cadmium Sulfide/Zinc Oxide Thin Films." Coatings 13, no. 7 (2023): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071197.

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The spin-coating method has been employed for nanostructured crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film preparation on FTO glass substrates. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) layers were then deposited on the surface via the chemical bath deposition method. To investigate the effect of the formation of the CdS layer on ZnO/FTO, the deposition of these layers was performed at three different temperatures (40, 60, and 80 °C). The synthesized CdS/ZnO composite was found to have homogenously distributed crystalline grains of both ZnO and CdS. The uniform distribution of the grains and the equal molar ratio of the

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15

Abadi, Ashenafi, Myo Than Htay, Yoshio Hashimoto, Kentaro Ito, and Noritaka Momose. "Annealing effect of absorber layer on SnS/CdS heterojunction band alignments." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, SB (2022): SB1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac3a8f.

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Abstract The effect of annealing on the physical properties of an SnS thin film and also on SnS/CdS heterojunction band alignment was studied. Vacuum annealing has greatly improved the crystalline quality of SnS and an average grain size of 1.6 μm was achieved. Sulfur-rich secondary phases observed on the surface of as-grown SnS thin film were eliminated after vacuum annealing, resulting in a decrease of the resistivity and an increase of the carrier concentration of the film. A maximum hole mobility of 17 cm2 V−1 s−1 was obtained for SnS thin films annealed at 400 °C. A transition of SnS/CdS

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16

Aggarwal, Rekha, and Deepak Kumar Kaushik. "Structural and Optical Studies on Sol-Gel Driven Spin-Coated CdS Thin Films." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2267, no. 1 (2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2267/1/012012.

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Abstract Inorganic wide band gap semiconductors are considered as best for optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaic cells, photodetectors, thin film transistors etc. CdS is a more promising semiconductor due to its direct wide band-gap ∼ 2.42 eV and size dependent optical properties. In the present article, structural and optical properties of spin coated CdS thin films are investigated. CdS thin films are annealed at 400 °C for 60 minutes to improve crystalline quality. X-RAY diffraction pattern reveals (002) diffraction plane of wurtzite CdS. The optical properties are analyzed by UV-Visi

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17

Khan, Taj Muhammad, and Tayyaba BiBi. "Compatibility and optoelectronic of ZnSe nano crystalline thin film." Chinese Physics B 21, no. 9 (2012): 097303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/21/9/097303.

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18

Londhe, Priyanka U., Ashwini B. Rohom, and Nandu B. Chaure. "CuInSe2 thin film solar cells prepared by low-cost electrodeposition techniques from a non-aqueous bath." RSC Advances 5, no. 109 (2015): 89635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra18315d.

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Highly crystalline and stoichiometric CIS thin films have been electrodeposited from non-aqueous bath at temperature 130 °C. Superstrate solar cell structure (FTO/CdS/CIS/Au) exhibited 4.5% power conversion efficiency.

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19

Demir, Ramazan, and İsmet Kaya. "Investigation of Some Properties of 4-Amino-2-Methyl-Quinoline and CdS Nano Composite Thin Films for Production of Diodes." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 24, no. 6 (2024): 1297–304. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1363938.

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The aim of this study is to produce a diode, which is a basic electronic circuit element, and analyze its physical characterization. In this study, a diode was produced from CdS and C10H10N2 films, and its structural, optical, and electrical properties were investigated. First, a thin CdS film was deposited on an ITO substrate using the CBD method. Then, a C10H10N2 film was coated on this CdS film by the spin coating method. The CdS film has n-type semiconductor properties, whereas the C10H10N2 film has p-type semiconductor properties. XRD, SEM, AFM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and IV measurements we

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20

Zeng, Guanggen, Paul Harrison, Ali Kidman, Alaa Al-mebir, Lianghuan Feng, and Judy Wu. "Nondestructive Investigation of Heterojunction Interfacial Properties Using Two-Wavelength Raman Spectroscopy on Thin-Film CdS/CdTe Solar Cells." Applied Spectroscopy 70, no. 9 (2016): 1555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702816643545.

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Raman spectra specific to CdS and CdTe were obtained on the CdS/CdTe heterojunction interface by employing two excitation wavelengths of λ1 = 488 nm and λ2 = 633 nm, respectively, from the glass side of Glass/FTO/CdS/CdTe/HgTe:Cu:graphite/Ag solar cells fabricated using pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). This two-wavelength Raman spectroscopy approach, with one wavelength selected below the absorption edge of the window layer (λ2 in this case), allows nondestructive characterization of the CdS/CdTe heterojunction and therefore correlation of the interfacial properties with the solar cell performan

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21

Susanto Gultom, Noto, Putri Nuri Nilam Sari, Albert Daniel Saragih, Alena Shania Anjani, Arini Dini Farhani, and Shakila Anandia Putri. "Transformasi Teknologi dalam Sel Surya Film Tipis Generasi Kedua." Journal of Applied Mechanical Engineering and Renewable Energy 5, no. 1 (2025): 34–42. https://doi.org/10.52158/jamere.v5i1.974.

