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Mukantayev, T. E. "Laparoscopic endocystectomy in patients with liver echinococcosis." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 2 (April 15, 2015): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-138.
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Aim. To evaluate the efficiency and to review the indications for laparoscopic endocystectomy in liver echinococcosis.Methods. The results of laparoscopic endocystectomy in 86 patients treated for liver echinococcosis compared to cystectomy by laparotomy in 159 patients are presented.Results. Optimal characteristics for laparoscopic endocystectomy were types CL, CE1-CE3 of cystic echinococcosis according to cystic echinococcosis ultrasonic classification by H.A. Gharbi (1981) modified by World Health Organization (2003) with cysts localized in 2-6 liver segments; partial superficial location of cysts; cyst size not less than 5 cm; no cysts in 1, 7 and 8 liver segments or deeply located cysts of any size, as well as cysts of CE4-CE5 types. Of the 86 cases in which laparoscopic endocystectomy was completed successfully, in 4 patients the surgery was continued by a laparotomy access. The reasons for the continuation with laparotomy were unsuccessful attempts for stable hemostasis at resection of liver fibrous capsule excesses (1 case), presence of large fistula between the cyst and components of the biliary system at the bottom of the fibrous cavity (2 patients), and location of the second cyst in the segment unavailable for laparoscopic manipulation (1 case). The frequency of early complications after laparoscopic endocystectomy was 15.1% (p=0.23). Relapse occurred in 1 (1.2%) patient (p=0.23). Comparative assessment of echinococcosis recurrence risk in different periods (Kaplan-Meier analysis) after laparoscopic interventions and laparotomy, both followed by albendazole treatment, did not identify any statistically significant differences.Conclusion. The early and long-term effects of laparoscopic endocystectomy in liver echinococcosis are not inferior to conventional laparotomy if indications are strictly followed.
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Becker, Niklas, and Andrzej Cieślik. "Determinants of German Direct Investment in CEE Countries." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13110268.
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This paper studies the determinants of German direct investment in the Central and Eastern European countries during the period 1996–2016 using the augmented Knowledge Capital model to identify the main reasons for foreign direct investment (FDI). The empirical results show increasing multinational enterprise (MNE) activity with growth in country-size and with growing similarities of countries, which supports the horizontal reason for FDI; while the difference in the share of skilled labor force associated with the vertical reason has no effect. Furthermore, the estimation results show unimportance of trade costs to the foreign market and the significance of the distance between source and host countries.
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Krystynowicz, Alina, Maria Koziołkiewicz, Agnieszka Wiktorowska-Jezierska, Stanisław Bielecki, Emilia Klemenska, Aleksander Masny, and Andrzej Płucienniczak. "Molecular basis of cellulose biosynthesis disappearance in submerged culture of Acetobacter xylinum." Acta Biochimica Polonica 52, no. 3 (September 30, 2005): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2005_3432.
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Acetobacter xylinum strains are known as very efficient producers of bacterial cellulose which, due to its unique properties, has great application potential. One of the most important problems faced during cellulose synthesis by these bacteria is generation of cellulose non-producing cells, which can appear under submerged culture conditions. The reasons of this remain unknown. These studies have been undertaken to compare at the molecular level wild-type, cellulose producing (Cel(+)) A. xylinum strains with Cel(-) forms of cellulose-negative phenotype. Comparison of protein profiles of both forms of A. xylinum by 2D electrophoresis allowed for the isolation of proteins which were produced exclusively by either Cel+ or Cel- cells. Sequences of peptides derived from these proteins were aligned with those of proteins deposited in databases. This analysis revealed that Cel(-) cells lacked two enzymes: phosphoglucomutase and glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, which generates UDP-glucose being the substrate for cellulose synthase. DNA was analyzed by ligation-mediated PCR carried out at low denaturation temperature (PCR-MP). Two DNA fragments of different thermal stability (218 and 217 bp) were obtained from the DNA of Cel(+) and Cel(-) forms, respectively. The only difference between these Cel(-) and Cel(+) DNA fragments is deletion of one T residue. Alignment of those two sequences with those deposited in the GenBank database revealed that similar fragments are present in the genomes of some bacterial cellulose producers and are located downstream from open reading frames (ORF) encoding phosphoglucomutase. The meaning of this observation is discussed.
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Riedell, Peter A., Chase Walling, Loretta J. Nastoupil, Martina Pennisi, Richard T. Maziarz, Joseph P. McGuirk, Olalekan O. Oluwole, et al. "A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Outcomes, Toxicities, and Patterns of Use in Institutions Utilizing Commercial Axicabtagene Ciloleucel and Tisagenlecleucel for Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-127490.
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Introduction CD19 directed CAR T cells have shown potent activity in relapsed/refractory (R/R) aggressive B-cell lymphomas (B-NHL) leading to the FDA approval of axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel, Oct 2017) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel, May 2018). Initial reports on commercial application of axi-cel suggest many patients (pts) would not have met eligibility criteria for the ZUMA-1 clinical trial, yet outcomes and toxicities appeared similar (Nastoupil LJ, et al. Blood 2018 132:91 and Jacobson CA, et al. Blood 2018 132:92). No data on the "real world" application of tisa-cel is available. We performed a multicenter retrospective study to include both approved commercial products, axi-cel and tisa-cel, given in centers that had the option of prescribing either product. We evaluate patterns of use, efficacy, and safety. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from pts who underwent apheresis for commercial axi-cel or tisa-cel from 8 US academic centers. Data collection started after 5/1/2018, following FDA approval of tisa-cel when centers would have a choice to prescribe either axi-cel or tisa-cel for B-NHL. Centers were invited to participate if they were certified to administer both products. Patient and treatment characteristics were summarized descriptively. Response and toxicity were reported with 95% exact binomial CIs. Results As of 7/31/2019, 242 pts underwent apheresis for commercial CAR T-cell products. Of these, 163 (67%) underwent apheresis for axi-cel, and 79 (33%) for tisa-cel. 14 (9%) axi-cel and 3 (4%) tisa-cel pts died prior to CAR T-cell infusion from lymphoma progression, and 1 (1%) tisa-cel pt was not infused for other reasons. Detailed baseline pt characteristics were available for 180/242 pts (Table 1). Median age at apheresis was 58 years (range: 18-85) for axi-cel pts and 67 years (range: 36-88) for tisa-cel pts. ECOG PS was 0-1 in 86% of axi-cel and 94% of tisa-cel pts. By histology, 77% of axi-cel pts had DLBCL, 13% TFL, 9% HGBL and 2% PMBCL. Similarly, 81% of tisa-cel pts had DLBCL, 13% HGBL, and 6% TFL. The median number of prior therapies was 3 (range: 2-11) for axi-cel and 4 (range: 2-9) for tisa-cel pts. Prior autologous stem cell transplant was performed in 29% of axi-cel and 23% of tisa-cel pts, respectively. Bridging therapy was given in 61% of axi-cel and 72% of tisa-cel pts. Median time from apheresis to CAR T-cell infusion was 28 days for axi-cel and 44 days for tisa-cel. CAR T-cell infusion was inpatient in 100% of axi-cel and 39% of tisa-cel pts. Safety was evaluable in 213 pts. CRS was graded according to institutional practices (CARTOX (38%), Penn scale (31%), ASTCT (19%), and Lee scale (11%)). NEs were graded per CARTOX (80%), ASTCT (19%), or CTCAE V4.03 (1%). Grade ≥3 CRS and NEs occurred in 13% and 41% of axi-cel pts and 1% and 3% of tisa-cel pts. The median onset of CRS and NEs was 2 and 6 days in axi-cel, and 3 and 5 days in tisa-cel treated pts, respectively. Tocilizumab was administered in 62% of axi-cel pts with 57% receiving steroids. In tisa-cel pts, tocilizumab was administered in 13% of cases, with 7% receiving steroids. 