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Blais, Debbie Lin Marie. "Becoming an islet cell allotransplant recipient." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21258.pdf.
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Jansson, Monika. "Detection of donor cells in recipient tissues after stem cell transplantation using FISH and immunophenotypi Stem cell transplantationng /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-222-4/.
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Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya. "Recipient DCs presenting intact and processed MHC alloantigen mediate CD8⁸ T-cell responses." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609327.
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Lee, Joon. "The effects of adult progenitor cell transplantation on recipient cardiomyocyte excitation-contraction coupling." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/4250.
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Cell transplantation is a promising strategy for treating heart failure but the mechanisms effecting functional improvements remain unknown. The hypothesis that cell transplantation influences the contractile properties and excitation-contraction (EC) coupling of recipient cardiomyocytes by paracrine mechanisms was tested. Adult rats underwent myocardial infarction and subsequently developed chronic heart failure. They then received intra-myocardial injections of either skeletal myoblasts or bone marrow mononuclear cells which were harvested from transgenic rats constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein. Four weeks after injection, both cell types increased ejection fraction and reduced cardiomyocyte size. Isolated cardiomyocytes emitted low levels of green fluorescence, indicating that they originated from the recipient heart. The cardiomyocytes were then studied using sarcomere length measurements, indo-1 fluorescence and whole-cell patch-clamping techniques. Injection of either bone marrow cells or skeletal myoblasts normalized the impaired contractile performance and the prolonged time-to-peak of the Ca2+ transients that were observed in failing cardiomyocytes. The smaller and slower L-type Ca2+ current observed in heart failure returned to normal values after skeletal myoblast, but not bone marrow mononuclear cell, transplantation. Analysis of Ca2+ sparks in isolated cardiomyocytes using confocal microscopy revealed that SR Ca2+ leak had increased in failing cardiomyocytes, but was normalized by skeletal myoblast transplantation. In order to test the hypothesis that these effects observed in vivo are mediated by paracrine substances secreted from the transplanted cells further experiments were performed. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from failing hearts and cultured for 48 hours. Co-culturing with either skeletal myoblasts or bone marrow mononuclear cells during this period improved cardiomyocyte contraction and Ca2+ handling. This effect was maintained even when the different cell populations were mechanically separated by means of a porous membrane, demonstrating that cell-to-cell contact was not required and that soluble substances mediated the effect. Analysis of the supernates obtained from these co-culture experiments identified four candidate substances as possible mediators, but confirmation of their importance requires further experimental investigation. In addition to the work described above, experiments were performed during the preparation of the whole-cell patch-clamping system. The system was tested by measuring the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger current densities in cardiomyocytes isolated from normal rat hearts. Using this system the acute effects of various -adrenergic agonists was assessed. The results obtained from this separate study are presented in Chapter 6.
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Beattie, Sara Margaret. "The Psychosocial Impact of Being a Caregiver and a Care Recipient During a Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31443.
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Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a demanding cancer treatment for HSCT recipients and their caregivers. The thesis objectives were to (a) critically review the literature evaluating the psychosocial impact of being a caregiver to a HSCT patient; (b) evaluate a conceptual framework to examine the individual and dyadic experience of HSCT patients and their caregivers; and (c) gain a better understanding of how couples navigate the HSCT.
Study 1 was a comprehensive literature review that demonstrated that caregiver distress is highest pre-HSCT and predictors of caregiver distress include female gender, elevated subjective burden, and higher patient symptom distress. This study also highlighted the need for theoretically driven research that examines reciprocal relationships between HSCT dyads.
Study 2 proposed a conceptual model based on equity theory to examine the individual and dyadic experience of HSCT dyads that includes feelings of inequity, patient self-perceived burden (SPB), caregiver burden and distress. A cohort study with 72 HSCT patient-spousal caregiver dyads was conducted pre-HSCT. Questionnaire data was subjected to path analysis. Consistent with the model, pre-HSCT caregiver burden mediated the relationship between caregiver underbenefit and caregiver distress. Patient overbenefit was related to patient SPB, patient distress, and caregiver burden. Overall, the theoretical framework appeared to describe patient and caregivers individual experience of distress pre-HSCT, but did not as clearly encompass the dyadic experience of distress.
Study 3 was a qualitative study of patient-caregiver dyads to gain insight on how some successfully navigate, whereas others have difficulties. One year post-HSCT five patient-caregiver dyads were interviewed separately (N =10). Five themes emerged. While all couples adopted patient and caregiver roles, four demonstrated effective adaptation whereas one couple experienced difficulties. Ongoing physical limitations, lack of mutual empathy and relational awareness, limited social support, and poor communication were associated with difficulty adjusting to the HSCT.
This thesis provides a greater appreciation of the psychosocial challenges the patients and caregivers are experiencing and highlights that the experience of HSCT recipients and caregivers is unique and intertwined. Importantly, this thesis identifies current knowledge gaps in care of HSCT dyad, discusses its clinical implications and suggests avenues for future research.
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Oviedo, Victoria Rossmary Santacruz. "Produção de tomate em função da idade da muda e volume do recipiente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-04042008-142551/.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar as mudas e a produção de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), tipo italiano \'Netuno\', no campo desenvolvidas em diferentes tipos de volume de recipiente com a combinação de varias idades de transplante foi conduzido este experimento no Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Escola Superior de Agricultura ¨Luiz de Queiroz\", Universidade de São Paulo, no município de Piracicaba - Estado de São Paulo, entre abril a agosto de 2005. Foram utilizadas bandejas de 72, 128, 288 e 450 células, com volumes celulares de 121,2; 34,6; 12,0 e 14,0 cm3 respectivamente. As idades de avaliação foram aos 19, 24, 29 e 34 dias após a semeadura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial de 4 x 4. Um dos fatores foi representado pelas diferentes bandejas, e o segundo fator, pelas diferentes idades de avaliação. Na produção de mudas foram avaliadas, número de folhas, área foliar, altura da muda, massa fresca e seca de parte aérea e raiz e qualidade visual das mudas. Logo após o transplante foram avaliadas características de desenvolvimento vegetativo: área foliar, número de folhas, altura das plantas, diâmetro da haste, massa fresca de folhas e raiz e qualidade visual das plantas. Posteriormente durante a colheita foram avaliadas características de produção; precocidade, massa e número comercial de frutos, massa e número total de frutos. Também foi realizada a seleção dos frutos em pequenos, médios e grandes. Na comparação entre os tratamentos foram observadas algumas diferenças em algumas características. Os volumes maiores apresentaram melhor qualidade de mudas (121,2 e 34,6 cm³) e os volumes menores apresentaram mudas estioladas, raquíticas, desuniformes. Os volumes maiores apresentaram maior área foliar, massa fresca e seca de raiz. A melhor idade para o transplante foi de 24 e 29 dias para os volumes maiores, recomendando-se o volume de célula de 34,6 cm³. Com relação aos resultados de produção de frutos, não houve diferencia entre os tratamentos utilizados, porém, obteve se precocidade na colheita de frutos com volumes maiores. A muda de 24 dias teve o maior número e massa media de frutos por planta nas colheitas precoces. Número comercial e total de frutos foi maior nas idades de 19, 24 e 29 dias. As idades mais precoces e os volumes maiores apresentaram maior número e massa de frutos médios por planta. Não houve diferença para frutos grandes em todos os tratamentos estudados.<br>This study was carried out from April to August, 2005, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the cell recipient and seedlings age on the quality of transplants and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) production \'Netuno\' in open field. The treatments resulted from the combination of for tray cell sizes 121,2; 34,6; 12,0 e 14,0 cm3 and four transplanting ages (19, 24, 29 e 34 days). It done in a randomized block design ( 4 x 4 factorial). One of the factors was represented by different cell volume and the second factor was transplants age. In the transplant production was evaluated, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry leaves and root mass, seedlings quality (before production was evaluated the same vegetative characteristics) and after transplanting, the earliness, and total yield fruits (number and mass of fruits commercial fruits). The fruits were classified in small, medium and large sizes. The larger volumes (121, 2 e 34, 6 cm³) presented better quality of seedlings than of smaller one (12, 0 e 14, 0 cm³). There was etiolated, stunted, desuniformity, and the cell volume of 12,0 cm³ seedlings was yellows and small. The larger volumes presented higher fresh and dry mass. The better age for transplanting was 24 to 29 days for the larges volumes, being recommended the volume of cell of 34,6 cm³. No significant differences were observed between all treatments for fruits production, however, earliness in larger volumes was observed. Transplants with 24 days age were most productive for earliness. Commercial and total fruits number per plant increment at 19, 24 and also 29 days age. Transplants with 19, 24 days age and larger cell volumes had increased the number and mass of early fruits. The earliness age and the larger cell volume presented higher number and mass of medium fruits. There were not differences for larger fruits for all treatments.
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Kinch, Amelie. "Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders : Studies of Epstein-Barr Virus, Regulatory T Cells and Tumor Origin." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234130.
