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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cell compartment

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cell compartment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cell compartment"

1

Vance, J. E., D. Pan, D. E. Vance, and R. B. Campenot. "Biosynthesis of membrane lipids in rat axons." Journal of Cell Biology 115, no. 4 (November 15, 1991): 1061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.115.4.1061.

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Compartmented cultures of sympathetic neurons from newborn rats were employed to test the hypothesis that the lipids required for maintenance and growth of axonal membranes must be synthesized in the cell body and transported to the axons. In compartmented cultures the distal axons grow into a compartment separate from that containing the cell bodies and proximal axons, in an environment free from other contaminating cells such as glial cells and fibroblasts. There is virtually no bulk flow of culture medium or small molecules between the cell body and axonal compartments. When [methyl-3H]choline was added to the cell body-containing compartment the biosynthesis of [3H]-labeled phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin occurred in that compartment, with a gradual transfer of lipids (less than 5% after 16 h) into the axonal compartment. Surprisingly, addition of [methyl-3H]choline to the compartment containing only the distal axons resulted in the rapid incorporation of label into phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in that compartment. Little retrograde transport of labeled phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin (less than 15%) into the cell body compartment occurred. Moreover, there was minimal transport of the aqueous precursors of these phospholipids (e.g., choline, phosphocholine and CDP-choline) between cell compartments. Similarly, when [3H]ethanolamine was used as a phospholipid precursor, the biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine occurred in the pure axons, and approximately 10% of the phosphatidylethanolamine was converted into phosphatidylcholine. Experiments with [35S]methionine demonstrated that proteins were made in the cell bodies, but not in the axons. We conclude that axons of rat sympathetic neurons have the capacity to synthesize membrane phospholipids. Thus, a significant fraction of the phospholipids supplied to the membrane during axonal growth may be synthesized locally within the growing axon.

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Kodym, Reinhard. "A Mathematical Model, Describing the Kinetic Behaviour of the Thrombopoietic System in Mice and Rats." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 22, no. 4 (July 1994): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299402200407.

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A mathematical model of thrombopoiesis in small rodents, principally rats, is presented. It is a compartmental model, consisting of seven compartments, which contain the following cell populations: early megakaryocyte progenitor cells, late megakaryocyte progenitor cells, megakaryocytes of ploidy classes 8N, 16N, 32N and 64N, and platelets. Signals for feedback regulation are derived from the platelet compartment and from all megakaryocyte compartments. The main characteristic of the model is its ability to simulate megakaryocyte ploidy and volume distribution. Platelet number and the ploidy distribution of megakaryocytes after acute and chronic disturbances in the platelet compartment were simulated and were found to approximate experimental data published in the literature. The kinetic parameters for the progenitor cell compartment, which were derived from published in vitro data, were sufficient to stimulate the platelet number after administration of hydroxyurea and 5-fluorouracil. The proposed model is capable of reproducing the reactions of the system to several experimental disturbances in the thromobopoietic lineage, but the action of agents such as radiation, which cause damage to the stem cells or to other lineages, cannot be simulated.

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Afonso, Anne Marie Roque, Jiaji Jiang, François Penin, Claire Tareau, Didier Samuel, Marie-Anne Petit, Henri Bismuth, Elisabeth Dussaix, and Cyrille Féray. "Nonrandom Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Quasispecies in Plasma and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Subsets." Journal of Virology 73, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 9213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.11.9213-9221.1999.

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ABSTRACT The existence of an extrahepatic reservoir of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is suggested by differences in quasispecies composition between the liver, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and serum. We studied HCV RNA compartmentalization in the plasma of nine patients, in CD19+, CD8+, and CD4+ positively selected cells, and also in the negatively selected cell fraction (NF). HCV RNA was detected in all plasma samples, in seven of nine CD19+, three of eight CD8+, and one of nine CD4+ cell samples, and in seven of eight NF cells. Cloning and sequencing of HVR1 in two patients showed a sequence grouping: quasispecies from a given compartment (all studied compartments for one patient and CD8+ and NF for the other) were statistically more genetically like each other than like quasispecies from any other compartment. The characteristics of amino acid and nucleotide substitutions suggested the same structural constraints on HVR1, even in very divergent strains from the cellular compartments, and homogeneous selection pressure on the different compartments. These findings demonstrate the compartmental distribution of HCV quasispecies within peripheral blood cell subsets and have important implications for the study of extrahepatic HCV replication and interaction with the immune system.

