Academic literature on the topic 'Cellar'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Cellar.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Cellar"
1
Zhou, Fan, Shi Rao Li, Jin Dong Huo, Hong Tao Peng, Zhi Hong Li, and Xin Ping Zhang. "Analysis of Concrete Water Cellar Structure in Qingshuihe County, Inner Mongolia, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 455 (November 2013): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.455.216.
Full textAbstract:
Concrete water cellar is an important facility to collect rainfall in Qingshuihe County of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The numerical simulation was carried out for the typical concrete water cellar structure using ABAQUS. Simulation results show that the maximum tensile stress and strain of cellar decrease with the cellar wall thickness increasing, and the strength of concrete C15 can meet the structural requirements of cellars with 10cm, 15cm, 20cm or 25cm wall respectively under the most unfavorable condition. The wall of cellar is thinner, its construction is more difficult in quality assurance. The wall of cellar is thicker, and its construction cost will increase. The construction of concrete cellar with 10cm wall is more difficult than those with thicker walls. It is suggested that the concrete water cellar with 15cm wall thickness is more suitable for being built in Qingshuihe County of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
2
Maslakov, Alexey A., Kelsey E. Nyland, Nina N. Komova, Fedor D. Yurov, Kenji Yoshikawa, and Gleb N. Kraev. "Community Ice Cellars In Eastern Chukotka: Climatic And Anthropogenic Influences On Structural Stability." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2020-71.
Full textAbstract:
The large community ice cellar designs in eastern Chukotka are unique within the Arctic due to the mixed influences from the indigenous Chukchi people and western industry. Community ice cellars here were designed and constructed in the 1950s-60s to accommodate both food stores for local indigenous residents and feed stores for Arctic fox fur farms. Like much of the Arctic, this region is undergoing unprecedented climate change. Air temperatures within the study area have been increasing at an average rate of 0.7°C per decade since the 1950s. Exacerbating the adverse effects of the warming climate is the lack of ice cellar maintenance in communities where the fur industry did not survive the transition to a market economy. Today, all but two community ice cellars in eastern Chukotka have flooded or collapsed. Presented in this work are thermal records from two cellars in the region that allow for both climatic and anthropogenic influences on the cellars’ structural integrity to be evaluated. Particularly effective ice cellar maintenance practices utilized in the community of Lorino were 1) wintertime ventilation, and 2) placing large blocks of river ice in the cellar in spring to mitigate spring and summer warming.
3
Kiss, Klára. "The past and present of Érmellék wine region." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 53 (May 6, 2013): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/53/2126.
Full textAbstract:
Érmellék is an area of the Partium. It is situated between Szilágy and Bihar counties and between River Kraszna and Berettyó. Its name is from Ér, the small brook, which crosses the area. Érmellék is famous for its wine production, because its climate is favourable for this kind of trade. Only a few information sheets of the small Partium-belonging micro-region, Érmellék are published nowadays. Érmellék has extremely picturesque architectural wine cellar rows, of which ”szalacsi” wine cellar row (wine cellar row system) with its unique structure consists of about a thousand cellars.
4
Azevedo, Joana, Joana Pinto, Natércia Teixeira, Joana Oliveira, Miguel Cabral, Paula Guedes de Pinho, Paulo Lopes, Nuno Mateus, and Victor de Freitas. "The Impact of Storage Conditions and Bottle Orientation on the Evolution of Phenolic and Volatile Compounds of Vintage Port Wine." Foods 11, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 2770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11182770.
Full textAbstract:
This work evaluates the influence of the cellar conditions and bottle orientation, on the phenolic and volatile composition of a Vintage Port wine, sealed with natural cork stoppers, for 44 months post-bottling. The storage was performed in two different cellars, namely a cellar A with controlled temperature and humidity, and a cellar B, representing a traditional cellar, with uncontrolled temperature and humidity. The impact of bottle orientation was studied in cellar A, where the bottles were stored in horizontal and vertical positions. The phenolic and volatile composition of the bottled Vintage Port wine were analyzed after 6, 15 and 44 months. The results unveiled that the cellar conditions and bottle orientation had an impact in Port wine composition which was higher at 44 months post-bottling. The samples stored in the traditional cellar unveiled significantly higher yellow tones, lower tannin specific activity, and higher levels of furfural and 5-methylfurfural. Furthermore, the samples stored in the horizontal position revealed significant higher levels of total proanthocyanidins and higher tannin specific activity than the samples stored in the vertical position. Interestingly, for the first time to our knowledge, an ellagitannin-derived compound (Corklin) was detected in Vintage Port wines stored in the horizontal position, which results from the reaction of cork constituents with phenolic compounds present in wines.
5
Huo, Jin Dong, Qi Zhang, Hong Tao Peng, Jun Wang, and Xiao Feng Peng. "Mechanical Analysis of Water Cellar Structure." Advanced Materials Research 507 (April 2012): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.507.231.
Full textAbstract:
Water cellar is an important facility to collect rainfall at the arid and semi-arid areas in China. The numerical simulation was carried out for one type of common cellar structure with concrete cellar wall, bottom floor and brick-arch roof using ABAQUS. Elastoplastic damage constitutive model was adopted to simulate the form and location of cellar cracking under different loads. Simulation results show that the circumferential cracks occures at the out side of the cellar bottom floor and the vertical cracks occures at the top of the cellar wall without water in cellar. In addition, vertical cracks also likely occures at the top of the cellar wall when full of water in cellar. Additional circle beam at the top of the cellar wall can reduce the principal tensile stress of the cellar wall and causing stress redistribution to uniform in the cross-section of cellar wall. Numerical analysis of the different locations of the reinforced concrete wall of water cellar shows that the additional circumferential steel bars at the top of the cellar wall are effective in reducing concrete cellar wall cracks.
6
Maslakov, Alexey, Ksenia Sotnikova, Gleb Gribovskii, and Dmitry Evlanov. "Thermal Simulation of Ice Cellars as a Basis for Food Security and Energy Sustainability of Isolated Indigenous Communities in the Arctic." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030972.
Full textAbstract:
Underground storage facilities dug in permafrost, or ice cellars, are a natural means of preserving food in conditions of transport isolation and total energy dependence on imported fuel. In the context of rapidly changing natural conditions, such storage facilities become unstable due to warming and degradation of permafrost. Monitoring and modeling the thermal regime of permafrost soils around ice cellars will help assess the impact of predicted climatic changes and the effectiveness of engineering solutions to sustain these facilities. In this paper, we made an attempt to simulate and predict the thermal regime of permafrost around an ice cellar, located in the community of Lorino, NE Russia. We found out that by 2050 the depth of seasonal thawing of the soil above the storage facility will increase from 1.12–1.74 m to 1.19–2.53 m, while the mean annual ground temperature will increase by only 0.5 °C, regardless of the climatic scenario. Results of the predictive simulation demonstrate significant but not critical changes of the thermal state of permafrost around the ice cellar. In fact, incorrect maintenance of the facility may have higher impact to its stability than climate changes. Some recommendations on preventive measures on increasing the ice cellar stability were provided.
