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Journal articles on the topic 'Cedar Mountain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Bayliss, Julian, Steve Makungwa, Joy Hecht, David Nangoma, and Carl Bruessow. "Saving the Island in the Sky: the plight of the Mount Mulanje cedar Widdringtonia whytei in Malawi." Oryx 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307001548.

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The Endangered Mulanje cedar Widdringtonia whytei, endemic to the Mount Mulanje massif in Malawi, has undergone a drastic decline due to increased fire incidence and illegal logging. Valued for its fine timber, attractive fragrance, and pesticide-resistant sap, the tree has been regarded as highly desirable since its discovery in the late 19th century. Because of its steep slopes and isolated high altitude plateau, Mount Mulanje is also a refuge for a number of other endemic plant species. The first assessment of the Mulanje cedar since 1994 was commissioned by the Mulanje Mountain Conservation Trust to ascertain the species' current extent and status. This study identified an area of 845.3 ha of Mulanje cedar, which represents a loss of 616.7 ha over the previous 15 years. Of the recorded trees 32.27% (37,242 m3) were dead cedars. Therefore, under current Department of Forestry harvest licensing, there remains in theory sufficient dead cedar to last >30 years. At this stage it is imperative that cedar nurseries are established and saplings planted out across the mountain on an annual basis, small cedar clusters are protected to facilitate regeneration, and a strict monitoring programme is followed to prevent the cutting of live cedar.

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2

Abel-Schaad, Daniel, Eneko Iriarte, José Antonio López-Sáez, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Silvia Sabariego Ruiz, Rachid Cheddadi, and Francisca Alba-Sánchez. "Are Cedrus atlantica forests in the Rif Mountains of Morocco heading towards local extinction?" Holocene 28, no. 6 (January 19, 2018): 1023–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683617752842.

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Cedrus atlantica (Atlas cedar) is a relict and endemic endangered species from northwestern African mountains, whose distribution range has undergone a dramatic reduction over recent decades. Long-term studies are needed for a better understanding of the development of its range as well as for assisting in the implementation of sustainable conservation measures. The multi-proxy analysis of a high-resolution fossil record of 180 cm depth allowed us to depict the final demise of an Atlas cedar population from the western Rif Mountains (Jbel Khesana), despite its high resilience during the last ~4000 years. Currently, Atlas cedar trees are not observed in Jbel Khesana but they still occur in the nearby area as scattered populations on a few mountain tops at altitudes higher than 1400 m a.s.l. Our data show an initial relatively stable period (~4000–2400 cal. yr BP) followed by a phase where both climatic and human-induced disturbances cause an alternate dominance of oaks and Atlas cedars (2400~1550 cal. yr BP). Then, the increasing aridity and human activities favoured the depletion of Atlas cedar forests (~1550–800 cal. yr BP). Our record shows that Atlas cedar forests have recovered after each deforestation event, which reveals a high resilience of the species until the mid-20th century, when they became extinct in the study area. The main driver of their local extinction may be attributed to the strong human pressure. Management measures of Atlas cedar in the Rif Mountains should aim at limiting intensive loggings and protecting the existing populations for their local regeneration.

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3

Grimsley, Christopher Mark, and Robert K. Krick. "Stonewall Jackson at Cedar Mountain." Journal of Southern History 57, no. 4 (November 1991): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2210625.

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4

Barrett, John G., and Robert K. Krick. "Stonewall Jackson at Cedar Mountain." Journal of Military History 55, no. 2 (April 1991): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1985913.

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5

McDonald, Archie P., and Robert K. Krick. "Stonewall Jackson at Cedar Mountain." Journal of American History 78, no. 1 (June 1991): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2078176.

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6

Thompson, Christopher P., Stacy Silvers, and Mark Adam Shapiro. "Intralymphatic immunotherapy for mountain cedar pollinosis." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 125, no. 3 (September 2020): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2020.04.030.

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7

Edwards, Ian. "Conservation of plants on Mulanje Mountain Malawi." Oryx 19, no. 2 (April 1985): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300019785.

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Mulanje massif in Malawi rises steeply from the surrounding plain, a landmark for miles around. An endemic cycad grows on its slopes and the plateau grassland is rich in endemic plants, including everlasting flowers and a heath. The mountain is also the stronghold of the Mulanje cedar, which Malawi has just declared as its national tree. The author, who prepared a report for the Malawi Government on cedar resources on Mulanje, found that the Forestry Department's fire control programme is effective, and that attention now needs to be given to the threat from alien plant invasion.

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8

Jones, Robert H. "Stonewall Jackson at Cedar Mountain (review)." Civil War History 36, no. 4 (1990): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1990.0046.

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9

REID, M., W. NISH, B. WHISMAN, D. GOETZ, R. HYLANDER, W. PARKERJR, and T. FREEMAN. "HLA-DR4-associated nonresponsiveness to mountain-cedar allergen." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 89, no. 2 (February 1992): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(92)90327-x.