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Bassler, Kevin, Jonas Schulte-Schrepping, Stefanie Warnat-Herresthal, Anna C. Aschenbrenner, and Joachim L. Schultze. "The Myeloid Cell Compartment—Cell by Cell." Annual Review of Immunology 37, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041728.

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Myeloid cells are a major cellular compartment of the immune system comprising monocytes, dendritic cells, tissue macrophages, and granulocytes. Models of cellular ontogeny, activation, differentiation, and tissue-specific functions of myeloid cells have been revisited during the last years with surprising results; for example, most tissue macrophages are yolk sac derived, monocytes and macrophages follow a multidimensional model of activation, and tissue signals have a significant impact on the functionality of all these cells. While these exciting results have brought these cells back to center stage, their enormous plasticity and heterogeneity, during both homeostasis and disease, are far from understood. At the same time, the ongoing revolution in single-cell genomics, with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) leading the way, promises to change this. Prevailing models of hematopoiesis with distinct intermediates are challenged by scRNA-seq data suggesting more continuous developmental trajectories in the myeloid cell compartment. Cell subset structures previously defined by protein marker expression need to be revised based on unbiased analyses of scRNA-seq data. Particularly in inflammatory conditions, myeloid cells exhibit substantially vaster heterogeneity than previously anticipated, and work performed within large international projects, such as the Human Cell Atlas, has already revealed novel tissue macrophage subsets. Based on these exciting developments, we propose the next steps to a full understanding of the myeloid cell compartment in health and diseases.

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Inadome, Hironori, Yoichi Noda, Hiroyuki Adachi, and Koji Yoda. "Immunoisolaton of the Yeast Golgi Subcompartments and Characterization of a Novel Membrane Protein, Svp26, Discovered in the Sed5-Containing Compartments." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 17 (September 1, 2005): 7696–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.17.7696-7710.2005.

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ABSTRACT The Golgi apparatus consists of a set of vesicular compartments which are distinguished by their marker proteins. These compartments are physically separated in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell. To characterize them extensively, we immunoisolated vesicles carrying either of the SNAREs Sed5 or Tlg2, the markers of the early and late Golgi compartments, respectively, and analyzed the membrane proteins. The composition of proteins was mostly consistent with the position of each compartment in the traffic. We found six uncharacterized but evolutionarily conserved proteins and named them Svp26 (Sed5 compartment vesicle protein of 26 kDa), Tvp38, Tvp23, Tvp18, Tvp15 (Tlg2 compartment vesicle proteins of 38, 23, 18, and 15 kDa), and Gvp36 (Golgi vesicle protein of 36 kDa). The localization of Svp26 in the early Golgi compartment was confirmed by microscopic and biochemical means. Immunoprecipitation indicated that Svp26 binds to itself and a Golgi mannosyltransferase, Ktr3. In the absence of Svp26, a considerable portion of Ktr3 was mislocalized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Our data suggest that Svp26 has a novel role in retention of a subset of membrane proteins in the early Golgi compartments.

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Mastroberti, Alexandra A., and Jorge Ernesto de Araujo Mariath. "Compartmented cells in the mesophyll of Araucaria angustifolia (Araucariaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 3 (2003): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00045.

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The compartmented cells of the immature and mature leaves of young and adult plants of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. are characterised by the presence of pectinous partitions in the cell lumen, forming a system of compartments. The function of these cells is possibly related to water storage and translocation. The morphology of compartmented cells differs from that of immature and mature leaves: at the time of maturity the compartment system or secretion is more defined. These cells undergo the programmed cell death (PCD) process, because they are enucleated in adult plants. The compartmented cells' cytology and pectic composition are similar to the mucilage cells of Lauraceae and Cactaceae.

