Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cell-mediated drug delivery

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Cell-mediated drug delivery'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 22 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cell-mediated drug delivery"

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Batrakova, Elena V., Howard E. Gendelman, and Alexander V. Kabanov. "Cell-mediated drug delivery." Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 8, no. 4 (February 24, 2011): 415–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2011.559457.

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Zhou, Jiehua, and John J. Rossi. "Cell-Specific Aptamer-Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery." Oligonucleotides 21, no. 1 (February 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/oli.2010.0264.

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Batrakova, E. V., and A. V. Kabanov. "Cell-mediated drug delivery to the brain." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 23, no. 5 (2013): 419–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50061-x.

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Jiang, Jizong. "Cell-penetrating Peptide-mediated Nanovaccine Delivery." Current Drug Targets 22, no. 8 (June 1, 2021): 896–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450122666210203193225.

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Vaccination with small antigens, such as proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids, is used to activate the immune system and trigger the protective immune responses against a pathogen. Currently, nanovaccines are undergoing development instead of conventional vaccines. The size of nanovaccines is in the range of 10-500 nm, which enables them to be readily taken up by cells and exhibit improved safety profiles. However, low-level immune responses, as the removal of redundant pathogens, trigger counter-effective activation of the immune system invalidly and present a challenging obstacle to antigen recognition and its uptake via antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In addition, toxicity can be substantial. To overcome these problems, a variety of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-mediated vaccine delivery systems based on nanotechnology have been proposed, most of which are designed to improve the stability of antigens in vivo and their delivery into immune cells. CPPs are particularly attractive components of antigen delivery. Thus, the unique translocation property of CPPs ensures that they remain an attractive carrier with the capacity to deliver cargo in an efficient manner for the application of drugs, gene transfer, protein, and DNA/RNA vaccination delivery. CPP-mediated nanovaccines can enhance antigen uptake, processing, and presentation by APCs, which are the fundamental steps in initiating an immune response. This review describes the different types of CPP-based nanovaccines delivery strategies.
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QIANG, Lei, Guorui LI, Chunai GONG, Zongguang TAI, and Shen GAO. "Research advances in cell-mediated drug delivery system." Pharmaceutical Care and Research 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5428/pcar20190201.

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Zhou, Qiu-Lan, Zhi-Yi Chen, Yi-Xiang Wang, Feng Yang, Yan Lin, and Yang-Ying Liao. "Ultrasound-Mediated Local Drug and Gene Delivery Using Nanocarriers." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/963891.

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With the development of nanotechnology, nanocarriers have been increasingly used for curative drug/gene delivery. Various nanocarriers are being introduced and assessed, such as polymer nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles. As a novel theranostic system, nanocarriers hold great promise for ultrasound molecular imaging, targeted drug/gene delivery, and therapy. Nanocarriers, with the properties of smaller particle size, and long circulation time, would be advantageous in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Nanocarriers can pass through blood capillary walls and cell membrane walls to deliver drugs. The mechanisms of interaction between ultrasound and nanocarriers are not clearly understood, which may be related to cavitation, mechanical effects, thermal effects, and so forth. These effects may induce transient membrane permeabilization (sonoporation) on a single cell level, cell death, and disruption of tissue structure, ensuring noninvasive, targeted, and efficient drug/gene delivery and therapy. The system has been used in various tissues and organs (in vitro or in vivo), including tumor tissues, kidney, cardiac, skeletal muscle, and vascular smooth muscle. In this review, we explore the research progress and application of ultrasound-mediated local drug/gene delivery with nanocarriers.
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Xia, Junfei, Ang-Chen Tsai, Wenhao Cheng, Xuegang Yuan, Teng Ma, and Jingjiao Guan. "Development of a microdevice-based human mesenchymal stem cell-mediated drug delivery system." Biomaterials Science 7, no. 6 (2019): 2348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8bm01634h.