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Efficiency and cost are important points in the development of the renewable energy industry, especially solar cells. While the first generation of crystalline silicon-based solar cells had the biggest constraint in cost, the second generation of thin-film solar cells is trying to offer innovations with relatively lower cost but high flexibility compared to the first generation. This article explores the essential developments in the invention of second-generation thin-film solar cells, including materials, performance, and technology. Through their respective fabrication processes, ultra-thin

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22

Li, Da Pan, Ying Zi Wang, and Yan Li Chen. "Organic/Inorganic Self-Assembled Film Based on a Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide Derivative/CdS." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1313.

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A perylenetetracarboxylic diimide derivative, N,N,N′,N′-tetra(hydroxyethyl)-1,7-di (4-tert-butylphenol)perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide(THPDI), was synthesized and covalently self-assembled as a monolayer on the modified a quartz surface. UV-vis absorption and IR spectra revealed the H-aggregate nature of THPDI molecules in the obtained thin solid film. With this thin solid film as a template, CdS nanoparticles were deposited on it in situ, which were characterized by electronic absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The morphology of CdS

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23

Tarale, A. N., D. J. Salunkhe, P. B. Joshi, S. B. Kulkarni, and V. R. Reddy. "Magnetodielectric properties of nano-crystalline BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin film heterostructures." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 24, no. 11 (2013): 4457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-013-1425-6.

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24

Li, Shun, Jia Chen Liu, Chao Liang Cui, and Li Bin Liu. "Effect of Deposition Conditions on TiO₂ Thin Film on Silica Glass Fibers by Liquid Phase Deposition." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1921–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1921.

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Crystalline TiO2 thin films coated on silica glass fibers and nano-powders were prepared by adding H3BO3 into an (NH4)2TiF6 solution supersaturated with anatase nano-crystalline TiO2 at 40°C. The effect of the deposition conditions on the surface morphology, section morphology, growth patterns, thicknesses of the deposited TiO2 thin films were investigated. Growth rate and particle size of the thin films were controlled by the deposition conditions. As a result, a well-combined and durable TiO2 thin films on silica glass fibers surface obtained under definite optimizing experimental conditions

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25

Carrasco-Chavez, Laura Aislinn, José F. Rubio-Valle, Abimael Jiménez-Pérez, José E. Martín-Alfonso, and Amanda Carrillo-Castillo. "Study of CdS/CdS Nanoparticles Thin Films Deposited by Soft Chemistry for Optoelectronic Applications." Micromachines 14, no. 6 (2023): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14061168.

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Chalcogenides semiconductors are currently being studied as active layers in the development of electronic devices in the field of applied technology. In the present paper, cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films containing nanoparticles of the same material as the active layer were produced and analyzed for their application in fabricating optoelectronic devices. CdS thin films and CdS nanoparticles were obtained via soft chemistry at low temperatures. The CdS thin film was deposited via chemical bath deposition (CBD); the CdS nanoparticles were synthesized via the precipitation method. The construc

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26

Ghosh, Biswajit. "Impact of Nano-FeS2 Layer on the Stability Performance of CdS-Cu2O PV Cells: A Study." Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 17 (July 9, 2021): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29169/1927-5129.2021.17.07.

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The presence of nano-structured FeS2 film at the junction of CdS-Cu2O thin film PV cells demonstrated long term stability in its performances. The CdS layer was fabricated by vacuum evaporation technique and its top surface was converted to FeS2 by dipping in hot FeCl2 solution. The Cu2O was deposited over it by plasma deposition process. A thin Ni-Au layer was deposited over the Cu2O surface by an electroless deposition process to act as the top electrical contact. The cell properties and its stability were studied under external stresses including heat and light. The cells efficiency attaine

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27

Gadalla, Atef S., Hamdan A. S. Al-shamiri, Saad Melhi Alshahrani, Huda F. Khalil, Mahmoud M. El Nahas, and Mohamed A. Khedr. "Epitaxial Growth and Optical Properties of Laser Deposited CdS Thin Films." Coatings 12, no. 1 (2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12010087.