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Kalaidzidis, Inna, Marta Miaczynska, Marta Brewińska-Olchowik, Anna Hupalowska, Charles Ferguson, Robert G. Parton, Yannis Kalaidzidis, and Marino Zerial. "APPL endosomes are not obligatory endocytic intermediates but act as stable cargo-sorting compartments." Journal of Cell Biology 211, no. 1 (October 12, 2015): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201311117.

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Endocytosis allows cargo to enter a series of specialized endosomal compartments, beginning with early endosomes harboring Rab5 and its effector EEA1. There are, however, additional structures labeled by the Rab5 effector APPL1 whose role in endocytic transport remains unclear. It has been proposed that APPL1 vesicles are transport intermediates that convert into EEA1 endosomes. Here, we tested this model by analyzing the ultrastructural morphology, kinetics of cargo transport, and stability of the APPL1 compartment over time. We found that APPL1 resides on a tubulo-vesicular compartment that is capable of sorting cargo for recycling or degradation and that displays long lifetimes, all features typical of early endosomes. Fitting mathematical models to experimental data rules out maturation of APPL1 vesicles into EEA1 endosomes as a primary mechanism for cargo transport. Our data suggest instead that APPL1 endosomes represent a distinct population of Rab5-positive sorting endosomes, thus providing important insights into the compartmental organization of the early endocytic pathway.

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de Celis, J. F., and M. Ruiz-Gomez. "groucho and hedgehog regulate engrailed expression in the anterior compartment of the Drosophila wing." Development 121, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 3467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.10.3467.

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Drosophila imaginal discs are divided into units called compartments. Cells belonging to the same compartment are related by lineage and express a characteristic set of ‘selector genes’. The borders between compartments act as organizing centres that influence cell growth within compartments. Thus, in the cells immediately anterior to the anterior-posterior compartment boundary the presence of the hedgehog product causes expression of decapentaplegic, which, in turn, influences the growth and patterning of the wing disc. The normal growth of the disc requires that posterior-specific genes, such as hedgehog and engrailed are not expressed in cells of the anterior compartment. Here we show that hedgehog can activate engrailed in the anterior compartment and that both hedgehog and engrailed are specifically repressed in anterior cells by the activity of the neurogenic gene groucho. In groucho mutant discs, hedgehog and engrailed are expressed at the dorsoventral boundary of the anterior compartment, leading to the ectopic activation of decapentaplegic and patched and to a localised increase in cell growth associated with pattern duplications. The presence of engrailed in the anterior compartment causes the transformation of anterior into posterior structures.

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Saraste, Jaakko, and Bruno Goud. "Functional Symmetry of Endomembranes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 18, no. 4 (April 2007): 1430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-10-0933.

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In higher eukaryotic cells pleiomorphic compartments composed of vacuoles, tubules and vesicles move from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane to the cell center, operating in early biosynthetic trafficking and endocytosis, respectively. Besides transporting cargo to the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, a major task of these compartments is to promote extensive membrane recycling. The endocytic membrane system is traditionally divided into early (sorting) endosomes, late endosomes and the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC). Recent studies on the intermediate compartment (IC) between the ER and the Golgi apparatus suggest that it also consists of peripheral (“early”) and centralized (“late”) structures, as well as a third component, designated here as the biosynthetic recycling compartment (BRC). We propose that the ERC and the BRC exist as long-lived “mirror compartments” at the cell center that also share the ability to expand and become mobilized during cell activation. These considerations emphasize the functional symmetry of endomembrane compartments, which provides a basis for the membrane rearrangements taking place during cell division, polarization, and differentiation.

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Provance, D. W., A. McDowall, M. Marko, and K. Luby-Phelps. "Cytoarchitecture of size-excluding compartments in living cells." Journal of Cell Science 106, no. 2 (October 1, 1993): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.106.2.565.