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Kumar, A., N. El-Badri, R. F. Lockey, S. Mohapatra, and D. F. Cameron. "Sertoli Cell Mediated-Targeted Drug Delivery To The Lungs." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 125, no. 2 (February 2010): AB6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.056.

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Allavena, Paola, Alessandro Palmioli, Roberta Avigni, Marina Sironi, Barbara La Ferla, and Akihiro Maeda. "PLGA Based Nanoparticles for the Monocyte-Mediated Anti-Tumor Drug Delivery System." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2020.2881.

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Together with the development of new therapeutic agents, innovation in the delivery system of anti-tumor drugs is required to increase tumor-specificity and avoid unexpected toxicity. To achieve higher efficiency, we combined a live cell-mediated drug delivery system with nanotechnology, with the aim to prove that blood monocytes can be a cargo to deliver antitumor drugs encapsulated in Polymeric poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) acid based nanoparticles (PLGA NPs). In this study, we have characterized how isolated purified monocytes efficiently internalize PLGA-NPs and have imaged in vivo their trafficking upon intravenous injection in tumor-bearing mice. Monocytes carrying PLGA-Cy7 NPs were able to reach the tumor site, with superior efficiency than free PLGA-Cy7 NPs, and the bio-distribution analysis confirmed that tumors were the most reached among peripheral tissues. We further demonstrate that monocytes carrying Doxorubicin encapsulated PLGA NPs (PLGA-Doxo) induced strong killing of co-cultured tumor cells. Our studies provide proof-of-concept evidence that monocytes can be exploited in approaches of live cell-mediated drug delivery systems for tumor therapy.
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Alhamdi, Jumana, Emily Jacobs, Gloria Gronowicz, Nadia Benkirane-Jessel, Marja Hurley, and Liisa Kuhn. "Cell Type Influences Local Delivery of Biomolecules from a Bioinspired Apatite Drug Delivery System." Materials 11, no. 9 (September 13, 2018): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091703.

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Recently, the benefit of step-wise sequential delivery of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 from a bioinspired apatite drug delivery system on mouse calvarial bone repair was demonstrated. The thicknesses of the nanostructured poly-l-Lysine/poly-l-Glutamic acid polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) and the bone-like apatite barrier layer that make up the delivery system, were varied. The effects of the structural variations of the coating on the kinetics of cell access to a cytotoxic factor delivered by the layered structure were evaluated. FGF-2 was adsorbed into the outer PEM, and cytotoxic antimycin-A (AntiA) was adsorbed to the substrate below the barrier layer to detect the timing of the cell access. While MC3T3-E1 osteoprogenitor cells accessed AntiA after three days, the RAW 264.7 macrophage access occurred within 4 h, unless the PEM layer was removed, in which case the results were reversed. Pits were created in the coating by the RAW 264.7 macrophages and initiated delivery, while the osteoprogenitor cell access to drugs occurred through a solution-mediated coating dissolution, at junctions between the islands of crystals. Macrophage-mediated degradation is therefore a mechanism that controls drug release from coatings containing bioinspired apatite.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cell-mediated drug delivery"

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Hutcheson, Joshua Daniel. "Quantification and control of ultrasound-mediated cell death modes." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29768.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Prausnitz, Mark; Committee Member: Bommarius, Andreas; Committee Member: Jones, Christopher; Committee Member: Sambanis, Athanassios. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Chung, Meng-Jhe, and 鍾孟哲. "Development of Anti-EGFR scFv-mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Targeted Therapy of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49298504982533227644.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
口腔生物科學研究所
104
Epidermal growth factor receptor, a member of the ErbB family, has been reported to involve in pathogenesis and progression in a plethora of cancer types. Genetic aberration of EGFR such as activating mutation and amplification are implicated in about 30% of all epithelial cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Therefore, it is rational and promising to develop a targeted regimen toward this receptor. Previous work of our laboratory acquired two novel scFvs that could specifically bind to EGFR extracellular domains (EGFR-Ex) through phage display technique. Conjugation of these two scFvs to liposome enhanced binding and internalization ability compared to non-targeting counterpart in cell lines of liver, lung and head and neck cancer cells. Furthermore, EGFR scFv-conjugated liposomal doxorubicin or vinorelbine could augment their cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. The specificity and binding ability of EGFR scFv were also verified through in vivo homing assay. In the FaDu-derived subcutaneous xenograft model, EGFR scFv-conjugated liposomal drugs reduced the tumor burden more efficiently and increased the survival rates than non-targeting liposomal drugs. Taken together, these results reveal the potential benefit of EGFR-specific scFv in respect of therapeutic enhancement of targeted drug delivery in the treatment of head and neck cancer.
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BERARDI, GINEVRA. "Multitasking Fe3O4@Cu@Au and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for biomedical applications." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1215256.