12 deaths (8%) unrelated to lymphoma progression occurred in axi-cel pts at a median of 57 days (range: 6-373) with 5 due to infectious complications, 4 due to grade 5 NEs, 1 due to cardiac disease, 1 due to pulmonary hemorrhage, and 1 due to HLH. 4 deaths (6%) unrelated to lymphoma progression occurred in tisa-cel pts at a median of 48 days (range: 25-146) with 2 due to infectious complications, 1 due to cardiac disease, and 1 due to unknown causes. Response assessment was performed for infused pts at day 30 and/or day 90, or in those determined to have clinical progression. Of 120 axi-cel pts evaluable at day 30, the ORR was 72% with 43% achieving a CR. Of the 32 tisa-cel pts evaluable at day 30, the ORR was 59% with 44% achieving a CR. At day 90, the ORR for axi-cel was 52% with 39% achieving a CR, while for tisa-cel the ORR was 48% with 39% achieving a CR. Conclusions Efficacy outcomes in the commercial setting appear similar to responses seen in the pivotal clinical trials. Though different toxicity grading scales were employed, tisa-cel appears to be associated with less CRS and NEs. Data from a larger group of pts treated at additional centers are being gathered. Analyses of usage patterns and updated outcomes with uniform ASTCT toxicity grading will be presented in an effort to better understand therapeutic decision making. Disclosures Riedell: Novartis: Research Funding; Verastem: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Kite/Gilead: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Nastoupil:Spectrum: Honoraria; TG Therapeutics: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria; Genentech, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding. Maziarz:Kite: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene/Juno: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. McGuirk:Gamida Cell: Research Funding; Pluristem Ltd: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Fresenius Biotech: Research Funding; Astellas: Research Funding; Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Kite Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Juno Therapeutics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; ArticulateScience LLC: Other: Assistance with manuscript preparation. Oluwole:Pfizer: Consultancy; Spectrum: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy. Bachanova:Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Kite: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gamida Cell: Research Funding; GT Biopharma: Research Funding. Hwang:Tmunity: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Schuster:Pharmacyclics: Honoraria, Research Funding; Acerta: Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Loxo Oncology: Honoraria; Nordic Nanovector: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Patents & Royalties: Combination Therapies of CAR and PD-1 Inhibitors with royalties paid to Novartis, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Genentech: Honoraria, Research Funding; Merck: Honoraria, Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria, Research Funding. Perales:Bellicum: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; NexImmune: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MolMed: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Omeros: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Meyers Squibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Nektar Therapeutics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Consultancy, Honoraria; Medigene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Servier: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kyte/Gilead: Research Funding; Miltenyi: Research Funding. Bishop:Juno: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CRISPR Therapeutics: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Kite: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Porter:American Board of Internal Medicine: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Immunovative: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech: Employment; Wiley and Sons: Honoraria; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Kite: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Glenmark Pharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Jacobson, Sansea L. "Thirteen reasons to be concerned about 13 Reasons Why." Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter 33, no. 6 (May 23, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbl.30220.
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Howard, Ravi. "Rites and Reasons." Callaloo 38, no. 2 (2015): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2015.0046.
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Lavender, Bill. "The Reason." Callaloo 29, no. 4 (2006): 1486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2007.0039.
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Omodero, Cordelia Onyinyechi. "The Consequences of Indirect Taxation on Consumption in Nigeria." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 4 (October 7, 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040105.
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This research tests the consequences of Nigeria’s indirect taxes on consumption. There are two reasons why the government imposes taxes on goods and services in Nigeria. The primary purpose is to produce income for the smooth running of the administration. Another silent reason is to discourage the ingestion of prohibited products and services, and that is through customs and excise duties (CED). This study assesses both Value Added Tax (VAT) and CED to determine their effects on consumption using various econometric tools, such as trend analysis, pairwise Granger causality tests, unrestricted co-integration rank test, least squares technique, and data that cover the period from 2005 to 2019. The results indicate that VAT insignificantly but positively influences consumption, while CED has a considerable auspicious influence on use. This result shows that VAT imposition on merchandises and services is discouraging the absorption of specific foodstuffs and services and allowing the operation of informal economic activities to thrive in Nigeria. However, CED charges do not reduce the use of certain illegal products purposely taxed to discourage their consumption. This study recommends a reduction in the prices of food items and services to enable consumers to increase their patronage, while the products that attract CED but are harmful should be banned entirely. Thus, offenders should be allowed to face the wrath of the law.
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Mracek, Jan, Jakub Kletecka, Irena Holeckova, Jiri Dostal, Jolana Mrackova, Jan Mork, and Vladimir Priban. "Patient Satisfaction with General versus Local Anesthesia during Carotid Endarterectomy." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 80, no. 05 (April 29, 2019): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688692.
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Background and Study Aims Both general and local anesthesia are used in our department for carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The decision as to which anesthetic technique to use during surgery is made individually. The aim of our study was to evaluate patient satisfaction and preference with the anesthesia type used. Material and Methods The satisfaction of a group of 205 patients with regard to anesthesia used and their future preferences were evaluated prospectively through a questionnaire. The reasons for dissatisfaction were assessed. Results CEA was performed under general anesthesia (GA) in 159 cases (77.6%) and under local anesthesia (LA) in 46 cases (22.4%). In the GA group, 148 patients (93.1%) were satisfied; 30 patients (65.2%) in the LA group were satisfied (p < 0.0001). The reason for dissatisfaction with GA were postoperative nausea and vomiting (7 patients), postoperative psychological alteration (3), and fear of GA (1). The reasons for dissatisfaction with LA were intraoperative pain (9 patients), intraoperative discomfort and stress (5), and intraoperative breathing problems (2). Of the GA group, 154 (96.9%) patients would prefer GA again, and of the LA group, 28 (60.9%) patients would prefer LA if operated on again (p < 0.0001). Overall, 172 patients (83.9%) would prefer GA in the future, and 33 patients (16.1%) would prefer LA. Conclusion Overall patient satisfaction with CEA performed under both GA and LA is high. Nevertheless, in the GA group, patient satisfaction and future preference were significantly higher. Both GA and LA have advantages and disadvantages for CEA. An optimal approach is to make use of both anesthetic techniques based on their individual indications and patient preference.
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BAUM, RUDY. "Attacks on science require measured, reasoned response." Chemical & Engineering News 73, no. 26 (June 26, 1995): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n026.p034.
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Walters, Anne. "13 Reasons Why : Again." Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter 34, no. 8 (July 13, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbl.30316.
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Groen, H., M. M. Hochstenbag, J. W. van Putten, A. Vincent, O. Dalesio, B. Biesma, H. J. Smit, A. Termeer, B. E. van den Borne, and F. M. Schramel. "A randomized placebo-controlled phase III study of docetaxel/carboplatin with celecoxib in patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): The NVALT-4 study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 8005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.8005.
