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Journal articles on the topic 'Cell packing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Pottmann, Helmut, Caigui Jiang, Mathias Höbinger, Jun Wang, Philippe Bompas, and Johannes Wallner. "Cell packing structures." Computer-Aided Design 60 (March 2015): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2014.02.009.

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2

Giammona, James, and Otger Campàs. "Physical constraints on early blastomere packings." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): e1007994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007994.

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At very early embryonic stages, when embryos are composed of just a few cells, establishing the correct packing arrangements (contacts) between cells is essential for the proper development of the organism. As early as the 4-cell stage, the observed cellular packings in different species are distinct and, in many cases, differ from the equilibrium packings expected for simple adherent and deformable particles. It is unclear what are the specific roles that different physical parameters, such as the forces between blastomeres, their division times, orientation of cell division and embryonic confinement, play in the control of these packing configurations. Here we simulate the non-equilibrium dynamics of cells in early embryos and systematically study how these different parameters affect embryonic packings at the 4-cell stage. In the absence of embryo confinement, we find that cellular packings are not robust, with multiple packing configurations simultaneously possible and very sensitive to parameter changes. Our results indicate that the geometry of the embryo confinement determines the packing configurations at the 4-cell stage, removing degeneracy in the possible packing configurations and overriding division rules in most cases. Overall, these results indicate that physical confinement of the embryo is essential to robustly specify proper cellular arrangements at very early developmental stages.

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3

INOKE, Misao, Masanori MOTEGI, Shinichiro OKAMOTO, Masaru SAIKI, and Ippei TSUNODA. "HDD packing cell simulation." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2002.15 (2002): 793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2002.15.793.

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4

Szirmai, Jenő. "Horoball packings related to the 4-dimensional hyperbolic 24 cell honeycomb {3,4,3,4}." Filomat 32, no. 1 (2018): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1801087s.

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In this paper we study the horoball packings related to the hyperbolic 24 cell honeycomb by Coxeter-Schl?fli symbol {3,4,3,4} in the extended hyperbolic 4-spaceH 4 where we allow horoballs in different types centered at the various vertices of the 24 cell. Introducing the notion of the generalized polyhedral density function, we determine the locally densest horoball packing arrangement and its density with respect to the above regular tiling. The maximal density is ? 0:71645 which is equal to the known greatest horoball packing density in hyperbolic 4-space, given in [13].

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5

Ma, D., K. Amonlirdviman, R. L. Raffard, A. Abate, C. J. Tomlin, and J. D. Axelrod. "Cell packing influences planar cell polarity signaling." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 48 (November 20, 2008): 18800–18805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0808868105.

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6

Short, Ben. "Cell packing comes under the lens." Journal of Cell Biology 186, no. 6 (September 14, 2009): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.1866iti3.

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7

Short, Ben. "Insulin sends SEC16A packing." Journal of Cell Biology 214, no. 1 (June 27, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.2141if.

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8

Kocgozlu, Leyla, Thuan Beng Saw, Anh Phuong Le, Ivan Yow, Murat Shagirov, Eunice Wong, René-Marc Mège, Chwee Teck Lim, Yusuke Toyama, and Benoit Ladoux. "Epithelial Cell Packing Induces Distinct Modes of Cell Extrusions." Current Biology 26, no. 21 (November 2016): 2942–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.057.

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9

Wang, Li Fei, Guang Sheng Huang, Ding Kai Liu, Fu Sheng Pan, and Maurizio Vedani. "Forming of the Battery Cell Packing in Extruded AZ31 Magnesium Alloys through Backward Extrusion." Materials Science Forum 816 (April 2015): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.816.492.

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Mg batteries have received increasing attention mainly because of their high volumetric capacity (3832 mAhcm−3). In order to form type NO.5 cell packing for Magnesium battery the finite element simulation by Deform 3D was carried out. Then backward extrusion was conducted on an AZ31 magnesium alloy at 300°C. The results show that battery cell packing with the wall of 0.35 mm can be formed through backward extrusion with an AZ31 Mg alloys. A significant grain size refining was resulted from hot BE, however, the microstructure in different positions of the Mg cell packing was inhomogeneous. At bottom of the packing, the microstructure was formed by equiaxial and relatively coarse grains. The wall of the Mg cell packing was made of much finer grains.

