Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellular contexts'
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Panzilius, Elena [Verfasser], and Magdalena [Akademischer Betreuer] Götz. "Dissection and identification of cellular contexts that determine sensitivity to ferroptosis in human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer / Elena Panzilius ; Betreuer: Magdalena Götz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121603916X/34.
Full textLopez, Cécile. "Etude des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires des leucémies pédiatriques à mauvais pronostic présentant la fusion ETO2-GLIS2." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS413.
Full textThe ETO2-GLIS2 fusion, recently discovered in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) and other subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is associated with poor prognosis.The aim of this work was to study the mechanisms involved in ETO2-GLIS2 leukemic cells and its specific association with pediatric leukemia.Molecular analyses have shown that ETO2-GLIS2 binds to DNA via the GLIS2 moiety as well as via ETO2 and its partners (including GATA, ETS, RUNX), leading to a strong dysregulation of the expression of transcription factors including ERG and GATA1.I have developed an inducible murine model of ETO2-GLIS2 fusion that efficiently reproduces the different hematopoietic malignancies observed in humans. We were able to observe the influence of developmental stage (fetal vs. Adulte hematopoiesis) and cell type (hematopoietic stem cell vs. Multipotant progenitor) on the phenotype and aggressiveness of leukemia. In addition, the transcriptional dysregulation imposed by ETO2-GLIS2 was different according to the cellular context.Overall, these results indicate that ETO2-GLIS2 fusion is sufficient to induce leukemia whose phenotype and aggressiveness are dependent on the cellular context in which the oncogene is expressed. They also indicate that cellular and molecular changes during development are responsible for the high prevalence of AMKL in children
Hashimoto, Kyoichi. "Cellular context-dependent consequences of Apc mutations on gene regulation and cellular behavior." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/230974.
Full textKühn, Clemens. "Modeling and analysis of yeast osmoadaptation in cellular context." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16287.
Full textMathematical modeling has become an important tool in biology, reflected in the emergence of systems biology. Successful application of mathematical methods to biological questions requires collaboration of experimental and theoretical scientists to identify and study the problem at hand and to ensure that biology and model match. In this thesis, I present two studies on adaptation to hyperosmotic conditions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae: A biologically faithful description of the signaling pathways activating Hog1 and a model integrating the effects of Hog1-activity and cellular metabolism, describing osmoadaptation in cellular context. The study of osmoadaptation in cellular context suggests that Hog1 and Fps1, two crucial components of adaptation, interact upon hyperosmotic stress. This finding is facilitated by incorporating multiple strains with mutations leading to partly oppositional phenotypes. This study further reveals that the role of glycerol in long term adaptation has been overestimated so far. According to the results presented here, glycerol is utilized as an ’emergency’ osmoprotectant and other compounds, e.g. trehalose, contribute significantly to osmoadaptation. Accounting for the state of multiple cellular mechanisms (Hog1-activity, glycolysis, growth) shows that adaptation to hyperosmotic stress and the impact of the individual mechanisms of adaptation is context dependent and that adaptation to sustained osmostress is not perfect, the expense reflected in a reduced growth rate in hyperosmotic medium. Time-dependent sensitivity analysis supports the notion of context. The perspective chosen allows observations on intracellular signaling components, metabolites and growth speed. Comparison with a study that describes osmoadaptation as perfect adaptation highlights the role of this perspective for the conclusions drawn, thus emphasizing the importance of an integrative perspective for understanding biological systems.
Stoney, Ruth. "Using pathway networks to model context dependent cellular function." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/using-pathway-networks-to-model-context-dependent-cellular-function(562db48d-5e8b-40bb-8457-47c9a3455f9c).html.
Full textMendonca, Costa Javier. "Context-Aware Machine to Machine Communications in Cellular Networks." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143180.
Full textPernagallo, Salvatore. "Biocompatible polymer microarrays for cellular high-content screening." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7571.
Full textLaurin, David. "Maturation des cellules dendritiques en contexte allogénique et identification d'un antigène mineur d'histocompatibilité restreint par le CMH de classe II." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T220.