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects almost all humans and establishes lifelong latency in B cells. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare but serious complication after transplantation triggered by immunosuppression and often related to EBV infection. The aim of this thesis was to study the role of EBV in relation to clinical and histological features of PTLD, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and donor or recipient origin of PTLD. EBV surveillance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) showed that EBV reactivations were common, but that symptomatic EBV disease (including PTLD) only occurred in the high-risk group (unrelated or mismatched related grafts, reduced-intensity conditioning). A threshold of 1000 copies/ml plasma distinguished EBV disease from asymptomatic reactivations. In a population-based cohort of 135 PTLDs/lymphomas after solid organ transplantation (SOT) almost half were EBV–. EBV+ PTLDs were associated with B cell phenotype, non-germinal center subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), early-onset, graft involvement, antithymocyte globulin treatment, and younger age. EBV– PTLDs were associated with T cell phenotype, bone marrow involvement, and hepatitis C. Most PTLDs displayed few or no intratumoral Tregs with the marker FoxP3, possibly due to heavy immunosuppression. Half of both FoxP3+ and FoxP3– PTLDs were EBV+. FoxP3+ PTLDs were associated with B cell phenotype and hepatitis C. All PTLDs for which tumor origin could be determined were recipient-derived and half of them were EBV+. Eight of twelve recipient-derived graft PTLDs were disseminated outside the graft. T cell PTLD and hepatitis C were independently associated with inferior overall survival, whereas subtype of DLBCL, FoxP3-expression, and EBV-status did not influence survival. In conclusion, monitoring of EBV DNAemia in high-risk patients after allo-HSCT and pre-emptive therapy is valuable for prevention of PTLD. Use of antithymocyte globulin increases the risk for EBV+ PTLDs after allo-HSCT and SOT. With long follow-up time, a large proportion of PLTDs after SOT are EBV– with a different clinical presentation. Tregs are rare in PTLD and do not affect survival. The vast majority of PTLDs after SOT is of recipient origin. Graft PTLDs are more likely recipient-derived if disseminated. EBV-status is not associated with intratumoral Tregs or PTLD of recipient origin.
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Chakupurakal, Geothy. "Preclinical studies of adenovirus-specific T-cells for adoptive transfer to haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2883/.
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Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is the only curative treatment option for many haematological malignancies. Adenovirus (Ad) infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality post SCT. Lack of effective anti-viral treatment for Ad disease has led to the development of adoptive immunotherapy of Ad-specific T-cells as a promising therapeutic option for patients in this setting. The aim of this project was to establish preclinical criteria for the development of a clinical trial comparing two T-cell enrichment methods- multimer selection and cytokine secretion selection to enrich Ad-specific T-cells for the purposes of adoptive transfer directly without the need for in vitro culture. Eight pHLA tetramers containing HLA class I restricted Ad epitopes were generated and their ability to identify and enrich Ad-specific T-cells investigated. HLA A*01 TDL tetramer consistently detected T-cells in all (13/13) healthy adult donors screened. Frequency and enrichement of Ad-specific T-cells by cytokine secretion and selection was also investigated. Despite the low frequency of Ad-specific T-cells, clinical grade enrichment was feasible by both methods. T-cells selected by both methods were then characterised for homing and proliferative potential. Ad-specific T-cells identified by either method had a high proliferative potential, possessed a novel minimally differentiated memory phenotype, were cytotoxic towards Ad species responsible for infections in SCT recipients and capable of limiting virus replication. In conclusion, Ad-specific T-cells enriched by multimer selection or cytokine secretion selection are suitable for adoptive transfer to patients with Ad infection following HSCT. Both methods also allow the monitoring of Ad-specific immune reconstitution after adoptive transfer.
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Shindo, Takero. "Growth and differentiation advantages of CD4[+]OX40[+] T cells from allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135836.
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Tector, A. Joseph. "Discordant liver xenotransplantation in recipients with liver failure." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84439.
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Liver xenotransplantation could eliminate the liver donor shortage, but currently it is not possible because of a lack of understanding of liver xenograft rejection. Hyperacute xenograft rejection is initiated by the binding of preformed naturally occurring xenoreactive antibodies (XNA) to the xenograft endothelium. The XNA bind to the xenograft endothelium, leading to complement-mediated endothelial injury.<br>Liver xenotransplantation will be initially offered to patients with severe liver failure as a bridge to a human liver transplantation. The hypothesis tested in this thesis is that hyperacute rejection of liver xenografts placed into recipients with liver failure will be diminished because of the complement deficiency that accompanies liver failure. The experiments described in this thesis detail the development of an in vitro pig-to-human liver xenotransplant model incubating cultured pig hepatic endothelial cells (PHEC) and human serum in culture. We showed that either classical or alternative complement pathways could initiate endothelial injury. Next we developed the dog-to-pig liver xenograft model and characterized the lethal coagulopathy that results from hyperacute rejection. The coagulopathy results from the lack of function of platelets as well as their disappearance from the circulation. We then used the galactosamine induced liver injury model in porcine recipients of canine liver xenografts to demonstrate that hyperacute rejection in the setting of liver failure is diminished. We showed that; tissue injury, coagulopathy and platelet defect, and endothelial injury were diminished. Our experiments suggested that the cause of the decreased injury was the lack of complement in the pigs with galactosamine induced liver injury since the XNA levels were no different than in control animals. Our final experiments evaluated serum from patients with liver failure and compared the injury caused by incubation with PHEC. Serum from the liver failure patients had similar levels of XNA when compared with normal subjects, but had less complement activity, and less C3 and C4. Incubation of liver failure serum with PHEC caused much less injury and complement activation than serum from control subjects. The results in this thesis suggest that liver failure will have a significant impact on liver xenograft rejection, helping to diminish hyperacut
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Onions, Louise. "Immunological monitoring of the B-cell compartment in renal transplant recipients." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8969.
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B cells contribute to chronic allograft deterioration, negatively impacting graft survival, and curtailing the lifespan of a resource already in short supply. Given this, identifying alloreactive B cells could generate an important target in the battle against rejection. This study described an IgG-detecting ELISPOT used to determine if the risk of developing antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) could be predicted pretransplantation by in vitro analysis of allospecific B cells. This method failed to discriminate accurately B-cell responses to donor antigen. An alternative approach used was to detect peripheral HLA-specific B cells. Circulating HLA–A*0201 and – DQB1*0301 B cells were identified at higher frequency in sensitised patients, and this correlated with the level of serum alloantibody. Expression of HLA-DQB1*0301 B cells were at a higher frequency than HLA-A*0201 B cells in those with serum de novo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA). Next, levels of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) were investigated. Excess BAFF has been related to rejection and the development of DSA. Here elevated serum BAFF, low BAFF-receptor and DSA were all associated with deteriorating graft function. In addition intrarenal CD19+ cells, BAFF and BAFFreceptor identified with acute AMR. In contrast to a pathogenic role of B cells, a small population may be protective. The presence of regulatory B cells, defined by IL-10 production were higher in those with stable graft function, and identified with naïve B cells rather than memory B cells when compared to those with deteriorating grafts. The CD19+CD24highCD38high subset was also elevated in stable patients, and the ability to supress T-cell activation and secretion of the Th1 cell pro-inflammatory cytokine, IFN-γ was altered as a function of allograft stability. These data demonstrated characteristics within the B-cell compartment associated with stable graft function. The ability to monitor these cells may have clinical implications for predicating the risk of rejection, to dictate immunosuppressive therapy and promote allograft survival.
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Fukunaga, Akiko. "Altered Homeostasis of CD4+ Memory T cells in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Enhances T cell Differentiation and Exhausts Central Memory T Cell Pool." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124214.
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Ni, Zhichao. "Recipient c-Kit+ cells contribute to regeneration of endothelial and smooth muscle cells in allograft vessels." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/recipient-ckit-cells-contribute-to-regeneration-of-endothelial-and-smooth-muscle-cells-in-allograft-vessels(75c31054-07f1-4240-9ce8-a0ca6dda7888).html.
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Rationale: Transplantation-accelerated arteriosclerosis is one of the major challenges for long-term survival of patients with solid organ transplantation. Though stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) have been implicated to participate in this process, the origin of these SPCs and the underlying mechanisms behind their contribution to disease have not been fully defined. Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the role of c-Kit+ SPCs in allograft-induced lesion formation, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results: c-Kit+ SPCs were detected in allograft-induced neointima lesions using immunostaining. By using an inducible lineage tracing mouse model, we showed that c-Kit+ SPCs are an important source of neointimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), contributing to neointima formation in an aortic allograft transplantation model. We performed allograft transplantation between different donor and recipient mice, as well as bone marrow transplantation experiments, demonstrating that c-Kit+ SPCs-derived cells originate from non-bone marrow tissues of recipient mice, but not donor mice. ACK2, which specifically binds and blocks c-Kit function, ameliorates allograft-induced arteriosclerosis. Stem cell factor (SCF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were significantly increased in blood and neointimal lesions after allograft transplantation. C-Kit+ SPCs were harvested from grafts to investigate underlying mechanisms in vitro. Mechanistically, SCF facilitated cell migration through SCF/c-Kit axis and downstream activation of small GTPases, MEK/ERK/MLC and JNK/c-Jun signalling pathways, while VEGF induced c-Kit+ SPCs migration via AKT/FAK signalling. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that recipient non-bone marrow-derived c-Kit+ SPCs migrate to allograft lesions, differentiate into SMCs and ECs contributing to vascular remodelling in an allograft transplantation model. Mechanisms involving cell migration may provide insights into pathogenesis and treatment of vascular diseases.