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10

Bunderson, Landon, Peter Van De Water, Jeffrey Luvall, and Estelle Levetin. "Influence Of Meteorological Conditions On Mountain Cedar Pollen." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 133, no. 2 (February 2014): AB17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.088.

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11

Harris, Elisha B., and Nan Crystal Arens. "A mid-Cretaceous angiosperm-dominated macroflora from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah, USA." Journal of Paleontology 90, no. 4 (July 2016): 640–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.44.

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AbstractAngiosperms first appeared in the fossil record as pollen during the Valanginian–Hauterivian; they spread out of the tropics in the Aptian and Albian, and radiated in the Late Cretaceous. Despite these general patterns, details of the taxonomic, geographic, and ecological evolution of Cretaceous angiosperms are relatively poorly known because only a handful of Early and mid-Cretaceous macrofloras have been reported. This is the first detailed report of a fossil leaf flora from the Cedar Mountain Formation from the mid-Cretaceous of the Western Interior. We describe a flora that is overwhelmingly dominated by angiosperms (152 of 153 identified specimens are angiosperms) from the Albian–Cenomanian transition that is preserved in a clay- and carbonate-rich, lacustrine mudstone from the uppermost Cedar Mountain Formation of Emery County, Utah. We recognize 18 leaf morphotypes, all of which are dicotyledonous angiosperms. The majority of the Cedar Mountain morphotypes have taxonomic affinities with forms of similar age described from the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains and other localities from the Western Interior. From this, we infer that a relatively diverse angiosperm flora grew along the margins of a small pond on the coastal plain. Palynological preparations of the fossil matrix were barren; however, previous studies of other facies within the formation showed that both conifers and ferns were important components of the regional vegetation during Cedar Mountain time. The effective absence of conifers and ferns in this macroflora and low leaf mass per area values among the angiosperms measured suggests that even at the Early–Late Cretaceous transition, angiosperms had come to dominate some sites, particularly those that were disturbed or seasonally ephemeral, where fast-growth or seasonal deciduousness would have been favored.

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12

Terry, E., B. McLellan, G. Watts, and J. Flaa. "Early Winter Habitat Use by Mountain Caribou in the North Cariboo and Columbia Mountains, British Columbia." Rangifer 16, no. 4 (January 1, 1996): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.16.4.1229.

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Winter habitat use was compared between two mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations in British Columbia. Regional differences were apparent during November and December. Radio-collared caribou inhabiting the gentle plateaus of the northern Cariboo Mountains, near Prince George, B.C. primarily used mid-elevation balsam-spruce stands on moderate slopes (<30%). In contrast, radio-collared caribou in the North Columbia Mountains, near Revelstoke, B.C. used low elevation hemlock-cedar stands and relatively steeper slopes (>30%). To adequately address habitat requirements of caribou, forest management plans should incorporate varying regional and seasonal habitat use patterns. Hypotheses on observed differences in habitat use are discussed.

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13

Jurgensen, M. F., M. J. Larsen, R. T. Graham, and A. E. Harvey. "Nitrogen fixation in woody residue of northern Rocky Mountain conifer forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 1283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-198.

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N fixation rates, as estimated by the acetylene reduction technique, were determined for large woody residues on four old growth conifer sites in western Montana and northern Idaho. Residue loadings ranged from <50 Mg ha−1 on a warm, dry Douglas-fir site in Montana to >150 Mg ha−1 on a highly productive, wet, cedar–hemlock site in northern Idaho. Lignin and carbohydrate analyses indicated that wood on these sites was being decayed primarily by brown rot fungi. Ethylene production rates increased on all sites as wood decay progressed. Assuming that N-fixing bacteria were active for 180 days year−1, N fixed in woody residues ranged from a high of nearly 1.5 kg ha−1 year−1 on a cedar–hemlock site to a low of 0.16 kg ha−1 year−1 on a Douglas-fir site. The application of the N fixation results from this study to the northern Rocky Mountain region indicated that the majority of stands in the Douglas-fir, subalpine fir, and cedar–hemlock cover types would have N gains <0.5 kg ha−1 year−1. However, in some areas where residue loadings are heavy, such as overmature stands on cool, moist sites, or following harvesting, N gains could be much greater.

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14

Reid, Michael J., Leigh A. Schwietz, Bonnie A. Whisman, and Richard B. Moss. "Mountain Cedar Pollinosis: Can It Occur in Non-Atopics?" Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 9, no. 3 (May 1, 1988): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/108854188779023450.

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15

Bonds, R. S., R. Tiwari, B. Ning, E. W. Czerwinski, R. G. Goldblum, and T. Midoro-Horiuti. "Cross Reactivity in Mountain Cedar-Tomato Oral Allergy Syndrome." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 119, no. 1 (January 2007): S113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.426.

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16

Karim, S. M. Shajedul, Yuh-Lang Lin, and Michael L. Kaplan. "Formation Mechanisms of the Mesoscale Environment Conducive to a Downslope Windstorm over the Cuyamaca Mountains Associated with Santa Ana Wind during the Cedar Fire (2003)." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 61, no. 11 (November 2022): 1797–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-22-0025.1.