7
Capece, Pietrafesa, Siesto, Romaniello, Condelli, and Romano. "Selected Indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains as Profitable Strategy to Preserve Typical Traits of Primitivo Wine." Fermentation 5, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5040087.
Full textAbstract:
Wine production by inoculated fermentation with commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is an ordinary practice in modern winemaking in order to assure the final quality of wine, although this procedure results in the production of highly homogeneous wines. The use of indigenous selected starters represents a useful tool to control alcoholic grape must fermentation, safeguarding the typical sensory characteristics of wine produced from specific regions. In this study, we selected three indigenous S. cerevisiae strains among 16 indigenous strains previously isolated from the spontaneous fermentation of Primitivo grapes, which were collected from the vineyards of three different cellars. The three selected starters (one for each cellar) were tested during fermentations at pilot scale by performing in each cellar two trials: one with an indigenous starter (specific for the winery), and one with the commercial starter AWRI796 (common to all the cellars). Starter dominance ability and influence on aromatic quality of the wine were used as criteria to test the suitability of these indigenous starters to be used at the cellar scale. The results obtained in this study showed that the indigenous strains were characterized by very high dominance ability, and the aromatic quality of wine was strongly influenced both by the inoculated strain and the interaction strain/grape must.
8
Tao, Yong, Jiabao Li, Junpeng Rui, Zhancheng Xu, Yan Zhou, Xiaohong Hu, Xiang Wang, Menghua Liu, Daping Li, and Xiangzhen Li. "Prokaryotic Communities in Pit Mud from Different-Aged Cellars Used for the Production of Chinese Strong-Flavored Liquor." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 7 (January 31, 2014): 2254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.04070-13.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTChinese strong-flavored liquor (CSFL) accounts for more than 70% of all Chinese liquor production. Microbes in pit mud play key roles in the fermentation cellar for the CSFL production. However, microbial diversity, community structure, and cellar-age-related changes in pit mud are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the prokaryotic community structure and diversity in pit-mud samples with different cellar ages (1, 10, 25, and 50 years) using the pyrosequencing technique. Results indicated that prokaryotic diversity increased with cellar age until the age reached 25 years and that prokaryotic community structure changed significantly between three cellar ages (1, 10, and 25 years). Significant correlations between prokaryotic communities and environmental variables (pH, NH4+, lactic acid, butyric acid, and caproic acid) were observed. Overall, our study results suggested that the long-term brewing operation shapes unique prokaryotic community structure and diversity as well as pit-mud chemistry. We have proposed a three-phase model to characterize the changes of pit-mud prokaryotic communities. (i) Phase I is an initial domestication period. Pit mud is characterized by abundantLactobacillusand high lactic acid and low pH levels. (ii) Phase II is a transition period. WhileLactobacillusabundance decreases dramatically, that ofBacteroidetesand methanogens increases. (iii) Phase III is a relative mature period. The prokaryotic community shows the highest diversity and capability to produce more caproic acid as a precursor for synthesis of ethyl caproate, the main flavor component in CSFL. This research provides scientific evidence to support the practical experience that old fermentation cellars produce high-quality liquor.
9
Shunchang, Pu, and Yan Shoubao. "Fungal Diversity Profiles in Pit Mud Samples from Chinese Strong-Flavour Liquor Pit." Foods 11, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 3544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11223544.
Full textAbstract:
Pit mud, a specific fermented soil, is an essential material for the fermentation of Chinese strong-flavour liquor. However, few studies to date have sought to characterize the spatial profiles of pit mud fungal communities in fermentation cellars from Chinese strong-flavour liquor distilleries. In this analysis, differences in fungal community structures and physicochemical properties in pit mud samples from different spatial positions within fermentation cellars were analyzed, revealing unique characteristic multidimensional pit mud fungal community profiles. Penicillium roqueforti, Pichia kudriavzevii, Aotearoamyces nothofagi, Penicillium robsamsonii, Alternaria arborescens, Trichosporon insectorum, Seltsamia ulmi, Trichosporon coremiiforme, Malassezia restricta were dominant in the pit mud samples form the upper cellar wall, whereas Metarhizium frigidum, Calonectria pseudoreteaudii, Penicillium clavigerum, Fusarium equiseti, Simplicillium chinense, Aspergillus intermedius, Trichosporon coremiiforme, Fusarium circinatum, Alternaria radicina, Aspergillus heterocaryoticus were predominant in the middle cellar wall. Alternaria radicina, Cladosporium chasmanthicola, Alternaria helianthiinficiens, Penicillium argentinense, Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus, and Trichosporon inkin are majorly present in the down cellar wall layer. Bipolaris axonopicola, Ramgea ozimecii, Penicillium argentinense, Calonectria queenslandica, Metarhizium robertsii, and Penicillium roqueforti were identified as the dominant fungi in pit mud samples from the cellar bottom. Additionally, Alternaria destruens and Alternaria doliconidium are present at notably high levels in all layers of pit mud samples. Moisture, pH, PO43-, acetic acid, humus, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, butyric acid, and caproic acid levels in these different pit mud positions exhibited a rising incremental pattern from the upper wall layer to the bottom layer, whereas lactic acid levels were significantly lower in the bottom pit mud layer relative to these other layers. Moisture, pH, and NH4+-N were identified as the three most significant factors associated with fungal community composition through a redundancy analysis. Overall, these findings may offer a theoretical foundation for future efforts to improve or standardize artificial pit mud.
10
Nesic, Dragan. "The results of the speleological and speleoclimatic explorations of the great ice-cellar on Devica and of the ice-cellars of Rtanj and Tupiznica." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 82, no. 2 (2002): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0202045n.
Full textAbstract:
The Great ice-cellar on Devica and the ice-cellars of Rtanj and Tupiznica are karst pits of the Karpatho-Balkan mountain system of the Eastern Serbia. These are specific speleological objects with the static ice-cellar characteristics and that implies the permanent retaining of the cold pit air without any circulation and also periodical duration of ice and snow. The climatic features of these pits are conditioned by their morphological characteristics and by the mountain climate. Our speleoclimatic explorations have pointed out to some smaller daily and somewhat bigger annual swayings of pit air temperature. These annual swaying influence the appearance and melting of ice and the absence of the air circulation between the pit and the outside in the warmer part of the year, while during the winter this circulation is present. Morphologically, these ice-cellars belong to the type of common oblique pits, while morphogenetically they are of tectonic-karst base.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cellar"
1
Lowén, Horn af Rantzien Ulrika. "ÖLAND REGIONAL WINERY & CELLAR." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-61435.
Full text
2
McCann, Clayton. "A cellar tropic : elision and the marijuana worker." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/47532.