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8005 Background: Cox-2 is overexpressed in NSCLC tumors and has a negative impact on survival. It is involved in proliferation and angiogenesis. The hypothesis is that celecoxib by inhibiting Cox-2 enzyme will prolong survival and may increase response to chemotherapy. Methods: We performed a phase III study with planned sample size of 540 pts. Included were pts with pathologically proven NSCLC, no prior chemotherapy, PS=0–2, measurable disease, adequate organ functions. Excluded were pts with CHF NYHA class II-IV, atherosclerotic diseases, gastrointestinal bleeding, symptomatic brain metastases and chronic use of NSAIDs (defined as 1 wk for >3 wks per yr or more than 21 days throughout the year). Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) ≤ 150 mg/d was allowed. Pts were treated with docetaxel 75 mg/m2;, carboplatin (AUC = 6 mg/ml.min) every 3 wks for 5 cycles and randomized for celecoxib (cel) 400 mg bd, starting on day 1 for 3 years or placebo (plac) 400 mg bd. Stratification was by WHO PS (0–1 vs. 2), stage (IIIB vs. IV), ASA (yes vs. no) and hospital. Primary endpoint was overall survival. Results: From July 2003 until Dec 2007 561 pts were randomized (cel 281 pts, plac 280 pts). Median follow-up was 36 months (mo). Median (range) age 61 yrs(33–84), M/F 63/37%, PS 0/1/2 45/48/6%, adeno/large cell/squamous/other 48/27/18/7%, stage IIIB/IV 17/83%, 11% of pts used acid ≤ 150 mg/day. Reason to end treatment (cel/plac arm) was therapy completed (51/45%), PD (17/22%), adverse events (8/10%), death (8/8%). Toxicity was mild and no increase in cardiovascular events were observed in cel arm. CR, PR, SD, PD in cel/plac arm was 0/1%, 33/26%, 35/40%, 14/19%, respectively. Response rate in evaluable pts was better in the cel arm (p=0.05). Median PFS (95% CI) was 5,5 mo ( 4,3 - 6,8), OS was 8,3 mo (7,5 - 8,8), not different for both arms. HR stratified by ASA and PS for PFS and OS was 0,94 (0.79–1.13) and 0.95 (0.79–1.15), respectively. Conclusions: Addition of celecoxib to first line chemotherapy improves response rate but not progression-free interval or overall survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Blacquiere, Dylan, Michael Sharma, and Prasad Jetty. "Delays in Carotid Endarterectomy: The Process is the Problem." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 40, no. 4 (July 2013): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100014712.
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Abstract:Background:Current recommendations for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for symptomatic carotid stenosis state benefit is greatest when performed within two weeks of symptoms. However, only a minority of cases are operated on within this guideline, and no systematic examinations of reasons for these delays exist.Methods:All CEA cases performed at our institution by vascular surgery for symptomatic carotid stenosis after neurologist referral in 2008-2009 were reviewed. Dates of symptom onset, initial presentation, referral to and evaluation by neurology and vascular surgery, vascular imaging, and CEA were collected, and the length of time between each analysed. Reasons for delays were noted where available.Results:Of 36 included patients, 34 had CEA more than two weeks after symptom onset. Median time to CEA from onset was 76 days (IQR, 38-105 days). Longest intervals were between surgeon assessment and CEA (14 days; IQR, 9-21 days), neurology referral and neurologist assessment (9 days; IQR, 2-26 days), vascular imaging and referral to vascular surgery (9 days; IQR, 2-35 days) and vascular surgery referral and assessment (8 days; IQR, 6-15 days). Few patients (44.1%) had reasons for delays identified; of these, process-related delays were related to delayed vascular imaging, delayed referral by primary care physicians, or multiple conflicting referrals.Conclusions:There are significant delays between symptom onset and CEA in patients referred for CEA, with delay highest between specialist referral and evaluation. Strategies to reduce these delays may be effective in increasing the proportion of procedures performed within two weeks of symptom onset.
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SIBBISON, JIM. "The Reasons EPA Failed." Chemical & Engineering News 68, no. 44 (October 29, 1990): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n044.p031.
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Kestler, Andrew, Amanda Giesler, Jane Buxton, Gray Meckling, Michelle Lee, Garth Hunte, Jacob Wilkins, Dalya Marks, and Frank Scheuermeyer. "Yes, not now, or never: an analysis of reasons for refusing or accepting emergency department-based take-home naloxone." CJEM 21, no. 2 (May 23, 2018): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.368.
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AbstractObjectiveTake-home naloxone (THN) reduces deaths from opioid overdose. To increase THN distribution to at-risk emergency department (ED) patients, we explored reasons for patients’ refusing or accepting THN.MethodsIn an urban teaching hospital ED, we identified high opioid overdose risk patients according to pre-specified criteria. We offered eligible patients THN and participation in researcher-administered surveys, which inquired about reasons to refuse or accept THN and about THN dispensing location preferences. We analyzed refusal and acceptance reasons in open-ended responses, grouped reasons into categories (absolute versus conditional refusals,) then searched for associations between patient characteristics and reasons.ResultsOf 247 patients offered THN, 193 (78.1%) provided reasons for their decision. Of those included, 69 (35.2%) were female, 91 (47.2%) were under age 40, 61 (31.6%) were homeless, 144 (74.6%) reported injection drug use (IDU), and 131 (67.9%) accepted THN. Of 62 patients refusing THN, 19 (30.7%) felt “not at risk” for overdose, while 28 (45.2%) gave conditional refusal reasons: “too sick,” “in a rush,” or preference to get THN elsewhere. Non-IDU was associated with stating “not at risk,” while IDU, homelessness, and age under 40 were associated with conditional refusals. Among acceptances, 86 (65.7%) mentioned saving others as a reason. Most respondents preferred other dispensing locations beside the ED, whether or not they accepted ED THN.ConclusionED patients refusing THN felt “not at risk” for overdose or felt their ED visit was not the right time or place for THN. Most accepting THN wanted to save others.
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Poór, József, Agneš Slavić, Milan Nikolić, and Nemanja Berber. "The managerial implications of the labor market and workplace shortage in Central Eastern Europe." Strategic Management 26, no. 2 (2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/straman2102031p.
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In the recent years the labor market of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries has changed a lot. One of the main business challenges in the CEE region is the worker shortage. The possible reasons of this phenomenon are the emigration of the labor force from the countries of the former Eastern Bloc to the Western countries, the negative demographic tendencies in the region, the effects of economic crisis and the significant wage differences in the countries of European Union. This paper presents the first results of an international research conducted in six countries from the CEE region (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia) on the reasons and managerial implications of the current labor force shortage. The research questionnaire was filled out in 797 companies and institutions in the CEE region. In our paper we will show the size, ownership and the sectoral distribution of our sample, as well as the average turnover rate, the average time to fill a position in, the positions hard to fill in, the possible reasons of labor shortage and the successful organizational and governmental programs to deal with labor market shortage. The obtained results may be a useful input for the formulation of human resource management programs in the organizations facing with labor market shortage in Serbia and other CEE countries.
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Wilson, Peter. "Reasons to Travel to Italy (part one), under the Telefonino." Constelaciones. Revista de Arquitectura de la Universidad CEU San Pablo, no. 1 (May 2013): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31921/constelaciones.n1a1.
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Hacker’s Telefonino is a speculative dialogue between the three figures in the 1782 painting of an erupting Etna by the Italian based, German Neoclassical landscape painter Jacob Philip Hackert. The other two are English, Charles Gore and Richard Payne Knight, grand-tourists who subsequently play significant roles in trans-European networks and the English landscape movement, the emergence of subjective perception: the Picturesque. The text oscillates between the art historical exactitude of its biographi-cal notes, and the fictionality of the pictures subject, and a further fictio-nality manifested by the trans-historical mobile telephone, enigmatically hovering like a techno-Holbein in the pictures foreground.