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Abstract Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the upstream environment’s impacts on the airflow over the lee slope of the Cuyamaca Mountains (CM) near San Diego, California, during the Cedar Fire that occurred from 25 to 29 October 2003. The upstream environment was largely controlled by a southwest–northeast-oriented upper-tropospheric jet streak that rotated around a positively tilted ridge within the polar jet stream. Three sequential dynamical processes were found to be responsible for modifying the mesoscale environment conducive to low-level momentum and dry air that sustained the Cedar Fire. First, the sinking motion associated with the indirect circulation of the jet streak’s exit region strengthened the midtropospheric flow over the southern Rockies and the lee slope of the Sawatch and San Juan Ranges, thus modestly affecting the airflow by enhancing the downslope wind over the CM. Second, consistent with the coupling process between the upper-level sinking motion, downward momentum transfer, and developing lower-layer mountain waves, a wave-induced critical level over the mountain produced wave breaking, which was characterized by a strong turbulent mixed region with a wind reversal on top of it. This critical level helped to produce severe downslope winds leading to the third stage: a hydraulic jump that subsequently enhanced the downstream extent of the strong winds conducive to the favorable lower-tropospheric environment for rapid fire spread. Consistent with these findings was the deep-layer resonance between the mountain surface and tropopause, which had a strong impact on strengthening the severe downslope winds over the lee slope of the CM accompanying the elevated strong easterly jet at low levels.

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17

Midoro-Horiuti, Terumi M., Takako Furuya, Edward G. Brooks, Edward M. Postlethwait, and Randall M. Goldblum. "Allergen induction in mountain cedar (Juniperus Ashei) by environmental agents." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 109, no. 1 (January 2002): S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(02)81249-0.

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18

Britt, Brooks B., Rodney D. Scheetz, Donald B. Brinkman, and David A. Eberth. "A Barremian neochoristodere from the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, U.S.A." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26, no. 4 (December 11, 2006): 1005–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[1005:abnftc]2.0.co;2.

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19

Bi̇lteki̇n, Demet. "Palynomorphs from a lacustrine sequence provide evidence for palaeoenvironmental changes during the early Miocene in Central Anatolia, Turkey." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 5 (May 2018): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0170.

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Pollen samples belonging to 54 plant taxa from 32 intervals in a 59 m thick lacustrine sequence in the Harami open pit lignite mine in Konya Province, Turkey, were studied to evaluate early Miocene (Aquitanian) changes in vegetation, climate, and environments in Central Anatolia. The regional vegetation consisted of forests, whose composition changed through time. An abundance of sub-tropical and warm-temperate, mainly deciduous trees in the lower part of Harami section indicates a warm and humid climate in the region during the earliest Miocene. A trend towards cooler and drier conditions, driven by a combination of regional and local factors, is reflected by the sequential establishment of two kinds of coniferous forests: a cedar (Cedrus) dominated forest in the middle part of the section, followed by a mixed cedar and pine (Pinus) forest in the upper part of the section. The high percentages of Cedrus in the middle and upper portions of the Harami section suggest that high-elevation coniferous forests were growing around mountain ranges. Although cedars have been a prominent part of the Anatolian flora since at least the early Miocene, in historical times their geographical range throughout the Mediterranean has been dramatically reduced by human activities.

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20

Mirhaydarov, V. Y., and N. G. Rozlomy. "Resource assessment of medicinal plants in Mountain cedar and broad-leaved deciduous forests growing in south of Far East." FORESTRY BULLETIN 25, no. 3 (June 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2021-3-58-64.

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The article presents research data on studies of the current state of the species composition of medicinal plants growing in the south of the Far East on the territory of the forest area of FSBEI HP «Primorskaya State Agricultural Academy» in mountain cedar-latitudinal forests. Biological harvest, production harvest is calculated, size of usage is established and period of restoration of medicinal plants is determined. The work shows how much raw materials can be harvested during one-time operation of thickets. Analysis was carried out, which made it possible to determine the main species composition of plants in hazelnut cedar with linden and oak and in different-shellfish cedar with yellow birch, to distinguish from them the types of medicinal plants characteristic of these types of forest. It was established that 18 types of medicinal plants are promising for volumetric harvesting of above-ground and underground organs. The yield of the remaining species is insignificant and is possible only with the observance of the rules for harvesting during the take-away measures to increase their phytomass.

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21

Cheddadi, Rachid, and Carla Khater. "Guiding Conservation for Mountain Tree Species in Lebanon." Forests 13, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050711.