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Tra i nanomateriali utili in ambito biomedico, le nanoparticelle di magnetite offrono grandi vantaggi sia in campo diagnostico che terapeutico, permettendo di combinare le loro peculiari proprietà magnetiche con le note proprietà chimico fisiche che caratterizzano le nanoparticelle. Realizzando una struttura core-shell e funzionalizzando la superficie della nanoparticella con sostanze biologicamente o farmacologicamente attive, è possibile, da un lato, conservare le proprietà superparamagnetiche del nucleo e, dall'altro, ottenere nanosistemi multifunzionali più selettivi e/o efficaci nei confronti dei target biologici prescelti. Lo scopo di questa tesi ha riguardato, quindi, la progettazione e la realizzazione di nanosistemi basati su nanoparticelle core-shell costituite da Fe3O4@Cu@Au o Fe3O4@SiO2 utilizzabili per diverse applicazioni biomediche. La sintesi delle nanoparticelle è stata effettuata utilizzando reagenti biocompatibili mentre una approfondita caratterizzazione chimico-fisica dei nanosistemi è stata ottenuta tramite l'analisi con differenti tecniche microscopiche e spettroscopiche. Attraverso esperimenti biologici in vitro, è stata valutata l' efficacia terapeutica e/o l' internalizzazione in cellule immunitarie di nanosistemi opportunamente funzionalizzati con farmaci chemioterapici, macromolecole biologiche o metaboliti secondari con attivià antibiotica. Infine, nanoparticelle funzionalizzate con specifici anticorpi sono state utilizzate per lo sviluppo di strumenti diagnostici per la rivelazione di neurotrasmettitori in vitro.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cell-mediated drug delivery"

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Woodahl, Erica L., and Rodney J. Y. Ho. "Augmentation of Cell-Mediated Immunity to Virus." In Cellular Drug Delivery, 45–65. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-745-1_4.

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Hu, Quanyin, and Zhen Gu. "Cell Membrane-Mediated Anticancer Drug Delivery." In ACS Symposium Series, 197–211. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2016-1224.ch010.

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Wang, Yang, and Qin He. "Preparation of Cell Penetrating Peptides-Mediated Targeting Drug Liposomes." In Liposome-Based Drug Delivery Systems, 1–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49231-4_13-1.

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Nakano, Kaku, Jun-ichiro Koga, and Kensuke Egashira. "Nanoparticle-Mediated Endothelial Cell-Selective Drug Delivery System." In Therapeutic Angiogenesis, 247–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2744-4_16.

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Hashida, Mitsuru, Makiya Nishikawa, and Yoshinobu Takakura. "Receptor-Mediated Cell Specific Delivery of Drugs to the Liver and Kidney." In Advanced Biomaterials in Biomedical Engineering and Drug Delivery Systems, 86–90. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65883-2_17.

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Anderson, James M., W. John Kao, Kristin M. DeFife, Amy K. McNally, and Chris Jenney. "Interleukin-4 Mediated Foreign Body Giant Cell Formation and Cytoskeletal Rearrangement on Poly(etherurethane Urea) In Vivo and In Vitro." In Advanced Biomaterials in Biomedical Engineering and Drug Delivery Systems, 163–67. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65883-2_31.

