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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cell Movement'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Sasaki, Nobumitsu. "Roles of Movement Protein Gene in Cell-to-Cell Movement and Host-Range Determination of Bromoviruses." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149902.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9612号
農博第1240号
新制||農||841(附属図書館)
学位論文||H14||N3644(農学部図書室)
UT51-2002-G370
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 奥野 哲郎, 教授 西岡 孝明, 教授 泉井 桂
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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2

Aghakhani, Minoo Razi. "Contact mediated signalling during cell movement." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404373.

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3

Langridge, Paul David. "Studies on cell movement using Dictyostelium." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613740.

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4

Falk, Anna. "Stem cells : proliferation, differentiation, migration /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-497-X/.

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5

Jevons, Amy Louise. "The role of PKN in cell movement." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444205/.

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This thesis focuses on the protein kinase N family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This comprises three isoforms, with kinase domains highly related to the protein kinase C family, but with distinctive Rho/Rac dependent regulation. The critical roles played by Rho/Rac in regulating the cytoskeleton and cell migration/invasion led to an investigation into the role of PKNs in this process. Initial work in the thesis derived from the observation that PKN1 translocated to an insoluble cytosolic compartment in response to hyperosmotic stress. This had been shown to be dependent upon Racl and 3-phosphoinositide dependent kinase (PDK1). The thesis describes the characterisation of the domain in PKN 1 responsible for the Rac-dependent hyperosmotic response. Through the use of PKNl/PKCzeta chimeras a 49 amino acid sequence within the kinase domain was shown to be necessary and sufficient for the observed osmotic behaviour. In developing a cell model for migration/invasion, a breast cancer cell model was identified that displayed high PKN expression. siRNA mediated depletion of PKN isoforms or inhibition of kinase activity, revealed a requirement for PKN in both migration and invasion. Comparison with other transformed cells indicated that the relative contribution each isoform makes towards these processes appears to be cell type dependent. As a candidate downstream target, PLD has been implicated in migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and so the previously described interaction between PKN and phospholipaseD in migrating breast cancer cells was investigated. Results suggest that the activity of PLD contributes to the migration of MDAMB-468 cells and that the production of phosphatidic acid in migrating cells is stimulated by PKN.
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6

Atkins, David G. "Studies on the cell-to-cell movement of tobacco mosaic virus." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276159.

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7

Nagano, Hideaki. "Studies on Plant-Virus Cell-to-Cell Movement Using Chimeric Viruses." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78105.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第8438号
農博第1122号
新制||農||801(附属図書館)
学位論文||H12||N3395(農学部図書室)
UT51-2000-F342
京都大学大学院農学研究科農林生物学専攻
(主査)教授 古澤 巌, 教授 泉井 桂, 教授 津田 盛也
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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8

Tindall, Marcus John. "Modelling cell movement and the cell cycle in multicellular tumour spheroids." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/50618/.

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The work presented in this thesis is concerned with modelling the effects of cell movement on the growth and formation of cell cycle phase specific regions within solid tumours. A model is proposed in the context of multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS) and includes a simple model of the cell cycle, where cells move between each cell cycle phase depending on the availability of extracellular nutrient, as well as cell movement via chemotaxis, which varies depending upon the respective cell cycle phase of the cell. Numerical and asymptotic solutions show the model re-produces the well known MCTS structure of an internal quiescent cell region surrounded by a rim of proliferating cells. A further, more interesting result, describes a tumour surrounded by a rim of quiescent cells, with an inner quiescent and an interim proliferating cell region. The resultant solutions are a result of the different cell velocity profiles along with the effects of the cell cycle kinetics in different regions of the tumour. The non-linear form of the conservation equations describing the movement of cells means that solutions with spatial discontinuities in the cell concentrations (shocks) are observed for specific parameter values. Analysis of the effects of the chemotactic response and the cell cycle kinetics, both spatial and temporal, provide insight in to the model's behaviour and shows an understanding of cell cycle kinetics, cell movement and the spatial structure of tumours is important in assisting therapeutic strategies. The effectiveness of apoptosis, as an anti-cancer strategy, is shown to be dependent upon the concentration and spatial organisation of proliferating cells within the respective tumour. Comparison with the experimentally verified model of tumour growth developed by Gompertz allows specific model parameters to be expressed in terms of experimentally known variables. Such analysis shows that Gompertz's model is good at predicting the growth of solid tumours with a proliferating rim, but other models are required to understand the growth of non-uniform, heterogeneous tumours. Experimental justification of the model is provided by considering the observed internalisation of H3 Thymidine labelled cells and inert microspheres within MCTS. Here experimental results show that following adherence to the spheroid edge, the microspheres were all advected towards the centre of the spheroids whilst the labelled cells were spread throughout the proliferating and quiescent outer regions. The cell cycle model which is developed is, unlike previous models, able to account for this observed behaviour. Various simulations are discussed in relation to the original experimental results. These results show the importance of cell movement in providing possible ways of assisting with drug delivery to the more therapeutically resistant regions of solid tumours. Finally the importance of necrosis formation is discussed by a simple extension to the model. Necrosis as a result of quiescent cell death leads to the commonly observed formation of a necrotic core in each case. However, using the model to consider the more recent hypothesis that apoptosis leads to the formation of necrotic regions provides interesting theoretical results.
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9