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Knopf, Alison. "Advice for parents on 13 Reasons Why." Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter 33, S6 (May 23, 2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbl.30221.
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WORTHY, WARD. "Reasons for chemistry textbook errors probed." Chemical & Engineering News 65, no. 16 (April 20, 1987): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v065n016.p062.
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JACOBS, MADELEINE. "REASONS SOUGHT FOR LACK OF DIVERSITY." Chemical & Engineering News 79, no. 40 (October 2001): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n040.p100.
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Janus, Jakub. "Real interest rate differentials between Central and Eastern European countries and the euro area." Equilibrium 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 677–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2019.031.
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Research background: The question of changes in real interest rates differentials between the Euro Area and the CEE countries in the last years is raised because of two main reasons. The first rationale is related to the growing importance of external financial factors for the CEE economies and their monetary autonomy. The second reason is associated with the unprecedented shift in monetary conditions in the EMU, brought about by negative interest rates policy and unconventional policies, and the way it impacts the real rates in the CEE economies.
Purpose of the article: This paper aims at exploring the relationship between real interest rates in the Euro Area and ten countries: Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, North Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Turkey, and Ukraine. The analysis covers the years of 1999-2018, including periods before and after the financial and economic crisis.
Methods: We employ Markov-switching regression to construct the ex-ante real interest rates series in each country, using monthly data on short-term interest rates and CPI inflation rates. A battery of unit root and stationarity test, both standard and panel ones, is applied to examine the real interest rate parity, also allowing for a structural break in the rate differentials.
Findings & Value added: We provide detailed evidence on the real interest rates differentials for all of the CEE countries vis-à-vis the Euro Area. We find that, while panel stationarity tests point to the stability of real rate differentials, there are significant dissimilarities across the countries, and the results of the univariate tests are often mixed. At least half of the economies, however, reveal similar patterns of stationarity in real rates relationships. At the same time, we find differentials for the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, countries highly integrated into the EMU economy, to be unstable over time.
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Littleton-Kearney, Marguerite T., Judy A. Klaus, and Patricia D. Hurn. "Effects of Combined Oral Conjugated Estrogens and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Brain Infarction Size after Experimental Stroke in Rat." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 25, no. 4 (February 2, 2005): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600052.
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The reason that estrogen is strongly protective in various estrogen-deficient animal models while seemingly detrimental in postmenopausal women remains unclear. It hypothesized that prolonged oral medroxyprogesterone (MPA) plus oral conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) diminishes estrogen ability to reduce stroke damage in the rodent stroke model. To test the hypothesis, we fed ovariectomized rats CEE or MPA, or a combination of CEE and MPA (CEP), before inducing 120 min of reversible focal stroke, using the intraluminal filament model. After 22 h reperfusion, the brains were harvested and infarction volumes were quantified. Treatment with CEE alone or with CEP reduced cortical infarction volume. However, CEP failed to provide ischemic protection in subcortical regions. It was concluded that CEE alone, or with CEP, is neuroprotective in the cortex, but interactive effects between the hormones may counteract CEE beneficial effects in subcortical brain regions.
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Szezepaniak, Angelika Kedzierska. "Mergers and Acquisitions in CEE Countries." Review of Business and Legal Sciences, no. 14 (July 19, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26537/rebules.v0i14.918.
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The world market economy is currently characterized by the tendency to globalization, which means that companies have to cooperate and tighten their relations. Companies working on the local market do not have many possibilities for development, so mergers and acquisitions (M&A also called consolidations or takeovers) can be a chance for them to cooperate with companies from all over the world. Consolidations (M&A) concern the aspect of management, corporate finance and corporate strategy dealing with buying, selling and merging of different companies. The main goal of mergers and acquisitions is usually an improvement of company performance and shareholder value over a long period of time. Mergers and acquisitions are similar corporate actions - they combine two previously separate companies into a single legal entity. In some cases, terming the combination a "merger" rather than an acquisition is done purely for political or marketing reasons. In a merger of two corporations, the shareholders usually have their shares in the old company exchanged for an equal number of shares in the merged entity.
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Roudgarmi, Pezhman. "Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA), A Review." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 20, no. 02 (June 2018): 1850008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333218500084.
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Most development activities have individually minor impact, but collectively over time their impact on the environment is more substantial. The available environmental circumstances in different locations show the important position of cumulative effects (CEs) in environmental studies. Many sources notified the complexity of cumulative effects assessment (CEA) in practice and identification of CEs in assessments. Maybe it is because the essence of impact assessments have to focus on future consequences, and this situation is complex substantive. Also, a lack of knowledge with respect to how to include CEs and lack of clear regulations concerning how this should be done are the most complex criteria of CEA which have been mentioned by CEA practitioners. Most guides and regulations are considered in the performance of CEA during environmental impact assessment (EIA) of projects. Also, there is an important consideration regarding performance of CEA in strategic environmental assessments (SEAs) process, and some reasons present it. In the section of methods and tools used for CEA, risk assessment approaches and modeling are the most used innovative methodologies for the improvement of CEA in recent times. Generally, improvement in performance and knowledge of CEA is noticeable in recent years.
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Barbisan, Benedetta. "The Otherness in Comparative Constitutional Law." European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 4, no. 2 (May 23, 2017): 140–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134514-00402002.
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Comparative Constitutional Law (ccl) has known a renaissance in the last decades. Nonetheless, it is still haunted by the apprehension of amounting to an abundant collection of valuable materials illustrating constitutional enterprises without an established and uncontroversial methodology. Should political science come to rescue the legal doctrine when it cannot grasp the variables influencing constitutional dynamics? What intellectual understanding should ccl serve? Does ccl shift from the treatment of specific topics to general themes? In my experience, both methodologies and main stream interests in ccl are critically tested in an English as a Medium of Instruction (emi)-teaching environment: that is the reason why emi-taught ccl courses may turn into useful opportunities to scrutinize the canon we have been developing. In this Article, I will try to offer a few examples of how the emi-teaching of ccl may contribute to identify a methodological guidance and a latitude of investigation.
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Shouse, Geoffrey, Sylvia O. Dulan, Jamie Wagner, Michelle Mott, Alex Ly, Donna Ujiiye, Mary C. Clark, et al. "Real World Evaluation of Deviation Outcomes in an Immune Effector Cell Quality Program." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-143412.