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Whitford, William G. "Single-Use Systems in Animal Cell-Based Bioproduction." In Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems, 209–28. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118229019.ch11.

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Zamboni, W. "Carrier-mediated and artificial-cell targeted cancer drug delivery." In Artificial Cells, Cell Engineering and Therapy. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439824412.ch21.

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ZAMBONI, WC. "Carrier-mediated and artificial-cell targeted cancer drug delivery." In Artificial Cells, Cell Engineering and Therapy, 469–501. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845693077.4.469.

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Pradeep, Andrew, R. Sethu Nagarajan, and H. Fazil. "Immune-Targeted Nanomedicine." In Handbook of Research on Nano-Strategies for Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance and Cancer, 294–305. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5049-6.ch014.

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Immunotherapy has become a preferable candidate for many diseases in recent days. The infusion or administration of immune complexes or components to elicit the own immune response against a particular disease by attracting the antigen presenting cells against the disease causing organism and eliciting the T-cell mediated killing and further activating cell mediated immunity based on the processed surface antigens underlies the basic concept behind the immunotherapy. Immunotherapy can be applied for all course of diseases even in the treatment of cancer. The limitation in using immunotherapy is that it needs a proper delivery vehicle to reach the diseased spot to shows its pharmacokinetic property. In case of cancer, the immune components administered itself are not able to pertain and penetrate the solid tumor mass. Nanoparticles are small-sized particles which are generally specific in action used in the field of medicine. Nanoparticles aid in targeted drug delivery to the specific spots and immune targeting of nanoparticles is due to its enhanced permeability and retention (EPR).
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Conference papers on the topic "Cell-mediated drug delivery"

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Anastasiadis, Pavlos, Michelle L. Matter, and John S. Allen. "Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery with real-time cell permeability measurements." In ICA 2013 Montreal. ASA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4800380.

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Huang, Bonnie, and Darrell J. Irvine. "Abstract 4432: Cell-mediated chemotherapeutic drug nanoparticle delivery to lymphoma tumors." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-4432.

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Phillips, Linsey C., Alexander L. Klibanov, Brian R. Wamhoff, and John A. Hossack. "Ultrasound-microbubble-mediated drug delivery efficacy and cell viability depend on microbubble radius and ultrasound frequency." In 2010 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2010.5935988.

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Turcanu, Mihnea V., Sandy Cochran, Alexandru C. Moldovan, Stavros Vlatakis, Driton Vllasaliu, Maya Thanou, and Inke Nathke. "An Organoid-derived Cell Layer as an in vitro Model for US-mediated Drug Delivery Studies." In 2020 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ius46767.2020.9251401.

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Sadik, Mohamed M., Jerry Shan, David Shreiber, and Hao Lin. "Extreme Elongation of Vesicles Under DC Electric Fields." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193243.

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Motive . The motivation of the current study is to investigate the response of vesicles to applied electric fields, with potential applications in electroporation-mediated molecular delivery [3]. In this technique, an applied field transiently permeabilizes the cell membrane to gain access to the cytoplasm, and deliver active agents such as genes, RNA, proteins into the cell. Although widely applied in classical and emerging areas such as drug delivery and stem cell research, current electroporation techniques suffer from low efficiency and high cell death [4]. The present work is a step towards understanding the complex fundamental processes involved in electroporation, and possibly improving it via parametric optimization. For this purpose we use vesicular cellular mimics as our model to provide good controllability, and to focus on the dynamics of the lipid membrane. Our preliminary results show extreme elongation of the vesicles under high-strength, short-duration DC pulses. Such deformation may significantly affect electroporation, and hence the efficiency of molecular delivery.
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"PAMAM Dendrimers as anti-HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Treatment." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0176.