Full textAbstract:
The marijuana worker is absent from public discourse. The following thesis will illustrate this fact. While it is indeed difficult to collect data on illicit industries like (non-medical) marijuana production, it is curious that the default representation of marijuana workers and their employers or, for the purposes of this context, growers, is either that of a gang member or an invisible, non-subject.
Ongoing, radical changes in marijuana production social labour and the surrounding socio-legal environment in Canada, the United States and beyond have wide-ranging effects in store for British Columbian industry workers and growers. Tracking relevant discourse and assessing typical representations of marijuana growers and workers in media and popular culture products reveal the ongoing construction of abject identities: malingering medical clients employing natural remedies of questionable efficacy, violent gangsters, community-destroying hooligans, and exoticized products of alterity, the hyper-racialized ethnic other. Extended periods of participant observation in multiple marijuana production sectors familiarize the ethnographer with an altogether different cast of characters: peaceful men and women working full or part time as entrepreneurial owner/operators or workers struggling to favorably balance the risk/reward ratio.
The project of comparing the resulting divergent representations and discourse⎯the armed Hell’s Angels grower you meet in the newspaper versus the single mom grower you find in her garden⎯is important as nascent structural changes threaten this occupational category in both the illicit and legal sectors. Creative re-representations found throughout are a result of participant observation-based autobiography and autoethnography methods, intended to contribute to new understandings of these hidden peoples, their life-ways and communities.Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences (Okanagan)
Graduate
3
Stansfield, Katherine. "Unlocking the cellar door : critical commentary of 'Silver and Salt'." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/be2e710b-4929-4f71-a64c-f88b6640f814.
Full textAbstract:
A historical novel set in a fictionalised version of St Ives, Cornwall, spanning the period 1875-1936, during which time pilchard fishing is replaced by tourism as the main industry in coastal communities. Silver and Salt shows the effect of this shift in industry and identity through the eyes of local woman Pearl who experiences confusion and distress at the changes in her home. She cannot separate the past from the present and is haunted by the disappearance of Nicholas, her great love, in 1889. During a riot caused by disputes over Sunday observance, based on the real-life Newlyn Riots, he vanishes. As her confusion in 1936 increases, Pearl believes that her memories show her what really happened to him. The critical commentary which accompanies the novel focuses on perceptions of Cornwall and discusses Silver and Salt’s efforts to offer a fresh construction of place through the foregrounding of the women of the Cornish pilchard industry, a group marginalised by Cornish history, academia and fiction. The commentary examines the relationship between fiction and tourism promotion in creating perceptions of Cornwall as a timeless exotic ‘other’, focusing on the work of Daphne du Maurier and the Cornish Riviera campaign of the Great Western Railway. In addition, the commentary explores the role of women in the Cornish pilchard industry, how the industry attempted to control their behaviour through its language and system of beliefs, and how the women resisted traditional ideas of femininity through their work. There is also a discussion of the narratological decisions behind the writing of the novel.
4
Van, Onselen Leon. "Business model innovation : a case study on Van Loveren family cellar." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97367.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The terms business model and business model innovation have only gained prominence over the past two decades, whilst little of the research has been applied in a South African context. The main objective of this thesis was to ascertain the reasons for success of a local business through the research and application of the themes of business models, business model innovation and blue ocean strategy to a local organisation. The subject matter of the thesis was Van Loveren Family Wine Cellar, a family-owned South African wine farm that has seen significant success over the past 15 years in a highly competitive and fragmented local market. To complete this process, it was also necessary to gain an understanding of both the global and local wine industries, and how South Africa has grown within this environment. The format of the thesis is a case study, selected because of its relevance to gaining a rich understanding of the context of the research and the processes enacted, thereby facilitating the main objectives. The case study approach also provides a tool to aid in the education of business strategy students, allowing the principles to be applied to new scenarios. The findings of the study include that there has been a shift in both consumption and production of wine from the traditional Old World to the innovative New World. This shift is being driven by new consumers of wine who are less concerned with the mystique and legacy of Old World wine, instead demanding wines that fit their lifestyles through easy drinking taste profiles with an ease of selection. This phenomenon is present in South Africa, where growth in the market is seen at lower price points. New consumers who are selecting wines that compete with existing alcohol alternatives as gateway products are driving this demand. Van Loveren launched their Four Cousins Rosé in 2000, with exponential growth experienced between 2004 and 2008, driving the product to be one of South Africa’s best-selling brands. The findings of the study were that the Van Loveren Family Cellar had positioned itself, through business model innovation, to capture the growth in new wine drinkers. Van Loveren had built a business model that provided a framework within which strategy can take on competitors. Core to their success were the long-term relationships with key buyers and the collaborative partnerships that allowed Van Loveren to utilise external capabilities as part of their own business. The success was also based on the leap of faith to enter the market in a sweeter taste profile, through the development of a brand that resonated with consumers, and in packaging that provided an attractive price point. The combination of these decisions allowed Van Loveren to capture uncontested market and grow exponentially.
