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1

Kwon, Dohyoung. "Studies of sputtered CdTe and CdSe solar cells." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1345260902.

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2

Williams, Benjamin Luke. "CdTe nanowire structures for solar cells." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/14653/.

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This thesis investigates the growth and characterisation of CdTe and core-double shell ITO/CdS/CdTe nanowires (NWs), ITO/ZnO/CdS/CdTe/Mo thin-film solar cells and ITO/ZnO/CdS/CdTe(NW)/CdTe/Mo core-triple shell NW solar cells. First, the generation of Au-catalysed CdTe NWs arrays on Mo foils is reported, with CdTe being deposited by close-space sublimation. NWs were up to 20 μm long, had diameters in the range 5 – 500 nm and densities in the range 106 – 107 cm-2. A vapour-liquid-solid mechanism of NW growth, mediated by a Au-Te liquid catalyst, which accounts for the initial delay to NW nucleat
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3

Papageorgiou, G. "Nano- and micro-structured CdTe solar cells." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3018656/.

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4

Tessema, Misle M. "Shunt passivation process for CdTe solar cell : new post deposition technique /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1252430254.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009.<br>Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Science degree in Chemistry." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 75-77.
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5

Sugimoto, Yoshiharu. "Studies of CdTe electrodeposition." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241263.

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6

Desai, Darshini. "Electrical characterization of thin film CdTe solar cells." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 320 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1257806491&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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7

Alturkestani, Mohammed. "CdTe solar cells : key layers and electrical effects." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/370/.

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This thesis presents various studies into the effects of both growth and processing conditions on a) the electrical properties of interfaces of the CdTe solar cell, and b) the photovoltaic (PV) performance. Annealing of the CdS/TCO (transparent conductive oxide) bilayer in both oxidising and reducing ambients was investigated in order to study changes in the electrical properties of the In/CdS/TCO structure. It was found that post-growth oxidising changed the current–voltage (J-V) characteristics from Ohmic to rectifying, which was attributed to the creation of a CdO-n+/CdS-n junction, as an o
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8

Major, Jonathan. "CdTe solar cells : growth phenomena and device performance." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/605/.

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A systematic study is presented on the control of CdTe and CdS layers during their growth, with the understanding gained being implemented in the production of solar cells with enhanced performance. In particular the growth mechanisms for close space sublimation (CSS) — grown CdTe were evaluated as a function of processing gas (N2, 02 and H2) and nitrogen pressure. Films were shown to form via the Volmer-Weber growth mode with films deposited under nitrogen showing well defined crystal facets. Inclusion of oxygen in the deposition ambient produced islands of a rounded morphology, reduced size
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9

Brooks, William. "Spatially resolved characterisation of CdTe photovoltaic solar cells." Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/spatially-resolved-characterisation-of-cdte-photovoltaic-solar-cells(2395fac6-edd7-4e9e-8c81-f35aaa79b51b).html.

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Spatially resolved measurements of CdTe thin film photovoltaic solar cells were performed using both laser beam induced current (LBIC) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques. The triple wavelength LBIC system was used to assess the thickness uniformity of Cd1-xZnxS window layers incorporated into CdTe solar cells. A blue laser was used to reveal window ~r • layer absorption and transmission characteristics. This was observed to influence . photoresponse at longer wavelengths where lateral variations in minority carrier lifetime were leading to variable carrier collection. This was foun
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10

Paudel, Naba Raj. "Stability Issues in Sputtered CdS/CdTe Solar Cells." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321639226.

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11

McGregor, Stephen Mark. "Solar cells based on electrodeposited Cds and CdTe films." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1999. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20043/.

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The aim of this study was to understand the properties of glass/TCO/CdS/CdTe/metal solar cells, the CdS and CdTe being grown by aqueous electrodeposition. Deposited films and completed cells were characterised using electrical, structural and optical techniques. This report describes the production of well-formed polycrystalline CdS and CdTe with well defined XRD peaks and band gap. Experiments were performed to investigate the pre-conditioning of the CdTe bath on the overall cell performance. Pre-conditioning the CdTe deposition bath was found to improve the Voc value of the completed devices
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12

Adame, Michelle. "CdTe deposition on CdTe(211) and Si(211) substrates by the CSS technique." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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13

Lau, Yin Ping. "Si/CdTe heterojunction fabricated by closed hot wall system." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1995. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/44.