Fernyhough, Emma Nicole. "Automated segmentation of structures essential to cell movement." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13484/.

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The study of cells is not only a key field in modern science, but has been an important area of study for hundreds of years. Despite this there is still a lot left unknown. As technology has progressed, so has our ability to photograph and film cells, but much of the processing of these images is still carried out by hand. This is not only difficult and time consuming, but is subject to opinion and error, and often not exactly reproducible. We are wishing to automate the process of segmenting cells, in order to provide biologists with that data they require to learn more about cells and their movement. This should be done in a quantitative and reproducible way. Crawling cells, such as those studied for this research, often need to move around the host body, such as the human or other mammal, in order to assist with growth, prevent disease, or to cure damage. To do this they employ other structures which protrude from the cell body to aid their motility. They use very fine hair like features (filopodia) to detect their surrounding, penetrate other cells, and determine direction. They then use thin, flat membranes (lamellipodia) to adhere both at the front and rear of the cell to pull and push forward in the direction of movement. These features are often extremely difficult to see by eye, making automation of their segmentation an awkward task. To do this, we need to use not only the information in the individual frames of video, but also information gained over time such as their movement between the frames. We firstly pre-process the images using an automated technique to correct for lighting variations in the footage. Our method is not only extremely efficient and reliable but works equally on different sizes and shapes of cell as well as frames with differing degrees of background coverage, from only one or two small cells in a frame to where the majority of the image is covered. This shading correction method was also tested on non-cellular images taken using the same kind of microscopy to show that it is suitable for all images rather than just those being studied in this work. This pre-processing allows us to make a simple segmentation of the main cell bodies, which on its own is suitable for cells which do not contain other thin structures. Using the cell bodies obtained from our pre-processing technique we then find the thinner membranes which are attached to the cell. Despite being a fully automated method, this was more accurate in two out of our three sets of videos than the most popular segmentation program using manual setting of parameters for each video individually. We improved upon this initial segmentation by incorporating the movement of the cell over time, using an iterative technique to compare the outcome of sequential frames. The result was that our segmentation was better than the manually parametrised segmentation program for every video. We then wished to find the hair like extensions and again used the information from our pre-processing stage. As these are so difficult to detect by eye we used the information of the movement to create candidate regions where these were believed to be located. Although these were usually not straight, we were able to build up small line segments in the candidate regions to recreate the features and detect the direction. This allowed us to identify all regions with filopodia present, and to separate them in order to find the required information such as the number, the length, what kind of clusters they grew in and the location compared to the direction of movement. No other method has been found which is able to detect these or segment them separately from the cell.
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10

Irving, Michael. "Reversible plant movement studied at single cell resolution." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321434.

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11

Texler, Michael Lutz. "Aetiology of tumour cell movement during laparoscopic surgery : patterns of movement and influencing factors." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdt355.pdf.

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Accompanying CD-ROM contains image files and software. Bibliography: leaves 259-286. Explores the factors affecting the movement of tumour cells from a primary malignancy across the peritoneal cavity to the port-site following laparoscopic intervention. Filter methods and radio-labelled tumour cells provided the most useful way of following cell movement. Concludes spread of tumour cells to the port-site is more likely in the presence of disseminated disease, as well as with inappropriate surgical technique. Metastasis may be reduced by the use of intraperitoneal lavage and appropriate surgical technique.
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12

Cui, Cheng. "Dynamics of cell movement and tissue motion in gastrulation and micromass cell culture." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3182618.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Physics, 2005.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-07, Section: B, page: 3594. Adviser: James A. Glazier. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 5, 2006).
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13

Tomar, Alok. "Tyrosine phosphorylation of villin effects on actin dynamics, cell morphology and cell migration /." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version (on campus access only), 2006. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2006_008_tomar_index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2006.
Title from title page screen (viewed on June 20, 2008 ). Research advisor: Seema Khurana, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xi, 154 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-139).
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14

Turner, Stephen. "Mathematical modelling of cancer invasion and biological cell movement." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/438.