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By fluorescence ratio imaging of large and small inert tracer particles in living cells, we have previously shown that particles 24 nm in radius are excluded from otherwise uncharacterized compartments in the distal and perinuclear cytoplasm (Luby-Phelps, K. and Taylor, D.L., 1988. Cell Motil. Cytoskel. 10, 28–37). In this study we examined the cytoarchitecture of these compartments. Whole-mount TEM showed that distal size-excluding compartments were devoid of membrane-bounded organelles and were filled with a dense cytomatrix consisting of numerous, long bundles of thin filaments interconnected by a more random meshwork of short thin filaments. The mean diameter of void spaces in the cytomatrix of distal excluding compartments was 31 nm, compared to 53 nm in adjacent non-excluding domains. The height of the distal excluding compartments was generally < or = 50% of the height in the adjacent non-excluding compartment. An electron-dense structure having the same projected outline as the perinuclear size-excluding compartment was visible by whole-mount TEM, but the cells were too thick and osmiophilic in this region to resolve any detail. Immunofluorescence localization of cytoskeletal proteins in distal excluding compartments indicated the presence of filament bundles containing F-actin nonmuscle filamin (ABP280) and alpha-actinin. F-actin and ABP280, but not alpha-actinin, were found also in between these filament bundles. Microtubules and vimentin generally were rare or absent from distal excluding domains. Staining of living cells with DMB-ceramide revealed that the perinuclear size-excluding compartment consisted of a compact, juxtanuclear domain coinciding with the trans-Golgi, surrounded by a more diffuse domain coinciding with a perinuclear concentration of endoplasmic reticulum. Intense immunofluorescence staining for vimentin was also observed in the perinuclear size-excluding compartment. We propose that the most likely mechanism for exclusion from distal compartments is molecular sieving by a meshwork of actin filament bundles interconnected by an F-actin/ABP280 gel network, while exclusion from the perinuclear compartment may be due to close apposition of cisternae in the trans-Golgi and a network or basket of vimentin filaments in the centrosomal region of the cell.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cell compartment"

1

Fallen, Paul Raymond. "Reconstitution of the T-cell compartment post-allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268750.

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Alderson, Kory L. "Deleterious changes to the T cell compartment following immunotherapy." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3355571.

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Tshering, Sherpa Rinzhin. "Sensory Primary Cilium is a Distinct Signaling Compartment." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/pharmaceutical_sciences_dissertations/1.

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The primary cilium is a solitary cellular organelle that protrudes from the apical cell membrane. Findings on cilia-dependent mechanosenstation have shown that the primary cilium acts as a transducer of fluid-shear stress into intracellular signaling. Over recent years, studies in primary cilia have intensified after determining a causal relationship between dysfunctional primary cilia and cystic diseases. Along with its mechanosensory function, the primary cilium houses a variety of receptors, ion channels and transporter proteins. Studies in cilia biology have shown that primary cilia are coordinators of signaling pathways such as Hedgehog (Hh), Wnt, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) pathways during development and tissue homeostasis. The primary cilium has been established as a mechano, chemo- and osmosensing unit that transmits extracellular cues to the cell, which supports the importance of the primary cilium. As an important organelle involved in sensory functions and signal transductions, we encompass methodology for measuring cilia signaling along with a study of pH sensing function and cAMP signaling dynamics in the cilium. Defects in the structure of cilia or protein complexes located in the primary cilia cause a variety of diseases. With increasing the knowledge of ciliary biology, we can strategize approaches to repair defective cilia. Here we try to contribute to understanding the complex dynamic pathways of the cilia and point to potential pathways in regulating ciliary structure and function.

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Buffa, Laura. "Cell Biology of the ICA69 protein family in Neurosecretory cells." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1174057636463-96361.

