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Journal articles on the topic 'Cell microscopy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 21 December 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yang, Shuntao. "Digital holographic microscopy of highly sensitive living cells." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 21, no. 6 (2021): 1985–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm215504.

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In order to solve the problem that the existing living cell microscopy technology can not display the detailed information of cells, a high sensitivity digital holographic living cell microscopy technology is proposed in this paper. By measuring the phase distribution and refractive index distribution of living cells, the data of living cells are extracted and converted into digital hologram of living cells. Simulation and comparison of the commonly used two-dimensional living cell microscope methods. The experimental results show that the high-sensitivity digital holographic microscopic detec

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Wait, Eric C., Michael A. Reiche, and Teng-Leong Chew. "Hypothesis-driven quantitative fluorescence microscopy – the importance of reverse-thinking in experimental design." Journal of Cell Science 133, no. 21 (2020): jcs250027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.250027.

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ABSTRACTOne of the challenges in modern fluorescence microscopy is to reconcile the conventional utilization of microscopes as exploratory instruments with their emerging and rapidly expanding role as a quantitative tools. The contribution of microscopy to observational biology will remain enormous owing to the improvements in acquisition speed, imaging depth, resolution and biocompatibility of modern imaging instruments. However, the use of fluorescence microscopy to facilitate the quantitative measurements necessary to challenge hypotheses is a relatively recent concept, made possible by adv

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Yang, Thomas Zhirui, and Yumin Wu. "Seeing cells without a lens: Compact 3D digital lensless holographic microscopy for wide-field imaging." Theoretical and Natural Science 12, no. 1 (2023): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/12/20230434.

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Optical microscopy is an essential tool for biomedical discoveries and cell diagnosis at micro- to nano-scales. However, conventional microscopes rely on lenses to record 2-D images of samples, which limits in-depth inspection of large volumes of cells. This research project implements a novel 3-D lensless microscopic imaging system that achieves a wide field of view, high resolution, and an extremely compact, cost-effective design: the Digital Lensless Holographic Microscope (DLHM).A lensless holographic microscope is built with only a light source, a sample, and an imaging chip (with other n

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Shotton, D. M. "Video-enhanced light microscopy and its applications in cell biology." Journal of Cell Science 89, no. 2 (1988): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.89.2.129.

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The combination of novel optical microscopic techniques with advanced video and digital image-processing technology now permits dramatic improvements in the quality of light-microscope images. Such video-enhanced light microscopy has lead to a renaissance in the applications of the light microscope for the study of living cells in two important areas: the intensification of faint fluorescence images, permitting observation of fluorescently labelled cells under conditions of very low illuminating intensity; and the enhancement of extremely low contrast images generated by minute cellular struct

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Volkov, I. A., N. V. Frigo, L. F. Znamenskaya, and O. R. Katunina. "Application of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy in Biology and Medicine." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 90, no. 1 (2014): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2014-90-1-17-24.

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Fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy and reflectance confocal laser scanning microscopy are up-to-date highend study methods. Confocal microscopy is used in cell biology and medicine. By using confocal microscopy, it is possible to study bioplasts and localization of protein molecules and other compounds relative to cell or tissue structures, and to monitor dynamic cell processes. Confocal microscopes enable layer-by-layer scanning of test items to create demonstrable 3D models. As compared to usual fluorescent microscopes, confocal microscopes are characterized by a higher contrast

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Kosaka, Yudai, and Tetsuhiko Ohba. "3P174 Study on membrane microfluidity of living cells using Muller Matrix microscopy(12. Cell biology,Poster)." Seibutsu Butsuri 53, supplement1-2 (2013): S240. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.53.s240_5.

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Schneckenburger, Herbert, and Christoph Cremer. "Axial Tomography in Live Cell Microscopy." Biophysica 4, no. 2 (2024): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biophysica4020010.