5
McLachlan, Tania. "Integration of a combined UASB-ozonation treatment system for cellar effluent degradation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53749.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc Food Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The wine industry significantly contributes to South Africa's water demand and subsequent pollution of the limited resource. Wastewater is produced throughout the year with an increase in volume and organic load during the vintage season. Anaerobic digestion (AD), specifically the upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) technology has been shown to be feasible in the treatment of cellar wastewater. However, the legal standard for chemical oxygen demand (COD) for disposal in a natural water resource (75 rnq.L") is often not met. The aim of the study was to conduct a laboratory-scale investigation into the feasibility of combining pre- and post-ozonation processes with AD in order to achieve a final COD closer to the legal disposal limit. While acclimatising an UASB bioreactor containing mixed anaerobic granules to a cellar wastewater with a pH set at 8.0, stable-state conditions were not reached. Sucrose additions to the substrate, increased substrate loads, heattreatment of the substrate and an addition of isolated cellar effluent bacteria to facilitate degradation prior to AD, were all unsuccessful in maintaining stable-state in terms of COD removal efficiency. Once the substrate pH was re-set to 7.5, the reactor stabilised. The lowest efficient operational pH was found to be 5.73 resulting in a COD removal of 88% at a substrate COD < 5 000 rnq.L". At a substrate pH of 6.0, the lowest efficient operational hydraulic retention time (HRT) and corresponding organic loading rate (OLR) were 19.7 hand 9.75 kg COD.m-3d-1 , respectively, with the COD removal being maintained around 84%. The reactor effluent still had a final COD of 1280 rnq.L", which was well above the legal South African limit. Dominant bacteria were isolated from raw cellar wastewater and identified as Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Burkholderia cepacia and Cryseomonas luteola. In order to investigate the possibility that ozonation improved biodegradability, the growth of the isolates at 35°C was monitored over 24 h in sterile ozonated and non-ozonated substrates from the vintage and non-vintage seasons. All the isolates increased by at least 1.5 log cycles in the control substrates from both seasons. Ozonation of the wastewater batches for 10 min at a rate of 73 rnq.L" led to slightly increased growth of the inoculants in the substrate batch from the vintage season. For the substrates from the non-vintage season, ozonation had an inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth. A 5 min ozonation treatment at a concentration of 73 rnq.L" was found to be optimal for both a pre- and post-treatment to UASB-treatment of cellar wastewater. Both UASB treatment and ozonation were effective in reducing the COD by 85% and 20%, respectively. The COD reduction was improved to 88% when UASB treatment was combined with post-ozonation. The total reduction in total suspended solids (TSS) for the combined process was 97%, compared to 80% for UASB and 73% for an ozone treatment alone. The reduction for volatile suspended solids (VSS) was 98% compared to 81% for UASB and 73% for the ozone treatment alone. The total reduction when using a pre-ozonation UASB treatment combination was an average of 86% for COD. The TSS and VSS were both reduced by 95%. Biogas production increased from 1.4 L.d-1 to 3.8 L.d-1 when an ozonated wastewater was used as substrate. When the UASB treatment was combined with both a pre- and post-ozonation treatment process, the COD was reduced by 89% while TSS and VSS were both reduced by 99%. This study showed that pre- and post-ozonation treatment processes could successfully be utilised to improve UASB treatment of cellar wastewater. Although the legal limits for discarding into a natural resource were not met, significant progress was made in reducing COD levels. Cellar wastewaters do however, vary according to season and the wastewater composition could affect the efficiency of a pre-ozonation process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wynindustrie maak "n beduidende bydrae tot die eise wat aan Suid-Afrika se waterbronne gestel word en gevolglik die besoedeling van die beperkte hulpbron. Afloopwater, wat in volume en organiese lading gedurende die parstyd toeneem, word reg deur die jaar opgelewer. Anaërobiese vertering (AV), spesifiek die "Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket" (UASB) tegnologie, is alreeds suksesvol gebruik om kelderafloop te behandel. Die wetlike vereiste vir chemiese suurstof behoefte (CSB) vir storting in "n natuurlike hulpbron (75 rnq.L"), word egter dikwels nie bereik nie. Die doel van die studie was om in "n laboratorium-skaal ondersoek AV te kombineer met voor- en na-osoneringsprossesse, om sodoende te poog om "n CSB nader aan die wetlike standaard te verkry. Terwyl"n UASB bioreaktor wat gemengde anaerobiese granules bevat het, geakklimatiseer is tot kelderafloop met "n pH gestel tot 8.0, kon stabiele toestande nie bereik word nie. Die byvoeging van sukrose tot die substraat, verhoogde substraatladings, hitte-behandeling van die substraat en die byvoeging van geïsoleerde kelderafloop bakterië om substraatafbraak voor AV aan te help, was onsuksesvol om stabiliteit in terme van CSB-verwydering, te handhaaf. "n Verstelling van die substraat pH na 7.5, het gelei tot reaktorstabiliteit. By die laagste doeltreffende bedryfs-pH van 5.73 en substraat CSB < 5 000 rnq.L", was die CSB-verwydering 88%. By "n substraat pH van 6.0 was die laagste doeltreffende bedryfs-hidroliese retensie tyd en -organiese ladingstempo 19.7 h en 9.75 kg CSB.m-3d-1, onderskeidelik, terwyl die CSB verwydering rondom 84% gehandhaaf is. Die CSB van die reaktoruitvloesel van 1 280 rnq.L", was steeds ver bo die wetlike vereiste. Dominante bakterië is uit kelderafloop geïsoleer en as Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Burkholderia cepacia en Cryseomonas luteola, geïdentifiseer. Die moontlikheid dat osonering bioafbreekbaarheid bevorder, is ondersoek deur die groei van die isolate by 35°C oor 24 h in steriele geësoneerde en ongeësoneerde substrate te monitor. Die substrate is berei vanaf kelderafloop wat in die parsseisoen sowel as die nie-parsseisoen versamel is. AI die isolate het met ten minste 1.5 log siklusse in die kontrole substrate van beide seisoene, vermeerder. Vir die kelderafloop wat in die parsseisoen versamel is, het osonering vir 10 min teen 73 rnq.L" gelei tot effens verbeterde groei van die innokulante. Osonering het 'n onderdrukkende effek op die groei van bakterië in die afloopwater versamel in die nie-parsseisoen, gehad. Osonering vir 5 min teen 'n konsentrasie van 73 rnq.L" is as optimum vir beide voor- en na-osoneringsbehandeling tot UASB-behandeling van die kelderafloop, gevind. UASB-behandeling en osonering het die CSB met 85 en 20% onderskeidelik, verminder. Die vermindering kon tot 88% verhoog word wanneer UASB-behandeling met na-osonering gekombineer is. Die vermindering in totale gesuspendeerde vastestowwe (TGV) vir die gekombineerde proses was 97%, in vergelyking met 80% vir UASB- en 73% vir osoonbehandeling alleen. Die vermindering in vlugtige gesuspendeerde vastestowwe (VGV) was 98% in vergelyking met 81% vir UASB- en 73% vir osoonbehandeling alleen. Die totale CSB verwydering vir 'n voor-osonerings UASB kombinasie was gemiddeld 86%. Die TGV en VGV is beide met 95% verminder. Biogasproduksie het ook vermeerder vanaf 1.4 L.d-1 tot 3.8 L.d-1 toe geosoneerde afloopwater as substraat gebruik is. Die kombinasie van UASB-behandeling met voor-osonering, sowel as na-osonering het gelei tot 'n CSB-verwydering van 89% terwyl TGV en VGV beide met 99% verminder is. Hierdie studie het getoon dat voor- en na-osonering suksesvol gebruik kan word om UASB-behandeling van kelderafloop te verbeter. Hoewel wetlike vereistes vir storting in 'n natuurlike hulpbron nie bereik is nie, is beduidende vordering gemaak in die verlaging van CSB-vlakke. Die verskil in die samestelling van kelderafloop gedurende die onderskeie seisoene, kan egter die doeltreffendheid van die voor-osoneringsproses beïnvloed.
6
Hagentoft, Carl-Eric. "Heat loss to the ground from a building : slab on the ground and cellar /." Lund, 1988. http://www.byfy.lth.se/.
Full text
7
Edwards, Jonathan D. "Dispersal patterns of the cellar spider in response to manipulated sex ratios and density." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1323373141.
Full text
8
Blalock, Stephanie Michelle. "Walt Whitman at Pfaff's Beer Cellar: America's Bohemian poet and the contexts of Calamus." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2047.
Full textAbstract:
Focusing on the three-year period from 1859 to 1862 during which the poet Walt Whitman frequented Pfaff's Beer Cellar on Broadway in New York, this dissertation examines how the barroom and its unique clientele shaped the poet's life and writings. This project demonstrates that Pfaff's functioned as an American saloon and a popular salon and argues that the communities of beer cellar regulars Whitman joined there made Pfaff's the most significant social and literary space of his career.