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15

Francis, Monika K. "Regulation of GRAF1 membrane sculpting function during cell movement." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk kemi och biofysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-111213.

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All eukaryotic cells rely on endocytic events to satisfy a constant need for nutrient and fluid uptake from their surroundings. Endocytosis-dependent turnover of cell surface constituents also serves to control signal transduction and establish morphological changes in response to extracellular stimuli. During endocytosis, distinct protein machineries re-sculpt the plasma membrane into vesicular carriers that enclose molecules that are to be taken up into the cell. Besides those produced from the canonical clathrin-mediated endocytic machinery, it is becoming increasingly clear that other membrane carriers exist. The indisputable connection between the function of these uptake systems and various disease states, highlights why it is so important to increase our knowledge about the underlying molecular machineries. The aim of this thesis was therefore to characterise the function of GRAF1, a protein suggested to be a tumour suppressor due to that the gene has been found to be mutated in certain cancer patients. My work focused on understanding how this protein operates during formation of clathrin-independent carriers, with possible implications for disease development. Previous in vitro studies showed that GRAF1 harbours a GTPase activating domain to inactivate Rho GTPase Cdc42, a major actin cytoskeleton regulator. Herein, microscopy based approaches used to analyse HeLa cells demonstrated the importance of a transient interaction between GRAF1 and Cdc42 for proper processing of GRAF1-decorated carriers. Although GRAF1-mediated inactivation of Cdc42 was not vital for the budding of carriers from the plasma membrane, it was important for carrier maturation. In addition, studies of purified GRAF1 and its association with lipid bilayers identified a membrane scaffolding-dependent oligomerisation mechanism, with the ability to sculpt membranes. This was consistent with the assumption that GRAF1 possesses an inherent banana shaped membrane binding domain. Remarkably, this function was autoinhibited and in direct competition with the Cdc42 interaction domain. Finally, other novel GRAF1 interaction partners were identified in this study. Interestingly, many of these partners are known to be associated with protein complexes involved in cell adherence, spreading and migration. Although never actually seen localising to mature focal adhesions that anchor cells to their growth surface, dynamic GRAF1 carriers were captured travelling to and from such locations. Moreover, GRAF1 was recruited specifically to smaller podosome-like structures. Consistent with this, the tracking of GRAF1 in live cells uncovered a clear pattern of dynamic carrier formation at sites of active membrane turnover – notably protrusions at the cell periphery. Furthermore, the silencing of GRAF1 gave rise to cells defective in spreading and migration, indicating a targeting of GRAF1-mediated endocytosis to aid in rapid plasma membrane turnover needed for morphological changes that are a prerequisite for cell movement. Since these cells exhibited an increase in active Rab8, a GTPase responsible for polarised vesicle transport, the phenotype could also be explained by a defect in Rab8 trafficking that results in hyperpolarisation. Taken together, the spatial and temporal regulation of GRAF1 membrane sculpting function is likely to be accomplished via its membrane binding propensity, in concert with various protein interactions. The importance of GRAF1 in aiding membrane turnover during cell movement spans different functional levels – from its local coordination of membrane and actin dynamics by interacting with Cdc42, to its global role in membrane lipid trafficking.
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16

Luxemburg, Michael, and Hanna Jönsson. "Quantum Dot Movement on Human Lung Epithelial Cell Line." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195672.