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10

Sabio, H., T. Jeraldo, V. C. McKie, and K. M. McKie. "Erythrocyte centrifugal packing in sickle cell anemia." Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation 13, no. 4 (1993): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ch-1993-13411.

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11

Trulsson, Martin. "Rheology and shear jamming of frictional ellipses." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 849 (June 26, 2018): 718–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.420.

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Understanding and predicting dense granular flows is of importance in geology and industrial applications. Still, most theoretical work has been limited to flows and packings composed of discs or spheres, a narrow subset of all possible packings. To advance our understanding of more realistic flows we here study the granular rheology of ellipses in steady-state flow with a focus on the effects of elongation and interparticle friction. We carry out novel numerical simulations of amorphous granular flows in a shear cell under confining pressure, at constant shear rate and at various aspect ratios. Both frictionless and frictional particles are considered. The various rheological curves follow the semi-empirical constitutive relations previously found for granular flows composed of discs or spheres. At the shear jamming point one finds well-defined packings, all characterised by their own set of critical parameters such as critical packing fraction, effective friction, etc. Packings composed of frictionless or almost frictionless particles are found to have a non-monotonic dependence of the macroscopic friction but a monotonic increase in packing fraction as the aspect ratio increases. For packings composed of particles with high interparticle friction the reverse is found. While frictionless packings are found to be hypostatic (except in the disc limit) frictional packings are remarkably close to the isostaticity point of having three contacts per particle. Both frictional and frictionless packings are found to have an increasing nematic ordering as the aspect ratio increases. The onset of a rolling, rather than sliding, motion between very frictional particles diminish this nematic ordering substantially. These findings put new and previously unknown bounds on the packing ratios and yield criteria for these amorphous packings at shear jamming.

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12

Pidcock, Elna, and W. D. Sam Motherwell. "Distribution of molecular centres in unit cells with respect to packing patterns." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 60, no. 5 (September 15, 2004): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768104016611.

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Packing patterns, a new description of the limited number of possible arrangements of molecular building blocks in a unit cell, were assigned to many thousands of structures belonging to the space groups P21/c, P\bar 1, P212121, P21 and C2/c [Pidcock & Motherwell (2004). Cryst. Growth. Des. 4, 611–620]. The position of the molecular centre (in fractional coordinates) in the unit cell for these structures has been surveyed, with respect to the space group and the packing pattern. The results clearly show that the position at which the molecular centre is found in the unit cell is correlated with the packing pattern. The relationships between the orientation of the packing pattern in the unit cell and the symmetry operators of the space group are explored. Popular orientations of packing patterns within the unit cell are given.

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13

Pidcock, Elna, and W. D. Sam Motherwell. "Parameterization of the close packing of molecules in the unit cell." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 60, no. 6 (November 11, 2004): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768104022128.

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The box model of crystal packing describes unit cells in terms of a limited number of arrangements, or packing patterns, of molecular building blocks. Cell dimensions have been shown to relate to molecular dimensions in a systematic way. The distributions of pattern coefficients (cell length/molecular dimension) for thousands of structures belonging to P21/c, P\bar 1, P212121, P21 and C2/c are presented and are shown to be entirely consistent with the box model of crystal packing. Contributions to the form of the histograms from molecular orientation and molecular overlap are discussed. Gaussian fitting of the histograms has led to the parameterization of close packing within the unit cell and it is shown that molecular crystal structures are very similar to one another at a fundamental level.

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14

Molnár, Emil, and Jenő Szirmai. "Top dense hyperbolic ball packings and coverings for complete coxeter orthoscheme groups." Publications de l'Institut Math?matique (Belgrade) 103, no. 117 (2018): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pim1817129m.

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In n-dimensional hyperbolic space Hn (n > 2), there are three types of spheres (balls): the sphere, horosphere and hypersphere. If n = 2, 3 we know a universal upper bound of the ball packing densities, where each ball?s volume is related to the volume of the corresponding Dirichlet-Voronoi (D-V) cell. E.g., in H3 a densest (not unique) horoball packing is derived from the {3,3,6} Coxeter tiling consisting of ideal regular simplices T? reg with dihedral angles ?/3. The density of this packing is ??3 ? 0.85328 and this provides a very rough upper bound for the ball packing densities as well. However, there are no ?essential" results regarding the ?classical" ball packings with congruent balls, and for ball coverings either. The goal of this paper is to find the extremal ball arrangements in H3 with ?classical balls". We consider only periodic congruent ball arrangements (for simplicity) related to the generalized, so-called complete Coxeter orthoschemes and their extended groups. In Theorems 1.1 and 1.2 we formulate also conjectures for the densest ball packing with density 0.77147... and the loosest ball covering with density 1.36893..., respectively. Both are related with the extended Coxeter group (5,3,5) and the so-called hyperbolic football manifold. These facts can have important relations with fullerenes in crystallography.