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In type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disease, autoantibodies are preferentially directed against proteins associated with Golgi and post-Golgi secretory vesicles, including insulin secretory granules and synaptic-like microvesicles. Thus, the study of beta-cell autoantigens with yet unknown function may provide novel insight into the secretory machinery of beta-cells and led to the discovery of novel pathways. Islet cell autoantigen of 69 kDa (ICA69) is a T1D autoantigen. It is a cytosolic protein of still unknown function. An impairment in neurotransmitter release upon mutation of its homologue in C. elegans suggests, however, an involvement of ICA69 in neurosecretion. Interestingly, ICA69 contains a BAR domain, present in several proteins involved in intracellular transport. The BAR domain functions as a dimerization motif, provides a general binding interface for different types of GTPases, and is a membrane binding/bending module. Its presence in ICA69 is a further hint supporting the putative involvement of ICA69 in intracellular membrane trafficking. The first part of this thesis was concerned with the characterization of ICA69, and the elucidation of its role in membrane traffic in pancreatic beta-cells. ICA69 was shown to be enriched in the perinuclear region, where also markers of the Golgi region are found. ICA69 was shown to interact with several membrane lipids, preferentially with PI(4)P, enriched on the Golgi complex. During the course of this thesis a combination of biochemical and imaging techniques were applied to investigate the interaction between ICA69 and Rab2, a small GTPase associated with the intermediate compartment and involved in the trafficking between the ER and the Golgi complex. ICA69 was shown to co-immunoprecipitate with Rab2 from INS-1 cells extracts. GST-pull down assays demonstrated that this interaction is GTP-dependent. Furthermore, confocal microscopy indicated that ICA69 and Rab2 extensively colocalize in particulate structures throughout the cytoplasm. Immunocytochemistry and subcellular fractionation experiments suggested that Rab2 recruits ICA69 to membranes. Functional studies indicated that ICA69 over-expression in INS-1 cells has effects that resemble, and in some cases amplify those observed upon Rab2 over-expression. Specifically, it impairs the trafficking between ER and Golgi, measured through the appearance and the conversion of the pro-form of ICA512 in the mature form of the protein. Moreover, it correlates with a redistribution of the beta-COP subunit of the coatomer, participating in the early secretory pathway, between membrane-bound compartments and the cytosol and it reduces stimulated insulin secretion. The data reported in this thesis conclusively point to ICA69 as a novel Rab2 effector, and may therefore contribute to the elucidation the yet poorly understood mechanism of action of Rab2 in the secretory pathway. The second part of the thesis was devoted to the study of an ICA69 paralogue gene, called ICA69-RP. Similarly to ICA69, ICA69-RP mRNA was shown to be primarily present in tissues such as brain and pancreatic islets, showing the expression pattern of a gene preferentially expressed in neuroendocrine cells. Unlike ICA69, however, and similar to other genes associated with the secretory machinery of beta-cells, ICA69-RP appeared to be glucose regulated, as shown by a 1.55 fold increase in mRNA levels upon stimulation of the cells with 25 mM glucose for two hours.Glucose stimulation of beta-cells prompts the activation of post-transcripional mechanisms which quickly up-regulate the expression of secretory granule genes and consequently renew granule stores. The increased expression of ICA69-RP upon glucose stimulation of cells may be part of this process. Unfortunately, all attempts to elucidate the intracellular localization of endogenous ICA69-RP failed, and it was not possible to obtain significant insights about its localization by over-expressing a fusion protein between ICA69-RP and GFP. Unlike other paralogues containing the BAR domain, such as amphiphysin 1 and 2 or Rvs167p and Rvs161p, ICA69 and ICA69-RP were shown not to form heterodimers. Furthermore, ICA69-RP did not show any interaction with Rab2 or Rab1, involved in the anterograde transport between ER and Golgi. Thus, its physiological role remains to be investigated.

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Dujardin, Hélène. "Ontogeny and homeostasis of the peripheral regulatory CD4T cell compartment." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066109.

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Onions, Louise. "Immunological monitoring of the B-cell compartment in renal transplant recipients." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8969.

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B cells contribute to chronic allograft deterioration, negatively impacting graft survival, and curtailing the lifespan of a resource already in short supply. Given this, identifying alloreactive B cells could generate an important target in the battle against rejection. This study described an IgG-detecting ELISPOT used to determine if the risk of developing antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) could be predicted pretransplantation by in vitro analysis of allospecific B cells. This method failed to discriminate accurately B-cell responses to donor antigen. An alternative approach used was to detect peripheral HLA-specific B cells. Circulating HLA–A*0201 and – DQB1*0301 B cells were identified at higher frequency in sensitised patients, and this correlated with the level of serum alloantibody. Expression of HLA-DQB1*0301 B cells were at a higher frequency than HLA-A*0201 B cells in those with serum de novo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA). Next, levels of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) were investigated. Excess BAFF has been related to rejection and the development of DSA. Here elevated serum BAFF, low BAFF-receptor and DSA were all associated with deteriorating graft function. In addition intrarenal CD19+ cells, BAFF and BAFFreceptor identified with acute AMR. In contrast to a pathogenic role of B cells, a small population may be protective. The presence of regulatory B cells, defined by IL-10 production were higher in those with stable graft function, and identified with naïve B cells rather than memory B cells when compared to those with deteriorating grafts. The CD19+CD24highCD38high subset was also elevated in stable patients, and the ability to supress T-cell activation and secretion of the Th1 cell pro-inflammatory cytokine, IFN-γ was altered as a function of allograft stability. These data demonstrated characteristics within the B-cell compartment associated with stable graft function. The ability to monitor these cells may have clinical implications for predicating the risk of rejection, to dictate immunosuppressive therapy and promote allograft survival.