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Endo, Kosuke. "Pretransplant replacement of donor liver grafts with recipient Kupffer cells attenuates liver graft rejection in rats." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199205.
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Buyck, Hubertus C. E. "Virological and immunological studies of human cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444130/.
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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common viral infection complicating stem cell transplantation, and if untreated frequently results in a fatal outcome. In order to identify the main risk factors for HCMV infection, a retrospective study of all allogeneic stem cell transplants performed over a five year period at a single centre was undertaken. The main risk factors for HCMV infection following transplantation were identified as a HCMV seropositive donor and/or recipient and in-vivo use of the monoclonal antibody, anti-CD52 (alemtuzumab). A prospective study of HCMV viral loads determined by real time PCR using a Taqman probe was undertaken, and the viral load dynamics of 57 patients were analysed. Despite the use of aciclovir prophylaxis, PCR monitoring and pre-emptive therapy, the peak viral load, viral replication rate and the total duration of viraemia remain significant risk factors for symptomatic HCMV infection. Peak viral load was the most significant predictor of time to viral clearance. A prospective longtitudinal study of the reconstitution of the HCMV specific immune response following allogeneic stem cell transplantation was performed in 20 patients using intracellular interferon gamma staining and flow cytometry. HCMV infection was associated with a significantly reduced HCMV specific CD4+ T cell response. Furthermore, in patients receiving in-vivo anti-CD52, HCMV specific CD4+ T cell immune recovery was significantly delayed. An HLA class II epitope mapping study was undertaken in stem cell transplant recipients and healthy controls using peptide pools consisting of 15 mer overlapping peptides spanning the entire amino acid sequence of the HCMV proteins, pp65 and IE1. Using intracellular cytokine detection in CD4+ T cells, a number of novel HCMV specific class II epitopes were identified. Transplant recipients responded to a broader range of epitopes than HCMV seropositive controls. These results have important implications for HCMV specific immunotherapy in allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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Ataya, Fernández Michelle 1993. "Adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells and cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671368.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) is frequent and may reduce graft and patient survival. T lymphocytes are essential to control the virus, which promotes the adaptive differentiation of NK cells characterized by CD94/NKG2C receptor expression. NKG2C+ NK cells and T lymphocytes were analyzed in a cohort of CMV seropositive KTR. Pretransplant NKG2C+ NK cells were associated with reduced incidence of symptomatic infection, and appeared unrelated with CMV-specific T cells in a parallel study, indicating that they may contribute to contain infection progression. Moreover, NKG2C+ NK cell expansions of variable magnitude developed following posttransplant infection. The data suggested that they participate in restoring the long-term CMV control, though their relative role could not be appreciated due to the overlapping effects of the infection on the T cell compartment. Combined assessment of T and NKG2C+ NK cells might allow a more precise assessment of CMV infection in KTR.<br>La infección por citomegalovirus (CMV) en el trasplante renal (TR) es frecuente, reduciendo la supervivencia de injerto y paciente. Los linfocitos T son esenciales para controlar el virus, que además promueve la diferenciación adaptativa de células NK que expresan el receptor CD94/NKG2C. Se analizaron las células NKG2C+ y los linfocitos T en una cohorte de receptores de TR CMV+. Las células NKG2C+ pre-trasplante se asociaron a una menor incidencia de infección sintomática, sin relación con los linfocitos T específicos para CMV, indicando que pueden contribuir a contener la infección. La detección en grado variable de expansiones de células NKG2C+ tras la infección post-trasplante apunta también a su participación el control del CMV, pero su papel relativo no se apreció al solaparse con cambios en los linfocitos T. El estudio conjunto de las células T y NK NKG2C+ puede contribuir a una valoración más precisa de la infección por CMV.
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Wong, Wilson. "Tolerance to allografts using recipient bone marrow cells trandsduced with a donor MHC gene." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389040.
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Ayasoufi, Katayoun. "Mechanisms of T Cell Reconstitution Following Lymphoablation in TransplantationAnd Description of a Novel Protective Role for T Cells in Epilepsy." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1481213939247414.
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Legendre, Christophe. "Identification of a leu-7+leu-3+ cell subset in long-term renal allotransplant recipients." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65388.
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Essa, Sahar Sultan. "A study on the cell mediated immunity of human cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59544/.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major complication after kidney transplantation. Despite antiviral therapy it contributes significantly to high morbidity. This study was aimed at (a) detecting· a CMV specific antigen pp65 in CMV -infected fibroblast cells and in leukocytes of kidney transplant recipients by flow cytometric assay (FCA) (b) determining the stimulation index (S.I.) of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and CMV-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), (c) determining the levels of Th1- and Th-2 related cytokines in the supernatant of stimulated PBMC from kidney transplant recipients with and without active CMV infection (d) determining immunophenotyping of cells found in the peripheral blood of CMV -infected and CMV -uninfected kidney transplant recipients by flow cytometry using antibodies specific to CD2+ (pan T), CD3+ (mature T), CD4+ (T helper), CD8+ (T suppressor), CD26+(T activated), CDI6+/CDS6+ (NK cell), CDI9+(pan B), CDIS+ (granulocytes). Thirty-five patients with, and 44 without active CMV infections, as diagnosed by a CMV antigenemia assay (AA), were inducted into this study. FCA distinguished clearly between the infected and uninfected fibroblast cells. Regarding kidney transplant recipients, the FCA was positive when the number of AA positive cells was five or more per 5x10(4). Moreover, the percentage of antigenemia-positive cells by FCA correlated well with symptomatic CMV infections. After PHA and CMV stimulation of PBMC from patients, S.I. was determined by radioactive thymidine uptake while the production of Th1-type cytokines [interleukin-2 (iL-2), interferon-y (IFN-y) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFex)] and Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-1O) were measured by ELISA. PBMC of patients with active CMV infection showed significantly lower S.I. values than patients without an ongoing CMV infection (p<O.OOO1). Levels of Th2- type cytokines in CMV -infected and uninfected kidney recipients were similar; however, the levels of the Th1-type cytokines were significantly lower in CMV -infected patients (p<O.O5). Low levels of Th1-type cytokines seem to correlate well with active CMV infection in kidney recipients. The percentage of CD3+ immunocompetent T lymphocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes were consistently higher in kidney transplant recipients without an active CMV infection than in the group of recipients with an active CMV infection. These differences were statistically significant in the case of CD3+ (p<O.O5) and CD4+ (p<O.OO5). On the other hand the difference in percentage CD2+, CD8+, CD16++CD56+, CD19+, CD15+ cells were statistically insignificant. Therefore, these data suggest that active CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients is associated with a significant alteration in the lymphocyte proliferative responses, the levels of Th1-type cytokines (IFN-y, TNF-ex, IL-2), and the percentage of CD3+, CD4+ when compared to kidney transplant recipients without active CMV infection.
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Winstone, Nicola. "Characteristics of HIV-1 specific T cell responses in healthy, HIV-1 negative vaccine recipients." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491609.
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It is estimated that there are currently 42 million individuals living today with human immunodeficiency virus-l (HIV-1) infection. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is the only treatment available to date, which reduces viral load and delays progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but adherance can be a challenge due to side effects caused by drug toxicity, its cost if medication. is not free, and the complicated regimen involved (Akileswaran, Lurie et al. 2005). Resistant mutant strains evolve after long term therapy (Vaclavikova, Weber et al. 2005). These expensive drugs are not available for social and economic reasons to 80% of infected individuals in . the developing world (UNAIDS 2004). A vaccine to this virus will probably be the most effective method of stemming the pandemic (McMichael and Hanke 2002). Correlates of protection to induce sterilizing .immunity against HIV infection, or to control viral replication and prevent transmission· during chronic infection are as yet, unknown. However an association has been observed between long term non progression to disease, and the presence of functional HIV specific T cell responses. A novel Clade A HIV-l vaccine was designed to elicit T cell responses, delivered as pTH.HIVA or MVA.HIVA and has been trialled in HIV negative humans over the last 5 years. Results of the most recent clinical trials are presented, using sensitive T cell assays optimised in this study. The longevity, functional and phenotypic properties of HIV specific T cells generated by vaccination were examined. The most immunogenic vaccine regimen was observed using a pTH.HIVA DNA prime, followed by a pox virus vectored boost. mvA specific memory T cells that produced IFN-y as measured in a cultured ELISPOT, were detectable in 50% of individuals who had received vaccine up to 3 Yz years previously. These cells expanded in culture and produced anti-viral cytokines and chemokines. Through understanding the quality of vaccine induced populations of cells with regards to potential antiviral function, we may progress towards designing a HIV vaccine and immunisation schedule that will be efficacious in stemming the global pandemic.