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15

Xu, Jie, Tao Wu, Jianwei Zhang, Hao Chen, Wei Sun, and Chuang Peng. "Microstructure Measurement and Microgeometric Packing Characterization of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Defects." Cellular Polymers 36, no. 4 (July 2017): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248931703600402.

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Streak and blister cell defects pose extensive surface problems for rigid polyurethane foams. In this study, these morphological anomalies were visually inspected using 2D optical techniques, and the cell microstructural coefficients including degree of anisotropy cell circumdiameter, and the volumetric isoperimetric quotient were calculated from the observations. A geometric regular polyhedron approximation method was developed based on relative density equations, in order to characterize the packing structures of both normal and anomalous cells. The reversely calculated cell volume constant, Cc, from polyhedron geometric voxels was compared with the empirical polyhedron cell volume value, Ch. The geometric relationship between actual cells and approximated polyhedrons was characterized by the defined volumetric isoperimetric quotient. Binary packing structures were derived from deviation comparisons between the two cell volume constants, and the assumed partial relative density ratios of the two individual packing polyhedrons. The modelling results show that normal cells have a similar packing to the Weaire-Phelan model, while anomalous cells have a dodecahedron/icosidodecahedron binary packing.

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16

Abrams, Charles S. "Packing platelets to go." Blood 106, no. 13 (December 15, 2005): 4019–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-09-3876.

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17

Wu, Zhuo, and Jin Tao Liu. "Research on Automatic Packing Machine’s Manipulator of Amorphous Silicon." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 946–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.946.

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Automation of the domestic existing amorphous silicon solar cell production lines has been already realized but packing is still achieved by artificial. So labor intensity is serious and the cost is high. In order to overcome these problems, through the analysis of the packing process, a kind of automatic packing machine is designed. As the most important part of automatic packing machine, automatic packing manipulator, driven by servo motor and cylinder and controlled by PLC, uses electromechanical integration technology to complete cell steering and into the box so as to save manpower and reduce the production cost.

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18

Farhadifar, Reza, Jens-Christian Röper, Benoit Aigouy, Suzanne Eaton, and Frank Jülicher. "The Influence of Cell Mechanics, Cell-Cell Interactions, and Proliferation on Epithelial Packing." Current Biology 17, no. 24 (December 2007): 2095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.049.

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19

Ren, Tanchen, Wolfgang Steiger, Pu Chen, Aleksandr Ovsianikov, and Utkan Demirci. "Enhancing cell packing in buckyballs by acoustofluidic activation." Biofabrication 12, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 025033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ab76d9.

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20

Almarza, N. G. "Hexagonal close-packing structure on a cubic cell." Journal of Chemical Physics 123, no. 5 (August 2005): 056101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1997138.

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21

Lovinger, Andrew J., Bernard Lotz, and Don D. Davis. "Interchain packing and unit cell of syndiotactic polypropylene." Polymer 31, no. 12 (December 1990): 2253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(90)90310-u.

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22

Antreich, Sebastian J., Nannan Xiao, Jessica C. Huss, Nils Horbelt, Michaela Eder, Richard Weinkamer, and Notburga Gierlinger. "Interlocked Cell Packing: The Puzzle of the Walnut Shell: A Novel Cell Type with Interlocked Packing (Adv. Sci. 16/2019)." Advanced Science 6, no. 16 (August 2019): 1970093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.201970093.

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23

Nowak, Roberta B., Robert S. Fischer, Rebecca K. Zoltoski, Jerome R. Kuszak, and Velia M. Fowler. "Tropomodulin1 is required for membrane skeleton organization and hexagonal geometry of fiber cells in the mouse lens." Journal of Cell Biology 186, no. 6 (September 14, 2009): 915–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200905065.