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Carr, Jonathon M. "Heterogeneity within the stem cell compartment : impact on fate determination of human pluripotent stem cells." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20386/.

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Tetley, Robert John. "Linking actomyosin patterning with cell behaviours at compartment boundaries in Drosophila embryos." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708429.

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Deng, Yuping. "Studies of intraorganelle dynamics : the lysosome, the pre-lysosomal compartment, and the golgi apparatus /." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134815/.

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Young, Madeleine. "The effects of aberrant Wnt signalling on the murine intestinal stem cell compartment." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/53683/.

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Colorectal cancer is the 2nd most common cause of death by cancer in the UK, but it is treatable if diagnosed early. In order to increase the likelihood of early diagnosis, more must be understood about the early stages of colorectal tumourigenesis. It is known that intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are the cells of origin of colorectal tumourigenesis, and that an expansion of undifferentiated cell types, akin to ISCs, is one of the earliest events in mouse models of tumourigenesis. This indicates the importance of the relationship between the ISC compartment and tumourigenesis. In order to understand how changes in the ISC compartment may be contributing to tumourigenesis, the ability to accurately quantify this compartment is essential. Currently, analysis of the ISC compartment relies on the analysis of gene expression levels of ISC markers. However, there is a great deal of controversy surrounding the majority of these markers and there is no evidence that alterations in expression levels of these markers results in a functional change in the ISC compartment. Here I present a novel method for assessing the ISC compartment based on a functional capacity of ISCs; the ability to form intestinal organoids in culture. This new method uses organoid formation efficiency as a readout of changes in the ISC compartment, and can be used in conjunction with traditional methods of ISC marker expression to understand the relationship between expression of ISC markers and ISC functionality. I have used this method to further analyse the intestinal phenotype of a range of mouse models of colorectal cancer based on gene deletion of Apc, Cited1, Apc2, Pten and Pml. These experiments have shown that organoid formation efficiency can be a useful method for assessing the ISC compartment, although changes within this compartment may not be accurately predictive of tumourigenesis.

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Books on the topic "Cell compartment"

1

Bradshaw, Ralph A. Regulation of organelle and cell compartment signaling. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2011.

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The Minimal Cell The Biophysics Of Cell Compartment And The Origin Of Cell Functionality. Springer, 2010.

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Fernando, Vidal-Vanaclocha, ed. Functional heterogeneity of liver tissue: From cell lineage diversity to sublobular compartment-specific pathogenesis. Austin: Landes, 1997.

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Fernando, Vidal-Vanaclocha, ed. Functional heterogeneity of liver tissue: From cell lineage diversity to sublobular compartment-specific pathogenesis. New York: Springer, 1997.

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(Editor), Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha, ed. Functional Heterogeneity of Liver Tissue: From Cell Lineage Diversity to Sublobular Compartment-Specific Pathogenesis (Medical Intelligence Unit). Landes Bioscience, 1996.

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Cassiman, David. The Neural/Neuroendocrine Compartment of the Liver: Differentiation Potential of the Hepatic Stellate Cell (Acta Biomedica Lovaniensia, 248). Leuven Univ Pr, 2001.

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Doucet, Alain, and Gilles Crambert. Potassium homeostasis. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0023.