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Background: Poly (amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAMs) are widely used in drug delivery systems and gene transfection as drug carriers. They also exert several biological effects like modulating gene expression, particularly EGFR (ErbB1) signaling pathway, which raises the question of whether these polymers can also inhibit the phosphorylation of HER2 (ErbB2) in breast cancer. However, this area hasn’t been investigated before. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of different generations and surface chemistries of PAMAMs on HER2 positive breast cancer cells (SkBr3 and ZR-75 cell lines). Cell viability and morphological changes were evaluated upon treatment with PAMAMs. In addition, their effect on colony formation in soft agar was assessed. Additionally, western blot was performed to understand the underlying mechanisms of action. Results: PAMAMs anticancer effects were found to follow a specific trend, as they were more significant in cationic polymers and in higher generations. Cationic PAMAMs reduced cell viability of HER2 positive breast cancer cells up to 5.1% in SkBr3 and to 28% in ZR75 (p<0.001), in a dose and time-dependent manner. Cationic polymers also resulted in changing the morphology in the examined cell lines, as well as inhibiting colony formation in soft agar compared to controls (p<0.001). The mechanism of action was found to be mediated by inhibiting the phosphorylation of erbB2 and JNK1/2/3. Conclusion: These anticancer effects of PAMAM dendrimers make them promising molecules, which can add benefit to current anti-HER2 treatments and be employed successfully in different biomedical applications.
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Chen, Kok Hao, and Jong Hyun Choi. "Nanoparticle-Aptamer: An Effective Growth Inhibitor for Human Cancer Cells." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11966.