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14

Tetali, Bhaskar Reddy. "Stability studies of CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001135.

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15

Painter, J. D. "Recrystallisation and interdiffusion in CdTe-CdS heterojunction solar cells." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508015.

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16

Cousins, Michael Andrew. "Microstructure of absorber layers in CdTe/Cds solar cells." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4266/.

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This work concerns the microstructure of CSS-grown CdTe layers used for CdTe/CdS solar cells. Particular attention is given to how the development of microstructure on annealing with CdCl(_2) may correlate with increases in efficiency. By annealing pressed pellets of bulk CdTe powder, it is shown that microstructural change does occur on heating the material, enhanced by the inclusion of CdCl(_2) flux. However, the temperature required to cause significant effects is demonstrated to be higher than that at which heavy oxidation takes place. The dynamics of this oxidation are also examined. To i
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17

Edwards, Paul Roger. "Beam-induced current studies of CdTe/Cds solar cells." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1109/.

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18

Manaf, Nor Azlian Binti Abdul. "Organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells based on electroplated CdTe." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2015. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20010/.

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The purpose of this work is to develop organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells based on electroplated CdTe. The materials used in this research are CdS, CdTe and PAni. These materials have been characterised by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, EDX, SEM, AFM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, PEC, C-V and DC measurements, UPS and PL for their structural, compositional, morphological, optical, electrical and defect properties. CdS has electrodeposited from the electrolyte using (NH[4])[2]S[2]O[3] as the sulphur source. The optimum growth voltage (V[g]) and temperature (T[g]) are obtained at 1455 mV and 85°C, respective
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19

Chou, Hengchang. "Efficiency limiting defects and mechanisms in CdTe/CdS heterojunction solar cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14897.

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20

Rodríguez, Chávez Mario Arturo. "Fabrication and analysis of patterned and planar CdTe-based solar cells." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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21

Alfadhili, Fadhil K. "Development of Back Contacts for CdTe Thin Films Solar Cells." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1588962981116943.

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22

Gutta, Venkatesh. "INVESTIGATIONS OF CuInTe2 / CdS & CdTe / CdS HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/654.

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Thin film solar cells of Copper Indium Telluride and Cadmium Sulfide junctions were fabricated on plain ITO glass slides and also on those coated with intrinsic Tin Oxide. CdS was deposited through chemical bath deposition and CIT by electrodeposition. Both compounds were subjected to annealing at temperatures between 350°C and 500°C which produced more uniform film thicknesses and larger grain sizes. The CIT/ CdS junction was characterized after performing XRD and spectral absorption of individual compounds. Studies were also made on CdS / CdTe solar cells with respect to effect of annealing
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23

Palekis, Vasilios. "CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cells Fabricated on Flexible Substrates." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3280.

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Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is a leading thin film photovoltaic (PV) material due to its near ideal bandgap of 1.45 eV and its high optical absorption coefficient. The typical CdTe thin film solar cell is of the superstrate configuration where a window layer (CdS), the absorber (CdTe) and a back contact are deposited onto glass coated with a transparent electrode. Substrate CdTe solar cells where the above listed films are deposited in reverse are not common. In this study substrate CdTe solar cells are fabricated on flexible foils. The properties of the Molybdenum back contact, Zinc Telluride (Z
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24

Salim, Hussein Ismail. "Multilayer solar cells based on CdTe grown from nitrate precursor." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2016. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20315/.

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25

Hussain, Mursheda. "Vapor CdCl2 Processing of CdTe Solar Cells." Scholar Commons, 2004. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1088.

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Polycrystalline CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells are among the leading candidates for low-cost, large scale terrestrial photovoltaic applications. CdTe has a high absorption coefficient and it can absorb the radiant energy within less than 2 µm of thickness. This makes it suitable for thin film applications. CdTe has a band gap of 1.45 eV at room temperature, which is nearly optimum for photovoltaic conversion efficiency under the AM 1.5 solar spectrum. The theoretical maximum efficiency for CdTe solar cells is 29%. However, to-date the experimental value is in the 16 % range. In most cases CdTe
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26

Lisco, Fabiana. "High rate deposition processes for thin film CdTe solar cells." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17965.