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For many biomedical applications, laser-assisted methods are essential to enhance the three-dimensional (3D) resolution of a light microscope. In this report, we review possibilities to improve the 3D imaging potential by axial tomography. This method allows us to rotate the object in a microscope into the best perspective required for imaging. Furthermore, images recorded under variable angles can be combined to one image with isotropic resolution. After a brief review of the technical state of the art, we show some biomedical applications, and discuss future perspectives for Deep View Micros

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Engels, F. M. "Developments in application of light and scanning electron microscopy techniques for cell wall degradation studies." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 44, no. 4 (1996): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v44i4.542.

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The results of recent technological developments in light and scanning electron microscopy closely used for research on forage cell wall degradation in ruminants, are reviewed. The indigestibility of forages by rumen microorganisms used to be ascribed mainly to an overall presence of lignin in the plant material. However, early light microscopic observations without application of histochemical staining revealed that some leaf and stem tissues were degraded completely. The early use of lignin detecting dyes, such as acid phloroglucinol or safranin, in light microscopy made it possible to discr

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Prabhakar, Neeraj, Markus Peurla, Olga Shenderova, and Jessica M. Rosenholm. "Fluorescent and Electron-Dense Green Color Emitting Nanodiamonds for Single-Cell Correlative Microscopy." Molecules 25, no. 24 (2020): 5897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245897.

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Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is revolutionizing how cell samples are studied. CLEM provides a combination of the molecular and ultrastructural information about a cell. For the execution of CLEM experiments, multimodal fiducial landmarks are applied to precisely overlay light and electron microscopy images. Currently applied fiducials such as quantum dots and organic dye-labeled nanoparticles can be irreversibly quenched by electron beam exposure during electron microscopy. Generally, the sample is therefore investigated with a light microscope first and later with an elect

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Carmichael, Stephen W., and Jon Charlesworth. "Correlating Fluorescence Microscopy with Electron Microscopy." Microscopy Today 12, no. 1 (2004): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500051749.

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The use of fluorescent probes is becoming more and more common in cell biology. It would be useful if we were able to correlate a fluorescent structure with an electron microscopic image. The ability to definitively identify a fluorescent organelle would be very valuable. Recently, Ying Ren, Michael Kruhlak, and David Bazett-Jones devised a clever technique to correlate a structure visualized in the light microscope, even a fluorescing cell, with transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Two keys to the technique of Ren et al are the use of grids (as used in the TEM) with widely spaced grid bars

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Sharmin, Nazlee, Ava Chow, and Alice Dong. "A Comparison Between Virtual and Conventional Microscopes in Health Science Education." Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology 49, no. 2 (2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21432/cjlt28270.

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Virtual microscopes are computer or web-based programs that enable users to visualize digital slides and mimic the experience of using a real light microscope. Traditional light microscopes have always been an essential teaching tool in health science education to observe and learn cell and tissue structures. However, studies comparing virtual and real light microscopes in education reported learners’ satisfaction with virtual microscopes regarding their usability, image quality, efficiency, and availability. Although the use of virtual or web-based microscopy is increasing, there is no equiva

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Sagvolden, G., I. Giaever, E. O. Pettersen, and J. Feder. "Cell adhesion force microscopy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, no. 2 (1999): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.2.471.

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Konishi, Hiromi, Akira Ishikawa, Ying-Bing Jiang, Peter Buseck, and Huifang Xu. "Sealed Environmental Cell Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 9, S02 (2003): 902–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927603444516.

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Hillebrand, Merle, Sophie E. Verrier, Andreas Ohlenbusch, et al. "Live Cell FRET Microscopy." Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, no. 37 (2007): 26997–7005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m702122200.

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Wright, S. J., J. S. Walker, H. Schatten, C. Simerly, J. J. McCarthy, and G. Schatten. "Confocal fluorescence microscopy with the tandem scanning light microscope." Journal of Cell Science 94, no. 4 (1989): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.94.4.617.

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Applications of the tandem scanning confocal microscope (TSM) to fluorescence microscopy and its ability to resolve fluorescent biological structures are described. The TSM, in conjunction with a cooled charge-coupled device (cooled CCD) and conventional epifluorescence light source and filter sets, provided high-resolution, confocal data, so that different fluorescent cellular components were distinguished in three dimensions within the same cell. One of the unique features of the TSM is the ability to image fluorochromes excited by ultraviolet light (e.g. Hoechst, DAPI) in addition to fluore

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Mund, Markus, and Jonas Ries. "How good are my data? Reference standards in superresolution microscopy." Molecular Biology of the Cell 31, no. 19 (2020): 2093–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e19-04-0189.