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The equilibrium between the concentration of K+ in the extracellular space (low) and the intracellular compartment (high) is crucial for maintaining the electrical properties of excitable and non-excitable cells, because it determines the membrane resting potential. The high intracellular concentration of K+ (120–140 mmol/L) also contributes to the intracellular osmolarity, a determinant of cell volume. It is therefore crucial to finely tune both extracellular and intracellular K+ concentrations. There is a coordinated regulation between processes/mechanisms that store/release K+ from internal stores (internal balance) and those that retain/excrete K+ (external balance).

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(Editor), David G. Robinson, and John C. Rogers (Editor), eds. Vacuolar Compartments (Annual Plant Reviews, Vol 5). Blackwell, 2000.

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Compartments in Algal Cells and Their Interaction. Springer, 2011.

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Houillier, Pascal. Magnesium homeostasis. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0027.

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Magnesium is critically important in the process of energy release. Although most magnesium is stored outside the extracellular fluid compartment, the regulated concentration appears in blood. Urinary magnesium excretion can decrease rapidly to low values when magnesium entry rate into the extracellular fluid volume is low, which has several important implications: cell and bone magnesium do not play a major role in the defence of blood magnesium concentration; while a major role is played by the kidney and especially the renal tubule, which adapts to match the urinary magnesium excretion and net entry of magnesium into extracellular fluid. In the kidney, magnesium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TALH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). Magnesium absorption is mainly paracellular in the proximal tubule and TALH, whereas it is transcellular in the DCT. The hormone(s) regulating renal magnesium transport and blood magnesium concentration are not fully understood. Renal tubular magnesium transport is altered by a number of hormones, mainly in the TALH and DCT. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, arginine vasopressin, ß-adrenergic agonists, and epidermal growth factor, all increase renal tubular magnesium reabsorption; in contrast, prostaglandin E2 decreases magnesium reabsorption. Non-hormonal factors also influence magnesium reabsorption: it is decreased by high blood concentrations of calcium and magnesium, probably via the action of divalent cations on the calcium-sensing receptor; metabolic acidosis decreases, and metabolic alkalosis increases, renal magnesium reabsorption.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cell compartment"

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Arai, Fumio, and Toshio Suda. "Endothelial and Hematopoietic Cells in the Intraembryonic Compartment." In Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development, 92–107. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33535-3_8.

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Kucharska-Mazur, Jolanta, and Jerzy Samochowiec. "Stem Cell Compartment in Acute Psychotic Syndromes." In Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 137–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1001-4_8.

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Geuze, Hans J., Alan I. Schwartz, Jan W. Slot, Ger J. Strous, and Jos E. Zijderhand-Bleekemolen. "Sorting in the Prelysosomal Compartment (CURL)." In New Insights into Cell and Membrane Transport Processes, 361–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5062-0_19.

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Yoffey, J. M. "Stem Cell Role of the Lymphocyte - Transitional Cell (LT) Compartment." In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 5–45. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470719961.ch2.

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Clegg, J. S., and M. B. Barrios. "The “Cytosol”: A Neglected and Poorly Understood Compartment of Eukaryotic Cells." In Cell Function and Disease, 159–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0813-3_14.

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Schmidt, Walter. "Development of the Amniotic Fluid Compartment in Humans." In Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology, 4–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77300-6_4.

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Wright, E. G., and I. B. Pragnell. "The Stem Cell Compartment: Assays and Negative Regulators." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 137–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76912-2_11.

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Schmidt, Walter. "Limitation of the Amniotic Fluid Compartment at Full Term." In Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology, 11–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77300-6_6.

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Gardiol, Alejandra, Claudia Racca, and Antoine Triller. "RNA Transport and Local Protein Synthesis in the Dendritic Compartment." In Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, 105–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40025-7_7.

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Mastro, Andrea M., and David J. Hurley. "Diffusion of a Small Molecule in the Aqueous Compartment of Mammalian Cells." In The Organization of Cell Metabolism, 57–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5311-9_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cell compartment"

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Crnkovic, S., L. M. Marsh, F. Valzano, M. C. Basil, M. Morley, K. Jandl, H. Olschewski, E. E. Morrisey, and G. Kwapiszewska. "Single Cell Transcriptomics Unveils Smooth Muscle Cell Heterogeneity in Pulmonary Artery Compartment." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a2108.