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The objective of this study is to contribute to the conservation of upland tree species in the face of climate change. We used a conservation index to prioritize the areas and populations of three conifer species in the mountains of Lebanon. This conservation index integrates (1) mountain topography to identify areas that could provide a suitable microclimate, (2) genetic diversity to assess the adaptive capacity of populations in these mountain areas, and (3) a hypothetical climate change scenario that could affect this Mediterranean region. The idea of this index is to prioritize protected areas based on a match between the relevance of the area to be protected and the populations that need local and long-term protection. The stronger the match, the higher the priority of the area to be protected. We applied this conservation index to 36 populations of 15 fir, 15 cedar, and 6 juniper. These populations were genotyped by different authors whose published data we used. The results show that 10 populations of the 3 species have a very high index and 9 others have a lower but still high index, indicating a high conservation priority. These 19 populations occur in 5 different areas that we delineated and that form a network along the Lebanon Mountains. We hypothesize that the conservation of these 19 populations across the Lebanon Mountains could contribute to the long-term sustainability of the 3 species in the face of a 2 °C increase in mean seasonal temperature and a 20% decrease in seasonal precipitation compared to the current climate.

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22

Bonds, Rana, Guanjan S. Sharma, Yasuto Kondo, Jay van Bavel, Randall M. Goldblum, and Terumi Midoro-Horiuti. "Pollen food allergy syndrome to tomato in mountain cedar pollen hypersensitivity." Molecular Immunology 111 (July 2019): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.007.

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23

Fernandez-Vina, M., E. J. Ball, M. Siena, T. Sullivan, and P. Stastny. "HLA and T cell proliferative responses to mountain cedar pollen allergen." Human Immunology 23, no. 2 (January 1988): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-8859(88)90140-1.

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24

Andrews, Charles P., Paul H. Ratner, Benjamin R. Ehler, Edward G. Brooks, Brad H. Pollock, Dan A. Ramirez, and Robert L. Jacobs. "The mountain cedar model in clinical trials of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 111, no. 1 (July 2013): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2013.05.004.

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25

Joeckel, R. M., G. A. Ludvigson, A. Möller, C. L. Hotton, M. B. Suarez, C. A. Suarez, B. Sames, J. I. Kirkland, and B. Hendrix. "Chronostratigraphy and terrestrial palaeoclimatology of Berriasian–Hauterivian strata of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 498, no. 1 (October 17, 2019): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp498-2018-133.

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AbstractThis paper presents breakthroughs in the chronostratigraphy of the heretofore poorly constrained Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, which is an important record of terrestrial environments, ecosystems and global change in the ancient North American Cordilleran foreland. Zircon populations from 10 stratigraphic horizons in the Yellow Cat Member yield youngest single-grain ages ranging from 142.5 ± 2.7 to 133.7 ± 2.7 Ma (Berriasian–late Valanginian); those from one mudstone palaeosol yield a robust Concordia Age of 136.3 ± 1.3 (Valanginian). Additionally, a new palynoflora – one of a few to be published from the Cedar Mountain Formation – is assigned to the middle Berriasian to early Hauterivian stages, based on the presence of Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis and Trilobosporites sp. cf. T. canadensis, and the absence of F. asymmetricus, Appendicisporites spp. and angiosperms. Furthermore, these chronostratigraphic data allow us to interpret part of the so-called ‘Weissert Event’ C-isotope excursion (Valanginian) in a new C-isotope profile through a palaeosol-bearing alluvial succession in the Yellow Cat Member. This research extends a firm understanding of the formation further back into the Early Cretaceous than was the case previously (except for ostracod biostratigraphy) and sets the stage for future advancements.

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26

Fajardo, Kevin A., and Wendi E. Wohltmann. "The Impact of Aeroallergens on Military Readiness: A Case Report." Military Medicine 184, no. 11-12 (May 24, 2019): e945-e947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz106.

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Abstract Seasonal aeroallergens commonly cause allergic conjunctivitis, rhinorrhea, sinusitis, and cough in sensitized individuals. These clinical symptoms are the result of IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reactions, which trigger the degranulaton of mast cells and basophils. In contrast, aeroallergens are not common precipitants of urticarial dermatitis, which is driven by a cell-mediated type IV hypersensitivity reaction. In this case report, we describe an Active Duty Air Force member stationed in San Antonio, TX, who presented to the dermatology clinic with a three year history of recalcitrant urticarial dermatitis found to be directly related to exposure to the pollen from the Juniperus ashei tree, also referred to as Mountain Cedar. While laboratory findings confirmed a high level of circulating IgE antibody to Mountain Cedar, the patient had no upper respiratory symptoms consistent with a typical allergic reaction. Further, his skin disease rapidly cleared within 24 hours of leaving southern Texas. Because of the recalcitrant nature of his condition upon returning home, he was considered unfit for further military service. This case not only highlights the growing link between IgE and chronic skin disease, but also the impact aeroallergens can have on the medical readiness and world-wide deployability of Airmen, Sailors, Soldiers, and Marines.

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27

Rogers, C. A., and E. Levetin. "Evidence of long-distance transport of mountain cedar pollen into Tulsa, Oklahoma." International Journal of Biometeorology 42, no. 2 (December 11, 1998): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004840050086.