Whitman's participation in two social and intellectual communities at Pfaff's was vital to his literary production before and during the Civil War. While Whitman prepared the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass for publication, he joined a group of writers and artists at the beer cellar--a group now recognized as the first American Bohemians. Later, he became a central figure in the "Fred Gray Association," a little-known group of young Pfaffians. This dissertation shows that Whitman's membership in the Bohemian coterie influenced his writing and revision of his homoerotic Calamus poems, first published in Leaves of Grass (1860). It also reveals that Whitman's time with the Fred Gray members served as a foreground for his volunteer work in Washington's wartime hospitals, where he not only attempted to recreate the beer cellar environment as best he could under terrible conditions, but he also continued to practice the theories of affection he put forth in Calamus .
By studying Whitman's years at Pfaff's through an interdisciplinary approach that draws on methodologies ranging from cultural studies and literary history to gender and sexuality studies, this dissertation makes significant contributions to several fields of literary study. In addition to offering a fuller understanding of Whitman's literary production at Pfaff's, it contributes to biographical studies of the poet by drawing connections between his personal and professional transitions from temperance writer to bar-hopping Bohemian, and, finally, from a Pfaffian poet to a hospital volunteer. This study also adds to the history of sexuality by places Whitman's Calamus poems, which are counted among his most sexually radical, in the context of nineteenth-century debates concerning gender and sexuality. It also explores the counter-cultural communities that formed at Pfaff's and illuminates how Whitman's writing is intertwined with the space of the barroom and his relationships to its inhabitants. Finally, this dissertation illustrates how underground networks respond to the larger social and cultural milieus that they both exist within and position themselves against.
9
Chen, Wei-Ying Kathleen. "Mystery visitors as a vehicle to explore service quality at cellar doors of the Stellenbosch Wine Route." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1707.
Full textAbstract:
Mini-thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY: MARKETING MANAGEMENT
in the Faculty of Business
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2010This study examines the validity of the mystery shopper research method, which was applied in the context of wine tourism. In the process of achieving this objective, the service quality of selected wine estates along the Stellenbosch Wine Route (SWR) was also established. Furthermore, the findings reveal whether this research method is beneficial to facilitate customer relationships. Wine tourism is considered a special interest tourism that has received heightened global attention in the past decade, both practically and academically. This growth is also mirrored domestically, as wine tourism is one of the major attractions in the Western Cape. Since 2006, the number of wine estates in the Stellenbosch region rose by 12.3%, resulting in more than 140 wine estates that are currently available. This ultimately means that there are more wine estates, which all compete for the same customer base, and this increases competitiveness. Moreover, being a relatively homogenous product offering, with the key differential point being the actual winescape, it is important that wine estates focus on delivering superior service quality in order to achieve competitive advantage. This also calls for a need to systematically test service quality and procedures to ensure that desired levels are maintained. The research methodology that was used is exploratory in nature, comprising of two in-depth interviews and sixteen mystery visits via judgmental sampling. The mystery visits were conducted at the Stellenbosch Hills and Bottelary Hills sub-routes. One popular and one less recognised wine estate per sub-route were observed. Findings showed that service quality at these estates are generally high, yet experiences at all estates were vastly different. The most important discovery is that the concept of mystery visitors is, in fact, an appropriate vehicle to assess service quality and to facilitate customer relationships. This method was successful in identifying the source of problems that led to sub-optimal performance, which allowed for corrective action to be taken. As a result, the service quality of the estates can be further increased to ensure a perfect experience on each occasion, which, over time, builds the reputati~n of the wine estate. Ultimately, this research has demonstrated that mystery visitors can be applied in the context of tourism on both an individual and collective scale. Key words: wine tourism, special interest tourism, wine tourists, Western Cape, Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Wine Route, service quality, research method, mystery shopper and mystery visitor.
10
Domenti, Ana. "O imaginário do lugar." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11035.
Full textBooks on the topic "Cellar"
More sourcesBook chapters on the topic "Cellar"
1
Hearn, Keith, and Jennifer Murray. "Cellar work." In Barcraft, 44–55. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10170-2_5.
Full text
2
Cracknell, H. L., and G. Nobis. "Bar and Cellar Operation." In The New Catering Repertoire, 384–92. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21007-7_16.
Full text
3
Davis, Philip J., and William G. Chinn. "Division in the Cellar." In 3.1416 And All That, 131–36. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8519-0_18.
Full text
4
Evans, Jennifer V. "The Cellar and the Bunker." In Life among the Ruins, 16–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230316652_2.
Full text
5
Ishida, Toshikazu, and Shuichi Inokuchi. "Limit Cycle for Composited Cellar Automata." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 32–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33350-7_4.
Full text
6
Gómez-Martínez, Raúl, Camilo Prado-Román, and Francisco Díez-Martín. "Google Search Activity as Thermometer of Wine Cellar Visitors." In Wine and Tourism, 247–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18857-7_17.
Full text
7
Cain, Tom, and Ruth Connolly. "The dedication of the King's new cellar: to Bacchus." In The Poems of Ben Jonson, 946–48. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315696195-308.
Full text
8
Matsubara, Takashi, and Hiroyuki Torikai. "Hardware-Oriented Neuron Modeling Approach by Reconfigurable Asynchronous Cellar Automaton." In Mathematical Approaches to Biological Systems, 55–75. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55444-8_3.
Full text
9
Dehling, Florian, Tobias Mengel, and Luigi Lo Iacono. "Rotten Cellar: Security and Privacy of the Browser Cache Revisited." In Secure IT Systems, 20–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35055-0_2.
Full text
10
Smith, Anna. "‘Into the Cellar of the Native House’: Kristeva and Psychoanalysis." In Julia Kristeva, 130–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230372078_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Cellar"
1
HASHIMOTO, YUKIHIRO. "CREATION-ANNIHILATION PROCESSES ON CELLAR COMPLECIES." In Proceedings of the RIMS Workshop on Infinite-Dimensional Analysis and Quantum Probability. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812705242_0009.
Full text
2
Zhou, Huijuan, Limin Jia, and Yong Qin. "Cellar Automaton Model for Railway Transportation Safety System." In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling Workshop (KAM 2008 Workshop). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kamw.2008.4810609.