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Inhalationsläkemedel är den främsta behandlingsmetoden för lungsjukdomar såsom astma och KOL. Förutom medicinering inandas vi dessutom miljardtals luftmolekyler varje dag varav en del är föroreningar. Hur dessa ämnen påverkar lunghälsan beror i hög grad på spridningen över lungcellerna. För att mediciner ska absorberas effektivt och luftföroreningar inte ska fastna och ackumuleras, krävs ett funktionellt transportsystem över lungcellerna såsom cellernas cilier. Denna studie ämnar undersöka kvantpartiklars spridning på lungceller utsatta för olika förhållanden som har visats påverka ciliers mobilitet. Specifikt undersöks spridning av 3-MPA täckta CdSe-CdS/ZnS kvantprickar på Calu-3-celler odlade med luft-vätska gränssnitt (ALI) och hur väl lämpade dessa celler är för denna typ av studier. Konfokalmikroskop användes för att studera cellerna vid olika temperaturer samt efter inkubering i saltlösning. Som jämförelse utfördes experiment med kvantprickar i vatten och på döda celler odlade med vätska-vätska gränssnitt (LLI). Resultaten visar att spridningen över ALI Calu-3-celler är starkt kopplad till fluktuationer i cellagret snarare än de olika ciliemodulerande förhållandena. Vi drar därför slutsatsen att ALI Calu-3-celler inte är optimala för studier av ciliers funktion kopplad till spridningshastighet.
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17

DeBlasio, Stacy Lynn. "Characterization of blue-light induced chloroplast movements in wild-type and pmi (plastid movement impaired) Arabidopsis mutants." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3178423.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2005.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-06, Section: B, page: 2998. Adviser: Roger P. Hangarter. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Dec. 4, 2006)."
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18

Aarum, Johan. "Interactions between mouse CNS cells: microglia and neural precursor cells /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-120-2/.

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19

Jesuthasan, Suresh. "Two modes of cell movement in the zebrafish embryo : neural crest cell migration and epiboly." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240465.

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20

Yang, Guang. "The roles of lipids in intercellular adhesion and cell movement." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10044246/.

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Cells actively regulate their lipid composition and localisation during cell division, with both signalling roles and structural roles likely. In this study, I investigate the specific roles of lipids in the formation and maintenance of cell-cell junctions, and in cell migration. Although massive membrane rearrangements occur during both processes and lipids are fundamental building blocks of cell membranes, the roles of lipids remain unclear. After perturbing lipid metabolism enzymes with an siRNA library targeting 260 lipid biosynthetic enzymes in HaCaT (immortalized human keratinocytes), junctions were visualised using the adherens junction (AJ) marker α-catenin, and the resultant junction morphologies were examined. The primary screen revealed a potential role for 16 enzymes with two distinct junctional phenotypes: intercellular gaps and abnormal junction morphology. A secondary migration screen based on wound healing assays was conducted with a subgroup of these hits. I found that depletion of some enzymes results in defects in migration speed and cohesiveness, which suggests potential important roles for those enzymes and the lipids they make in cell migration. AGPAT2 (1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase 2) is one of the hits being prioritised for further experiments to understand the role of related lipids. The depletion of AGPAT2 changes cell-cell junction morphology dramatically. In HaCaT, AJs expand on the neighbouring cells, while in Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells), tight junctions (TJs) show an undulating morphology. Lipidomic analysis conducted following AGPAT2 depletion identified increases in triacylglycerols (TAGs), decreases in ether phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and reduced membrane fluidity indices. Further experiments are being performed to better characterise the phenotypes and identify the exact roles of the lipids. Overall, my study provides evidence that lipids may be involved in cell migration and cell-cell junction formation and maintenance and suggests that proper lipid metabolism is essential for regulating cell-cell junction and migration.
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21

Zhang, Chunhua. "Three-dimensional cell arrangement and heartwood substances movement in hardwoods." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145415.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第11070号
農博第1435号
新制||農||896(附属図書館)
学位論文||H16||N3951(農学部図書室)
22602
UT51-2004-J742
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 藤田 稔, 教授 伊東 隆夫, 教授 野渕 正
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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22

An, Mengnan. "Studies on RNA replication and cell-to-cell movement mechanisms of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus." Kyoto University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157710.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第16919号
農博第1935号
新制||農||1000(附属図書館)
学位論文||H24||N4680(農学部図書室)
29594
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 奥野 哲郎, 教授 佐久間 正幸, 准教授 吉田 天士
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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23

Zhou, Xianghua. "New roles of filamins in cell signaling, transcription and organ development /." Göteborg : Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and the Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/19605.

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24

Bitsouni, Vasiliki. "Nonlinear nonlocal parabolic-hyperbolic coupled systems for cancer cell movement and aggregation." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2017. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/6c666a17-4337-4beb-9a4b-3ca2b308d446.