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28

Jacobs, Robert L., Daniel A. Ramirez, and Charles P. Andrews. "Validation of the biogenics research chamber for Juniperus ashei (mountain cedar) pollen." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 107, no. 2 (August 2011): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2011.04.009.

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29

Allen, Phil S., and Susan E. Meyer. "Temperature Requirements for Seed Germination of Three Penstemon Species'." HortScience 25, no. 2 (February 1990): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.2.191.

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To determine optimum germination temperatures and effective dormancy-breaking procedures, field-grown (1983-85) seeds of `Bandera' Rocky Mountain penstemon (Penstemon strictus Benth), `Cedar' Palmer penstemon (Penstemon palmeri Gray), and firecracker penstemon (Penstemon eatonii Gray) were subjected to various cold stratification and incubation temperature treatments. Increased germination following an 8-week stratification occurred in seed lots containing dormant seeds, but a 2-week stratification generally failed to break dormancy. Older (1983) seeds of `Bandera' and `Cedar' penstemon germinated to full viability without stratification. All species showed a marked decrease in germination percentage above 20C; 15C consistently produced maximum germination after 4 weeks. At 15C, mean times to 90% of total germination were 11, 22, and 29 days for `Bandera', `Cedar', and firecracker penstemon, respectively. Transfer of seeds failing to germinate at warm temperatures (25 and 30C) to 15C and applying 720 μm gibberellic acid (GA3) solution was effective in breaking primary dormancy of firecracker penstemon and secondary dormancy of `Bandera' penstemon. Our findings suggest that incubation below 20C, combined with 8 weeks of stratification or the use of after-ripened seed, may improve seed propagation efforts for these species.

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30

Moussouni, Abdenour, Zoubir Boubaker, and Amin Chaffai. "Ecology and “bird-habitat” relationship in the cedar forest of Aurès mountain (Eastern Algeria)." Ornis Hungarica 30, no. 2 (November 25, 2022): 86–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2022-0022.

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Abstract This work aims to compile the birds breeding in the cedar forest of Aurès and to study the “Bird – Habitat” relationships. The data was collected using the progressive frequency sampling method that served as the basis for the diagnosis build on an analytical approach designed around three tools (mutual information, ecological profiles, modelling). Information theory tools allowed us to identify the indicator values of species as well as the most important descriptors. Habitat modelling has been prepared for species with a high indicator value. The logistic models are shown to be well adapted to the nature of the ornithological data. They related the occurrences of the species with the dendro-ecological descriptors. The 70 surveys carried out enabled us to identify 32 bird species. The ecological analysis revealed the most active descriptors and the species with high indicator value. The best-fitting models are those of Short-toed Treecreeper with positive effect of dead wood, density of trees and variability of distances between trees, and European Robin with negative effect of anthropization and general coverage, and positive effect of crown parametres. We conclude that promoting forest structural complexity by diversifying management regimes will be key to maintain avian biodiversity in cedar forests.

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31

Turner, Judith. "Sponge Gemmules from Lake Sediments in the Puget Lowland, Washington." Quaternary Research 24, no. 2 (July 1985): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90010-9.

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Gemmules of five species of freshwater sponge found in deposits at Cedar Mountain bog in the southeastern Puget Lowland were used to infer that during the late-glacial period the water was calcareous, was not deficient in SiO2, was aerobic, and had a pH in the range 6.6–8.5. This is consistent with plant fossil data. In view of their paleoenvironmental potential it is worth looking for gemmules when extracting other fossils from lake sediments.

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32

Serrouya, Robert, Bruce N. McLellan, and John P. Flaa. "Scale-dependent microhabitat selection by threatened mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in cedar–hemlock forests during winter." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 6 (June 2007): 1082–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-279.

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Mountain caribou, an endangered ecotype of woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou Gmelin, 1788), live in late-successional coniferous forests where they depend largely on arboreal lichens as winter forage. While radio-telemetry has been used to understand caribou habitat selection patterns at broad scales among and within populations, here we use snow-trailing in old cedar–hemlock forests between 1992 and 2003 to study three finer scales of habitat selection: (1) forest stands used for foraging from available forest stands (among-stand selection), (2) foraging paths within selected stands relative to random paths within those same stands (within-stand selection), and (3) feeding items along foraging paths. Relative to stands that were available on the landscape, caribou selected stands with more windthrown trees and standing snags. Within stands, caribou selected paths that had more live trees, snags with branches and bark, and trees with larger diameters. All of these habitat attributes facilitate access to arboreal lichen. Of the potential forage items encountered along foraging paths, caribou preferred to feed on windthrown trees, lichen litterfall and falsebox ( Paxistima myrsinites (Pursh.) Raf.). Our results go beyond telemetry studies by revealing that not all old forests are of equal value to mountain caribou. Prioritization among old stands will help refine conservation measures, as will silvicultural systems that incorporate key habitat attributes to maintain winter habitat in low-elevation cedar–hemlock ecosystems.