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Hexagonal packing geometry is a hallmark of close-packed epithelial cells in metazoans. Here, we used fiber cells of the vertebrate eye lens as a model system to determine how the membrane skeleton controls hexagonal packing of post-mitotic cells. The membrane skeleton consists of spectrin tetramers linked to actin filaments (F-actin), which are capped by tropomodulin1 (Tmod1) and stabilized by tropomyosin (TM). In mouse lenses lacking Tmod1, initial fiber cell morphogenesis is normal, but fiber cell hexagonal shapes and packing geometry are not maintained as fiber cells mature. Absence of Tmod1 leads to decreased γTM levels, loss of F-actin from membranes, and disrupted distribution of β2-spectrin along fiber cell membranes. Regular interlocking membrane protrusions on fiber cells are replaced by irregularly spaced and misshapen protrusions. We conclude that Tmod1 and γTM regulation of F-actin stability on fiber cell membranes is critical for the long-range connectivity of the spectrin–actin network, which functions to maintain regular fiber cell hexagonal morphology and packing geometry.

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24

Sullivan, Timothy. "Cell Shape and Surface Colonisation in the Diatom Genus Cocconeis—An Opportunity to Explore Bio-Inspired Shape Packing?" Biomimetics 4, no. 2 (March 31, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics4020029.

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Optimal packing of 2 and 3-D shapes in confined spaces has long been of practical and theoretical interest, particularly as it has been discovered that rotatable ellipses (or ellipsoids in the 3-D case) can, for example, have higher packing densities than disks (or spheres in the 3-D case). Benthic diatoms, particularly those of the genus Cocconeis (Ehr.)—which are widely regarded as prolific colonisers of immersed surfaces—often have a flattened (adnate) cell shape and an approximately elliptical outline or “footprint” that allows them to closely contact the substratum. Adoption of this shape may give these cells a number of advantages as they colonise surfaces, such as a higher packing fraction for colonies on a surface for more efficient use of limited space, or an increased contact between individual cells when cell abundances are high, enabling the cells to minimize energy use and maximize packing (and biofilm) stability on a surface. Here, the outline shapes of individual diatom cells are measured using scanning electron and epifluorescence microscopy to discover if the average cell shape compares favourably with those predicted by theoretical modelling of efficient 2-D ellipse packing. It is found that the aspect ratio of measured cells in close association in a biofilm—which are broadly elliptical in shape—do indeed fall within the range theoretically predicted for optimal packing, but that the shape of individual diatoms also differ subtly from that of a true ellipse. The significance of these differences for optimal packing of 2-D shapes on surfaces is not understood at present, but may represent an opportunity to further explore bio-inspired design shapes for the optimal packing of shapes on surfaces.

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25

Yamashita, Satoshi, and Tatsuo Michiue. "Boundary propagation of planar cell polarity is robust against cell packing pattern." Journal of Theoretical Biology 410 (December 2016): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.09.011.

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26

Hallett, Ian C., Elspeth A. Macrae, and Teresa F. Wegrzyn. "Changes in Kiwifruit Cell Wall Ultrastructure and Cell Packing During Postharvest Ripening." International Journal of Plant Sciences 153, no. 1 (March 1992): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/297006.

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27

Flaumenhaft, Robert. "Platelet proteoglycans packing it in." Blood 111, no. 7 (April 1, 2008): 3308–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-01-131870.

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28

Therien, Alex G., and Charles M. Deber. "Interhelical Packing in Detergent Micelles." Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, no. 8 (December 17, 2001): 6067–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m110264200.

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29

Krey, Jocelyn F., Evan S. Krystofiak, Rachel A. Dumont, Sarath Vijayakumar, Dongseok Choi, Francisco Rivero, Bechara Kachar, Sherri M. Jones, and Peter G. Barr-Gillespie. "Plastin 1 widens stereocilia by transforming actin filament packing from hexagonal to liquid." Journal of Cell Biology 215, no. 4 (November 3, 2016): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201606036.

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With their essential role in inner ear function, stereocilia of sensory hair cells demonstrate the importance of cellular actin protrusions. Actin packing in stereocilia is mediated by cross-linkers of the plastin, fascin, and espin families. Although mice lacking espin (ESPN) have no vestibular or auditory function, we found that mice that either lacked plastin 1 (PLS1) or had nonfunctional fascin 2 (FSCN2) had reduced inner ear function, with double-mutant mice most strongly affected. Targeted mass spectrometry indicated that PLS1 was the most abundant cross-linker in vestibular stereocilia and the second most abundant protein overall; ESPN only accounted for ∼15% of the total cross-linkers in bundles. Mouse utricle stereocilia lacking PLS1 were shorter and thinner than wild-type stereocilia. Surprisingly, although wild-type stereocilia had random liquid packing of their actin filaments, stereocilia lacking PLS1 had orderly hexagonal packing. Although all three cross-linkers are required for stereocilia structure and function, PLS1 biases actin toward liquid packing, which allows stereocilia to grow to a greater diameter.