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Introduction City of Hope (COH) was one of the first institutions to be granted Immune Effector Cell (IEC) Therapy accreditation by the Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy, which supports our mission to provide safe, high quality patient care through expanded standardization. As part of the accreditation requirements, COH expanded established processes developed to monitor standard of care (SOC) deviations for the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Program to our IEC Clinical Program. As part of process improvement, we monitored our IEC Quality program to determine if there were any outcome changes as a result of deviations. Therefore, we performed a retrospective analysis of electronically submitted SOC deviations for patients treated with commercially available chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell products (tisagenlecleucel or axicabtagene ciloleucel [Axi-cel]) between December 2017- March 2020 at COH. Methods During the reporting timeframe, 122 patients were planned to be treated with an IEC product. We retrieved 28 requests for SOC deviations from our electronic database for 24 of 122 patients. We analyzed for volume, trends and patient outcomes of submitted deviation requests, including trends in type of deviation, transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), length of inpatient hospital stay and safety outcomes at 30 days post infusion. Patients who did not receive their SOC product for any reason during the reporting timeframe, or were lost to follow-up were excluded from the outcomes analysis. Results Sixteen of 24 patients were planned to be treated with SOC Axi-cel and 8 of 24 patients were planned to be treated with tisagenlecleucel; only 19 of 24 patients (10 women and 9 men) underwent infusion with their respective SOC product, 15 with Axi-cel and 4 with tisagenlecleucel. Five of 24 patients, including 1 Axi-cel and 4 tisagenlecleucel patients were excluded due to change in medical condition or infusion after the reporting timeframe. We identified elevated creatinine levels as the most common reason for SOC deviation requests for patients to be treated with tisagenlecleucel (4 of 8 patients), while deviations relating to rest days between lymphodepletion and CAR T cell infusion were the most common submitted deviations for patients planned to be treated with Axi-cel (9 of 16 patients). We also descriptively compared patients who required SOC deviations to a cohort of patients (n=98) who did not require deviations and were treated with either axicabtagene ciloleucel (n=86) or tisagenlecleucel (n=12) during the same timeframe. Eight of 98 (8%) of patients who did not have requests for SOC deviation were transferred to the ICU compared to 4 of 19 (21%) patients who required SOC deviations. Seventeen of 19 and 94 of 98 patients were discharged. The median length of inpatient hospital stay post infusion for SOC deviations cohorts who were discharged was 16 days (11-40) and 15 days (8-100) for non-SOC deviations patients. When we descriptively compared survival outcomes at 30 days post infusion, we found that all (4 of 4) patients who required SOC deviations and received tisagenlecleucel survived compared to 11 of 12 patients without SOC deviations. For patients who received Axi-cel, 14 of 15 patients with SOC deviations survived at day 30 post infusion compared to 85 of 86 patients without SOC deviations. The response to treatment and toxicities will be reported at the meeting. Conclusion These data suggest that careful selection of patients who may benefit from SOC deviations and still receive their infusion may not negatively affect survival outcomes at 30 days. The SOC deviation review process offers physicians a forum to evaluate non-SOC eligible cases and advise on SOC policy changes. While preliminary, our quality review identifies a role for comprehensive analysis of all IEC SOC deviations as part of standard practice, especially as the field of cellular immunotherapy expands to include more SOC cellular products. Overall, further monitoring of SOC deviations in real world patient populations treated with commercially available IEC products will allow us to continue to support patient safety, assess patient care management practices, expand patient access, meet accreditation standards and monitor SOC practice changes while advancing the field of cellular immunotherapy. Disclosures Shouse: Kite Pharma: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Mott:Janssen/Johnson & Johnson: Consultancy; Juno/BMS: Consultancy. Budde:Gilead Sciences: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Mustang Therapeutics: Research Funding; Kite, a Gilead Company: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; Amgen: Research Funding.
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Shah, Sweni, Ramachandran Meenakshisundaram, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, and Ponniah Thirumalaikolundusubramanian. "COVID-19 in children: reasons for uneventful clinical course." Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 63, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00801.
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Dancourt, Oscar. "Inflation Targeting in Peru: The Reasons for the Success." Comparative Economic Studies 57, no. 3 (March 26, 2015): 511–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ces.2015.5.
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TORRICE, MICHAEL. "A NEW REASON TO CONTROL EMISSIONS." Chemical & Engineering News 88, no. 20 (May 17, 2010): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v088n020.p028.
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Li, Jinkai, Jingjing Ma, and Wei Wei. "Analysis and Evaluation of the Regional Characteristics of Carbon Emission Efficiency for China." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 3138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083138.
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To promote economic and social development with reduced carbon dioxide emissions, the key lies in determining how to improve carbon emission efficiency (CEE). We first measured the CEE of each province by using the input-oriented three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and DEA-Malmquist model for the panel data of 30 provinces in China during 2000–2017. Then we explored the CEE differences and characteristics of different regions obtained by using hierarchical clustering of each province’s CEE. Finally, based on the regression model, we conducted an empirical analysis of the impact of each factor of total factor productivity (TFP) on CEE. The main findings of this research are as follows: (1) The industrial structure, energy structure, government regulation, technological innovation, and openness had a significant impact on CEE; (2) The variation trends of CEE and TFP in the eight regions we studied were convergent, while the variations of CEE among regions were diverse and all distributed stably in different ranges; (3) The eight regions’ efficiency basically showed a downward trend of eastern, central and western China; (4) Technological regression was the main reason for the decline in TFP. Technological progress and technological efficiency can contribute to an improvement in CEE. Based on the findings above, we provide decision-making references for comprehensively improving the efficiency of various regions and accelerating China’s energy conservation, emissions reduction, and coordinated development.
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Yatsuzuka, Shinya, Mitsuru Okuno, Toshio Nakamura, Katsuhiko Kimura, Yohei Setoma, Tsuyoshi Miyamoto, Kyu Han Kim, et al. "14C Wiggle-Matching of the B-Tm Tephra, Baitoushan Volcano, China/North Korea." Radiocarbon 52, no. 3 (2010): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200046038.
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We performed accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating and wiggle-matching of 2 wood samples from charred trunks of trees (samples A and B) collected from an ignimbrite deposit on the northeastern slope of the Baitoushan Volcano on the border of China and North Korea. The obtained calendar years for the eruption are cal AD 945–960 for sample A and cal AD 859–884 and cal AD 935–963 for sample B in the 2-σ range. These results are unable to determine the precise eruption age. The reason for the difference in reported ages may be due to volcanic gas emission prior to the huge eruption.
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Krüger, Peter. "Film stills from N: The Madness of Reason." Callaloo 38, no. 5 (2015): 1047–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2015.0150.
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Liao, Guo Jin, Hong Luo, Shao Feng Yan, and Ming Chen. "The Blue Luminescence of CeCl3 Doped Aluminum Oxide Thin Film." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.456.
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Aluminum oxide film doped with Ce3+ has been deposited by the medium frequency reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The photoluminescence emission from these films show peaks at range of 374-405 nm. The relative intensity of these peaks is strongly dependent on the amount of Ce incorporated in the films. The presence of Ce3+ as well as the stoichiometry of these films has been determined by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscope (EDS) measurements. It is proposed that the light emission observed generated by luminescent center associated with cerium chloride molecular rather than to atomic cerium impurities. The reason for a dominance of the lower energy transition as the amount of Ce3+ in the oxide films is increased is that the energy difference of 4f1and 5d1 decreases, with the increase of the Ce3+ concentration. These luminescent films are potentially good candidates for photonics applications.
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KOPONEN, VERA. "BINARY PRIMITIVE HOMOGENEOUS SIMPLE STRUCTURES." Journal of Symbolic Logic 82, no. 1 (March 2017): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2016.51.
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AbstractSuppose that ${\cal M}$ is countable, binary, primitive, homogeneous, and simple. We prove that the SU-rank of the complete theory of ${\cal M}$ is 1 and hence 1-based. It follows that ${\cal M}$ is a random structure. The conclusion that ${\cal M}$ is a random structure does not hold if the binarity condition is removed, as witnessed by the generic tetrahedron-free 3-hypergraph. However, to show that the generic tetrahedron-free 3-hypergraph is 1-based requires some work (it is known that it has the other properties) since this notion is defined in terms of imaginary elements. This is partly why we also characterize equivalence relations which are definable without parameters in the context of ω-categorical structures with degenerate algebraic closure. Another reason is that such characterizations may be useful in future research about simple (nonbinary) homogeneous structures.
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He, Dayi, and Ximing Deng. "Price Competition and Product Differentiation Based on the Subjective and Social Effect of Consumers’ Environmental Awareness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030716.