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33

Phillips, Stephen P., John A. Howell, Adrian J. Hartley, and Magda Chmielewska. "Coarse-grained meandering distributive fluvial system of the basal Cedar Mountain Formation, U.S.A." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): 1188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.065.

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ABSTRACT The analysis of downstream changes in ancient fluvial systems can better inform depositional models for foreland-basin systems. Herein we analyze the basal deposits of the Early Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah to better understand the variety of fluvial deposits present and to develop a depositional model for the Sevier foreland basin. We also evaluate the long-held interpretation of a braided origin for these deposits and document numerous examples of point-bar deposition in highly sinuous meandering rivers by analysis of large (20 to 60 km2) plan-view exposures. These plan-view exposures allow comparisons between planform and cross-sectional geometries. The study utilizes outcrop data, virtual outcrop models, and satellite imagery to develop a facies model and analyze the architecture of channel bodies in the Buckhorn Conglomerate and Poison Strip Sandstone of the Cedar Mountain Formation. We document downstream (west to east) decreases in lateral channel migration, sinuosity, channel amalgamation, grain size, and percent of fluvial channel facies (conglomerate and sandstone). Fluvial channel deposits occur arranged into larger stratal bodies: multistory–multilateral channel bodies that are dominantly composed of clast-supported conglomerate in the west to a mix of multistory, multilateral, and isolated channel bodies composed of matrix-supported conglomerate in the east. The median width of highly sinuous point bars is similar across the field area (344 m to 477 m), but the inclusion of narrower (median = 174 m), low-sinuosity bar elements in the east indicates an overall reduction in lateral channel migration and sinuosity downstream. Net-to-gross values range from 100% in much of the western outcrops to as low as 38% in the east. Paleocurrent analysis reveals a transverse (west to east) paleoflow for the study interval that merges with axial (south–north) paleoflow near the Utah–Colorado state line. We estimate 104 m3/s-scale discharge and 106 kilometer-scale drainage area for axial rivers based on paleohydraulic analysis which represents a significant part of the Early Cretaceous continental-scale drainage. The observed downstream trends in lateral channel migration, sinuosity, channel amalgamation, grain size, and net-to-gross for the basal Cedar Mountain Formation are consistent with expected trends for sinuous single-thread distributive fluvial systems and are similar to observed trends in the Jurassic Morrison Formation. Medial (Buckhorn Conglomerate) to distal (Poison Strip Sandstone) zones are preserved and span the forebulge to backbulge depozones of a foreland-basin system. Postulated deposits of the proximal distributive fluvial system have been removed during erosion of the foredeep depozone. The easternmost Poison Strip Sandstone and coeval Burro Canyon Formation represent deposits of an axial system at which western-sourced distributive fluvial systems end. Distributive fluvial systems dominate modern foreland basins, and this study suggests that they may constitute a significant proportion of ancient successions.

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Edmonds, Robert L., Ted B. Thomas, and Kathleen P. Maybury. "Tree population dynamics, growth, and mortality in old-growth forests in the western Olympic Mountains, Washington." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-069.

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Tree population dynamics, growth, and mortality were determined in old-growth forested watersheds in the Hoh River valley, Olympic Peninsula, Washington: West Twin Creek (elevation 180–850 m) and Hoh Lake (elevation 1250–1525 m). Principal tree species at West Twin Creek are Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), Pacific silver fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forb.), western red cedar (Thujaplicata D. Don), and Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.). At Hoh Lake they are Pacific silver fir, mountain hemlock (Tsugamertensiana (Bong.) Carr.), and Alaska cedar (Chamaecyparisnootkatensis (D. Don) Spach). In 1985 stem densities for trees >5 cm DBH averaged 476 and 489 ha−1 in the upper and lower West Twin Creek watershed, respectively, and 508 ha−1 at Hoh Lake watershed. Stem densities at both sites declined 3–5% from 1985 to 1990. Western hemlock and Pacific silver fir were the dominant species at West Twin Creek and Hoh Lake, respectively. From 1985 to 1990 the annual mortality rate was 0.8% at West Twin Creek and 0.9% at Hoh Lake. Pacific silver fir had the highest mortality rate. No Douglas-fir or western red cedar trees died. The primary causes of mortality were as follows: suppression–unknown, diseases, insects, and windthrow. In 1985 basal areas were 77, 87, and 94 m2•ha−1 in the lower and upper West Twin Creek watershed and Hoh Lake watershed, respectively. There was a 5% increase and a 1% decrease in basal area from 1985 to 1990 in the lower and upper West Twin Creek watershed, respectively, and a 4% decrease at Hoh Lake. Western red cedar, Douglas-fir, and western hemlock increased in basal area, while the other species declined.

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Midoro-Horiuti, Terumi, Randall M. Goldblum, Alexander Kurosky, Thomas G. Wood, and Edward G. Brooks. "Variable Expression of Pathogenesis-Related Protein Allergen in Mountain Cedar (Juniperus ashei) Pollen." Journal of Immunology 164, no. 4 (February 15, 2000): 2188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.164.4.2188.