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In this study, cadmium Sulfide (CdS) thin films were synthesized on quartz substrates using an infrared pulsed laser deposition (IR-PLD) technique under high vacuum (~10−6 Torr) conditions. X-ray diffraction was used to evaluate the structural features. According to X-ray analysis, the deposited CdS films are crystalline and have a favored orientation on a plane (110) of an orthorhombic. The peak intensity and the average crystallite size increases with increasing the film thickness. After annealing at 300 °C, the orthorhombic phase transformed into a predominant hexagonal phase and the same r

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28

Lin, Jia-Hao, Hung-Wei Wu, Wei-Chen Tien, Cheng-Yuan Hung, and Shih-Kun Liu. "Effects of Chamber Pressures on the Passivation Layer of Hydrogenated Nano-Crystalline Silicon Mixed-Phase Thin Film by Using Microwave Annealing." Electronics 10, no. 18 (2021): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182199.

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This paper proposes the effects of chamber pressures on the passivation layer of hydrogenated nano-crystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) mixed-phase thin film using microwave annealing (MWA) to achieve a high-quality thin film. The use of 40.68 MHz very-high-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHFPECVD) deposited the nc-Si:H mixed-phase thin film on the top and bottom of the n-type crystalline silicon substrate. The chamber pressures (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 Torr) of the VHFPECVD were critical factors in controlling the carrier lifetime of the symmetric structure. By using the VHFPECVD

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29

Chung, Chung Jen, Ching Liang Wei, Po Tsung Hsieh, et al. "Synthetic Properties of the c-Axis Tilted AlN Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1780.

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Aluminum nitride (AlN) is one of the most popular piezoelectric materials for high frequency resonators, filters and sensors. The piezoelectric property, i.e. electromechanical coupling coefficient, of AlN thin film is highly related to its crystalline orientation. AlN thin films with various c-axis-tilted angles can be fabricated by the RF sputtering technique. The crystallization and grain growth orientations of AlN thin film are examined by XRD, SEM, and TEM, while the bonding condition and nano-mechanical properties are investigated by a raman system and a nano-indentation technique.

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Liwei, Xiong, Liu Fan, Wang Jianhua, Man Weidong, Weng Jun, and Liu Changlin. "Plasma Processing of Boron-Doped Nano-Crystalline Diamond Thin Film Fabricated on Poly-Crystalline Diamond Thick Film." Plasma Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (2010): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/12/4/10.

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31

Gou, Jun, Jun Wang, Ze Hua Huang, and Ya Dong Jiang. "Preparation of LiTaO₃ Nano-Crystalline Films by Sol-Gel Process." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.446.

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Lithium tantalite (LiTaO3) thin film material shows good feasibility and potential for the application of high-performance detection system. In this paper, sol-gel process of LiTaO3 thin films on p-type (111) silicon substrates was described. Stable precursor solution with a desired viscosity was obtained using lithium acetate (LiAc) and tantalum ethoxide (Ta(OC2H5)5) as starting materials. Heat treatment process was optimized to fabricate LiTaO3 films of high crystallinity. Higher crystalline quality films were obtained when each spin-coating process was followed by an annealing operation. Mi

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32

Abd, Jinan A., Wasan M. Mohammed, and Amer Al-Nafiey. "CdS Nanostructured Thin Films Synthesized by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Solar Cell Technology." Key Engineering Materials 882 (April 2021): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.882.155.

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CdS thin films have been grown on glass substrate at 250o C employing pulsed laser deposition method. The effect of laser pulses number on the crystalline structure, surface morphology, optical properties, and films thickness have been studied. XRD analysis shows that the CdS films have polycrystalline and hexagonal nanostructure with three notable peaks along (100), (002), and (101) planes and preferentially orientated along (101). The crystallite size of the preferred orientation was in the range of (21.4 - 27.3 nm). With small pulses number, XRD pattern confirms the formation of CdO with th

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33

Manikandan, K., C. Surendra Dilip, P. Mani, and J. Joseph Prince. "Deposition and Characterization of CdS Nano Thin Film with Complexing Agent Triethanolamine." American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 8, no. 3 (2015): 318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2015.318.327.

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34

Singh, R. "Nano-structured CdTe, CdS and TiO2 for thin film solar cell applications." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 82, no. 1-2 (2004): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2004.02.006.

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35

Lee, S., H. Seo, G. Lucovsky, L. B. Fleming, M. D. Ulrich, and J. Lüning. "Bulk defects in nano-crystalline and in non-crystalline HfO2-based thin film dielectrics." Thin Solid Films 517, no. 1 (2008): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2008.08.098.