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30

SUGIMURA, Kaoru, and Shuji ISHIHARA. "Anisotropic Tissue Stress Promotes Ordering in Hexagonal Cell Packing." Seibutsu Butsuri 55, no. 4 (2015): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.55.210.

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31

To, Long T., and Zbigniew H. Stachurski. "Random close packing of spheres in a round cell." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 333, no. 2 (February 2004): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.09.041.

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32

Lemke, Sandra B., and Celeste M. Nelson. "Dynamic changes in epithelial cell packing during tissue morphogenesis." Current Biology 31, no. 18 (September 2021): R1098—R1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.078.

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33

Fajkus, Jiří, and Edward N. Trifonov. "Columnar Packing of Telomeric Nucleosomes." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 280, no. 4 (February 2001): 961–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.4208.

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34

Badarayani, Pravin, Patrick Richard, Bogdan Cazacliu, Riccardo Artoni, and Erdin Ibraim. "A numerical and experimental study of sand-rubber mixtures subjected to oedometric compression." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 14010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199214010.

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The stockpiling of waste tires at landfill sites has become a nuisance for the society. One of the alternatives could be converting the recycled rubber into powdered form and mixing it with soil to use it as the backfill of the retaining structures. This paper is based on the study of such sand-rubber mixtures. In this work, Discrete Element (DEM) simulations were employed to study the mechanical response of sand-rubber mixtures with respect to a column of grains enclosed within a rigid cylindrical confinement, and subjected to an oedometric compression by the fixed velocity displacement of one of the horizontal walls. Further, experimental analysis was also carried out by using a uniaxial load cell to load the sand-rubber mixtures under compression. Different initial packings of sand-rubber mixture were prepared by varying: (a) the packing volume fraction and (b) the volume fraction of rubber. The mechanical response at small strains was studied for these sand-rubber packings. The mixture behavior was observed to be more sand-dominant or rubber-dominant depending on the rubber fraction and the mixture quality. Moreover, variation in the initial volume fraction of the packing also caused a difference in the load bearing of the packings for a given strain and a given rubber fraction.

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35

Classen, Anne-Kathrin, Kurt I. Anderson, Eric Marois, and Suzanne Eaton. "Hexagonal Packing of Drosophila Wing Epithelial Cells by the Planar Cell Polarity Pathway." Developmental Cell 9, no. 6 (December 2005): 805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2005.10.016.

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36

Pidcock, Elna. "Spatial arrangement of molecules in homomolecular Z' = 2 structures." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 62, no. 2 (March 15, 2006): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768106000450.

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The Box Model of crystal packing describes unit cells in terms of a limited number of arrangements of molecular building blocks. An analysis of Z′ ≤ 1 structures has shown that cell dimensions are related to molecular dimensions in a systematic way and that the spatial arrangement of molecules in crystal structures is very similar, irrespective of Z or space group. In this paper it is shown that the spatial arrangement of molecules in Z′ = 2 structures are, within the context of the Box Model, very similar to that found for Z′ ≤ 1 structures. The absence of crystallographic symmetry does not appear to affect correlations between molecular dimensions and cell dimensions, or between the packing patterns and the positions of molecules in the unit cell, established from the analysis of Z′ ≤ 1 structures. The preference shown by Z′ = 2 structures for low surface-area packing patterns and the observation that strong energetic interactions are most often found between the large faces of the independent molecules reaffirms the importance of molecular shape in crystal packing.

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37

Madden, T. L., and J. Herzfeld. "Crowding-induced organization of cytoskeletal elements: II. Dissolution of spontaneously formed filament bundles by capping proteins." Journal of Cell Biology 126, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.126.1.169.

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Through calculations of molecular packing constraints in crowded solutions, we have previously shown that dispersions of filament forming proteins and soluble proteins can be unstable at physiological concentrations, such that tight bundles of filaments are formed spontaneously, in the absence of any accessory binding proteins. Here we consider the modulation of this phenomenon by capping proteins. The theory predicts that, by shortening the average filament length, capping alleviates the packing problem. As a result, the dispersed isotropic solution is stable over an expanded range of compositions.