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Taylor, Michael P., Mathew J. Wedel, and Richard L. Cifelli. "A New Sauropod Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA." Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56, no. 1 (March 2011): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2010.0073.

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Lockley, Martin G., Diane White, James Kirkland, and Vince Santucci. "Dinosaur Tracks from the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Arches National Park, Utah." Ichnos 11, no. 3-4 (July 2004): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420940490428742.

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Wong, Priscilla H., James M. Quinn, Robert A. Gomez, and Charles N. Webb. "Systemic reactions to immunotherapy during mountain cedar season: implications for seasonal dose adjustment." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 5, no. 5 (September 2017): 1438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.03.021.

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Tucker, Ryan T., Celina A. Suarez, Peter J. Makovicky, and Lindsay E. Zanno. "Paralic sedimentology of the Mussentuchit Member coastal plain, Cedar Mountain Formation, central Utah, U.S.A." Journal of Sedimentary Research 92, no. 6 (June 27, 2022): 546–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2021.028.

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ABSTRACT Although intensified work on the volcaniclastic-rich sediments of the fossil-bearing Mussentuchit Member (uppermost Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah) has provided a refined chronostratigraphic framework, paleoenvironmental interpretations remain cryptic. To resolve this, we performed facies analysis and architectural reconstruction on exposed Mussentuchit Member outcrops south of Emery, central Utah, USA. Contrary to previous interpretations (fluvial, lacustrine), we identified a broad suite of facies that indicate that deposition occurred on the landward part of a paralic depocenter, influenced by both distal alluvial and proximal coastal systems. We conclude that the Mussentuchit Member was a sink for suspension-settling fines with most undergoing pedogenic alteration, analogous to the modern coastal plain of French Guiana (Wang et al. 2002; Anthony et al. 2010, 2014). However, this landward paralic depocenter was not uniform through time. Sedimentological evidence indicates landscape modification was ongoing, influenced by an altered base-level (high groundwater table, long residency of water in sediments, shifts in paleosol types, heavier to lighter δ18O, and distinct shifts in relative humidity (ε); common in coastal settings). If the above data is coupled with recent age data, we interpret that the Mussentuchit Member correlates to the S.B. 4 Greenhorn Regression (Thatcher Limestone) of the adjacent Western Interior Seaway to the east. As a landward paralic depocenter, the Mussentuchit would have been sensitive to base-level conditions in response to ongoing tectonic processes pushing the foredeep east, and lower paleo-CO2 levels coupled with a minor global sea-level fall (brief glacial phase) just before to the Cenomanian–Turonian Thermal Maximum. Altogether, our results not only strengthen linkages in the central Western Interior Seaway, but simultaneously results in novel linkages to near-coeval paralic depocenters across mid-Cenomanian North America.

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SHAPIRO, R. S., H. C. FRICKE, and K. FOX. "DINOSAUR-BEARING ONCOIDS FROM EPHEMERAL LAKES OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS CEDAR MOUNTAIN FORMATION, UTAH." PALAIOS 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2008.p08-013r.

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Jochner-Oette, Susanne, Johanna Jetschni, Petra Liedl, and Annette Menzel. "Indoor Pollen Concentrations of Mountain Cedar (Juniperus ashei) during Rainy Episodes in Austin, Texas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031541.

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Standard pollen monitoring programs evaluate outdoor pollen concentrations; however, information on indoor pollen is crucial for human wellbeing as people spend most of the day in indoor environments. In this study, we investigated the differences in indoor mountain cedar pollen loads between rooms of different uses and with different ventilation at The University of Texas in Austin and focused on the effect of rainy episodes on indoor/outdoor ratios of pollen concentrations. Pollen were sampled outdoors and indoors, specifically in seven rooms and in two thermal labs with controlled ventilation, during the daytime on 6 days in 2015. We calculated daily pollen concentrations, campaign pollen integrals (CPIn, the sum of all daily pollen concentrations) and ratios between indoor and outdoor concentrations (I/O ratio). Pollen concentrations differed substantially based on features related to room use and ventilation: Whereas the highest CPIn was observed in a room characterized by a frequently opened window and door, the smallest CPIn was related to a storeroom without any windows and no forced ventilation. Our results showed that rainy episodes were linked to a higher mean I/O ratio (0.98; non-rainy episodes: 0.05). This suggests that pollen accumulated indoors and reached higher levels than outdoors. Low ratios seem to signal a low level of risk for allergic people when staying inside. However, under very high outdoor pollen concentrations, small ratios can still be associated with high indoor pollen levels. In turn, high I/O ratios are not necessarily related to a (very) high indoor exposure. Therefore, I/O ratios should be considered along with pollen concentration values for a proper risk assessment. Exposure may be higher in indoor environments during prevailing precipitation events and at the end of the pollen season of a specific species. Standardized indoor environments (e.g., thermal labs) should be included in pollen monitoring programs.