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36

Mao, Jianbin, and Soonmin Seo. "Enhancing the Output Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerators By Inserting CdS into Dielectric Layer." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 64 (2024): 4293. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02644293mtgabs.

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Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as promising devices for harvesting mechanical energy from various environmental sources. In this study, we focus on enhancing the performance of TENGs by inserting nano-sized cadmium sulfide (CdS) into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material. The synthesis of CdS nanomaterials was achieved through an ultrasonication method, resulting in a significant reduction in particle size compared to commercial CdS. The fabrication process of the TENG involved dispersing CdS nanoparticles into PDMS and depositing the composite thin film onto a polyethylene

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37

S. Vijayakumar, N. Thangamani, T. V. Sangeetha, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxide-doped CdS Nanoparticles in PVA Matrix Thin Film and Their Application." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 14, no. 2 (2025): 238–43. https://doi.org/10.13074/jent.2025.06.2511338.

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Cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix were synthesized using a sol-gel technique. Doping was achieved by incorporating copper ions through copper acetate. Comprehensive characterization of the Cu-doped CdS-PVA nanocomposites was performed using particle size analysis (11 nm), UV-Visible spectroscopy (490 nm), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for metal metal bond stretching, X-ray diffraction confirming crystalline nature, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for composition of elements, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron micro

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Fujimoto, Masayuki, Hiroshi Koyama, Yasunari Hosoi, Kazuya Ishihara, and Shinji Kobayashi. "High-Speed Resistive Switching of TiO2/TiN Nano-Crystalline Thin Film." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 45, No. 11 (2006): L310—L312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.45.l310.

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Gong, H., J. Q. Hu, J. H. Wang, C. H. Ong, and F. R. Zhu. "Nano-crystalline Cu-doped ZnO thin film gas sensor for CO." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 115, no. 1 (2006): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.09.008.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Study the effect by CO2 laser on some optical properties of (Cd) thin film doping by Ni." Baghdad Science Journal 5, no. 3 (2008): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.5.3.387-390.

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In this research study the effect of irradiation by (CW) CO2 laser on some optical properties of (Cds) doping by Ni thin films of (1)µm thickness has been prepared by heat evaporation method. (X-Ray) diffraction technique showed the prepared films before and after irradiation are ploy crystalline hexagonal structure, optical properties were include recording of absorbance spectra for prepared films in the range of (400-1000) nm wave lengths, the absorption coefficient and the energy gap were calculated before and after irradiation, finally the irradiation affected (CdS) thin films by changing

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41

Yassen, Hanaa M. "Study the effect by CO2 laser on some optical properties of (Cd) thin film doping by Ni." Baghdad Science Journal 5, no. 3 (2008): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2008.5.3.387-390.

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In this research study the effect of irradiation by (CW) CO2 laser on some optical properties of (Cds) doping by Ni thin films of (1)µm thickness has been prepared by heat evaporation method. (X-Ray) diffraction technique showed the prepared films before and after irradiation are ploy crystalline hexagonal structure, optical properties were include recording of absorbance spectra for prepared films in the range of (400-1000) nm wave lengths, the absorption coefficient and the energy gap were calculated before and after irradiation, finally the irradiation affected (CdS) thin films by changing

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42

Won, Sung Bin, Min Jung Kim, Chun Yu Xu, Yeon Sang Hwang, and Dong Bok Lee. "High Temperature Oxidation of CrAlSiN Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 699 (May 2013): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.612.

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Nano-multilayered, crystalline CrAlSiN thin films were deposited on either steel or WC-10%Co substrates by the cathodic arc plasma deposition. Their oxidation characteristics were studied at 800-1000°C for 50 h in air. The film deposited on steel displayed good oxidation resistance, due mainly to formation of Cr2O3 and α-Al2O3. The film deposited on WC-10%Co displayed poor oxidation resistance, due mainly to the oxidation of the substrate.

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43

Memon, Muzamil Hussain, Maria Mustafa, and Zeeshan Ali. "Fabrication of low-cost and environmental-friendly EHD printable thin film nanocomposite triboelectric nanogenerator using household recyclable materials." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 43, no. 1 (2024): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2401.2873.

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Humans generate massive amounts of plastic and electronic waste, which pollute our environment, particularly our water supplies, and cause fatal difficulties. In addition, the increased use of fossil fuels is wreaking havoc on the ecosystem. In order to solve these issues, we describe a simple, low-cost, and environmentally-friendly triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) made of electronic waste and recycled plastic, and we add nanomaterial to improve power generation using biomechanical energy. The present investigation involves synthesizing carbon dots (CDs) nano-material through a single-step h

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AL-Rashedi, Khadher, Mazahar Farooqui, and Gulam Rabbani. "Characterizing Crystalline Chromium oxide Thin Film Growth by Sol-gel method on Glass Substrates." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 4 (2018): 2203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404064.