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Superresolution microscopy is becoming increasingly widespread in biological labs. While it holds enormous potential for biological discovery, it is a complex imaging technique that requires thorough optimization of various experimental parameters to yield data of the highest quality. Unfortunately, it remains challenging even for seasoned users to judge from the acquired images alone whether their superresolution microscopy pipeline is performing at its optimum, or if the image quality could be improved. Here, we describe how superresolution microscopists can objectively characterize their im

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Shanmugapriya, Soundararajan Vijayarathna, and Sreenivasan Sasidharan. "Functional Validation of DownRegulated MicroRNAs in HeLa Cells Treated with Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Extract Using Different Microscopic Approaches: A Morphological Alteration-Based Validation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 05 (2019): 1263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927619014776.

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AbstractSeveral microscopy methods have been developed to assess the morphological changes in cells in the investigations of the mode of cell death in response to a stimulus. Our recent finding on the treatment of the IC50 concentration (26.67 μg/mL) of Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract indicated the induction of apoptotic cell death via the regulation of miRNA in HeLa cells. Hence, the current study was conducted to validate the function of these downregulated microRNAs in P. longifolia-treated HeLa cells using microscopic approaches. These include scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmi

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Grant, K. W., N. J. Anderson, J. A. Hammarback, et al. "Laser Capture Microscopy as an Aid to Ultrastructural Analysis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 842–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036709.

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Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a technique that provides homogenous cell populations for molecular and light microscopic analysis. During viewing by a standard wide-field microscope, a specific cell is selected. Heat from a near-infrared laser melts an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) transparent film which bonds to the individual selected cell. Several thousand cells can be selected and captured using this method. A homogeneous subpopulation of cells may be collected, one at a time, by histologic characteristics and/or histochemical staining from frozen sections, deparaffinized tissue, ce

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Radosavljević, Jasna Simonović, Aleksandra Lj Mitrović, Ksenija Radotić, László Zimányi, Győző Garab, and Gábor Steinbach. "Differential Polarization Imaging of Plant Cells. Mapping the Anisotropy of Cell Walls and Chloroplasts." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (2021): 7661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147661.

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Modern light microscopy imaging techniques have substantially advanced our knowledge about the ultrastructure of plant cells and their organelles. Laser-scanning microscopy and digital light microscopy imaging techniques, in general—in addition to their high sensitivity, fast data acquisition, and great versatility of 2D–4D image analyses—also opened the technical possibilities to combine microscopy imaging with spectroscopic measurements. In this review, we focus our attention on differential polarization (DP) imaging techniques and on their applications on plant cell walls and chloroplasts,

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Jost, Anna Payne-Tobin, and Jennifer C. Waters. "Designing a rigorous microscopy experiment: Validating methods and avoiding bias." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 5 (2019): 1452–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201812109.

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Images generated by a microscope are never a perfect representation of the biological specimen. Microscopes and specimen preparation methods are prone to error and can impart images with unintended attributes that might be misconstrued as belonging to the biological specimen. In addition, our brains are wired to quickly interpret what we see, and with an unconscious bias toward that which makes the most sense to us based on our current understanding. Unaddressed errors in microscopy images combined with the bias we bring to visual interpretation of images can lead to false conclusions and irre

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Martin, Sonya, Antonio Virgilio Failla, Udo Spöri, Christoph Cremer, and Ana Pombo. "Measuring the Size of Biological Nanostructures with Spatially Modulated Illumination Microscopy." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 5 (2004): 2449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-01-0045.

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Spatially modulated illumination fluorescence microscopy can in theory measure the sizes of objects with a diameter ranging between 10 and 200 nm and has allowed accurate size measurement of subresolution fluorescent beads (∼40–100 nm). Biological structures in this size range have so far been measured by electron microscopy. Here, we have labeled sites containing the active, hyperphosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II in the nucleus of HeLa cells by using the antibody H5. The spatially modulated illumination-microscope was compared with confocal laser scanning and electron microscopes and f

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Xianjun Zhang. "Development and Application of Cryogenic Optical Microscopy in Photosynthesis." Acta Physica Sinica 73, no. 21 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.73.20241072.