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Diedrich, Beatrice. "Storage and transfusion of platelets in vitro and in vivo studies in healthy volunteers and in allogeneic hematopoetic progenitor cell transplant recipients /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2009. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2009/978-91-7409-280-6/.
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Madsen, Joren Christian. "A genetic analysis of antigen-induced specific unresponsiveness using recipient cells transfected with donor MHC genes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302818.
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Ye, X., J. N. Van, F. M. Munoz, et al. "Noroviruses as a Cause of Diarrhea in Immunocompromised Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1490.
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Case reports describe significant norovirus gastroenteritis morbidity in immunocompromised patients. We evaluated norovirus pathogenesis in prospectively enrolled solid organ (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients with diarrhea who presented to Texas Children's Hospital and submitted stool for enteric testing. Noroviruses were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinical outcomes of norovirus diarrhea and non-norovirus diarrhea patients, matched by transplanted organ type, were compared. Norovirus infection was identified in 25 (22%) of 116 patients, more frequently than other enteropathogens. Fifty percent of norovirus patients experienced diarrhea lasting ≥14 days, with median duration of 12.5 days (range 1–324 days); 29% developed diarrhea recurrence. Fifty-five percent of norovirus patients were hospitalized for diarrhea, with 27% requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. One HSCT recipient developed pneumatosis intestinalis. Three HSCT patients expired ≤6 months of norovirus diarrhea onset. Compared to non-norovirus diarrhea patients, norovirus patients experienced significantly more frequent ICU admission (27% vs. 0%, p = 0.02), greater serum creatinine rise (median 0.3 vs. 0.2 mg/dL, p = 0.01), and more weight loss (median 1.6 vs. 0.6 kg, p < 0.01). Noroviruses are an important cause of diarrhea in pediatric transplant patients and are associated with significant clinical complications.
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Hölttä, Päivi. "Developmental aberrations of permanent teeth after high-dose anticancer therapy in childhood : a study on stem cell transplant recipients /." Helsinki : Helsinki University Printing House, 2005. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/hamma/vk/holtta/.
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Thesis (doctoral)--University of Helsinki, 2005.<br>At head of title: Institute of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Finland; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on World Wide Web.
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Gilfillan, Rona. "Quality of life following haematopoietic stem cell transplant among recipients aged over 50 years : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2944/.
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Background: Allogeneic Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for haematological cancers however it is a particularly aggressive treatment that can impact individuals’ quality of life (QOL) in multiple ways. Due to the toxicity of the transplant, adults aged over fifty years have only recently become eligible for this treatment following the development of a reduced intensity regimen. As a result, little is known regarding the experience of QOL among recipients aged over fifty years. QOL information is an essential part of assessing the success of medical treatments and can help prepare recipients for any ways in which their lives and those of their families may be impacted post-transplant. Method Potential participants were recruited through the Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre (BWSCC) and a purposive sample of eight participants volunteered to take part in the study. A qualitative approach, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to explore the experience of QOL among recipients. Results Four superordinate themes emerged from the data; ‘Shifting sense of self and others’, ‘Adaptation and managing the impact’, ‘A new perspective on life and living’, and ‘Changing over time’. The findings helped highlight the challenges and gains experienced by HSCT recipients as well as the process of adaptation and adjustment which mediates the impact of HSCT on QOL. Conclusions The participants in this study demonstrated that there are a number of commonalities between younger and older recipients in terms of post transplant QOL when compared to the literature on younger recipients to date. However, increased age and stage of life was also shown to have a unique impact on the subjective experience of QOL after transplant. Increased age continues to represent a significant risk factor in terms of QOL and survival post transplant. However, the findings from this study suggest that this small sample of recipients is adjusting well to the challenges of HSCT. Further research is required in this area. Limitations of this study are discussed.
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Sailer, Nadja [Verfasser], and Horst [Akademischer Betreuer] Domdey. "Generation of universal recipient cells for the testing and characterization of transgenic TCRs / Nadja Sailer ; Betreuer: Horst Domdey." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/122935011X/34.
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Hölttä, Päivi Alvesalo Lassi. "Developmental aberrations of permanent teeth after high-dose anticancer therapy in childhood a study on stem cell transplant recipients /." Helsinki : Helsinki University Printing House, 2005. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/hamma/vk/holtta/developm.pdf.
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Academic dissertation : University of Helsinki : 2005.<br>Textes et résumés en anglais. Pagination multiple pour les articles publiés en annexe. Bibiogr. p. 107-119. Bibliogr. à la suite des articles.
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Bottomley, Matthew. "The utilisation of biomarkers of a reduced immune response to predict squamous cell carcinoma in long-term renal transplant recipients." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d988920-72f9-49d7-bb0c-217838798ce1.
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Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy in renal transplant recipients (RTR) with an incidence up to 250 times that of the general population. SCC is frequently recurrent and more aggressive than in non-transplant cohorts. Immunological and clinical measures have been developed to stratify RTR by future SCC risk but their comparative performance in long-term RTR has not been assessed. We hypothesised that biomarkers of two potential mechanisms underlying a reduced immune response may predict SCC development. These biomarkers comprised 'signatures' of immune regulation developed in RTR who have successfully ceased immunosuppression without development of graft dysfunction ('operational tolerance') and immunophenotypic changes associated with immunosenescence. Immunosenescence leads to a reduction of immune responses with increasing age. A prospective cohort study was undertaken of 117 long-term RTR, half with a history of previous SCC. RTR were stratified by phenotype based on a majority ('CD57hi') or minority ('CD57lo') of peripheral blood CD8+ T cells expressing CD57. CD57hi RTR were 2.4 times more likely to develop SCC during follow-up, independent of age or history of previous SCC. This was more predictive than previously developed clinical and immunological measures. CD57hi RTR exhibited other functional and phenotypic changes associated with immunosenescence. Signatures of operational tolerance did not predict SCC risk but were heavily influenced by the effect upon circulating B cells due to immunosuppressive regime, particularly azathioprine and calcineurin inhibition. Further evaluation indicated that azathioprine use was associated with the presence of donor-specific antibodies. This study indicates that biomarkers of 'operational tolerance' are confounded by immunosuppression use and may not be suitable for clinical application in their current format. Biomarkers of immunosenescence, such as the CD57hi phenotype proposed in this study, may identify RTR at increased risk of subsequent SCC who may benefit from pre-emptive immunosuppression reduction.
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Kalyanasundaram, Syamala. "CD4 T helper cell profiling in heart and liver transplant recipients: comparison between CNI-, Rapamycin- and Anti-CD25 mAB-Based Immunosuppression." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106345.
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The use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) is the basis of many immunosuppressive regimens because of its clinical success and contribution to the remarkable increase in the rate of allograft survival. However, standard recommended doses of cyclosporine and tacrolimus are associated with nephrotoxicity, resulting in long term renal dysfunction. An ideal strategy would employ a CNI-free regimen. Attempts to convert heart and liver transplant patients to rapamycin resulted in an improvement in renal function however the incidence of side effects lead to dose reduction or drug discontinuation in many cases. Anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been used in induction immunosuppression and have been shown to reduce the incidence of acute rejection in solid organ transplantation. We have used anti-CD25 mAb for maintenance immunosuppression as a substitute to CNI in patients with chronic kidney disease. It was of our particular interest to examine the impact of immunosuppressive medications such as CNI, rapamycin and anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody on naive T helper cell differentiation. We hypothesize that as a result of their diverse mechanisms of action, the effect of immunosuppressive medication on CD4 T helper cells (Th1, Th2 and Th17) results in variability. We found that Th1 and Th17 cells as a proportion of CD4 cells and total lymphocytes in heart transplant patients are lower in CNI patients when compared to anti-CD25 mAb patients and healthy controls. We also found that Th17 cells as a proportion of CD4 cells in liver transplant patients are higher in patients on anti-CD25 mAb and rapamycin when compared to healthy controls. We wanted to determine if this variability had implications for graft rejection as well as two common complications of immunosuppression which are infection and malignancy however we did not find any correlation between proportions of T helper cells and rates of rejection, infection and malignancy.<br>L'utilisation des inhibiteurs de la calcineurine (ICN) est la base de plusieurs traitements immunosuppresseurs en raison de son succès clinique et de sa contribution à l'augmentation remarquable du taux de survie des allogreffes. Cependant, les doses standards recommandées de cyclosporine et de tacrolimus sont associées à des néphrotoxicités, résultant en un dysfonctionnement rénal à long terme. Une stratégie idéale serait d'employer un régime sans ICN. Des tentatives de transférer les patients ayant subis des transplantations cardiaques et hépatiques à la rapamycine ont entraîné une amélioration de la fonction rénale. Cependant, l'incidence des effets secondaires a conduit à la réduction de la dose ou l'arrêt du médicament dans beaucoup de cas. Les anticorps monoclonaux anti-CD25 (AcM anti-CD25) ont été utilisés dans l'immunosuppression initiale et se sont dévoilés comme réducteurs du risque de rejet aigu lors de transplantations d'organes solides. Nous avons utilisé AcM anti-CD25 pour des fins d'immunosuppression de maintien comme substitut aux inhibiteurs de la calcineurine chez les patients atteints de maladie rénale chronique. Il était particulièrement dans notre intérêt d'examiner l'impact des médicaments immunosuppresseurs comme les ICN, la rapamycine et AcM anti-CD25 sur la différenciation des cellules T helper CD4. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que, suite à leurs diverses mécanismes d'action, les effets des médicaments immunosuppresseurs sur les lymphocytes T CD4 helper (Th1, Th2 et Th17) sont variables. Nous avons trouvé que les cellules Th1 et Th17 comme une proportion de cellules CD4 et lymphocytes totaux, chez les patients a transplantation cardiaque, sont moins élevées chez les patients ICN comparativement aux patients AcM anti-CD25 et les contrôles sains. Nous avons aussi trouvé que les cellules Th17 comme une proportion de cellules CD4 chez les patients a transplantation hépatique sont plus élevées chez les patients sur AcM anti-CD25 et la rapamycine, par rapport aux contrôles sains. Nous voulions déterminer si cette variabilité a des implications dans le rejet du greffon ainsi que dans deux complications fréquentes de l'immunosuppression, qui sont les infections et la malignité. Toutefois, nous n'avons pas trouvé de corrélation entre les proportions de cellules T helper et les taux de rejet, d'infection et la malignité.