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In this work, nano-crystalline chromium oxide (Cr2O3) thin film was synthesized using the Sol-gel method. The thin film was deposited on a glass substrate at 50°C by using chromium nitrate, methanol, ethanol, polyvinyl alcohol with a magnetic stirrer device and a hot plate. Each deposited thin film annealed in the microwave oven at 200°C. The structure of the prepared thin film was examined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Shearer formula was used to calculate the size of the film granules. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology. UV-VIS measurem

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Patil, M. M., K. P. Joshi, and S. B. Patil. "Studies on nanocomposites nanoplates and pervoskite nanorod thin films." YMER Digital 20, no. 12 (2021): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer20.12/27.

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Nano crystalline nickel oxide thin films of different film thickness were deposited onto glass substrate at 350 oC by varying volume of precursor solution using spray pyrolysis technique. This structural, morphological and microstructure properties were investigated using XRD, FE-SEM and TEM. The element composition was studied using EDAX. It is found that increase in the volume of sprayed solution leads to the increment in film thickness and amelioration of crystallinity of the film. The results are discussed and interpreted.

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Pareek, Alka, Pradip Paik, and Pramod H. Borse. "Role of Transition Metal-Hydroxide (M-OHx , M=Mn, Fe, Ni, Co) Co-catalyst Loading : Efficiency and Stability of CdS Photoanode." MRS Proceedings 1776 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.363.

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ABSTRACTIn this work we have synthesized the colloidal particles of transition metal-hydroxide (M= Ni, Co, Mn, Fe) by a simple chemical precipitation method. The surface of spray deposited CdS thin films were modified using nano-colloids to utlize them as water oxidation catalysts (WOC) for the photoelectrochemical cell (PEC). A systematic comparison of the PEC performance of modified and unmodified film is carried out to understand the role of co-catalyst. Ni(OH)2 modification yields 3.4 times higher photocurrent density than bare CdS photoanode, and exhibits hydrogen-evolution rate of 600 μm

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Ibrahim, Isam M. "The effect of rear earth doping CdS nanostructure on structural, optical and photoconductivity properties." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 17, no. 40 (2019): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v17i40.411.

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Rare earth elements (Cerium, Lanthanum and Neodymium) doped CdS thin films are prepared using the chemical Spray Pyrolysis Method with temperature 200 oC. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis refers that pure CdS and CdS:Ce, CdS:La and CdS:Nd thin films showed the hexagonal crystalline phase. The crystallite size determined by the Debye-Scherrer equation and the range was (35.8– 23.76 nm), and it was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The pure and doped CdS shows a direct band gap (2.57 to 2.72 eV), which was obtained by transmittance. The room-temperature photo

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Tarek El-Shahat, M., Ahmed S. Ali, A. M. Hassana, E. S. Yousef та E. R. Shaaban. "Performance-related structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of 2 μm the CdTe-CdSe absorption layer of solar cell". Journal of Ovonic Research 19, № 6 (2023): 705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2023.196.705.

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The current work attempts to develop the most efficient compositions of 1 m between CdTe1-xSex thin films as absorptive layer in solar cell applications (with x = 0 to 1, step 0.1 wt.%). Mechanical alloying was used to create the CdTe1-xSex powdered materials, and thermal evaporation was used to create the thin film versions of these compositions. Swanepoel's approach was used to measure the films' thicknesses, and the spectroscopic ellipsometry technique was used to calibrate the results. The analyzed films' structural, electrical, and optical characteristics have been studied. It was determi

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Revathi, Chinnasamy, Krishnamoorthy Rajavel, Kugalur Shanmugam Ranjith, and Ramasamy Thangavelu Rajendrakumar. "Synthesis and Antibacterial Studies of Nano Structured Ag Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 678 (March 2013): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.291.

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Silver thin film of 5 nm thicknesses was evaporated on glass and stainless steel substrates and annealed at 300°C for one hour. Then these samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction method (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-VIS spectroscopy, and subjected to anti-microbial resistance test. XRD analysis showed as deposited silver thin film coated on glass substrate and stainless steel substrates have amorphous nature. The annealed Ag thin film coated on glass and stainless steel substrates showed crystallinity with silver phase and their crystalline size were in the range

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Lee, Eun Hye, Su Woong Lee, Young Ju Eom, et al. "Properties of nano-crystalline silicon thin film fabricated by electron beam exposure." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 63, no. 2 (2013): 20302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2013130161.

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