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Efficient photosynthesis reaction thanks to the flexible energy regulation of two important pigment-protein complexes photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI). Cryogenic spectral microscopy provides information about the spatial distribution and physiological functional states of photosynthetic components in photosynthetic organisms. Under low temperatures, the uphill energy transfer between pigments is efficiently suppressed so that the temperature-dependent PSI can be well analyzed. Therefore, a cryogenic spectral microscope allows us to discuss the physiological events surrounding PSII

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Weinhardt, Venera, Jian-Hua Chen, Axel Ekman, Gerry McDermott, Mark A. Le Gros, and Carolyn Larabell. "Imaging cell morphology and physiology using X-rays." Biochemical Society Transactions 47, no. 2 (2019): 489–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20180036.

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Abstract Morphometric measurements, such as quantifying cell shape, characterizing sub-cellular organization, and probing cell–cell interactions, are fundamental in cell biology and clinical medicine. Until quite recently, the main source of morphometric data on cells has been light- and electron-based microscope images. However, many technological advances have propelled X-ray microscopy into becoming another source of high-quality morphometric information. Here, we review the status of X-ray microscopy as a quantitative biological imaging modality. We also describe the combination of X-ray m

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Schneckenburger, Herbert. "Lasers in Live Cell Microscopy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (2022): 5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095015.

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Due to their unique properties—coherent radiation, diffraction limited focusing, low spectral bandwidth and in many cases short light pulses—lasers play an increasing role in live cell microscopy. Lasers are indispensable tools in 3D microscopy, e.g., confocal, light sheet or total internal reflection microscopy, as well as in super-resolution microscopy using wide-field or confocal methods. Further techniques, e.g., spectral imaging or fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) often depend on the well-defined spectral or temporal properties of lasers. Furthermore, laser microbeams are used increas

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Liao, Hong-Gang, and Haimei Zheng. "Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy." Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 67, no. 1 (2016): 719–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112501.

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Inoué, Shinya. "Video microscopy in cell biology." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100127591.

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The application of video improves the image quality and extends the applicability of the light microscope to an unprecedented degree. Rectified, Plan Apochromatic high N.A. objectives can be used at full condenser N.A. in polarized light, D.I.C., single sideband edge enhanced, brightfield, or fluorescence, etc., microscopy to yield exceptionally well-corrected images with high resolution and shallow depth of field. Contrast and image features barely visible through the ocular are clearly displayed after analog and digital video enhancement. Stationary image blemishes and random noise due to lo

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Brama, Elisabeth, Christopher J. Peddie, Gary Wilkes, Yan Gu, Lucy M. Collinson, and Martin L. Jones. "ultraLM and miniLM: Locator tools for smart tracking of fluorescent cells in correlative light and electron microscopy." Wellcome Open Research 1 (December 13, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10299.1.

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In-resin fluorescence (IRF) protocols preserve fluorescent proteins in resin-embedded cells and tissues for correlative light and electron microscopy, aiding interpretation of macromolecular function within the complex cellular landscape. Dual-contrast IRF samples can be imaged in separate fluorescence and electron microscopes, or in dual-modality integrated microscopes for high resolution correlation of fluorophore to organelle. IRF samples also offer a unique opportunity to automate correlative imaging workflows. Here we present two new locator tools for finding and following fluorescent cel

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Sarkar, Agnidipta, Rojina Khatun, Sudeshna Sengupta, and Malavika Bhattacharya. "Microscopy-based Data Processing in Cell Biology." Cell Biology 13, no. 1 (2025): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20251301.11.