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Consumer environmental awareness (CEA) can affect green consumption decisions in different and confusing ways. In order to explain the reasons for these divergences, this study divides CEA into two main components: the subjective effect and the social effect. Then, we integrate the two effects into the classic Hotelling model to study the influence of CEA’s subjective effect and social effect on price competition and product differentiation strategy. It was found that the subjective and social effects of CEA have opposite impacts on price competition and product differentiation strategies. The subjective effect of CEA increases the price and profit level of enterprises, and enlarges the difference in the environmental friendliness of products. Meanwhile, the social effect of CEA reduces the enterprises’ price and profit level, and narrows the difference in the environmental quality of products. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary for producers of green products to distinguish between these two effects. Numerical examples are provided to verify our findings. Finally, some possible suggestions regarding the competition of green products are put forward which take into consideration the subjective and social effects of CEA. The main contribution of this paper is to theoretically explain the opposite effects of the two different components of CEA on environmentally friendly product pricing and differentiation strategy; this presents a possible explanation as to why the behavior regarding CEA differs, and provides theoretical support for enterprises to price and differentiate green products.
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Song, Bing, Sangheon Yi, Wook-Hyun Nahm, Jin-Young Lee, Limi Mao, Longbin Sha, Zhongyong Yang, and Jinpeng Zhang. "Pollen record of early- to mid-Holocene vegetation and climate dynamics on the eastern coast of the Yellow Sea, South Korea." Holocene 28, no. 6 (January 22, 2018): 1011–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683617752856.
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To understand the early- to mid-Holocene vegetation and climate dynamics on the eastern coast of the Yellow Sea, we obtained a sedimentary core with high-resolution accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) carbon 14 (14C) data from the Gunsan coast in South Korea. The palynological analysis demonstrated that the riverine wetland meadow from 12.1 to 9.8 cal. kyr BP changed to temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in 9.8–2.8 cal. kyr BP. In addition, the cold climate from 12.1 to 9.8 cal. kyr BP became warmer from 8.5 to 7.3 cal. kyr BP. This was followed by another relatively cold period from 7.3 to 2.8 cal. kyr BP. The temperature change was mainly in response to solar factors. However, there are two relatively humid periods from 12.1 to 9.8 and 8.5 to 7.3 cal. kyr BP, which arose for different reasons. The earlier humid period resulted from strong westerlies and a rapidly rising sea level. The later humid period was produced mainly by the strong East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and may also be linked to La Niña–like activity. The cold ‘Younger Dryas’ event from 12.0 to 11.4 cal. kyr BP recorded in this study may have been produced by a North Atlantic meltwater pulse. This would have reduced temperatures that were already low because of weak insolation, and the strong winter monsoons would have increased the precipitation.
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Perkins, Paula, Aisling Cearley, Angela Kirk, Erin Mullane, Mazyar Shadman, and David G. Maloney. "Assessing readmission after axicabtagene ciloleucel immunotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 3024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.3024.
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3024 Background: Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is an FDA approved CD19 targeted CAR-T for patients (pts) with diffuse-large-B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after 2 lines of treatment. Pts are monitored inpatient for minimum 7 days after CAR-T infusion but remain at risk of complications after discharge that can lead to readmission. We report our institutional experience on the rate and etiology of readmissions after initial discharge. Methods: In this retrospective study, readmission was defined as an inpatient stay greater than 48 hours while under the auspice of the Immunotherapy service. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity (NT) were graded based on the Lee and CTC v.4 criteria, respectively. Logistic regression models were used to study the association between clinical factors and readmission. Results: 44 pts received axi-cel. Median age was 62 (25-79). 33 pts (75%) had primary refractory disease and 14 (30%) had prior transplant. Pts had median 3 lines (2 -9) of treatment before axi-cel. Median time from most recent treatment to leukapheresis was 10 weeks (0.5-109). 22 pts (48%) received bridging therapy between leukapheresis and lymphodepletion (LD). Median duration of initial planned admission was 7.5 days (6-16). Incidence of CRS was 88% (all grades) and 12% (grade 3/4). Median time to start of CRS was 3 days (0-13). Incidence of NT was 61% (all grades) and 16% (grade 3/4) and median time to NT was 6 days (3-14). 6 pts (14%) were readmitted after initial hospitalization (1 had 2 readmissions). Median day of readmission was 13 (9-25). Median duration of subsequent hospitalization was 5 days (2-31). Reasons for readmission were: infection (2), CRS (2), GI bleed (1), progressive disease (PD) (1) and NT (1). 4 of 6 pts had no CRS or NT before readmission. 2 of the 4 were readmitted on days 9 and 13 for NT. The other 2 pts were readmitted for infection and GI bleed. 1 pt had grade 2 CRS and grade 2 NT during first admission and was readmitted on day 25 for PD. Last pt had grade 2 CRS and grade 3 NT during first admission with discharge day 13, readmission day 14 through day 17 with recurrent NT and second readmission day 30 for infection. 3 of 6 pts had ICU admissions during second admissions. There was no association between pre- and post- CAR-T variables and risk of readmission in multivariable models. Conclusions: Readmissions after discharge from initial planned hospitalization for axi-cel are not uncommon. This data supports our current policy of close monitoring until at least a month after CAR-T therapy and supports the requirement of a full-time caregiver until discharge from the Immunotherapy service.
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Guo, Menghuan, Zhiyuan Liu, Jing Si, Jinhua Zhang, Jin Zhao, Zhong Guo, Yi Xie, Hong Zhang, and Lu Gan. "Cediranib Induces Apoptosis, G1 Phase Cell Cycle Arrest, and Autophagy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell A549 In Vitro." BioMed Research International 2021 (March 29, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5582648.
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Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Late diagnosis, chemoresistance, and metastasis are the main reasons for the high mortality rate of lung cancer. Therefore, the development of other treatments is urgent. Cediranib (CED), a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) kinase inhibitor, shows promising antitumour activities in various cancers including lung cancer. Here, we explored the effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of CED on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 cells in vitro. Our results show that CED could inhibit A549 cell proliferation and cloning formation. Meanwhile, G1 phase cell cycle arrest was also found, as featured by the increased proportion of G1 phase cells as well as the reduction of G1 phase relative proteins CDK4/cyclin D1 and CDK2/cyclin E. Moreover, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was elevated significantly in CED-treated groups compared with the controls. Furthermore, the expression of p-Akt, p-P38, p-Erk1/2, and p-mTOR proteins was decreased obviously in the treatment groups. These results suggest that CED could induce apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest in A549 cells. Meanwhile, CED may induce autophagy through MAPK/Erk1/2 and Akt/mTOR signal pathway in A549 cells.
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Allik, Mirjam, Denise Brown, Courtney Taylor Browne Lūka, Cecilia Macintyre, Alastair H. Leyland, and Marion Henderson. "Cohort profile: The ‘Children’s Health in Care in Scotland’ (CHiCS) study—a longitudinal dataset to compare health outcomes for care experienced children and general population children." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e054664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054664.
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PurposeThe Children’s Health in Care in Scotland Cohorts were set up to provide first population-wide evidence on the health outcomes of care experienced children (CEC) compared with children in the general population (CGP). To date, there are no data on how objective health outcomes, mortality and pregnancies for CEC are different from CGP in Scotland.ParticipantsThe CEC cohort includes school-aged children who were on the 2009/2010 Scottish Government’s Children Looked After Statistics (CLAS) return and on the 2009 Pupil Census (PC). The children in the general population cohort includes those who were on the 2009 PC and not on any of the CLAS returns between 1 April 2007 and 31 July 2016.Findings to dateData on a variety of health outcomes, including mortality, prescriptions, hospitalisations, pregnancies, and Accident & Emergency attendances, were obtained for the period 1 August 2009 to 31 July 2016 for both cohorts. Data on socioeconomic status (SES) for both cohorts were available from the Birth Registrations and a small area deprivation measure was available from the PC. CEC have, on average, lower SES at birth and live in areas of higher deprivation compared with CGP. A higher proportion of CEC have recorded events across all health data sets, and they experienced higher average rates of mortality, prescriptions and hospitalisations during the study period. The reasons for contacting health services vary between cohorts.Future plansAge-standardised rates for the two cohorts by sex and area deprivation will be calculated to provide evidence on population-wide prevalence of main causes of death, reasons for hospitalisation and types of prescription. Event history analysis will be used on matched cohorts to investigate the impact of placement histories and socioeconomic factors on health.