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Cells adhere to each other and to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through protein molecules on the surface of the cells. The breaking and forming of adhesive bonds, a process critical in cancer invasion and metastasis, can be influenced by the mutation of cancer cells. Several molecules have been reported to play a crucial role in cellular adhesion and proliferation, and eventually in cancer progression, with TGF-β being one of the most important. In this thesis, we propose a general framework to model cancer cells movement and aggregation, in response to nonlocal social interactions (that is, attraction towards neighbours that are far away, repulsion from those that are near by, and alignment with neighbours at intermediate distances), as well as other molecules' effect, e.g., TGF-β. We develop nonlocal mathematical models describing cancer invasion and metastasis as a result of integrin-controlled cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix adhesion, for two cancer cell populations with different levels of mutation. The models consist of nonlinear partial differential equations, describing the dynamics of cancer cells and TGF-β dynamics, coupled with nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing the ECM and integrins dynamics. We study our models analytically and numerically, and we demostrate a wide range of spatiotemporal patterns. We investigate the effect of mutation and TGF-β concentration on the speed on cancer spread, as well as the effect of nonlocal interactions on cancer cells' speed and turning behaviour.
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25

Khanduja, Nimisha. "Processive Acceleration of Actin Barbed End Assembly by N-WASP." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54933.

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Actin-based cell motility plays crucial roles throughout the lifetime of an organism. The dynamic rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton triggers a plethora of cellular processes including cellular migration. Neural Wiskott Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) is involved in transduction of signals from receptors on the cell surface to the actin cytoskeleton. N-WASP activated actin polymerization drives extension of invadopodia and podosomes into the basement layer. In addition to activating Arp2/3 complex, N-WASP binds actin filament barbed ends, and both N-WASP and barbed ends are tightly clustered in these invasive structures. We used nanofibers coated with N-WASP WWCA domains as model cell surfaces and single actin filament imaging to determine how clustered N-WASP affects Arp2/3-independent barbed end assembly. Individual barbed ends captured by WWCA domains of N-WASP grew at or below their diffusion limited assembly rate. At high filament densities, overlapping filaments formed buckles between their nanofiber tethers and myosin attachment points. These buckles grew 3.4-fold faster than the diffusion-limited rate of unattached barbed ends. N-WASP constructs with and without the native poly-proline (PP) region showed similar rate enhancements. Increasing polycationic Mg2+ or Spermine to enhance filament bundling increased the frequency of filament buckle formation, consistent with a requirement of accelerated assembly on barbed end bundling. Our preliminary data shows that tethered N-WASP construct containing one WH2 domain does not generate processive bundles or filament loops leading us to believe that tandem WH2 is required for processivity. We propose that this novel N-WASP assembly activity provides an Arp2/3-independent force that drives nascent filament bundles into the basement layer during cell invasion. Discovery of this bundle mediated unique pathway involved in invasion and metastasis will provide new targets for therapeutic development.
Ph. D.
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26

Kjörell, Uno. "Immunological, biochemical and morphological studies on intermediate filaments." Umeå : [s.n.], 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=6MBpAAAAMAAJ.

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Vogt, Daniel. "ARHGAP4 is a spatially regulated RhoGAP that inhibits NIH/3T3 cell migration and dentate granule cell axon outgrowth." Connect to text online, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1183470294.

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Steinman, Dolores A. Hangan. "Role of beta1 integrins in tumor cell extravasation and postextravasation movement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58237.pdf.

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Harvey, David A. "A contextual and theological examination of the British cell church movement." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412771.

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30

Wood, A. T. "Studies on in vivo cell movement in the teleost fin bud." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375375.

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31

Chon, John H. "Characterization of single-cell movement using a computer-aided fluorescence time-lapse videomicroscopy system : role of integrins in endothelial cell migration." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11171.

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32

Gu, Yu. "The molecular and genetic mechanisms of directional cell migration regulated by electric fields." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165863.

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Directed cell migration is essential in both physiological and pathological situations. Many guidance cues have been extensively investigated in the past decades, to be able to regulate directional cell migration, including chemical, physiological and haptotactic cues. In the past years, we have focused on the roles of physiological electric field in the guidance of directed cell migration. It is well accepted that physiological electric fields exist both extracellularly and intracellularly with different functions, and interestingly, endogenous EFs exist in not only physiological but also pathological events. For instance, the existence of a small current in developing embryos which is also known as the endogenous electric field has been tested, such as the blastopore in Xenopus, chicken embryos, and etc. It has been also demonstrated that endogenous electric fields exist at the wound edges of injured cornea and skin. Physiological electric field is among many other guidance cues controlling an important cellular response – directed cell migration in response to stimuli, a phenomenon named electrotaxis or galvanotaxis. We and others have extensively demonstrated that physiological EFs could control directional cell migration, and that several signalling pathways are required for the regulation of such event. In the current study, we used Dictyostelium model to further explore the molecular and genetic mechanisms of how electrotaxis is controlled, by extensively investigating candidate molecules and genes in such regulation. We found that PI3K, PTEN and Ras signalling pathways are largely involved in the regulation of electrotaxis, Ras plays more dominant roles in this event in comparison with PI3K and PTEN, which only partially contributed towards the electrotactic response of the Dictyostelium cells. Asymmetric redistribution of signalling molecules are shown to play an essential role in the initiation and maintenance of the electrotactic response of the cells.
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33