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Semiconductor nanocrystals have unique optical properties due to quantum confinement effects, and a variety of promising approaches have been devised to interface the nanomaterials with biomolecules for bioimaging and therapeutic applications. Such bio-interface can be facilitated via a DNA template for nanoparticles as oligonucleotides can mediate the aqueous-phase nucleation and capping of semiconductor nanocrystals.[1,2] Here, we report a novel scheme of synthesizing fluorescent nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) using DNA aptamers and the use of this biotic/abiotic nanoparticle system for growth inhibition of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells for the first time. Particularly, we used two DNA sequences for this purpose, which have been developed as anti-cancer agents: 5-GGT GGT GGT GGT TGT GGT GGT GGT GG-3 (also called, AGRO) and 5-(GT)15-3.[3–5] This study may ultimately form the basis of unique nanoparticle-based therapeutics with the additional ability to optically report molecular recognition. Figure 1a shows the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of GT- and AGRO-passivated PbS QD that fluoresce in the near IR, centered at approximately 980 nm. A typical synthesis procedure involves rapid addition of sodium sulfide in the mixture solution of DNA and Pb acetate at a molar ratio of 2:4:1. The resulting nanocrystals are washed to remove unreacted DNA and ions by adding mixture solution of NaCl and isopropanol, followed by centrifugation. The precipitated nanocrystals are collected and re-suspended in aqueous solution by mild sonication. Optical absorption measurements reveal that approximately 90 and 77% of GT and AGRO DNA is removed after the washing process. The particle size distribution in Figure 1b suggests that the GT sequence-capped PbS particles are primarily in 3–5 nm diameter range. These nanocrystals can be easily incorporated with mammalian cells and remain highly fluorescent in sub-cellular environments. Figure 1c serially presents an optical image of a MCF-7 cell and a PL image of the AGRO-capped QD incorporated with the cell. Figure 1. (a) Normalized fluorescence spectra of PbS QD synthesized with GT and AGRO sequences, which were previously developed as anti-cancer agents. The DNA-capped QD fluoresce in the near IR centered at ∼980 nm. (b) TEM image of GT-templated nanocrystals ranging 3–5 nm in diameter. (c) Optical image of an MCF-7 human breast cancer cell after a 12-hour exposure to aptamer-capped QD. (d) PL image of AGRO-QD incorporated with the cell, indicating that these nanocrystals remain highly fluorescent in sub-cellular environments. One immediate concern for interfacing inorganic nanocrystals with cells and tissue for labeling or therapeutics is their cytotoxicity. The nanoparticle cytotoxicity is primarily determined by material composition and surface chemistry, and QD are potentially toxic by generating reactive oxygen species or by leaching heavy metal ions when decomposed.[6] We examined the toxicity of aptamer-passivated nanocrystals with NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. The cells were exposed to PbS nanocrystals for 2 days before a standard MTT assay as shown in Figure 2, where there is no apparent cytotoxicity at these doses. In contrast, Pb acetate exerts statistically significant toxicity. This observation suggests a stable surface passivation by the DNA aptamers and the absence of appreciable Pb2+ leaching. Figure 2. Viability of 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells after a 2-day exposure to DNA aptamer-capped nanocrystals. There is no apparent dose-dependent toxicity, whereas a statistically significant reduction in cell viability is observed with Pb ions. Note that Pb acetate at 133 μM is equivalent to the Pb2+ amount that was used for PbS nanocrystal synthesis at maximum concentration. Error bars are standard deviations of independent experiments. *Statistically different from control (p&lt;0.005). Finally, we examined if these cyto-compatible nanoparticle-aptamers remained therapeutically active for cancer cell growth inhibition. The MTT assay results in Figure 3a show significantly decreased growth of breast cancer cells incorporated with AGRO, GT, and the corresponding templated nanocrystals, as anticipated. In contrast, 5-(GC)15-3 and the QDs synthesized with the same sequence, which were used as negative controls along with zero-dose control cells, did not alter cell viability significantly. Here, we define the growth inhibition efficacy as (100 − cell viability) per DNA of a sample, because the DNA concentration is significantly decreased during the particle washing. The nanoparticle-aptamers demonstrate 3–4 times greater therapeutic activities compared to the corresponding aptamer drugs (Figure 3b). We speculate that when a nanoparticle-aptamer is internalized by the cancer cells, it forms an intracellular complex with nucleolin and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) essential modulator, thereby inhibiting NF-κB activation that would cause transcription of proliferation and anti-apoptotic genes.[7] The nanoparticle-aptamers may more effectively block the pathways for creating anti-apoptotic genes or facilitate the cellular delivery of aptamers via nanoparticle uptake. Our additional investigation indicates that the same DNA capping chemistry can be utilized to produce aptamer-mediated Fe3O4 nanocrystals, which may be potentially useful in MRI and therapeutics, considering their magnetic properties and biocompatibility. In summary, the nanoparticle-based therapeutic schemes developed here should be valuable in developing a multifunctional drug delivery and imaging agent for biological systems. Figure 3. Anti-proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with aptamer-passivated nanocrystals. (a) Viability of MCF-7 cells exposed to AGRO and GT sequences, and AGRO-/GT-capped QD for 7 days. The DNA concentration was 10 uM, while the particles were incubated with cells at 75 nM. (b) Growth inhibition efficacy is defined as (100 − cell viability) per DNA to correct the DNA concentration after particle washing.
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Thomas, Antony, Paige Baldwin, and Yaling Liu. "Ultrasound Mediated Enhancement of Nanoparticle Uptake in PC-3 Cancer Cells." In ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2013-93115.

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Ultrasound in the presence of microbubbles brings in transient increase in cell membrane permeability, which allows the entry of foreign molecules into cells. This platform has been applied in in vitro and in vivo gene delivery studies in recent years[1–2]. The frequently used microbubbles are air or inert gas encapsulated in a protein, lipid or polymer which is commonly used as FDA approved contrast agents in diagnostic ultrasound. On exposure to ultrasound the microbubbles lead to formation of small pores on the cell membrane. This work concentrates on application of this platform to enhance cellular uptake of nanoparticles and thereby achieve enhanced drug delivery. Nanoparticles can be manipulated at the nano level and have been applied in the realm of cancer detection and treatment for imaging, targeting tumors, and drug delivery purposes [2].
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