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Purwanto, Nofita Setiorini Futri, Masni Masni, and M. Nadjib Bustan. "The Effect of Socioeconomy on Chronic Energy Deficiency among Pregnant Women in the Sudiang Raya Health Center, 2019." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, T2 (September 15, 2020): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5204.
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BACKGROUND: Chronic energy deficiency (CED) is a condition of malnutrition of pregnant women which have an advanced impact in the form of health problems and complications in the mother and baby. For this reason, it is necessary to work toward prevention by knowing the socioeconomic influence on CED.
AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of socioeconomics on the incidence of CED in pregnant women.
METHODS: This research is observational analytic with case–control research design. A sample of 99 pregnant women was taken from the working area of the Sudiang Raya Health Center. This sample consisted of 33 case groups of mothers with CED and 66 control groups of pregnant women who did not suffer from CED who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Data were analyzed using analysis Chi-square and multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS: The results showed that maternal occupation (p = 0.018; odds ratio [OR] = 6.091; confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.367–27.133) was significant for CED, whereas that education (p = 0.213; OR = 0.593; CI 95% 0.260–1.351) and income (p = 0.576; OR = 0.733; 95% CI 0.247–2.179) are not significant to CED. Based on multivariate analysis we found that the most influential factor was occupation (adjusted OR = 11.734, CI 95% 1.253–109.91).
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that work affects the CED in pregnant women, while maternal education and income have no effect on CED in pregnant women. Occupation is the most influential factor on the CED, women who do not work have a risk of 11.734 times experiencing CED compared to women who work.
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Lakshminarayanan, Sambhavi, and Savita Hanspal. "Cupcakes by Lizbeth: flash in the baking pan or here to stay." CASE Journal 10, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-02-2014-0016.
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Synopsis Cupcakes by Lizbeth (CBL) was a “gourmet” cupcake‐focussed retail store chain founded by a married couple. Eight years after opening, CBL used the relatively uncommon process of a “reverse merger” to become publicly traded. At that time, it had seemed as if CBL was on track to be the largest among cupcake focused businesses. However, financial setbacks as reported by the company and change in top management gave reason for pause and closer examination. Did the CBL business model have staying power or did there need to be a serious reconsideration of the company's strategic choices? Research methodology This case was prepared from secondary sources. Relevant courses and levels This case is appropriate for courses in strategy and management at the undergraduate level. Theoretical basis Competitive positioning, competitor analysis, operations strategy, SWOT analysis, planning business strategy, business expansion (franchising vs company owned).
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Wonnacott, D., C. Poonai, B. Wright, S. Ali, C. Bhat, S. Todorovich, A. Mishra, et al. "LO056: Perceptions and provision of analgesia for acutely painful conditions in children: a multi-centre prospective survey of caregivers." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S49—S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.93.
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Introduction: The suboptimal management of children’s pain in the emergency department (ED) is well described. Although surveys of physicians show improvements in providing analgesia, institutional audits suggest otherwise. One reason may be patient refusal. Our objectives were to determine the proportion of caregivers that offered analgesia prior to arrival to the ED, accept analgesia in the ED, and identify reasons for withholding analgesia. Our results will inform knowledge translation initiatives to improve analgesic provision to children. Methods: A novel survey was designed to test the hypothesis that a large proportion of caregivers withhold and refuse analgesia. Over a 16-week period across two Canadian paediatric EDs, we surveyed caregivers of children aged 4-17 years with an acutely painful condition (headache, otalgia, sore throat, abdominal pain, or musculoskeletal injury). The primary outcome was the proportion of caregivers who offered analgesia up to 24 hours prior to ED arrival and accepted analgesia in the ED. Results: The response rate was 568/707 (80.3%). The majority of caregivers were female (426/568, 75%), aged 36 years or older (434/568, 76.4%), and had a post-secondary education (448/561, 79.9%). Their children included 320 males and 248 females with a mean age of 10.6 years. Most (514/564, 91.1%) reported being “able to tell when their child was in pain”. On average, children rated their maximal pain at 7.4/10. A total of 382/561 (68.1%) caregivers did not offer any form of analgesia prior to arrival. Common reasons included lack of time (124/561, 22.1%), fear of masking signs and symptoms (74/561, 13.2%) or the seriousness of their child’s condition (72/561, 12.8%), and lack of analgesia at home (71/561, 12.7%). Analgesia was offered to 328/560 (58.6%) children in the ED and 283/328 (72.6%) caregivers accepted. The most common reason for not accepting analgesia was child refusal (20/45, 44.4%). Conclusion: Most caregivers do not offer analgesia to their child prior to arriving in the ED despite high levels of pain and an awareness of it. Despite high rates of acceptance of analgesia in the ED, misconceptions are common. Knowledge translation strategies should dispel caregiver misconceptions, and highlight the impact of pain on children and the importance of analgesia at home.
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Zenonos, Georgios, Ning Lin, Albert Kim, Jeong Eun Kim, Lance Governale, and Robert Max Friedlander. "Carotid Endarterectomy With Primary Closure: Analysis of Outcomes and Review of the Literature." Neurosurgery 70, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3182351de0.
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Abstract Background: Despite abundant published support of patch angioplasty during carotid endarterectomy (CEA), primary closure is still widely used. The reasons underlying the persistence of primary closure are not quite evident in the literature. Objective: To present our experience with primary closure in CEA, and provide a rationale for its persistent wide use. Methods: Medical records of all patients undergoing CEA by the senior author (R.F.) were retrospectively reviewed. Follow-up was supplemented with a telephone interview and completion of a structured questionnaire. A review of the current literature was performed. Results: From 1998 to 2010, the senior author performed 111 CEAs. Average cross-clamp time was 33 ± 11 minutes. Postoperative complications included 1 non– ST-elevation myocardial infarction and 2 strokes. No deaths, cranial-nerve deficits, or acute reocclusions were observed. After a mean follow-up of 64.6 months (7170.6 case-months), there were 3 contralateral strokes and 7 deaths. There were no ipsilateral strokes or restenoses >50%. Follow-up medication compliance was 94.6% for anti-platelet agents and 91.9% for statins. The outcomes of the current study were comparable to those of the available trials comparing patch angioplasty with primary closure. A careful evaluation of the literature revealed a number of reasons potentially explaining the persistent use of patch angioplasty. Conclusion: In conjunction with contemporary medical management, primary closure during CEA may yield results comparable or superior to patch angioplasty. Advantages of primary closure include shorter cross-clamp times and elimination of graft-specific complications.
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Peck, Jamie. "Austere reason, and the eschatology of neoliberalism’s End Times." Comparative European Politics 11, no. 6 (September 9, 2013): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/cep.2013.22.
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Baroudi, Djamila, and Safia Nait-Bahloul. "Observer Patterns for Timed Properties." International Journal of Software Innovation 9, no. 2 (April 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2021040101.