Marsh, Randall Glenn. "Characterization of a new role for plakoglobin in suppressing epithelial cell translocation." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2001. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin982605799.

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34

Luesse, Darron Robert. "Analysis of light-induced chloroplast movement in Arabidopsis thaliana." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3219900.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2006.
"Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 28, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: B, page: 3000. Adviser: Roger P. Hangarter.
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35

Garton, Kyle Justin. "The ADAMs : a novel family of cell surface proteins with adhesive and protease activity /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6313.

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36

Gunawardena, Shermali Dione Shiranthini Harina. "Interphase chromosome movement during the midblastula transition in Drosophila melanogaster." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284184.

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Eukaryotic chromatin is functionally active only in the interphase nucleus. Indirectly we know that global chromatin changes occur, such that gene expression and replication proceed. I undertook to directly observe the structural changes of interphase chromatin, at a time in Drosophila embryogenesis when many nuclear processes were just beginning to be established. I reasoned that cycle 14 was the ideal time in which to observe chromatin changes as a result of functional processes. During this embryonic stage cellular processes shifts from maternal to zygotic control. Chromosomes also undergo significant changes. To infer the native structure of chromatin, I developed an ultra-sensitive two colour in situ hybridization (FISH) technique and established its limits of resolution. Combining ultrasensitive FISH, with high resolution three-dimensional imaging techniques, I can visualize directly the compaction, position and orientation of genes within the interphase nucleus. I first characterized to a greater extent the chromatin changes in the Notch gene during the mid-blastula transition. I observe that the Notch gene decondense as the embryo ages in cycle 14. I further localized both individually and simultaneously, a variety of genes on the three large chromosomes of Drosophila. I observe that during a single interphase, portions of chromosomes move in a cell cycle specific and directed fashion; both independently and over long distances. From these results I conclude that global chromatin changes occur during interphase. I suggest that chromatin is organized beyond the Rab1 orientation such that the position of the gene on the chromosome allows loci to move independently within the active interphase nucleus. I propose a model for chromatin organization within the Drosophila interphase nucleus. Within the Rab1 order, higher-order chromatin is organized into loop domains, ranging in size from 5--100s of kb. I postulate that loop domains that are centromere proximal are small in size, 5-50 kb, while those centromere distal are larger, often greater than 100 kbs, consistent with the observation that the centromere proximal histone gene cluster is arranged in a 5 kb loop (Mirkovitch et al., 1984), while the Notch gene which is near the telomere, is part of a larger loop (Gunawardena et al., 1999a). The loops are attached to each other by a chromosomal backbone structure. My observations demonstrate that interphase nuclear function is superimposed and permitted on this loop-backbone chromatin organization, such that gene movement occurs (Gunawardena et al., 1999b).
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37

Bratt, Anders. "The role of angiomotin in endothelial cell motility and cell-cell junction formation /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-479-1/.

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38

Moshfegh, Ali. "The biological mechanisms in neutrophil and eosinophil adhesion and transmigration in vitro and their relation to the inflammatory process in vivo /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-122-5/.

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39

Kotha, Jayaprakash. "Molecular mechanism of tetraspanin CD9 mediated cell motility." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2007. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2007-010-Kotha-index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2007.
Title from title page screen (viewed on July 16, 2007). Research advisor: Lisa K. Jennings, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xiv, 150 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p.130-150).
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40

Rakeman, Andrew Steven. "The role of Nap1-mediated cell migration : during morphogenesis and axis specification in the mouse /." Access full-text from WCMC:, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1296088091&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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41

Shibata, Kenichi. "Projection patterns of corticofugal neurons associated with vibrissa movement." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/236614.