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By making it possible to extract intricate and significant biological information from visual imaging, data processing based on microscopy has completely changed contemporary cell biology. Researchers have overcome historical constraints by combining microscopy with sophisticated image processing technologies, opening up new possibilities for comprehending cellular architecture and functions in unprecedented detail. The goal of this study is to present a thorough examination of the methods and new developments in microscopy-driven data analysis, emphasizing both the theoretical underpinnings a

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Martin, Rick, and Soojung Shin. "Photomicroscopy Made Easy by Converting Cell Phones into “CellCams”." American Biology Teacher 78, no. 1 (2016): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2016.78.1.71.

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Photo and video microscopy expand the utility of microscopic observations in education, but attachments needed for this have been prohibitively expensive or too fragile to allow students individual access to these techniques. We describe a do-it-yourself method using inexpensive materials that allows students to build an adaptor that will allow them to turn their cell phones into “CellCams” that they can use to capture microscopic images and videos. Activities are presented that give students ways to learn about concepts of microscopy using their self-collected images.

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Kinosita, K., H. Itoh, S. Ishiwata, K. Hirano, T. Nishizaka, and T. Hayakawa. "Dual-view microscopy with a single camera: real-time imaging of molecular orientations and calcium." Journal of Cell Biology 115, no. 1 (1991): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.115.1.67.

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A new microscope technique, termed "W" (double view video) microscopy, enables simultaneous observation of two different images of an object through a single video camera or by eye. The image pair may, for example, be transmission and fluorescence, fluorescence at different wavelengths, or mutually perpendicular components of polarized fluorescence. Any video microscope can be converted into a dual imager by simple insertion of a small optical device. The continuous appearance of the dual image assures the best time resolution in existing and future video microscopes. As an application, orient

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Ma, Jianfeng, Zhe Ji, Xia Zhou, Zhiheng Zhang, and Feng Xu. "Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, and Confocal Raman Microscopic Analysis of Ultrastructural and Compositional Heterogeneity of Cornus alba L. Wood Cell Wall." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 1 (2013): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612013906.

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AbstractTransmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence microscopy, and confocal Raman microscopy can be used to characterize ultrastructural and compositional heterogeneity of plant cell walls. In this study, TEM observations revealed the ultrastructural characterization of Cornus alba L. fiber, vessel, axial parenchyma, ray parenchyma, and pit membrane between cells, notably with the ray parenchyma consisting of two well-defined layers. Fluorescence microscopy evidenced that cell corner middle lamella was more lignified than adjacent compound middle lamella and secondary wall with varia

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White, J. G., W. B. Amos, and M. Fordham. "An evaluation of confocal versus conventional imaging of biological structures by fluorescence light microscopy." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 1 (1987): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.1.41.

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Scanning confocal microscopes offer improved rejection of out-of-focus noise and greater resolution than conventional imaging. In such a microscope, the imaging and condenser lenses are identical and confocal. These two lenses are replaced by a single lens when epi-illumination is used, making confocal imaging particularly applicable to incident light microscopy. We describe the results we have obtained with a confocal system in which scanning is performed by moving the light beam, rather than the stage. This system is considerably faster than the scanned stage microscope and is easy to use. W

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Arun Anand, Arun Anand, and Bahram Javidi Bahram Javidi. "Digital holographic microscopy for automated 3D cell identification: an overview (Invited Paper)." Chinese Optics Letters 12, no. 6 (2014): 060012–60017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.060012.

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Smith, R. W. "Non-Imaging Microscopies: Flow Cytometry as a Correlative Analytical Tool in the Quantification of Cell Structure, Autofluorescence, Fluorescent Probes and Cell Populations." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600015774.

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Non-imaging microscopy has developed somewhat independently of both traditional light microscopy and laser confocal microscopy. Flow cytometry is the chief commercial and research technology among these microscopies, and, like other nonimaging detection systems, developed around the theme of automation in clinical laboratory medicine. It is an important correlative or parallel microscopy to several image forming microscopical methods. Cell sorting is an important option as well.The basic structure of the flow cytometer certainly parallels light, laser and electron microscopes. The flow cytomet

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Baldock, Sara J., Abdullah C. S. Talari, Rachael Smith, Karen L. Wright, and Lorna Ashton. "Single‐cell Raman microscopy of microengineered cell scaffolds." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 50, no. 3 (2018): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5525.