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38

Mekus, Zachary, Jessica Cooley, Aaron George, Victoria Sabo, Morgan Strzegowski, Michelle Starz-Gaiano, and Bradford E. Peercy. "Effects of cell packing on chemoattractant distribution within a tissue." AIMS Biophysics 5, no. 1 (2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2018.1.1.

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39

Wess, T. J., A. Hammersley, L. Wess, and A. Miller. "Type I collagen packing, conformation of the triclinic unit cell." Journal of Molecular Biology 248, no. 2 (January 1995): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2836(95)80065-4.

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40

Honda, Hisao, Masaharu Tanemura, and Shuhei Imayama. "Spontaneous Architectural Organization of Mammalian Epidermis from Random Cell Packing." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 106, no. 2 (February 1996): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12342964.

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41

Levitan, Irena. "Paradoxical impact of cholesterol on lipid packing and cell stiffness." Frontiers in Bioscience 21, no. 6 (2016): 1245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/4454.

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42

Pegg, D. E., A. R. Hayes, and M. P. Diaper. "The mechanism of the packing effect in red-cell freezing." Cryobiology 22, no. 6 (December 1985): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2240(85)90046-x.

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43

Lopez-Sanchez, Patricia, Vishmai Chapara, Stephan Schumm, and Robert Farr. "Shear Elastic Deformation and Particle Packing in Plant Cell Dispersions." Food Biophysics 7, no. 1 (October 5, 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11483-011-9237-9.

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44

Hu, Jun Sheng, Jia Li Dong, Ying Wang, Lei Guan, and Ying Yong Duan. "Hydroquinone Wastewater Treatment by Means of Electrochemical Oxidation in Three-Dimensional Bipolar Cell." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2539.

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By the static experiment, we studied the electrochemical oxidation process of simulated hydroquinone wastewater (concentration for 300mg•L-1) in the three-dimensional cell. Experimental inspected how various factors of the packing quality ratio, electrolysis voltage, supporting electrolyte concentration, and the initial pH value influence the effect of the removal of hydroquinone and CODCr. The results of the experiment clearly indicated with the increase of voltage applied the removal rate of hydroquinone and CODCr increased first and then decreased, finally and increased again. In the weak alkali conditions (pH=8.5), the removal rate of hydroquinone and CODCr is the highest, Electrolyte concentration and packing quality ratio to the effect of hydroquinone by electrochemical degradation is the larger. The results of the single factor analysis show that the most suitable processing conditions of simulated hydroquinone wastewater by bipolar electrocatalysis oxidation are the Na2SO4 concentration of 0.03mol•L-1, the electrolytic voltage of 6V, the initial pH value of 8.5, the packing quality ratio of 1:2. With this condition processing 3h, the removal rate of hydroquinone and CODCr reached 83.96% and 39.9%, respectively.

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Li, Yu, and Jordan S. Orange. "Degranulation enhances presynaptic membrane packing, which protects NK cells from perforin-mediated autolysis." PLOS Biology 19, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): e3001328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001328.

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Natural killer (NK) cells kill a target cell by secreting perforin into the lytic immunological synapse, a specialized interface formed between the NK cell and its target. Perforin creates pores in target cell membranes allowing delivery of proapoptotic enzymes. Despite the fact that secreted perforin is in close range to both the NK and target cell membranes, the NK cell typically survives while the target cell does not. How NK cells preferentially avoid death during the secretion of perforin via the degranulation of their perforin-containing organelles (lytic granules) is perplexing. Here, we demonstrate that NK cells are protected from perforin-mediated autolysis by densely packed and highly ordered presynaptic lipid membranes, which increase packing upon synapse formation. When treated with 7-ketocholesterol, lipid packing is reduced in NK cells making them susceptible to perforin-mediated lysis after degranulation. Using high-resolution imaging and lipidomics, we identified lytic granules themselves as having endogenously densely packed lipid membranes. During degranulation, lytic granule–cell membrane fusion thereby further augments presynaptic membrane packing, enhancing membrane protection at the specific sites where NK cells would face maximum concentrations of secreted perforin. Additionally, we found that an aggressive breast cancer cell line is perforin resistant and evades NK cell–mediated killing owing to a densely packed postsynaptic membrane. By disrupting membrane packing, these cells were switched to an NK-susceptible state, which could suggest strategies for improving cytotoxic cell-based cancer therapies. Thus, lipid membranes serve an unexpected role in NK cell functionality protecting them from autolysis, while degranulation allows for the inherent lytic granule membrane properties to create local ordered lipid “shields” against self-destruction.