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42

Meckfessel, Matthew Harold. "Identification of Three Symbiosome Targeting Domains in the MtENOD8 Protein and Cell-to-cell MtENOD8 mRNA Movement in Nodules." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115118/.

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The model legume, Medicago truncatula, is able to enter into a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria, known as rhizobia. This relationship involves a carbon for nitrogen exchange in which the plant provides reduced carbon from photosynthesis in exchange for reduced, or “fixed” atmospheric nitrogen, which allows the plant to thrive in nitrogen depleted soils. Rhizobia infect and enter plant root organs, known as nodules, where they reside inside the plant cell in a novel organelle, known as the symbiosome where nitrogen fixation occurs. the symbiosome is enriched in plant proteins, however, little is known about the mechanisms that direct plant proteins to the symbiosome. Using the M. truncatula ENOD8 (MtENOD8) protein as a model to explore symbiosome protein targeting, 3-cis domains were identified within MtENOD8 capable of directing green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the symbiosome, including its N-terminal signal peptide (SP). the SP delivered GFP to the vacuole in the absence of nodules suggesting that symbiosome proteins share a common targeting pathway with vacuolar proteins. a time course analysis during nodulation indicated that there is a nodule specific redirection of MtENOD8-SP from the vacuole to the symbiosome in a MtNIP/LATD dependent manner. GFP expression by the MtENOD8 promoter revealed spatial discrepancy between promoter activity and protein localization. in situ localization of MtENOD8 mRNA showed localization to infected cells, where the protein is found, suggesting mRNA cell-to-cell movement. Expression of MtENOD8 in Arabidopsis showed that the SP did not direct GFP to the vacuole indicating that vacuolar targeting of MtENOD8’s SP may be legume specific. Taken together, the research presented here indicates that the MtENOD8 symbiosome protein has evolved redundant domains for targeting, which has part of a common pathway with vacuolar proteins. Observed spatial discrepancy between the MtENOD8 promoter and protein shows additional mechanisms of gene regulation through cell-to-cell mRNA movement, previously unknown in nodules.
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43

Clotworthy, Margaret. "Studies in Dictyostelium discoideum on the role of membranes in amoeboid cell movement." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613800.

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44

Kennerley, Nicola. "Investigation of cell movement and the associated cytoskeleton during chick gastrulation and somitogenesis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48801/.

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Cell migration involves dynamic and spatially regulated changes to the cytoskeleton. During avian gastrulation, cells ingress through the primitive streak. Previous characterisation of microtubule organisation during this process revealed the distribution of cells with polarised and radial arrays across different regions of the embryo. Interestingly, many cells organised into groups arranged in rosette-like structures. As the primitive streak regresses and the neural folds gather at the centre of the embryo, bands of paraxial mesoderm that lie either side of the neural tube separate into somites. As new somites form caudally, the more rostral somites undergo a process of morphogenesis. Each somite divides into two regions: the dermomyotome and the sclerotome. Little is known about the cytoskeletonduring this process. Signalling by the Wnt family of secreted proteins influences the fate of cells during early embryonic patterning, cell movement, and cell polarity, processes in which the cytoskeleton is noticeably modified. The microtubule and actin crosslinking factor-1/actin crosslinking factor-7 (MACF1/ACF7) protein has been implicated in Wnt signalling and, additionally, its regulation has been shown to be important in cell migration. This thesis concentrates on cellular dynamics and organisation (and the associated cytoskeleton) during chick gastrulation and somitogenesis. The aims of this project were to a) further characterise the cytoskeleton in cells that ingress into the avian primitive streak. b) Establish a published electroporation technique, which permits the targeting of different regions of the somite and subsequently observe cells (and their associated cytoskeleton) in real time. c) Determine the expression pattern for MACF1/ACF7 in chick. d) To ascertain if there is a direct role for canonical Wnt signalling in somitic myofibre orientation/organisation.
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45

McBride, Jared Adam. "Steady State Configurations of Cells Connected by Cadherin Sites." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6023.

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Many cells employ cadherin complexes (c-sites) on the cell membrane to attach to neighboring cells, as well as integrin complexes (i-sites) to attach to a substrate in order to accomplish cell migration. This paper analyzes a model for the motion of a group of cells connected by c-sites. We begin with two cells connected by a single c-site and analyze the resultant motion of the system. We find that the system is irrotational. We present a result for reducing the number of c-sites in a system with c-sites between pairs of cells. This greatly simplifies the general system, and provides an exact solution for the motion of a system of two cells and several c-sites.Then a method for analyzing the general cell system is presented. This method involves 0-row-sum, symmetric matrices. A few results are presented as well as conjectures made that we feel will greatly simplify such analyses. The thesis concludes with the proposal of a framework for analyzing a dynamic cell system in which stochastic processes govern the attachment and detachment of c-sites.
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46

Decker, Amanda R. "TRPM7 function in zebrafish dopaminergic neurons." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5927.