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Staehelin, L. Andrew, and Dominick J. Paolillo. "A brief history of how microscopic studies led to the elucidation of the 3D architecture and macromolecular organization of higher plant thylakoids." Photosynthesis Research 145, no. 3 (2020): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11120-020-00782-3.

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Abstract Microscopic studies of chloroplasts can be traced back to the year 1678 when Antonie van Leeuwenhoek reported to the Royal Society in London that he saw green globules in grass leaf cells with his single-lens microscope. Since then, microscopic studies have continued to contribute critical insights into the complex architecture of chloroplast membranes and how their structure relates to function. This review is organized into three chronological sections: During the classic light microscope period (1678–1940), the development of improved microscopes led to the identification of green

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O'Connell, Christopher B. "Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging with N-SIM." Microscopy Today 20, no. 4 (2012): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929512000375.

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The ability to visualize the distributions of specific proteins with a light microscope and fluorescent probes is largely responsible for our current understanding of cellular structure. A major limitation of this approach arises from the blurring effects of diffraction, which decreases resolution and limits the ability to obtain information at the nanoscale. There has been a tremendous drive to develop optical and computational methods that improve the resolution of the light microscope, and structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is one solution. This method uses patterned illumination to d

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BULAT, TANJA, OTILIJA KETA, LELA KORIĆANAC, et al. "Radiation dose determines the method for quantification of DNA double strand breaks." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88, no. 1 (2016): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620140553.

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ABSTRACT Ionizing radiation induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) that trigger phosphorylation of the histone protein H2AX (γH2AX). Immunofluorescent staining visualizes formation of γH2AX foci, allowing their quantification. This method, as opposed to Western blot assay and Flow cytometry, provides more accurate analysis, by showing exact position and intensity of fluorescent signal in each single cell. In practice there are problems in quantification of γH2AX. This paper is based on two issues: the determination of which technique should be applied concerning the radiation dose, and how to

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Wells, William A. "Lipid microscopy." Journal of Cell Biology 175, no. 2 (2006): 196a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.1752rr3.

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Stelzer, Ernst H. K. "Optical microscopy." Trends in Cell Biology 3, no. 9 (1993): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-8924(93)90016-t.

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Amos, W. B. "Light Microscopy." Trends in Cell Biology 3, no. 1 (1993): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-8924(93)90199-b.

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Ogenko, Volodymyr. "ACHIEVEMENTS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IN THE FIELD OF MICROSCOPY AND VISUALIZATION OF NANOSYSTEMS." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 89, no. 8 (2023): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.89.08.2023.63-77.

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The review presents modern views and the history of the development of microscopic studies of nanosystems which heve been started 2014, after the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Eric Betzig, William Mörner, and Stefan Gell "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy". Their work ushered in a new era of optical microscopy, enabling the precise examination of individual molecules and molecular clusters by using optical microscopes. By circumventing the diffraction limitations that had constrained traditional optical microscopes, scientists gained access to the nanoscal

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Morone, Nobuhiro, Eiji Usukura, Akihiro Narita, and Jiro Usukura. "Improved unroofing protocols for cryo-electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and freeze-etching electron microscopy and the associated mechanisms." Microscopy 69, no. 6 (2020): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmicro/dfaa028.

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Abstract Unroofing, which is the mechanical shearing of a cell to expose the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane, is a unique preparation method that allows membrane cytoskeletons to be observed by cryo-electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, freeze-etching electron microscopy and other methods. Ultrasound and adhesion have been known to mechanically unroof cells. In this study, unroofing using these two means was denoted sonication unroofing and adhesion unroofing, respectively. We clarified the mechanisms by which cell membranes are removed in these unroofing procedures and establ

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Ren, Ying, Michael J. Kruhlak, and David P. Bazett-Jones. "Same Serial Section Correlative Light and Energy-filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 5 (2003): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100506.