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Fernández, Ariel. "Packing defects functionalize soluble proteins." FEBS Letters 589, no. 9 (March 13, 2015): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2015.03.002.

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Crosio, Marie-Pierre, Francis Rodier, and Magali Jullien. "Packing forces in ribonuclease crystals." FEBS Letters 271, no. 1-2 (October 1, 1990): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(90)80395-y.

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Audus, K. L., M. R. Tavakoli-Saberi, H. Zheng, and E. N. Boyce. "Chlorhexidine Effects on Membrane Lipid Domains of Human Buccal Epithelial Cells." Journal of Dental Research 71, no. 6 (June 1992): 1298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345920710060601.

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The effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on the adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells (BEC) and drug-induced alterations in BEC membrane-lipid packing order were examined. Treatment of BEC with attached yeasts with 0.1 and 0.2% chlorhexidine resulted in significant yeast detachment after 90 and 60 min, respectively. Following pre-treatment of BEC with > 0.1% chlorhexidine, yeast adherence was inhibited by > 80%. In parallel experiments, the fluorescence anisotropy of BEC labeled with fluorescent membrane probes-diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and trimethylammonium DPH-was assessed following exposure to chlorhexidine. The fluorescence anisotropy decreased with increasing concentrations of chlorhexidine, which indicated that the drug decreased epithelial-cell membrane-lipid packing order. Chlorhexidine concentrations that altered epithelial-cell membrane-lipid packing order, particularly in superficial regions, were similar to those drug concentrations required for detachment of adherent yeasts. Similar results were obtained with a second antifungal, nystatin A. While the effects of chlorhexidine on the buccal-cell membrane-lipid packing order were not reversed by multiple washings, the opposite situation occurred with nystatin A. The results suggest that chlorhexidine-induced alterations ofBEC membrane-lipid order may be involved in the antifungal actions of the drug.

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RAVEN, MARY A., STEPHANIE B. STAGG, and BENJAMIN E. REESE. "Regularity and packing of the horizontal cell mosaic in different strains of mice." Visual Neuroscience 22, no. 4 (July 2005): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523805224070.

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The present study describes the relationships between mosaic regularity, intercellular spacing, and packing of horizontal cells across a two-fold variation in horizontal cell density in four strains of mice. We have tested the prediction that mosaic patterning is held constant across variation in density following our recent demonstration that intercellular spacing declines as density increases, by further examination of that dataset: Nearest-neighbor and Voronoi-domain analyses were conducted on multiple fields of horizontal cells from each strain, from which their respective regularity indices were calculated. Autocorrelation analysis was performed on each field, from which the density recovery profile was generated, and effective radius and packing factor were calculated. The regularity indexes showed negative correlations with density rather than being held constant, suggesting that the strong negative correlation between intercellular spacing and density exceeded that required to produce a simple scaling of the mosaic. This was confirmed by the negative correlation between packing factor and density. These results demonstrate that the variation in the patterning present in the population of horizontal cells across these strains is a consequence of epigenetic mechanisms controlling intercellular spacing as a function of density.

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Corney, David C., and Hilary A. Coller. "On form and function: does chromatin packing regulate the cell cycle?" Physiological Genomics 46, no. 6 (March 15, 2014): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00002.2014.

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The Systems Biology of Cell State Regulation Section is dedicated to considering how we can define a cellular state and how cells transition between states. One important decision that a cell makes is whether to cycle, that is, replicate DNA and generate daughter cells, or to exit the cell cycle in a reversible manner. The members of the Systems Biology of Cell State Regulation Editorial Board have an interest in the role of epigenetics and the commitment to a dividing or nondividing state. The ability of cells to transition between proliferating and nonproliferating states is essential for the proper formation of tissues. The ability to enter the cell cycle when needed is necessary for complex multicellular processes, such as healing injuries or mounting an immune response. Cells that fail to quiesce properly can contribute to the formation of tumors. In this perspective piece, we focus on research exploring the relationship between epigenetics and the cell cycle.

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