Full text
3
Zahoor Ullah, Syed, and Abdulqawi Al Fakih. "Drilling in Area of Unstable Shallower Formations Prone to Cellar & Rig Pad Collapse: Turning the Impossible to Possible." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211504-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In a major Oil Field in Middle East, eight wells are abandoned and ten had narrow escape, while drilling surface hole due to shallow sand collapse resulting in cellar and surrounding area to subside, locally known as Cellar Collapse and carry high severity risk. Considering the out of proportion risk, drilling engineering team of project formulated an out of the box solution with enough contingencies to cope with this risk and drilled subsequent wells successfully. The task of cellar collapse prevention and mitigation plan was divided in three phases. In first phase, cellar collapse risk level was identified by generating a risk identification map of the field after analyzing almost all the wells (more than 500 wells) drilled in this field. After identifying with help of this map that cellar collapse risk exists mainly in a specific area of the field, temporary plan was not to drill in this high-risk area of +/- 2 km2 of field. However, it left this area of the reservoir undrained which was not acceptable to reservoir development. As neither leaving the area of the field undrained nor abandoning the wells due to cellar collapse was sustainable, the task was taken to the next phase to formulate a plan to make the drilling possible in this area or similar areas in this field or other fields. As such based on investigative analysis of all the previous incidents, the engineering team proposed a structural approach for an innovative and vigorous plan along with risk assessment and complete scope of contingency measures. This included pilot hole drilling, changing drilling fluid system, drilling parameters, identification of early signs of the risk, changing casing seats, utilization of casing while drilling and a pre-defined strategy to optionally cure losses based on depth of losses. Following the identification of the structure of the plan, a detailed procedure with specifics on fluid properties, expected rock behavior during drilling, detailed contingencies and flow charts were developed. With this plan, subsequent wells were drilled with 100% success, in high risk zone of cellar collapse where the plan was further updated with lessons learnt on well by well basis. This unique technique which included more than one measures targeting each specific aspect of cellar collapse mechanism, is adopted for the first time the field. Considering its success rate, it can be adopted in anywhere since most fields in middle east have incompetent shallow formations. This paper provides of details including mechanism of cellar collapse, severity of risk, conventionally attempted unsuccessfully prevention attempts, newly developed strategy followed by its successful applications and lessons learnt.
4
Li, Haiying. "Study on the Ice Cellar Ruins in Early Ancient China." In 4th International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI 2022). Amsterdam: Athena International Publishing B.V., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55060/s.atssh.221230.011.
Full text
5
Ju, Jinwu, and Lanying Wang. "The design of liquor cellar monitoring system based on Windows CE." In 2015 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Computer Engineering and Electronics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icecee-15.2015.36.
Full text
6
Aladro-Prieto, José-Manuel, Francisco Javier Ostos-Prieto, and María Murillo-Romero. "The standardisation of vernacular architecture. Wine buildings in Andalusia." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15136.
Full textAbstract:
Production buildings constitute a specific section of vernacular architecture, with distinct characteristics. In Andalusia, within this group, the architecture of wine, acquires an important relevancne, the wine cellars. They are a large number of buildings, which were built in the 18th, and 19th centuries. This happened when traditional Andalusian wine production was transformed into a modern wine industry. An industrial development generated a vast architectural ensemble of unique characteristics. This has been studied especially in the Sherry wine region, but it is also present in other regions such as Montilla-Moriles or El Condado de Huelva. The architectural, and industrial wine development in the 19th century was fundamentally based on the repetition of a specific model: the basilica cellar. A simplified formal, and constructive system that comes from the standardisation of the vernacular cellar, and that establishes early points of convergence with the industrial building. A model that continues the tradition in terms of construction, and structure, but conceptually modern in its modular, and repeatable condition. Its reiteration, and extreme simplification made possible the construction of large industrial complexes, and the city transformation. The industrial importance achieved by the wine agro-industry, and the vernacular quality of its architecture introduce different references in Spanish industrial historiography.
7
Загваздин, Е. П., and П. Г. Данилов. "Tobolsk powder cellar of the 17th century: from excavations to visual reconstruction." In Археология и геоинформатика. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-289-6.42-44.
Full text
8
Zhang, Guo-zhen, Chun-sheng He, Zong-ming Mi, and Ling-hua Liu. "The Variation Rule of the Rainwater Quality in Simulation Cellar of Different Materials." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5516094.
Full text
9
Liu, Yaolin, Molenaar Martin, Yanfang Liu, and Jianhua He. "Landuse change model based on cellar automata of decision-making with grey situation." In Remote Sensing, edited by Manfred Owe, Guido D'Urso, Jose F. Moreno, and Alfonso Calera. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.510896.
Full text
10
Conchado Peiró, Andrea, José Miguel Carot Sierra, Elena Vázquez Barrachina, and Enrique Orduña Malea. "Proposal of a composite indicator for measuring social media presence in the wine market." In CARMA 2020 - 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2020.2020.11647.
Full textAbstract:
Cybermetrics field is attracting considerable interest due to its utility as a data-oriented technique for research, though it may provide misleading information when used in complex systems. This paper outlines a new approach to market research analysis through the definition of composite indicators for cybermetrics, applied to the Spanish wine market. Our findings show that the majority of cellars were present in only one or two social media networks: Facebook, Twitter or both. Besides, the presence on the Web can be summarized into three principal components: website quality, presence on Facebook, and presence on Twitter. Three groups of cellars were identified according to their position in these components: cellars with a high number of errors in their website with complete absence of information in social media, cellars with strong presence in social media, and cellars in an intermediate position. Our results constitute an excellent initial step towards the definition of a methodology for building composite indicators in cybermetrics. From a practical approach, these indicators may encourage cellar managers to make better decisions towards their transition to the digital market.
Reports on the topic "Cellar"
1
Williams, Thomas. Cell Biology Board Game: Cell Survival (School Version). University of Dundee, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001270.
Full textAbstract:
Cells are the smallest units of life. The environment around cells is always changing. Cells need to adapt to survive. This curriculum linked game and lesson plan introduces the world of cells to pupils 8-13. But can they keep their cells alive? This is a guide to how the cell survival resources can be used in a lesson and can be adapted as the teacher sees fit to do so. This lesson is aimed at 8-13 year olds, and fits into an hour long session. The Cell Survival Game has been adapted for both home use and for use in the classroom, and is accompanied by a series of videos. Learning Outcomes – Cells are the smallest unit of life – There are many different types of cells, and some examples of cell types – Cells experience many dangers, and some examples of dangers – How cells notice and defend themselves against dangers Links to the Curriculum – Health and Wellbeing: I am developing my understanding of the human body – Languages: I can find specific information in a straight forward text (book and instructions) to learn new things, I discover new words and phrases (relating to cells) – Mathematics: I am developing a sense of size and amount (by using the dice), I am exploring number processes (addition and subtraction) and understand they represent quantities (steps to finish line), I am learning about measurements (cell sizes) and am exploring patterns (of cell defences against dangers) – Science: I am learning about biodiversity (different types of microbes), body systems, cells and how they work. – Technology: I am learning about new technologies (used to understand how cells work).
2
Sukumar, Saraswati. Cellular Plasticity of Epithelial Cells-Cause of Metastasis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448411.