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Dwyer et al. proposed qualitative specification patterns that enable the practitioners of model checking tools to write formal specifications mainly used for automatic model checking. Although this involves formalisms that are not always easy to handle by engineers, to facilitate the integration of formal methods based on these definition patterns in the industrial field, several formal techniques and languages have been proposed. This paper studies a domain specific language named CDL which help non-experts writing formal specifications effortlessly. In CDL, a property is transformed into an observer automaton to perform a reachability analysis. The existing CDL patterns allow non-experts to reason about occurrence and order of events, but not enough about their timing. Furthermore, the semantics of patterns and transformations are not ideally formalized and are still complex. This work serves to extend the existing CDL system by patterns related to time. The contribution is illustrated in an industrial embedded system.
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Shuman, Bryan, Jennifer Bravo, Jonathan Kaye, Jason A. Lynch, Paige Newby, and Thompson Webb. "Late Quaternary Water-Level Variations and Vegetation History at Crooked Pond, Southeastern Massachusetts." Quaternary Research 56, no. 3 (November 2001): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2273.
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AbstractSediment cores collected along a transect in Crooked Pond, southeastern Massachusetts, provide evidence of water-level changes between 15,000 cal yr B.P. and present. The extent of fine-grained, detrital, organic accumulation in the basin, inferred from sediment and pollen stratigraphies, varied over time and indicates low water levels between 11,200 and 8000 cal yr B.P. and from ca. 5300 to 3200 cal yr B.P. This history is consistent with the paleohydrology records from nearby Makepeace Cedar Swamp and other sites from New England and eastern Canada and with temporal patterns of regional changes in effective soil moisture inferred from pollen data. The similarities among these records indicate that (1) regional conditions were drier than today when white pine (Pinus strobus) grew abundantly in southern New England (11,200 to 9500 cal yr B.P.); (2) higher moisture levels existed between 8000 and 5500 cal yr B.P., possibly caused by increased meridonal circulation as the influence of the Laurentide ice sheet waned; and (3) drier conditions possibly contributed to the regional decline in hemlock (Tsuga) abundances at 5300 cal yr B.P. Although sea-level rise may have been an influence, moist climatic conditions during the late Holocene were the primary reason for a dramatic rise in water-table elevations.
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Csaki, Csaba, and Attila Jambor. "Convergence or divergence – Transition in agriculture of Central and Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States revisited." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 4 (April 24, 2019): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/195/2018-agricecon.
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The agriculture of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries as well as of the Soviet Union was an often studied area in the 1970´s and 1980´s among agricultural economists. After the system collapse, the transition of the agricultural sectors of these regions has gained importance. However, around the millennium, this topic was less studied. This paper aims at analysing the agricultural performance of CEE and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries between 1997 and 2016 and identifying whether the system change and transition have brought changes and convergence in agricultural productivity to EU-15 levels. In doing so, the paper uses convergence theory and associated methods (Kernel density and Markov transition probability) to underpin its arguments. Results suggest that CEE and CIS countries have experienced a limited convergence to Western-European standards. However, there still exists a significant performance gap between the two regions with CEE countries standing closer to EU-15 averages. Reasons behind diverging performances are numerous as discussed at the end of the paper.
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Frisby, K., L. Meyer, J. Lee, M. Mathiason, and L. Dietrich. "Evaluation of quality indicators (QIs) for colorectal cancer care in a community setting." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 6585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.6585.
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6585 Background: We compared two existing sets of QIs for colorectal cancer care to evaluate our performance as compared to published data. We also explored reasons for non-adherence to these QIs to determine how we could increase our compliance. Methods: Chart review of all patients who were newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer at our institution in 2004 and 2005 for compliance with QIs for colorectal cancer care as presented by National Initiative for Cancer Care Quality (NICCQ) and Moffitt Network Initiative on Practice Quality (MNIPQ). When 85% compliance was not observed, charts were reviewed as to why care differed from QI. Results: Adherence rate was less than 85% in 5 of 25 NICCQ colon cancer measures and patients overall received 83% of recommended care. Reasons for <85% adherence on NICCQ were most often due to patient decision (patient decision after informed discussion, refusal of treatment, patient initiated delay) or co-morbidity (poor wound healing, infection, medical co-morbidity). In one item regarding counseling of family members about colorectal screening we were truly noncompliant without documentation of reason. Review of MNIPQ items observed less than 85% adherence rate in 2 of 9. Reason for non-adherence in MNIPQ review was due most often to co- morbidity, and true noncompliance (no reason documented for lack of pretreatment CEA). Conclusions: Our adherence rates for NICCQ and MNIPQ measures compare favorably with published values. Lower compliance rates on NICCQ and MNIPQ measures were most often due to patient choice or co-morbidities. In setting benchmarks for these individual QIs it should be noted that for some indicators (such as those regarding adjuvant therapy) higher percent adherence does not always reflect better care. Higher compliance may actually mean that thoughtful consideration of patient co-morbidity and complications, or including patients in decision making is not occurring or that the population being served is younger or has fewer co-morbidities. Other indicators such as those regarding staging documentation, documentation of chemotherapy, and patient education factors the higher the compliance the better. We conclude that some sampling of reason for non- adherence is necessary when assessing quality of care. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Drogus, Carol Ann. "No Land of Milk and Honey: Women CEB Activists in Posttransition Brazil." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 41, no. 4 (1999): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166190.
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Brazil’s comunidades eclesiais de base (CEBs) forged a generation of women leaders from poor communities who helped rebuild civil society and spurred the democratic transition. Fifteen years later, the CEBs and their women leaders have largely disappeared from politics. This study examines the reasons for their eclipse and the chances for their reemergence. New alliances with other Catholic progressives, Pentecostals, and feminist groups may enable these women to resume their activist role and may again help revitalize Brazilian civil society.
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Krebs, L., R. Chetram, S. W. Kirkland, T. Nikel, B. Voaklander, A. Davidson, B. Holroyd, et al. "LO091: Non-urgent presentations to the emergency department: patients’ reasons for presentation." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.128.
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Introduction: Some low acuity Emergency Department (ED) presentations are considered non-urgent or convenience visits and potentially avoidable with improved access to primary care. This study explored self-reported reasons why non-urgent patients presented to the ED. Methods: Patients, 17 years and older, were randomly selected from electronic registration records at three urban EDs in Edmonton, Alberta (AB), Canada during weekdays (0700 to 1900). A 47-item questionnaire was completed by each consenting patient, which included items on whether the patient believed the ED was their best care option and the rationale supporting their response. A thematic content analysis was performed on the responses, using previous experience and review of the literature to identify themes. Results: Of the 2144 eligible patients, 1408 (65.7%) questionnaires were returned, and 1402 (65.4%) were analyzed. For patients who felt the ED was their best option (n = 1234, 89.3%), rationales included: safety concerns (n = 309), effectiveness of ED care (n = 284), patient-centeredness of ED (n = 277), and access to health care professionals in the ED (n = 204). For patients who felt the ED was not their best care option (n = 148, 10.7%), rationales included a perception that: access to health professionals outside the ED was preferable (n = 39), patient-centeredness (particularly timeliness) was lacking in the ED (n = 26), and their health concern was not important enough to require ED care (n = 18). Conclusion: Even during times when alternative care options are available, the majority of non-urgent patients perceived the ED to be the most appropriate location for care. These results highlight that simple triage scores do not accurately reflect the appropriateness of care and that understanding the diverse and multi-faceted reasons for ED presentation are necessary to implement strategies to support non-urgent, low acuity care needs.