Full textLaforce-Lavoie, Audrey. "Relation entre les cellules endothéliales microvasculaires et les myofibroblastes dans un contexte de cicatrisation cutanée normale et hypertrophique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28393/28393.pdf.
Full textSeverson, David T. "A study of the cellular and environmental context of Barrett's esophagus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:088fe233-8b47-4ce5-aa84-6a74ddfa89d4.
Full textMarozzi, E. C. "The cellular and molecular characterisation of context representation in entorhinal cortex." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1418414/.
Full textRutter, Brian D. "Contents and Functions of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Plants." Thesis, Indiana University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13808326.
Full textExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, lipid compartments that function in the long-distance transport of proteins, nucleic acids and other metabolites. In mammals, EVs are important vehicles of intercellular communication and play a crucial role in modulating immune responses. Plant cells also secrete EVs, particularly in response to infection, but the contents of these vesicles have not been analyzed and their function is unknown. To better understand plant EVs and their roles in defense and signaling, I first pioneered methods for isolating and purifying EVs from the intercellular wash of Arabidopsis leaves. Secondly, I examined the protein and RNA contents of purified EVs. Proteomic analyses revealed that Arabidopsis EVs are enriched for defense- and stress-related proteins. Consistent with this finding, EV secretion was enhanced in response to biotic stress. Furthermore, a collaboration with Blake Meyer’s laboratory at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center identified several species of small RNA in purified EV samples, as well as a surprising enrichment for tiny RNAs (tyRNAs) 10 to 17 nt long. Finally, by examining the interactions between Arabidopsis EVs and the plant pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum, I discovered that plant EVs associate with fungal structures and affect developing fungal morphology. Combined, my research represents a significant advancement in the field of plant EV research. It provides strong evidence for the involvement of plant EVs in the immune response and suggests they are capable of trafficking proteins and RNAs into invading pathogens.
Diakhate, Cheikh. "Propagation channel modeling at centimeter–and–millimeter–wave frequencies in 5G urban micro–cellular context." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT017/document.
Full textThe advent of bandwidth–demanding mobile applications and services has led to a massive explosion of the network data traffic. In order to alleviate this issue, millimeter–Wave communications systems are a promising technology for future 5G systems thanks to the large amount of bandwidth available in this frequency range. However, in order to take full advantage of this technology, knowledge of the radio propagation channel characteristics in these frequency bands is paramount. Therefore, in this thesis, the objective is to study the frequency–dependence of the propagation channel large scale parameters (LSPs), which describe the main channel characteristics. These LSPs include the building penetration losses, the channel delay spread, the channel azimuth spread and the propagation path–loss. The studies are performed thanks to measurement campaigns conducted in Belfort, in typical 5G deployment scenarios such as outdoor–to–indoor and urban outdoor environments, between 3 and 60 GHz
Rabie, Erika. "Methylglyoxal content in Southern African honey : antibacterial and cellular effects." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56945.
Full textDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
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Nassif, Amal Roujeau Jean-Claude. "Caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle des lymphocytes T contenus dans le liquide de bulles au cours de syndrome de Lyell." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0394964.pdf.
Full textVersion électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. : 119 réf.
Balenci, Laurent. "Etude de la protéine IQGAP1 dans un contexte physiologique de la neurogenèse adulte et dans un contexte pathologique de tumeurs cérébrales." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129290.
Full textLa protéine IQGAP1, que nous avons étudiée dans le cerveau dans un contexte physiologique et pathologique, s'est révélée être un nouveau marqueur de cellules souches/progénitrices normales et tumorales. A travers une étude comparative de souris sauvages et iqgap1-/-, nous avons analysé les propriétés et le comportement in vivo comme in vitro des cellules souches/progénitrices neurales. Nous avons démontré qu'IQGAP1 joue un rôle dans la neurogenèse adulte en régulant la migration des cellules progénitrices neurales en réponse au VEGF, facteur pléïotropique intervenant notamment dans la neurogenèse et l'angiogenèse tumorale. D'autre part, dans un contexte tumoral de gliomes humains et chimio-induits chez le rat, la caractérisation de cette protéine dans des cellules souches/progénitrices tumorales au sein de tumeurs malignes a permis d'attribuer un rôle putatif à la protéine IQGAP1 dans l'expansion tumorale par la dissémination de ces cellules cancéreuses. L'identification et la caractérisation de tous les mécanismes environnementaux régulant la motilité et la migration des précurseurs neuraux normaux pourraient s'avérer utile pour la compréhension des mécanismes d'invasion tumorale et pour le développement de thérapies anti-cancéreuses plus efficaces.