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Correlative imaging of a specific cell with both the light microscope and the electron microscope has proved to be a difficult task, requiring enormous amounts of patience and technical skill. We describe a technique with a high rate of success, which can be used to identify a particular cell in the light microscope and then to embed and thin-section it for electron microscopy. The technique also includes a method to obtain many uninterrupted, thin serial sections for imaging by conventional or energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy, to obtain images for 3D analysis of detail at the

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Jiang, Nan, Hyeon-Jin Kim, Tyler J. Chozinski, et al. "Superresolution imaging of Drosophila tissues using expansion microscopy." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 12 (2018): 1413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-10-0583.

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The limited resolving power of conventional diffraction-limited microscopy hinders analysis of small, densely packed structural elements in cells. Expansion microscopy (ExM) provides an elegant solution to this problem, allowing for increased resolution with standard microscopes via physical expansion of the specimen in a swellable polymer hydrogel. Here, we apply, validate, and optimize ExM protocols that enable the study of Drosophila embryos, larval brains, and larval and adult body walls. We achieve a lateral resolution of ∼70 nm in Drosophila tissues using a standard confocal microscope,

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Carlson, David B., Jeff Gelb, Vadim Palshin, and James E. Evans. "Laboratory-Based Cryogenic Soft X-Ray Tomography with Correlative Cryo-Light and Electron Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 1 (2013): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612013827.

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AbstractHere we present a novel laboratory-based cryogenic soft X-ray microscope for whole cell tomography of frozen hydrated samples. We demonstrate the capabilities of this compact cryogenic microscope by visualizing internal subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The microscope is shown to achieve better than 50 nm half-pitch spatial resolution with a Siemens star test sample. For whole biological cells, the microscope can image specimens up to 5 μm thick. Structures as small as 90 nm can be detected in tomographic reconstructions following a low cumulative radiation dose

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Bauer, C., V. Vasioukhin, M. Yin, and E. Fuchs. "Immunoelectron Microscopy of Keratinocytes: an Improved Protocol for Flat Embedding of Cultured Cells Using Lowicryl K4M." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600034164.

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In cell culture models various and distinct manipulations can be performed in a defined environment. This makes cell cultures very popular for immunohistochemical studies. Such studies are mostly performed at the light microscopic level where fluorescent probes and confocal microscopy provide detailed insights into the distribution and localization of antigens inside cells. In many such cases further studies at the electron microscopic level would give additional information and an often more detailed view. As compared to light microscopy not only is the resolution much higher, but also and ev

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Benchimol, Marlene. "Trichomonads under Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 10, no. 5 (2004): 528–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927604040905.

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Trichomonads are flagellate protists, and among themTrichomonas vaginalisandTritrichomonas foetusare the most studied because they are parasites of the urogenital tract of humans and cattle, respectively. Microscopy provides new insights into the cell biology and morphology of these parasites, and thus allows better understanding of the main aspects of their physiology. Here, we review the ultrastructure ofT. foetusandT. vaginalis, stressing the participation of the axostyle in the process of cell division and showing that the pseudocyst may be a new form in the trichomonad cell cycle and not

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Vodyanoy, Vitaly. "High Resolution Light Microscopy of Live Cells." Microscopy Today 13, no. 3 (2005): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500051609.

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All living creatures, including humans, are made of cells. The majority of life forms exist as single cells that perform all functions to continue independent life. Some cell structures, cell organelles and particularly bacteria and viruses are commonly too small to be fully observed with an optical microscope. Therefore, an electron microscope is required. Since samples examined with an electron microscope are exposed to very high vacuum, it is impossible to view living cells. The sample preparation for electron microscopy requires that living cells be killed, frozen, dehydrated, and impregna

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Tillberg, Paul W., and Fei Chen. "Expansion Microscopy: Scalable and Convenient Super-Resolution Microscopy." Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 35, no. 1 (2019): 683–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125320.

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Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a physical form of magnification that increases the effective resolving power of any microscope. Here, we describe the fundamental principles of ExM, as well as how recently developed ExM variants build upon and apply those principles. We examine applications of ExM in cell and developmental biology for the study of nanoscale structures as well as ExM's potential for scalable mapping of nanoscale structures across large sample volumes. Finally, we explore how the unique anchoring and hydrogel embedding properties enable postexpansion molecular interrogation in a p

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