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This thesis describes the development of a fast rate method for the deposition of high quality CdS and CdTe thin films. The technique uses Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtering (PDCMS). Surprisingly, the technique produces highly stable process conditions. CREST is the first laboratory worldwide to show that pulsed DC power may be used to deposit CdS and CdTe thin films. This is a very promising process technology with potential for eventual industrial deployment. The major advantage is that the process produces high deposition rates suitable for use in solar module manufacturing. These rates are ove
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27

Koirala, Prakash. "Multichannel Spectroscopic Ellipsometry for CdTe Photovoltaics: from Materials and Interfaces to Solar Cells." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1430488231.

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28

Bapanapalli, Srilatha. "Cds/cdte thin film solar cells with zinc stannate buffer layer." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001004.

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29

Zoppi, Guillaume. "Studies of CdTe thin films and solar cells grown by MOCVD." Thesis, Durham University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418834.

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30

Jones, Eurig Wyn. "An investigation of ultra thin CdTe solar cells grown by MOCVD." Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540408.

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31

Hodges, Deidra Ranel. "Development of CdTe thin film solar cells on flexible foil substrates." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003210.

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32

Yilmaz, Sibel. "Thin film CDTE solar cells deposited by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/31838.

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Thin film cadmium telluride (CdTe) technology is the most important competitor for silicon (Si) based solar cells. Pulsed direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering is a new technique has been developed for thin film CdTe deposition. This technique is industrially scalable and provides uniform coating. It is also possible to deposit thin films at low substrate temperatures. A series of experiments are presented for the optimisation of the cadmium chloride (CdCl2) activation process. Thin film CdTe solar cells require CdCl2 activation process to improve conversion efficiencies. The role of this a
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33

Diso, Dahiru Garba. "Research and development of CdTe based thin film PV solar cells." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2011. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/4941/.

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The motivation behind this research is to bring cheap, low-cost and clean energy technologies to the society. Colossal use of fossil fuel has created noticeable pollution problems contributing to climate change and health hazards. Silicon based solar cells have dominated the market but it is cost is high due to the manufacturing process. Therefore, the way forward is to develop thin films solar cells using low-cost attractive materials, grown by cheaper, scalable and manufacturable techniques. The aim and objectives of this work is to develop low-cost, high efficiency solar cell using electrod
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34

Fauzi, Fijay Bin. "Research and development of CdS/CdTe solar cells incorporating ZnTe layers." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2015. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19643/.

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This thesis presents experimental work and analysis in research and development of low-cost thin film solar cells. In this work, three semiconducting materials were studied. These semiconducting materials are from group II-VI or also known as 'two-sixers' from periodic table. The semiconductors are cadmium sulfide (CdS), cadmium telluride (CdTe) and zinc telluride (ZnTe).All of these layers were obtained by growing them using electrodeposition in aqueous solutions. In this project, electrodeposition using 2-electrode system was employed to deposit all of the semiconductors. The decision was ta
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35

Hsu, Chih-An. "Absorber and Window Study – CdSexTe1-x/CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7813.

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CdTe an II-VI semiconductor has been a leading thin film photovoltaic material due to its near ideal bandgap and high absorption coefficient [1]. The typical thin film CdTe solar cells have been of the superstrate configuration with CdS (Eg-2.42eV) as the n-type heterojunction partner. Due to the relatively narrow bandgap of CdS, a wider bandgap n-type window layer has recently emerged as a promising substitute: alloys of MgyZn1-yO have been successfully used as the emitter or window layer. The benefits in the usage of MgyZn1-yO (MZO) are its tunable bandgap and wide optical spectrum on opt
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36

Plotnikov, Victor. "Fabrication of ultra thin CdS/CdTe solar cells by magnetron sputtering." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1249913360.

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37

Hesp, David. "Surface characterisation of contact materials for thin film CdTe solar cells." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2020780/.

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The deposition of tellurium onto the low index faces of copper single crystals induces a range of structures such as the (2√3×2√3)R30° surface substitutional alloy on the Cu(111) surface. These structures have been studied using a combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), X-ray photoemission (XPS) and ultraviolet photoemission (UPS). The deposition of tellurium on to the Cu(111) surface produced several structures including (2√3×2√3)R30° phase for a coverage of 0.17ML, For a coverage of 0.33ML a (√3×√3)R30° surface alloy was found. For coverag
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38

Bhatti, Muhammad Tariq. "A novel method of production of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356984.

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39

Yousaf, Mushtaq. "Electrical contacts to MBE grown CdTe layers and devices." Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363203.