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TRPM7 (Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-like 7) is an ion channel necessary for the proper development of many cell types. Insight into the precise role of the channel in different cells has been hampered by the lethality of knocking out the gene in model organisms such as the mouse. Here I examine a zebrafish that has a loss-of-function mutation in the gene encoding Trpm7. First, I show that trpm7 is important for the function of developing dopaminergic neurons in the zebrafish. Second, I examine the interaction between trpm7 and the related gene vmat2 in order to develop a cellular mechanism of trpm7 function in presynaptic dopaminergic neurons. Finally, I investigate the necessity of the kinase and ion channel domains of trpm7 in their ability to promote pigmentation in melanophores as a model cell type. Based on the results from these experiments and observations from other researchers, I form a new hypothesis for Trpm7 function in protein sorting. These studies provide a detailed and novel analysis of the function of an ion channel that is necessary for life.
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47

Hung, Hui-Fang. "Roles of the Mother Centriole Appendage Protein Cenexin in Microtubule Organization during Cell Migration and Cell Division: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/842.

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Epithelial cells are necessary building blocks of the organs they line. Their apicalbasolateral polarity, characterized by an asymmetric distribution of cell components along their apical-basal axis, is a requirement for normal organ function. Although the centrosome, also known as the microtubule organizing center, is important in establishing cell polarity the mechanisms through which it achieves this remain unclear. It has been suggested that the centrosome influences cell polarity through microtubule cytoskeleton organization and endosome trafficking. In the first chapter of this thesis, I summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms regulating cell polarity and review evidence for the role of centrosomes in this process. In the second chapter, I examine the roles of the mother centriole appendages in cell polarity during cell migration and cell division. Interestingly, the subdistal appendages, but not the distal appendages, are essential in both processes, a role they achieve through organizing centrosomal microtubules. Depletion of subdistal appendages disrupts microtubule organization at the centrosome and hence, affects microtubule stability. These microtubule defects affect centrosome reorientation and spindle orientation during cell migration and division, respectively. In addition, depletion of subdistal appendages affects the localization and dynamics of apical polarity proteins in relation to microtubule stability and endosome recycling. Taken together, our results suggest the mother centriole subdistal appendages play an essential role in regulating cell polarity. A discussion of the significance of these results is included in chapter three.
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48

Hung, Hui-Fang. "Roles of the Mother Centriole Appendage Protein Cenexin in Microtubule Organization during Cell Migration and Cell Division: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2008. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/842.

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Epithelial cells are necessary building blocks of the organs they line. Their apicalbasolateral polarity, characterized by an asymmetric distribution of cell components along their apical-basal axis, is a requirement for normal organ function. Although the centrosome, also known as the microtubule organizing center, is important in establishing cell polarity the mechanisms through which it achieves this remain unclear. It has been suggested that the centrosome influences cell polarity through microtubule cytoskeleton organization and endosome trafficking. In the first chapter of this thesis, I summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms regulating cell polarity and review evidence for the role of centrosomes in this process. In the second chapter, I examine the roles of the mother centriole appendages in cell polarity during cell migration and cell division. Interestingly, the subdistal appendages, but not the distal appendages, are essential in both processes, a role they achieve through organizing centrosomal microtubules. Depletion of subdistal appendages disrupts microtubule organization at the centrosome and hence, affects microtubule stability. These microtubule defects affect centrosome reorientation and spindle orientation during cell migration and division, respectively. In addition, depletion of subdistal appendages affects the localization and dynamics of apical polarity proteins in relation to microtubule stability and endosome recycling. Taken together, our results suggest the mother centriole subdistal appendages play an essential role in regulating cell polarity. A discussion of the significance of these results is included in chapter three.
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49

Edsparr, Karin. "Migration of natural killer cells : matrix interaction, locomotion and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by IL-2 and chemokines /." Göteborg: Dept. of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/20450.

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50

Bredin, Cecilia G. "Studies of cell migration and matrix protease production in human lung cancer cell lines /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-969-2/.

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