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Lorenz, John C., Scott P. Cooper, and William A. Olsson. "Natural fracture distributions in sinuous, channel-fill sandstones of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah." AAPG Bulletin 90, no. 9 (September 2006): 1293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/03300605137.

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Midoro-Horiuti, Terumi, Randall M. Goldblum, Alexander Kurosky, Thomas G. Wood, Catherine H. Schein, and Edward G. Brooks. "Molecular cloning of the mountain cedar (Juniperus ashei) pollen major allergen, Jun a 1." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 104, no. 3 (September 1999): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70332-5.

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Meier, Eric A., Bonnie A. Whisman, and Melinda M. Rathkopf. "Effect of imported fire ant extract on the degradation of mountain cedar pollen allergen." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 96, no. 1 (January 2006): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61036-8.

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Sharma*, G. S., T. Midoro-Horiuti, J. H. Van Bavel, and R. M. Goldblum. "ORAL ALLERGY SYNDROME TO TOMATO, BANANA AND APPLE IN MOUNTAIN CEDAR (MC) POLLINOSIS. - F3." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 93, no. 5 (November 2004): S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61735-8.

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Nydam, Randall L., and Richard L. Cifelli. "A new teiid lizard from the Cedar Mountain Formation (Albian–Cenomanian boundary) of Utah." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22, no. 2 (July 8, 2002): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0276:antlft]2.0.co;2.

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Carpenter, Kenneth, Jeff Bartlett, John Bird, and Reese Barrick. "Ankylosaurs from the Price River Quarries, Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), east-central Utah." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28, no. 4 (December 12, 2008): 1089–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089.

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Tiwari, R., B. Ning, S. Negi, M. Endsley, D. Estes, C. Schein, W. Braun, T. Midoro-Horiuti, and R. Goldblum. "Mapping Conformational Epitopes On Jun A 1, The Major Allergen Of Mountain Cedar Pollen." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 119, no. 1 (January 2007): S105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.630.

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Özcan, Ali Uğur, Javier Velázquez, Víctor Rincón, Derya Gülçin, and Kerim Çiçek. "Assessment of the Morphological Pattern of the Lebanon Cedar under Changing Climate: The Mediterranean Case." Land 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2022): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060802.

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The effects of climate change on species can influence the delicate balance in ecosystems. For this reason, conservation planning needs to take account of connectivity and the related ecological processes within the framework of climate change. In this study, we focus on the change in the ecological connectivity of the Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.), which is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, particularly in the Amanus and Taurus Mountains. To this end, we evaluated the changes in spatial units providing connectivity in the potential and future distributions of the species through ecological niche modelling, morphological spatial pattern analysis, and landscape metrics. The results suggest that the species is moving to the northeast. According to the future projections, we predict that the potential habitat suitability of the species will shrink significantly and that, in the case of pessimistic scenarios, the extent of the suitable habitats will decrease, particularly in the western and central Taurus Mountain chains. A comparison of potential and future cores indicates that there will be a slight increase under the RCP 4.5 2050 scenario, whereas core areas will decrease in the RCP 4.5 2070, RCP 8.5 2050, and RCP 8.5 2070 scenarios. In addition, it is predicted that bridges would increase in the RCP 4.5 2070 and RCP 8.5 2050 scenarios but decrease in other scenarios.

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Samdan, Andrey Mikhailovich. "The vegetation cover of the «Aryskannyg» cluster of the «Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina» Reserve (Ubsunur hollow) (the southern slopes of the East Tannu-Ola Mountain Range, Republic of Tyva)." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021102111.

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This paper studies the vegetation cover organization of the Aryskannyg cluster of the state natural biosphere reserve Ubsunurskaya Kotlovina. In the course of the work 2 ecological and phytocoenotic profiles were laid and 2 large-scale mapping was carried out. The steppe type of vegetation is mainly represented by different variants of real turf-and-slag steppes: shrubby, petrophytic and dry. The original steppe communities are the resurrection ( Selaginella sanguinolenta ) and eastern feather grass coenoses ( Stipa orientalis ). An independent high-altitude belt forms mountain expositional forest-steppes. The forest component consists of grass and rhytidium larch forests, and the daurian rhododendron occupies an active position in the undergrowth. The steppe component consists of thickened mixed-grass-stop-grass meadow, as well as mixed-grass-fine-grained-slag petrophytic steppes. The mountain-taiga belt is represented by communities of larch and cedar formations. The high-altitude belt is dominated by yernik ( Betula rotundifolia ) and dryad ( Dryas oxyodontha ) mountain-tundra communities. It is revealed that the territory has a complex vegetation cover, which was formed in the conditions of mountain relief and sharply continental climate, the diversity of plant communities (from dry-steppe to mountain-tundra) is due to the length of the cluster territory in three high-altitude zones and the complex influence of latitudinal and local abiotic factors. The leading factors in the distribution of vegetation are the exposure of the slopes and the absolute height of the terrain.

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