Zapata, Garin Claire-Alix. "Glycogen regulates cellular proliferation in the context of aging, tumorigenesis, and hepatic regeneration." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667163.
Full textLorant, Judith. "Cellules souches adultes MuStem : phénotype, myogénicité, immunomodulation et contexte immunologique d'administration in vivo." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ONIR090F/document.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a X-linked recessive disorder that results from mutation in the dystrophin gene leading to a total lack of the protein. It is the most frequent muscular dystrophy with no curative treatment. The lab made a proof of concept of the systemic delivery of a muscle-derived adult stem cell population called MuStem cells in dystrophic dog, the clinically relevant DMD model. The aim of my Ph.D. was to characterize the human population (hMuStem) in terms of phenotype, myogenicity, immunomodulation and immunological context of in vivo delivery. hMuStem cell population is composed of myogenic progenitors with mesenchymal/perivascular imprint. It exhibits a high proliferative capacity, an oligopotency and a participation to muscle regeneration after transplantation into injured muscle. It displays immunomodulatory properties by interacting with adaptive and innate immunity with inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and complement thanks to expression of surface molecules and/or secreted factors. At last, an immunosuppressive regimen restricted to the allogeneic injection period is necessary but sufficient to avoid host immune response. Collectively, these results allow a better understanding of identity and action modalities of MuStem cell population
Lansiaux, Pauline. "Mécanismes d'action moléculaires de l'hydroxycarbamide dans les cellules endothéliales dans le contexte de la drépanocytose." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077209.
Full textHydroxycarbamide (HC) is the only effective drug by reducing vaso-occlusive crisis in sicle cell disease patients. It is now admitted that HC acts on additional target cells than red cells and our team focuses on its mechanism of action in vascular endothelial cells (VEC). We showed that HC increases the expression of mimerons inflammatory molecules and decreases the expression of the adhesion molecule VCAM-1 and the vasoconstrictor ET-1. The aim of this thesis is: firstly to identify new adhesion molecules targeted by HC and secondly to find out molecular intermediates controlling HC action. We found that besides VCAM-1, the expression of TSP-1, vWF and PECAM-1 was decreased by HC in VEC. Guided by our transcriptomic data, we tested the involvement of GATA transcription factors as molecular intermediates of HC action in VEC. Results show that HC reduces the expression of GATA-2 and GATA-6, and that this decrease is partly responsible of VCAM-1, PECAM-1 and vWF response to HC. Finally, we found that NO-sGC-cGMP pathway was an intermediate of IL-8, PECAM-1 and vWF modulation by HC. Understanding HC mechanism of action is necessary to identify more specific and safer therapeutic targets. We demonstrate here the involvement of GATA transcription factors and NO-sGC-cGMP pathway in HG-response of several molecules involved in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease
Guipouy, Delphine. "Exploration fonctionnelle de l'activité cytotoxique de lymphocytes T humains en contexte de pathologie et de thérapie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30263/document.