Full text
3
Barg, Rivka, Erich Grotewold, and Yechiam Salts. Regulation of Tomato Fruit Development by Interacting MYB Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592647.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Background to the topic: Early tomato fruit development is executed via extensive cell divisions followed by cell expansion concomitantly with endoreduplication. The signals involved in activating the different modes of growth during fruit development are still inadequately understood. Addressing this developmental process, we identified SlFSM1 as a gene expressed specifically during the cell-division dependent stages of fruit development. SlFSM1 is the founder of a class of small plant specific proteins containing a divergent SANT/MYB domain (Barg et al 2005). Before initiating this project, we found that low ectopic over-expression (OEX) of SlFSM1 leads to a significant decrease in the final size of the cells in mature leaves and fruits, and the outer pericarp is substantially narrower, suggesting a role in determining cell size and shape. We also found the interacting partners of the Arabidopsis homologs of FSM1 (two, belonging to the same family), and cloned their tomato single homolog, which we named SlFSB1 (Fruit SANT/MYB–Binding1). SlFSB1 is a novel plant specific single MYB-like protein, which function was unknown. The present project aimed at elucidating the function and mode of action of these two single MYB proteins in regulating tomato fruit development. The specific objectives were: 1. Functional analysis of SlFSM1 and its interacting protein SlFSB1 in relation to fruit development. 2. Identification of the SlFSM1 and/or SlFSB1 cellular targets. The plan of work included: 1) Detailed phenotypic, histological and cellular analyses of plants ectopically expressing FSM1, and plants either ectopically over-expressing or silenced for FSB1. 2) Extensive SELEX analysis, which did not reveal any specific DNA target of SlFSM1 binding, hence the originally offered ChIP analysis was omitted. 3) Genome-wide transcriptional impact of gain- and loss- of SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 function by Affymetrix microarray analyses. This part is still in progress and therefore results are not reported, 4) Search for additional candidate partners of SlFSB1 revealed SlMYBI to be an alternative partner of FSB1, and 5) Study of the physical basis of the interaction between SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 and between FSB1 and MYBI. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We established that FSM1 negatively affects cell expansion, particularly of those cells with the highest potential to expand, such as the ones residing inner to the vascular bundles in the fruit pericarp. On the other hand, FSB1 which is expressed throughout fruit development acts as a positive regulator of cell expansion. It was also established that besides interacting with FSM1, FSB1 interacts also with the transcription factor MYBI, and that the formation of the FSB1-MYBI complex is competed by FSM1, which recognizes in FSB1 the same region as MYBI does. Based on these findings a model was developed explaining the role of this novel network of the three different MYB containing proteins FSM1/FSB1/MYBI in the control of tomato cell expansion, particularly during fruit development. In short, during early stages of fruit development (Phase II), the formation of the FSM1-FSB1 complex serves to restrict the expansion of the cells with the greatest expansion potential, those non-dividing cells residing in the inner mesocarp layers of the pericarp. Alternatively, during growth phase III, after transcription of FSM1 sharply declines, FSB1, possibly through complexing with the transcription factor MYBI serves as a positive regulator of the differential cell expansion which drives fruit enlargement during this phase. Additionally, a novel mechanism was revealed by which competing MYB-MYB interactions could participate in the control of gene expression. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The demonstrated role of the FSM1/FSB1/MYBI complex in controlling differential cell growth in the developing tomato fruit highlights potential exploitations of these genes for improving fruit quality characteristics. Modulation of expression of these genes or their paralogs in other organs could serve to modify leaf and canopy architecture in various crops.
4
Williams, Thomas. Cell Biology Board Game: Cell Survival (Home Version). University of Dundee, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001271.
Full text
5
Moran, Nava, Richard Crain, and Wolf-Dieter Reiter. Regulation by Light of Plant Potassium Uptake through K Channels: Biochemical, Physiological and Biophysical Study. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571356.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The swelling of plant motor cells is regulated by various signals with almost unknown mediators. One of the obligatory steps in the signaling cascade is the activation of K+-influx channels -K+ channels activated by hyperpolarization (KH channels). We thus explored the regulation of these channels in our model system, motor cell protoplasts from Samanea saman, using patch-clamp in the "whole cell" configuration. (a) The most novel finding was that the activity of KH channels in situ varied with the time of the day, in positive correlation with cell swelling: in Extensor cells KH channels were active in the earlier part of the day, while in Flexor cells only during the later part of the day; (b) High internal pH promoted the activity of these channels in Extensor cells, opposite to the behavior of the equivalent channels in guard cells, but in conformity with the predicted behavior of the putative KH channel, cloned from S. saman recently; (c) HIgh external K+ concentration increased (KH channel currents in Flexor cells. BL depolarized the Flexor cells, as detected in cell-attached patch-clamp recording, using KD channels (the K+-efflux channels) as "voltage-sensing devices". Subsequent Red-Light (RL) pulse followed by Darkness, hyperpolarized the cell. We attribute these changes to the inhibition of the H+-pump by BL and its reactivation by RL, as they were abolished by an H+-pump inhibitor. BL increased also the activity KD channels, in a voltage-independent manner - in all probability by an independent signaling pathway. Blue-Light (BL), which stimulates shrinking of Flexor cells, evoked the IP3 signaling cascade (detected directly by IP3 binding assay), known to mobilize cytosolic Ca2+. Nevertheless, cytosolic Ca2+ . did not activate the KD channel in excised, inside-out patches. In this study we established a close functional similarity of the KD channels between Flexor and Extensior cells. Thus the differences in their responses must stem from different links to signaling in both cell types.
6
Petitte, James, Hefzibah Eyal-Giladi, and Malka Ginsburg. The Study of Primordial Germ Cell Development as a Tool for Gene Transfer in Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1991.7561071.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The ability to introduce novel genetic material into the genome of commercial poultry has been impeded by a lack of kowledge regarding the origin in the early embryo of the target cell of interest, namely, the germ cell. Hence, this project investigated the emergence of primordial germ cells (PGCs) during the early development of the avian embryo to aid in efforts to produce transgenic poultry on a routine basis. The strategy was to introduce foreign DNA into the area of the unincubated embryo that is destined to give rise to the germ line. The objectives of this project were: 1) to identify and localize a subpopulation of cells in the early embryo which will give rise to PGCs, 2) to determine the best location and stage of development to transfer donor cells for efficient germline chimerism, and 3) to transfect donor cells to produce transgenic/germline chimeric embryos. We show that by using the monoclonal antibody SSEA-1 and by various cell culture techniques that germ cells appear to segregate from the somatic lineages at St. X., a process that is gradual and continues through St. XIV. Using microsurgical transplantation between quail and chick embryos, we demonstrated that the inner 1/3 of the area pellucida between states X-XII gives rise to about 2/3 of the germ cell population at the time of their residence in the germinal crescent. Because of the non-localized emergence of PGCs, attempts to introduce foreign DNA into clonal precursors of germ cells through liposome-mediated transfection yielded unacceptable levels of efficiency. However, through our investigation of germ cell origins, an in vitro model of germ cell differentiation was developed that could offer a means of determining the factors required for the long term culture of avian PGCs thereby providing a convenient means of manipulating the avian genome.