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Packthongsuk, Kreeson. "Detection of porcine umbilical cord matrix stem cells in the intestine and other organs after oral and intraperitoneal administration to allogeneic recipients." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16753.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Animal Sciences and Industry<br>Duane Davis<br>Umbilical cords matrix stem cells (UCs) have been characterized most thoroughly in humans (HUCs) and are considered to have great promise for regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy. Although UCs were first identified in pigs the description of porcine UCs (PUCs) is limited. Here we reported some standard mesenchymal stem cell characteristics for PUCs. Development of knowledge about PUCs is useful because the pig is a valuable biomedical model for humans and the species is an important human food source. PUCs were isolated from Wharton’s jelly using an explant technique. They attached on the plastic and showed fibroblast-like morphology. Immunophenotype analysis showed they are positive for CD44, CD90 and CD105 and negative for CD31, CD45 and SLA-DR. Under specific in vitro conditions, PUCs were differentiated to adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes. The growth curve of PUCs exhibited a lag phase, log phase and doubling time of 24, 60 and 13.8 hour respectively.
Engraftment potential of allogeneic PUCs administered orally and intraperitoneally (IP) was evaluated. Newborn, 1-day, 1-week, 2-week and 3-week old pigs were administered a dose of fluorescently labeled PUCs (1.1x107 cells/kg body weight) and their tissue incorporation were evaluated using confocal microscopy with confirmation by PCR to detect SRY gene, the Y-chromosome gene of male PUCs in female recipients. One week after PUCs administration, they were found mostly in the gastrointestinal tract and abdominal organs after either oral or intraperitoneal transplantation. The intestinal mucosa layer around the base of villi and intestinal crypts was the main location. PUCs were also detected in thoracic organs, muscle and bone marrow. Additionally, PKH26-labeled fibroblasts labeled were detected in recipient intestine 1 week after IP injection. Donor cells were not found in blood at one week post transplantation. When recipients were sacrificed at 6 h after IP injection PKH26-labeled PUCs were found mostly in omentum and diaphragm by PCR. It is likely these are the primary sites for donor cells in the peritoneal cavity to enter the circulation. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), using an SRY probe and PCR, demonstrated the PUCs isolated from recipient intestines by enzymatic digestion. Therefore, transplanted PUCs were recovered from the intestinal mucosa and were viable and able to proliferate in vitro.
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Cravedi, Paolo. "A prospective, randomized study to compare the effect of combination therapy with CAMPATH-1H on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in kidney transplant recipients." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499459.
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Induction therapy with Campath-IH, a humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody depleting T and B lymphocytes, has been used in organ transplantation with the final goal of resetting the immune system in order to promote a tolerance-permissive environment and, at the same time, to reduce the need for chronic maintenance immunosuppression. To explore whether thisO may result from the capability of Campath-IH, in association with different maintenance regimens, to promote regulatory T cells (Treg) expansion and to assess whether this may translate into better graft outcomes in the long-term, 21 renal transplant patients receiving Campath-IH induction were randomized to low-dose SRL (n=ll) or low-dose CsA (n=10), both in addition to low-dose mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as maintenance immunosuppressive therapy and monitored for over 30 month follow-up. SRL-treated Patients showed an important expansion of circulating CD4⁺CD25highFOXP3⁺ Treg that, at one and two years after transplant, were significantly more abundant than in the CsA group. T cells isolated from peripheral blood long-term post-transplant were hyporesponsive to donor alloantigens in both treatment arms. In SRL-, but not CsA-treated patients, hyporesponsiveness was reversed by Treg depletion. T cells from CsA-treated pattients were anergic to donor antigens. Despite higher Treg counts, SRL-treated patients had a faster GFR and RPF decline, more clinical proteinuria, significantly higher tubular C4d staining score and a trend to higher chronic allograft damage index score, compared to CsA-treated patients. There was no significant correlation between Treg counts and any considered outcome variable in the study group as a whole and within each treatment group.
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Komuraiah, Myakala. "Proliferation Signal Inhibitor associated proteinuria in a renal transplant recipient: Dysfunction of proximal tubular epithelial cells is a result of decreased cubilinand/or megalin expression? : Proliferation Signal Inhibitor associated Proteinuria." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Life Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-3885.
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<p><em>Background </em>The proliferation signal inhibitors (PSIs) sirolimus (SRL) and everolimus (ERL) are the potent immunosuppressive drugs using in organ transplantation and has been used successfully in renal transplant recipients (RTX) as well. PSIs are the key factors to overcome the allograft rejections after successful organ transplantation since the immune system starts to react against the graft. SRL and ERL prevents the action of immune system b inhibits the proliferation of T- and B-cells by inhibiting the intracellular signaling of interleukin-2. The presence of excess amount of serum proteins including albumin in the urine is considered as proteinuria, which reflects the loss of kidney function. The occurrence of proteinuria can be the result of abnormal glomerular filtration and/or impaired tubular endocytic function of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). Megalin and cubulin are two scavenger receptors present on epical surface of PTECs and involved in reabsorption of proteins after glomerular ultrafiltration process in the kidney. Proteinuria appears too high in renal transplanted patients during ongoing treatment with PSIs.</p><p><em>Aim</em> Our study aimed to investigate and correlate the expression level of megalin and cubilin and albumin uptake in PTEC of renal transplanted patients before and after conversion to PSI.</p><p><em>Methods</em> To retrieve the maximal expression of our interest molecules in renal PTECs, we optimized antigen retrieval (AR) method and primary antibody dilution for each molecule separately. An optimization experiment was performed on 3 different normal patients renal biopsies were used. Later, human renal biopsy specimens originated from 4 different renal transplanted patients were used in this study. From all the 4 patients biopsy specimens were taken before and ongoing administration of PSIs (SRL, ERL). The expression of megalin, cubilin and albumin uptake in PTEC of renal transplant patients was determined by immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><em>Results</em> Based on the optimization experiments, we selected the AR method and primary antibody dilution for the expression of megalin, cubilin and albumin uptake. In 4 renal transplanted patients following administration of PSIs results in patients 1, 2, 3 expression of megalin, cubilin and albumin uptake during ongoing PSI treatment was not comparable or even more intense than before PSIs introduction. The expression of megalin, cubilin and albumin uptake was reduced in patient 4 during ongoing PSI treatment.</p><p><em>Conclusion</em> Our findings suggest that the renal transplant patient 4 developed proteinuria during PSI medication. The expression of megalin, cubilin and albumin uptake was markedly decreased during ongoing PSI treatment in patient 4. We concluded that there is a direct link between PSI medication and tubular dysfunction, which might cause proteinuria</p>
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Märschenz, Stefanie. "Funktionelle Analyse von komplexen Hepatitis-B-Virus-Varianten, assoziiert mit Leberzirrhose bei Immunsupprimierten." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15546.