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40

Evani, Vamsi Krishna. "Improving Doping and Minority Carrier Lifetime of CdTe/CdS Solar Cells by in-situ Control of CdTe Stoichiometry." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6651.

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Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is a leading thin film photovoltaic (PV) material due to its near ideal bandgap of 1.45 eV and its high optical absorption coefficient. Advancements in efficiencies of CdTe/CdS solar cells over the past few decades have come from improving the short circuit current (JSC) and Fill Factor (FF) but the Open Circuit Voltage (VOC) has been stagnant. Further improvements in efficiencies should come from increased VOC’s. VOC’s can be improved by increasing the acceptor concentration and minority carrier lifetime. Both these parameters can be controlled by manipulating the nat
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41

Forsyth, Nicola M. "A study of Schottky barriers to CdS, and the CdTe : CdS heterojunction." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375956.

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42

Treharne, Robert E. "RF magnetron sputtering of transparent conducting oxides and CdTe/CdS solar cells." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3310/.

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The applicability of radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) for the development of: a) transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) and b) fully sputtered CdTe/CdS solar cells is demonstrated. TCO materials - In2O3:Sn (ITO), SnO2:F (FTO), ZnO:Al (AZO) and ZnO:F (FZO) - were investigated with respect to key deposition parameters in an attempt to generate films with low resistivities and high transmittances. Minimum resistivity values of 1.2 x 10^-4 Ohm.cm and 4.7 x 10^-4 Ohm.cm were achieved for films of ITO and AZO respectively while maintaining transmittances of > 80%. Such films are viable for
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43

Jayabal, Matheshkumar. "Molybdenum as a back contact for cucl treated cds/cdte solar cells." Scholar Commons, 2005. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2937.

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CdTe is one of the most promising absorbers for use in inexpensive semiconductor solar cells having achieved a high efficiency of 16.4% in small area cells [1]. One of the most important technological problems in obtaining high efficiencies is to have a good ohmic contact on the CdTe, which is characterized by a very high work function [2]. Cu is used as a dopant in CdTe at the contact to promote quantum mechanical tunneling [3]. But the oversupply of Cu causes the diffusion of Cu through CdTe to the underlying CdS layer resulting in the degradation of the cell performance. It has been reporte
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44

Viswanathan, Vijay. "Study Of Cu free back contacts to thin film CdTe solar cells." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000348.

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45

Zhao, Hehong. "Impurity and back contact effects on CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002377.

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46

Bayhan, Murat. "Preparation and characterisation of n-CdS/p-CdTe thin film solar cells." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1697/.

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47

Echendu, Obi Kingsley. "Thin film solar cells using all-electrodeposited ZnS, CdS and CdTe materials." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2014. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19597/.

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The urgent global need for affordable alternative and clean energy supply has triggered extensive research on the development of thin-film solar cells since the past few decades. This has necessitated the search for low-cost, scalable and manufacturable thin-film semiconductor deposition techniques which in turn has led to the research on electrodeposition technique as a possible candidate for the deposition of semiconductor materials and the fabrication of thin-film solar cells using these materials. Electronic quality ZnS, CdS, and CdTe thin layers have been successfully electrodeposited fro
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48

Bittau, Francesco. "Analysis and optimisation of window layers for thin film CDTE solar cells." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32642.

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The work presented in this thesis focuses on the investigation and improvement of the window stack of layers for thin film CdTe solar cells fabricated in the Center for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST) laboratories. In particular the aim was to change the standard structure including TCO, high resistive transparent (HRT)layer and CdS which is limited by the low transparency of the CdS layer, to a better performing one. The first result chapter of the thesis describes the study of ZnO HRT layers. ZnO thin films were deposited by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering with differen
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49

Zhao, Hehong. "Impurity and Back Contact Effects on CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cells." Scholar Commons, 2007. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/580.

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CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells are the most promising cost-effective solar cells. The goal of this project is to improve the performance for CdS/CdTe devices by improving the open circuit voltage Voc and current density Jsc. Efforts focused on increasing the Voc, which include increasing the doping concentration by introducing Phosphorus and Antimony, finding and testing new back contact materials, and varying the ambient of CSS CdTe. In addition, the effect of Zn2SnO4 on the cells' performance was also studied. Electrical characterization of the thin films and completed devices were carried o
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50

Alamri, Saleh Naeeman O. "Preparation and characterisation of thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells produced by close space sublimation." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1139/.

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