7
Bercovier, Herve, Raul Barletta, and Shlomo Sela. Characterization and Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Secreted and Cellular Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573078.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular vaccine against paratuberculosis based on protein antigen(s). A prerequisite to achieve this goal is to analyze and characterize Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Mpt) secreted and cellular proteins eliciting a protective immune response. In the context of this general objective, we proposed to identify, clone, produce, and characterize: the Mpt 85B antigen and other Mpt immunoreactive secreted proteins, the Mpt L7/L12 ribosomal protein and other immunoreactive cellular proteins, Mpt protein determinants involved in invasion of epithelial cells, and Mpt protein antigens specifically expressed in macrophages. Paratuberculosis is still a very serious problem in Israel and in the USA. In the USA, a recent survey evaluated that 21.6% of the dairy herd were infected with Mpt resulting in 200-250 million dollars in annual losses. Very little is known on the virulence factors and on protective antigens of Mpt. At present, the only means of controlling this disease are culling or vaccination. The current vaccines do not allow a clear differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular paratuberculosis vaccine based on Mpt protein antigen(s) compatible with diagnostic tests. To achieve this goal it is necessary to analyze and characterize secreted and cellular proteins candidate for such a vaccine. Representative Mpt libraries (shuttle plasmid and phage) were constructed and used to study Mpt genes and gene products described below and will be made available to other research groups. In addition, two approaches were performed which did not yield the expected results. Mav or Mpt DNA genes that confer upon Msg or E. coli the ability to invade and/or survive within HEp-2 cells were not identified. Likewise, we were unable to characterize the 34-39 kDa induced secreted proteins induced by stress factors due to technical difficulties inherent to the complexity of the media needed to support substantial M. pt growth. We identified, isolated, sequenced five Mpt proteins and expressed four of them as recombinant proteins that allowed the study of their immunological properties in sensitized mice. The AphC protein, found to be up regulated by low iron environment, and the SOD protein are both involved in protecting mycobacteria against damage and killing by reactive oxygen (Sod) and nitrogen (AhpC) intermediates, the main bactericidal mechanisms of phagocytic cells. SOD and L7/L12 ribosomal proteins are structural proteins constitutively expressed. 85B and CFP20 are both secreted proteins. SOD, L7/L12, 85B and CFP20 were shown to induce a Th1 response in immunized mice whereas AphC was shown by others to have a similar activity. These proteins did not interfere with the DTH reaction of naturally infected cows. Cellular immunity provides protection in mycobacterial infections, therefore molecules inducing cellular immunity and preferentially a Th1 pathway will be the best candidate for the development of an acellular vaccine. The proteins characterized in this grant that induce a cell-mediated immunity and seem compatible with diagnostic tests, are good candidates for the construction of a future acellular vaccine.
8
Dooner, Mark, Jason M. Aliotta, Jeffrey Pimental, Gerri J. Dooner, Mehrdad Abedi, Gerald Colvin, Qin Liu, Heinz-Ulli Weier, Mark S. Dooner, and Peter J. Quesenberry. Cell Cycle Related Differentiation of Bone Marrow Cells into Lung Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/936517.
Full text
9
Epel, Bernard, and Roger Beachy. Mechanisms of intra- and intercellular targeting and movement of tobacco mosaic virus. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695874.bard.
Full textAbstract:
To cause disease, plant viruses must replicate and spread locally and systemically within the host. Cell-to-cell virus spread is mediated by virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which modify the structure and function of plasmodesmata (Pd), trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels that interconnect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) employ a single MP for cell- cell spread and for which CP is not required. The PIs, Beachy (USA) and Epel (Israel) and co-workers, developed new tools and approaches for study of the mechanism of spread of TMV that lead to a partial identification and molecular characterization of the cellular machinery involved in the trafficking process. Original research objectives: Based on our data and those of others, we proposed a working model of plant viral spread. Our model stated that MPᵀᴹⱽ, an integral ER membrane protein with its C-terminus exposed to the cytoplasm (Reichel and Beachy, 1998), alters the Pd SEL, causes the Pd cytoplasmic annulus to dilate (Wolf et al., 1989), allowing ER to glide through Pd and that this gliding is cytoskeleton mediated. The model claimed that in absence of MP, the ER in Pd (the desmotubule) is stationary, i.e. does not move through the Pd. Based on this model we designed a series of experiments to test the following questions: -Does MP potentiate ER movement through the Pd? - In the presence of MP, is there communication between adjacent cells via ER lumen? -Does MP potentiate the movement of cytoskeletal elements cell to cell? -Is MP required for cell-to-cell movement of ER membranes between cells in sink tissue? -Is the binding in situ of MP to RNA specific to vRNA sequences or is it nonspecific as measured in vitro? And if specific: -What sequences of RNA are involved in binding to MP? And finally, what host proteins are associated with MP during intracellular targeting to various subcellular targets and what if any post-translational modifications occur to MP, other than phosphorylation (Kawakami et al., 1999)? Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. A new quantitative tool was developed to measure the "coefficient of conductivity" of Pd to cytoplasmic soluble proteins. Employing this tool, we measured changes in Pd conductivity in epidermal cells of sink and source leaves of wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) plants expressing MPᵀᴹⱽ incubated both in dark and light and at 16 and 25 ᵒC (Liarzi and Epel, 2005 (appendix 1). To test our model we measured the effect of the presence of MP on cell-to-cell spread of a cytoplasmic fluorescent probe, of two ER intrinsic membrane protein-probes and two ER lumen protein-probes fused to GFP. The effect of a mutant virus that is incapable of cell-to-cell spread on the spread of these probes was also determined. Our data shows that MP reduces SEL for cytoplasmic molecules, dilates the desmotubule allowing cell-cell diffusion of proteins via the desmotubule lumen and reduces the rate of spread of the ER membrane probes. Replicase was shown to enhance cell-cell spread. The data are not in support of the proposed model and have led us to propose a new model for virus cell-cell spread: this model proposes that MP, an integral ER membrane protein, forms a MP:vRNAER complex and that this ER-membrane complex diffuses in the lipid milieu of the ER into the desmotubule (the ER within the Pd), and spreads cell to cell by simple diffusion in the ER/desmotubule membrane; the driving force for spread is the chemical potential gradient between an infected cell and contingent non-infected neighbors. Our data also suggests that the virus replicase has a function in altering the Pd conductivity. Transgenic plant lines that express the MP gene of the Cg tobamovirus fused to YFP under the control the ecdysone receptor and methoxyfenocide ligand were generated by the Beachy group and the expression pattern and the timing and targeting patterns were determined. A vector expressing this MPs was also developed for use by the Epel lab . The transgenic lines are being used to identify and isolate host genes that are required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV/tobamoviruses. This line is now being grown and to be employed in proteomic studies which will commence November 2005. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis is being developed to identify and isolate host genes required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV.
10
Dr. Carol Lynn George, Dr Carol Lynn George. Can our cell's mitochondria power a cell phone? Experiment, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/1755.
Full text