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Obwohl der Wildtyp des Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV) nicht zytopathogen und die Pathogenese der Hepatitis B generell immunvermittelt ist, können in immunsupprimierten Nierentransplantatempfängern mit chronischer Hepatitis B schwere Leberschäden bis hin zu Leberzirrhose und Leberversagen entstehen. Die Entwicklung von Leberzirrhose in den Nierentransplantierten ist assoziiert mit der Akkumulation und Persistenz von komplexen HBV-Varianten mit Mutationen im Core-Promotor / X-Gen, Deletionen im Core (C)-Gen und teilweise zusätzlichen Deletionen im präS-Bereich. Dies lässt eine Rolle der Varianten in der speziellen Pathogenese bei Immunsupprimierten vermuten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden funktionelle Analysen der komplexen Varianten im Vergleich zu Referenz-Wildtypgenomen und Wildtyp-ähnlichen Genomen der Patienten aus der frühen Infektionsphase durchgeführt, um Hinweise auf den potentiellen Beitrag der Varianten zur Pathogenese zu erlangen. Die Analysen erfolgten durch transiente Transfektion der humanen Hepatomazelllinie HuH7 mit repräsentativen HBV-Gesamtgenomen, die aus 2 Patienten während des Krankheitsverlaufs von einer asymptomatischen Infektion hin zur Leberzirrhose isoliert und kloniert worden waren. Trotz einiger Unterschiede im Detail wiesen die komplexen Varianten einen gemeinsamen, drastisch vom Wildtyp abweichenden Phänotyp auf. Dieser war gekennzeichnet durch eine veränderte Transkription mit reduzierten präC- und Oberflächen-mRNAs und verstärkter Expression der prägenomischen RNA, eine starke Reduktion des häufigsten Spleißprodukts der prägenomischen RNA, SP1, eine extrem reduzierte oder fehlende Expression und/oder Sekretion aller Oberflächenproteine und des HBeAg, ein verändertes intrazelluläres Verteilungsmuster des schwach exprimierten Core-Proteins und teilweise der Oberflächenproteine sowie eine erhöhte Replikation und Anreicherung gegenüber Wildtyp-HBV aufgrund einer verstärkten reversen Transkription der prägenomischen RNA. Dieser Phänotyp basierte zum Teil auf den Mutationen in Core-Promotor und C-Gen, wurde jedoch deutlich durch zusätzliche Mutationen in den übrigen Genomabschnitten beeinflusst. Die vielfältigen Veränderungen der Varianten unterstützen ihren vermuteten Beitrag zur Pathogenese.<br>Although wild-type hepatitis B virus is not cytopathogenic and the pathogenesis of hepatitis B is generally immune mediated, also immuno-suppressed patients, such as renal transplant recipients, with chronic hepatitis B may develop liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. In renal transplant recipients, the development of liver cirrhosis is associated with the accumulation and persistence of complex HBV variants with mutations in core promoter / X gene, deletions in core (C) gene and sometimes additional deletions in the preS region. This suggests a role of these variants in the special pathogenesis in immuno-suppressed patients. In the present work, the complex variants were functionally analyzed in comparison to reference wild-type genomes and wild-type-like HBV genomes from the early asymptomatic phase of infection. For the analyses, representative cloned full-length HBV genomes isolated from 2 patients before and during liver cirrhosis were transiently transfected into the human hepatoma cell line HuH7. In spite of some variations, the complex variants showed a common phenotype, which was drastically altered compared to wild-type. It was characterized by reduced preC and surface mRNAs and increased expression of pregenomic RNA, by a strong reduction of the major spliced pregenomic RNA, SP1, by a partial or complete defect in expression and/or secretion of surface proteins and HBeAg, by an aberrant intracellular localization of the weakly expressed core protein and in some cases of the surface proteins, and by an enhanced replication and enrichment over wild-type HBV due to an enhanced reverse transcription of variant pregenomic RNA. The phenotypic alterations were often based on the mutations in core promoter and C gene but were considerably influenced by the additional mutations in other genomic regions. The multiple functional changes of the variants support their assumed contribution to pathogenesis.
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Cruz, Sara Manuela Gonçalves. "Hepatitis e virus in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/31507.
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Objetivo: O vírus da Hepatite E (HEV) causa hepatite em indivíduos saudáveis, no entanto, em países desenvolvidos, a infeção por HEV pode evoluir para crónica em pacientes imunocomprometidos. Pouco se sabe sobre a infeção por HEV em recetores de transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas (HSCT), e o seu estado prolongado de imunossupressão torna-os um grupo de risco importante. Resumimos todas publicações sobre infeções por HEV em recetores de HSCT e desenvolvemos um estudo retrospetivo
epidemiológico para caracterizar a prevalência de HEV num coorte de HSCT alogénicos. Métodos: O estudo I foi realizado para resumir todos os dados publicados sobre infeções por HEV em recetores de HSCT, realizando uma revisão sistemática da literatura. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi conduzida na PubMed e Scopus e as guidelines PRISMA foram seguidas. O software MetaXL foi utilizado na análise estatística para estimar a
prevalência geral de infeção por HEV de acordo com as diferentes abordagens de diagnóstico (deteção de RNA HEV e anti-HEV IgM/IgG). O estudo II foi desenvolvido como um estudo retrospetivo num coorte de 196 pacientes submetidos a alo-HSCT entre 2016-2018, no qual rastreamos o RNA HEV por RT-PCR em tempo real e para anti-HEV IgM e IgG usando um imunoensaio enzimático. Resultados: No estudo I, foram encontrados 7 manuscritos que relatam uma prevalência geral de anti-HEV IgM/IgG de 12,0% (IC95%: 0,16-28,5) e prevalência de RNA HEV de 1,50% (IC95%: 0,70-2,60). A prevalência isolada de anti-HEV IgM foi de 2,00% (IC95%: 0,30-4,50) e a anti-HEV IgG foi de 11,4% (IC95%: 1,80-26,3). O estudo II revelou uma prevalência de anti-HEV IgG de 19,9%. Além disso, encontramos uma prevalência de infeção recente/ativa por HEV de 4,1%, com 6 casos positivos para RNA HEV e 2 casos positivos para anti-HEV IgM e IgG.
Conclusão: Nos últimos anos, alguma atenção foi dada a este grupo de imunocomprometidos, mas ainda há um número reduzido de estudos. Este estudo mostra que os recetores de alo-HSCT estão em risco de infeção por HEV, portanto devem ser rastreados antes do transplante e durante episódios de elevação das enzimas hepáticas após transplante com o teste de RNA HEV. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos para aumentar a nossa compreensão da epidemiologia do HEV em receptores de HSCT, visto que pode ser um fator importante no resultado dos pacientes.<br>Aim: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis in healthy individuals, however, in developed countries, HEV infection can evolve to chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed patients. Little is known of HEV infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, and their prolonged immunosuppression state makes them an important risk group. We summarize all published data regarding HEV infections in HSCT recipients
and developed an epidemiology study to characterize HEV prevalence in a retrospective cohort of allo-HSCT.
Methods: Study I was performed to summarize all published data regarding HEV infections in HSCT recipients by performing a systematic review of the literature. Literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The MetaXL software was used for statistical analysis to estimate the overall prevalence of HEV infection according to the different diagnostic approaches (HEV RNA and anti-HEV IgM/IgG detection). Study II was developed as a retrospective study in a cohort of 196 patients submitted to allo-HSCT between 2016-2018, on which we screened for HEV RNA by real-time RT-PCR and for anti-HEV IgM and IgG using an enzyme
immunoassay. Results: In study I, we found 7 manuscripts reporting an overall anti-HEV IgM/IgG prevalence of 12.0% (95% CI: 0.16-28.5) and HEV RNA prevalence of 1.50% (95% CI: 0.70-2.60). Isolated anti-HEV IgM prevalence was 2.00% (95% CI: 0.30-4.50), and antiHEV IgG was 11.4% (95% CI: 1.80-26.3). Study II revealed an anti-HEV IgG prevalence of 19,9%. Furthermore, we found a prevalence of recent/active HEV infection of 4.1%, with 6 positive cases for HEV RNA, and 2 positive cases for both HEV IgM and IgG.
Conclusion: Over the last years, some attention has been given to this group of immunocompromised patients, but there is still a small number of studies. This study shows that recipients of allo-HSCT are at risk for HEV infection. Therefore, allo-HSCT recipients should be screened prior transplantation, and during episodes of liver enzyme abnormalities post-transplantation, with HEV RNA testing as the preferred diagnostic
method in these immunocompromised patients. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to increase our understanding of the epidemiology of HEV in HSCT recipients, as it may be an important factor in the outcome of patients.
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"Strategies for prevention of infections in pediatric oncology patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients." Thesis, 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075028.
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Opportunistic infection is always a potentially life threatening complication in pediatric oncology patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. With the advances in various disease treatment protocols, the overall and event-free survivals of this high risk population improve significantly. In this thesis, the author reported a number of original studies to discuss different strategies in prevention of this serious complication. Firstly, the author demonstrates that pediatric oncology patients are still vulnerable to various vaccine-preventable infectious diseases up to 18 months after stopping chemotherapy. For those vaccine-preventable infectious diseases, pediatric oncology patients can mount a significant and persistent immune response to common inactivated vaccine (namely diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine). For non-vaccine preventable infectious diseases, regular monitoring of plasma viral load and strategic use of antiviral agents as pre-emptive or prophylactic agent is an effective approach to prevent infection. In hematopoietic stem cell transplant setting, adoptive transfer of acquired immunity from donor to recipient and incorporation of this parameter in donor selection process can be considered. The findings of the studies can be applied to clinical setting. The future direction of our studies includes the immune responses of other common vaccines namely pneumococcal vaccine and pandemic influenza vaccine in high risk population. The role of transfer of donor's varicella zoster immunity in prevention of herpes zoster infection in transplant recipient can be further explored. With the advances in supportive care of our vulnerable patients, the survival rate is expected to be further improved in the future.<br>by Frankie Wai Tsoi, Cheng.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: B, page: .<br>Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-208).<br>Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.<br>Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
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Jones, Kim Sarah. "Effect of implanted microencapsulated xenogeneic cells on the recipient immune system." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=80260&T=F.