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Diao, Zhaolei, Hui Lv, Xianwen Fang, Zhixiang Yin, and Qiang Zhang. "Precise linearization optimal control of cell three-compartment transition model." In 2017 4th International Conference on Systems and Informatics (ICSAI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsai.2017.8248357.

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Nakayama, Hidenari, Hiroshi Kimura, Masaki Nishikawa, Kikuo Komori, Teruo Fujii, and Yasuyuki Sakai. "Development of a disposable multi-compartment micro-cell culture device." In 2007 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2007.4420890.

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Massarotti, N., F. Arpino, A. Carotenuto, and P. Nithiarasu. "A Numerical Model for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95816.

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Abstract:

Fuel cells have been very much studied in the last few years as promising future energy conversion systems. In fact, these systems have a number of advantages with respect to more traditional energy conversion systems, such as, for instance, higher potential efficiency, flexibility for distributed generation, and reduced emissions. Accurate and physically representative numerical models are essential for the future development of energy conversion systems based on fuel cell technology. In the present paper, a general and detailed numerical model is proposed, in which all the quantities of interest are calculated locally, on the basis of general governing equations for the phenomena involved. The model proposed in this work is based on the solution of the appropriate set of partial differential equations that describe the phenomena that occur in the different parts of the fuel cell: 1) anodic compartment, which includes fuel channel, electrode and catalyst layer; 2) electrolyte; and 3) cathode compartment. To solve the momentum, energy and species conservation equations in the anodic and cathodic compartments, a finite element procedure is employed, based on the Characteristic Based Split (CBS) algorithm. The CBS, thanks to its generality and modularity, is able to successfully predict fuel cell performances. The results obtained from the simulations show a good agreement with other data available in the literature.

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Sakai, Yasuyuki, Hidenari Nakayama, Hiroshi Kimura, Kikuo Komori, and Teruo Fujii. "Towards the development of a multi-compartment micro-cell culture device." In 2006 IEEE International Symposium on MicroNanoMechanical and Human Science. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2006.320290.

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Fu, Nai Yang, Anne Rios, Bhupinder Pal, Charity Law, Paul Jamieson, Francois Vaillant, Gordon K. Smyth, Matthew E. Ritchie, Geoffrey J. Lindeman, and Jane E. Visvader. "Abstract 5024: Unmasking heterogeneity within the adult mammary stem cell compartment." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5024.

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Lee, Jong Kwang, Byung Suk Park, Seung-Nam Yu, Kiho Kim, Jonghui Han, and Il-Je Cho. "Remote Handling Crane System for Use in Small Argon Compartment Hot-cell." In 11th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005047303900395.

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Kanagasabapathi, T. T., Ke Wang, M. Mellace, G. J. A. Ramakers, and M. M. J. Decre. "Dual compartment neurofluidic system for electrophysiological measurements in physically isolated neuronal cell cultures." In 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2009.5333892.

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Giessler, Klara M., Kortine Kleinheinz, Gnana Prakash Balasubramanian, Daniel Hübschmann, Taronish D. Dubash Rai, Sebastian D. Dieter, Christine Siegl, et al. "Abstract 910: Genetic subclone heterogeneity of the human colon cancer initiating cell compartment." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-910.

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Ershova, A. N., and N. V. Vinokurova. "ROLE OF VACUOLAR COMPARTMENT IN PLANT AMINOACIDS METABOLIZATION UNDER AERATION, HYPOXIA AND СО2-MEDIA." In The Second All-Russian Scientific Conference with international participation "Regulation Mechanisms of Eukariotic Cell Organelle Functions". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-318-1-38-40.

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Reports on the topic "Cell compartment"

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Karagiannis, Chrissa, and David Deamer. Cell Compartment Stabilization in the Prebiotic Environment. Journal of Young Investigators, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.35.1.29-37.

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Durham, J. S. Alpha contamination levels in SMF south cell and compartments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/353315.

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Banks, H. T., W. C. Thompson, Cristina Peligero, Sandra Giest, Jordi Argilaguet, and Andreas Meyerhans. A Division-Dependent Compartmental Model for Computing Cell Numbers in CFSE-based Lymphocyte Proliferation Assays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada556964.

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