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Joyce, Patricia. "An Interpretive Phenomenological Exploration of Quality of Life Issues in Autologous Blood Cell Transplant Recipients." 2005. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/528/1/528contents.pdf.
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Autologous blood cell transplantation (ABCT) has been successfully used to treat a variety of haematological cancers and some solid tumours. The number of patients who are long term survivors and free of disease following this treatment is growing rapidly. To enable nurses and health care workers to provide optimal supportive care for these patients, an understanding of how the transplant has affected their quality of life (QOL) is essential. In the last two decades numerous studies have focused on QOL issues in this patient group. However, the majority of these studies tend to approach QOL from a bio-physiological perspective, generating knowledge about the treatment and its side effects. Little is known about the patients' experiences and how they interpret their QOL in the years following their transplants. The purpose of this study was to explore QOL issues from the perspectives of 12 patients who had undergone an ABCT. Heideggerian phenomenology (interpretive phenomenology) was chosen as the theoretical framework for the study, as it allows for the transparent world of people's everyday lived experiences to be illuminated, and so reveal how they interpret their QOL. The aims of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of QOL issues through the participants interpretations of their experiences, and to uncover themes and different patterns of meaning which embody the participants' QOL. Data was collected through in-depth, unstructured interviews with each participant. Thematic analysis, exemplars and paradigm cases were utilised to present the participants' interpretations of their QOL. The findings showed that the participants' QOL was influenced by their interpretations of embodiment, being in time, being in society and re-appraisal of life. The findings also revealed that QOL following an ABCT is a highly individualised, dynamic experience that depends on the challenges the participants confront in their everyday lives. As the participants re-interpreted their lives following their transplants, their perspectives on their QOL changed. For some this was a positive experience, but for others their QOL diminished. The implication of this study is that nurses must be committed to providing individualised, patient focused care following an ABCT. The findings of this study offer a deeper understanding of patients' everyday lived experiences and their QOL following an ABCT, and will enable nurses and other health professionals to develop supportive care infrastructure to assist patients during their recoveries, thus improving their QOL.
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Hanmod, Santosh S. Hewett-Emmett David Peters Ronald J. Chemaly Roy F. "The burden of parainfluenza virus infection in patients with hematological malignancy and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients in the absence of active immunization and approved therapy : the role of infection control." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1470186.
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Dias, Joana Sousa Gonçalves de Marinho. "Epstein-Barr virus and development of PTLD in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: viral activity and host susceptibility." Tese, 2019. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/118513.
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Dias, Joana Sousa Gonçalves de Marinho. "Epstein-Barr virus and development of PTLD in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: viral activity and host susceptibility." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/119007.
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Sterling, Katherine. "The role of CD8+ T cells in the regulation of recipient immune responses induced by allogeneic platelet transfusions." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=81000&T=F.
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Stühler, Claudia. "Strategies to prevent graft-versus-host disease and augment anti-fungal immunity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-51957.
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Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is often the only effective treatment for patients with hematological malignancies, but its curative potential is often limited by the development of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Although extensive immunosuppressive therapy is highly efficient in the prevention or treatment of GvHD, it greatly increases the risk for life-threatening opportunistic fungal or viral infections and the recurrence of malignant disease. The possibility to selectively deplete alloreactive T cells from donor grafts prior or after transplantation would greatly diminish the need for immunosuppressive therapy in the transplant recipient and thereby greatly improve its clinical outcome. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein of 90 kDa (Hsp90) has been previously shown to stabilize many signal transduction proteins involved in T lymphocyte activation and proliferation and is furthermore able to exert anti-apoptotic effects in different cell types. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the possibility to selectively target activated, proliferating T cells in lymphocyte populations by inhibition of Hsp90, without compromising viability and function of non-reactive T cell populations including pathogen-specific T lymphocytes. It could be shown in this work, that activated T cells are indeed more prone to apoptotic cell death in the presence of Hsp90 inhibitors than resting cells and that treatment of mixed lymphocyte cultures with such inhibitors eliminates the proliferation of alloreactive cells. In contrast, T cells remaining in a resting state during inhibitor treatment remain viable and also display functional virus-specific responses after inhibitor removal. These data suggest, that Hsp90 could represent a novel target for selective depletion of alloreactive T cells and that application of Hsp90 inhibitors could be a potential approach to prevent or treat GvHD without impairing pathogen-specific T cell immunity. In the second part of this work, the immune responses to strictly defined antigens of the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus were characterized. Opportunistic fungal infections are highly prevalent in immunocompromized and immunosuppressed individuals, especially in HSCT recipients suffering from GvDH. Although antifungal treatment is permanently improved, invasive fungal infections are still often fatal. In healthy individuals clinical disease is rare, because innate and adaptive immunity act in conjunction to protect the host. Therefore one possible strategy to prevent and treat life-threatening fungal infections in immunocompromized patients is to improve host resistance by augmenting the antifungal functions of the immune system, for example by vaccination or adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells. Based on previous findings, the objective of this dissertation was to identify and characterize distinct immunogenic A. fumigatus antigens that could be used for clinical application like vaccination or ex vivo generation of antigen-specific T cells and to characterize the interaction of this antigen-specific lymphocytes with cells of the innate immune system. First, memory T cell responses to different recombinant A. fumigatus proteins in healthy individuals were evaluated. The majority of tested donors displayed stable CD4+ TH1 responses to the Crf1 protein, whereas responses to the other antigens tested could only be detected in a limited number of donors, qualifying Crf1 as potential candidate antigen for clinical use. It was also possible to identify an immunodominant MHC class II DRB1*04-restricted epitope of Crf1 and to generate T cell clones specific for this epitope. This Crf1-specific T cell clones could be specifically activated by dendritic cells fed with synthetic peptide, recombinant protein or germinating A. fumigatus conidia or outgrown hyphae. Interestingly, these A. fumigatus-specific T cell clones also responded to stimulation with Candida albicans, which likewise causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromized patients and encodes for a glucosyltransferase similar to A. fumigatus Crf1. It was also possible to show that supernatant harvested from activated Crf1-specific T cell cultures was able to significantly increase fungal killing by monocytes. These data indicate that the specified FHT epitope of the A. fumigatus protein Crf1 could be potentially used as antigen for vaccination protocols or for the generation of Aspergillus-specific effector T cells for adoptive transfer<br>Allogene, hämatopoietische Stammzelltransplantation ist häufig die einzige, effektive Behandlungsmethode für Patienten mit hämatologischen Erkrankungen, aber deren Erfolg ist häufig durch das Auftreten einer „Graft-versus-Host“-Erkrankung (GvHD) gefährdet. Obwohl durch eine weitreichende, immunsuppressive Therapie eine GvHD erfolgreich verhindert oder behandelt werden kann, erhöht diese jedoch beträchtlich das Risiko für das Auftreten lebensbedrohender opportunistischer Virus- und Pilz- Infektionen und das Wiederauftreten der malignen Erkrankung. Die Möglichkeit der selektiven Depletion alloreaktiver T-Zellen eines Transplantates bevor oder nach der Transplantation würde die Notwendigkeit immunsuppressiver Therapien des Empfängers deutlich reduzieren und dadurch den Behandlungserfolg enorm verbessern. Für das molekulare Chaperon-Protein „Hitzeschock-Protein von 90 kDa“ (Hsp90) konnte bereits zuvor gezeigt werden, dass es viele Signal-Transduktions-Proteine, die an der Aktivierung von T-Lymphozyten beteiligt sind stabilisiert und außerdem in verschiedenen Zelltypen einen anti-apoptotischen Effekt auszuüben scheint. Deshalb war es das Ziel dieser Untersuchung festzustellen, ob es möglich ist, durch Inhibition von Hsp90 spezifisch nur die aktivierten, proliferierenden T-Zellen in einer Lymphozyten-Population zu erreichen, ohne dabei die Viabilität und Funktionalität der nicht-reaktiven T-Zell-Population, einschließlich Pathogen-spezifischen TLymphozyten, zu beeinträchtigen. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass unter dem Einfluss von Hsp90-Inhibitoren in aktivierten T-Zellen tatsächlich eher Apoptose induziert wird, als in ruhenden Zellen und dass die Behandlung von gemischten Lymphozyten-Kulturen mit diesen Inhibitoren die Proliferation von alloreaktiven Zellen verhindert. Im Gegensatz dazu bleiben TZellen, die zum Zeitpunkt der Inhibitor-Behandlung in einem ruhenden Zustand waren überlebensfähig und zeigen zudem nach Entfernung des Inhibitors immer noch Virusspezifische Immunantworten. Wie diese Daten zeigen, könnte Hsp90 ein neues Angriffsziel für die selektive Depletion von alloreaktiven T-Zellen sein und Hsp90- Inhibitoren deshalb möglicherweise für die Vorbeugung oder Behandlung von GvHD eingesetzt werden, ohne dabei die pathogen-spezifische Immunität zu beeinträchtigen. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wurden die Immunantworten auf definierte Antigene das opportunistisch pathogenen Pilzes Aspergillus fumigatus charakterisiert. Opportunistische Pilzinfektionen sind eine häufige Begleiterscheinung bei Personen mit beeinträchtigtem Immunsystem und immunsupprimierten Patienten, vor allem bei Patienten die sich einer allogenen Stammzell-Transplantation unterziehen müssen und unter einer GvHD leiden. Trotz ständiger Verbesserung der Behandlungsmöglichkeiten, verlaufen invasive Pilzinfektionen häufig immer noch tödlich. Gesunde Menschen erkranken nur äußerst selten symptomatisch, da sowohl die angeborene als auch die erworbene Immunabwehr dazu beitragen, eine akute Infektion effektiv zu verhindern. Eine Möglichkeit, lebensbedrohliche Pilzinfektionen bei immunsupprimierten Patienten zu verhindern könnte deshalb die Stärkung der Immunabwehr durch Verbesserung der Funktionen des Immunsystems sein, beispielsweise durch Vakzinierung oder den adoptiven Transfer antigenspezifischer TZellen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war, aufbauend auf früheren Forschungsergebnissen, die Identifikation und Charakterisierung definierter immunogener A. fumigatus Antigene, die für die klinische Anwendung als Impfstoff oder für die ex vivo Generierung antigenspezifischer T-Zellen Verwendung finden könnten. Außerdem sollte die Interaktion dieser antigenspezifischen T-Lymphozyten mit den Zellen des angeborenen Immunsystems untersucht werden. Zunächst wurden hierfür die T-Zell-Antworten gesunder Spender auf verschiedene rekombinante A. fumigatus-Proteine untersucht. Die große Mehrheit der getesteten Spender reagierte auf das Protein Crf1 mit einer stabilen TH1 Antwort, während die übrigen getesteten Proteine nur in vereinzelten Spendern eine signifikante T-Zell- Antwort auslösten. Die offensichtlich weite Verbreitung von Crf1-spezifischen Gedächtnis-Zellen in der Bevölkerung lässt dieses Antigen als gut geeignet für potenzielle klinische Anwendungen erscheinen. Des weiteren wurde ein immundominantes Epitop von Crf1 identifiziert, das durch das relativ weit verbreite MHC Klasse II DRB1*04-Allel präsentiert wird. T-Zell-Klone, die spezifisch dieses Antigen erkennen, konnten mit dendritischen Zellen, die zuvor mit synthetischem Peptid, rekombinantem Protein oder ausgekeimten A. fumigatus Conidien oder Hyphen inkubiert worden waren aktiviert werden. Interessanterweise reagierten diese A. fumigatus-spezifischen T-Zell-Klone auch auf Stimulation mit Candida albicans, das ebenfalls opportunistische Infektionen in immunsupprimierten Patienten auslöst und für eine ähnliche Glucosyl-Transferase wie Crf1 in A. fumigatus codiert. Die Kultur-Überstände von aktivierten Crf1-spezifischen TZell- Klonen waren außerdem in der Lage, das Abtöten des Pilzes durch Monozyten deutlich zu verbessern. Diese Daten deuten darauf hin, dass das hier beschriebene FHT-Epitop des A. fumigatus Proteins Crf1 potenziell als Antigen für die Vakzinierung oder die Generierung von Aspergillus-spezifischen Effektor-T-Zellen für den adoptiven Transfer geeignet sein könnte
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WeiLin and 林蔚. "Differential thermotolerance of somatic cells derived from cloned cattle reconstructed with recipient ooplasm and donor nucleus from different breeds." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49044370202244323891.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>動物科學與畜產系所<br>98<br>The objective of this study was to compare the thermotolerance of somatic cells derived from cloned cattle reconstructed with recipient ooplasms and donor nuclei from different breeds. Results showed that the apoptosis rates of somatic cells derived from Holstein after heat-shock at 42.0C for 12 （6.8%）, 24 （12.2%） and 36 h （15.5%） were all higher than （P<0.05） that of those non-heat-shocked （38.5℃） cells derived from Holstein （1.2-1.3%） and cells derived from Taiwan yellow cattle cultured for the same period with （1.8-2.3%） or without （1.7-2.0%） heat-shock. Moreover, the apoptosis rates of endometrial （9.4-13.2 vs. 1.6-2.2%）, oviduct epithelial （7.8-11.9 vs. 2.2-3.0%） and ear cells （8.8 vs. 1.9%） derived from Holstein after heat-shock at 42.0℃ were significantly higher （P 0.05） than those of cells derived from Taiwan yellow cattle. However, the apoptosis rate of heat-shocked ear cells derived from Taiwan yellow cattle （2.8%） was similar to those of heat-shocked ear cells derived from cloned cattle reconstructed with Taiwan yellow cattle ooplasms and donor nuclei from either Holstein （Yo-Hd, 3.6%） or Taiwan yellow cattle （Yo-Yd, 3.0%）, which were all significantly lower （P<0.05） than those of cells derived from Holstein （10.0%） and cloned cattles reconstructed with ooplasms and donor nuclei both from Holstein （Ho-Hd, 7.9-8.8%）. In addition, the mitochondria copy numbers of somatic cells derived from Taiwan yellow cattle, Yo-Hd and Yo-Yd cloned cattle were higher than those of cells derived from Holstein and Ho-Hd cloned cattle. Expression of Hsp 70 and Endo G （endonuclease G）proteins in ear cells derived from Taiwan yellow cattle and Holstein was increased by heat shock. In addition, the expression of AIF （apoptosis-inducing factor）protein in ear cells derived from Holstein, but not Taiwan yellow cattle, was increased by heat shock. Expression of AIF and Endo G proteins in ear cells derived from Yo-Hd and Yo-Yd cloned cattle was higher than that of cells derived from Ho-Hd cloned cattle after heat shock. Expression of Hsp 70 protein in ear cells derived from all cloned cattle （including Ho-Hd, Yo-Hd, and Yo-Yd cloned cattle） was all increased by heat shock. In conclusion, thermotolerance of somatic cells derived from Holstein and Ho-Hd cloned cattle were lower than those of cells derived from Taiwan yellow cattle, Yo-Hd and Yo-Yd cloned cattles. The cytoplasm of Taiwan yellow cattle was more resistant to heat stress in comparison with that of Holstein; therefore, cytoplasm may be one of major determinant factors for thermal sensitivity in bovine somatic cells.
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Stühler, Claudia [Verfasser]. "Strategies to prevent graft-versus-host disease and augment anti-fungal immunity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients / vorgelegt von Claudia Stühler." 2009. http://d-nb.info/1008731366/34.
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FUČÍKOVÁ, Michaela. "Kryoprezervace a transplantace spermatogonií kapra obecného." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-375951.
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Cryopreservation and transplantation of germ cells in fish provides a suitable tool for preserving genetic information. By method of surrogate reproduction, the offspring with characters of the chosen donor can be obtained. In this case of our commercially important species common carp. However, for the successful cryopreservation of the germ cells, a suitable protocol for each species must be established. Several cryoprotectants were tested. The best of them, Me2SO, regarding the viability of spermatogonia, was tested for its different concentrations depending also on the rate of freezing. Further testing, related to the effect of tissue size, incubation time and added sugar, was performed. The result of the assay identified best cryomedium composed of 2.5M dimethylsulfoxide, added sugar of 0.3M glucose, 1.5% BSA and 25nM Hepes dissolved in PBS. The most suitable size of tissue was 100 mg, incubation time was 30 min and coolig rate was -1 ° C/min. This protocol ensures the highest viability rate of cryopreserved spermatogonia of common carp. The second part of the work was to verify the success of the transplantation of cryopreserved and fresh spermatogonia into a suitably chosen recipient, the goldfish, which shares similar reproductive characteristics with carp, but also offers reduction of space requirements or resistance to koi-herpes virus. The transplanted germ cells colonized the germ line and started gametogenesis in 42.5% (cryopreserved spermatogonia) and 52.5% (fresh spermatogonia) goldfish recipients, which demonstrated that the transplantation of cryopreserved spermatogonia of common carp can be successfully achieved.
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Wawer, Angela Wilhelmine [Verfasser]. "Efficacy of CD 25 blockade as targeted adjuvant therapy in the prevention of GVHD in pediatric stem cell transplant recipients / von Angela Wilhelmine Wawer." 2004. http://d-nb.info/978829581/34.
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Sarem, Sarem. "Limited sampling strategies for estimation of cyclosporine exposure in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients : methodological improvement and introduction of sampling time deviation analysis." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13046.
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Tsai, Tsung-Ju, and 蔡宗儒. "Impact of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Use before Transplantation on the Incidence of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t736n5.
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