Full textDuring different pathological conditions such as infections, tumoral processes or chronic inflammation diseases, altered cells are eliminated through a cytotoxic activity mediated by several immune cell populations. This cellular function is therefore crucial for carrying out the action of the immune system. My thesis project focuses on fundamental aspects of the lytic activity of two cytotoxic lymphocyte populations: CD8+ T cells and type-1 CD4+ regulatory T cells. To explore the mechanisms of this activity, this study has been driven on two cases, pathological and therapeutic models, at the population and single-cell levels and also at the cellular and nanoscopic scales of the molecular organisation. We have been able to demonstrate that the CD8+ T cell lysis activity against an excess of target cells is effective over prolonged periods, relying on a highly heterogeneous individual capacity to perform multiple lysis. The importance of this sustained cytotoxic activity was reinforced by the identification of a lytic defect, particularly pronounced on a long time period, of CD8+ T cells from Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patients. This defect is related to a reduced activation of the LFA-1 integrin and delay in the lethal hit delivery. In addition, the WASP protein allows to restrict high affinity LFA-1 to dense nanoclusters as well as the assembly of LFA- 1 ring and the localization of the lytic granules inside this ring. Moreover, type-1 CD4+ regulatory T cells from a cellular therapy (Ovasave(r)) demonstrated a cytotoxic activity toward myeloid cells, additionally to an immunosuppressive activity on conventional T cells. This activity is implemented over long time periods, until reaching optimal efficiency, and is related to a delay in the lethal hit delivery. Surprisingly, despite a specificity for ovalbumin, the cytotoxic activity measured in absence of the antigen suggests a TCR independence. In addition, lysis is not mediated by perforin but is exclusively granzyme-dependent. Thus, these therapeutic T cells exhibit an alternative cytotoxic activity. To conclude, my thesis project permits to characterize a sustained lysis activity relying on a heterogeneous individual capacity. This ability to sustain a lytic activity involves stability of the synapse, where WASP plays a key role towards the activation and organization of LFA-1. The therapeutic regulatory T lymphocytes also demonstrated a sustained cytotoxic activity, however the molecular actors are unconventional. On the whole, sustained lytic activity would be key to the calibration of cytotoxic responses in relation to the size of the target population, as well as sharing with other cellular functions such as cytokine secretion
Marotel, Marie. "Défauts fonctionnels des cellules NK en contexte de stimulation chronique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1234/document.
Full textNK cells are innate lymphocytes which play a crucial role in the early control of viral infection and in tumor immunosurveillance. However, a state of tolerance, where NK cells are poorly functional, occurs in the context of chronic stimulation. The mechanisms leading to this process remain poorly understood and whether this is a cause, or a consequence of chronicity is unknown. Targeting NK cells appears to be a potent therapeutic strategy but requires further investigation. With the lack of clarity in the field this work had three main objectives. First, we engineered a tumoral mouse model that was strongly immunogenic for NK cells and thus allowed us to study the anti-tumoral response of NK cells and to trigger chronic stimulation. Then, we used this model to investigate the mechanisms driving NK cell loss of function and to test potential therapeutic strategies to reverse this state. Finally, in the context of human chronic infection we analyzed samples from HBV infected patients in order to determine the phenotype, function and signaling capacity of NK cells to identify the drivers of NK cell dysfunction
Tamaki, Sakura. "SS18-SSX, the Oncogenic Fusion Protein in Synovial Sarcoma, Is a Cellular Context-Dependent Epigenetic Modifier." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215458.
Full textMisiak, Jan. "The interactions of stromal cells and follicular helper T cells resulting in a B-cell supporting, IL4-producing phenotype in the context of follicular lymphoma." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B030.
Full textThe enrichment of the microenvironment with tumor-promoting interleukin 4 (IL4) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma (FL) and was found to be conferred mainly by T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. In this study, we investigated the bidirectional crosstalk of fibroblastic reticular cells that are expanded in FL and Tfh cells with the analysis of gene expression profiles of the respective, and an in-vitro co-culture model of human induced FRC-like cells. We demonstrated that FRC-like cells enhance the growth of Tfh cell subsets in vitro. Crucially, we uncovered a specific upregulation of IL-4 secretion by precursor Tfh (pre-Tfh) cells co-cultured with FRC-like cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that Notch and ICAM1/LFA1 are two pathways involved in IL-4 secretion following FRClike cell / Tfh cell crosstalk. This observation was particularly interesting in FL context, because FL pre-Tfh cells display an enriched Notch and integrin gene expression profile as well as an overexpression of IL-4, compared to their tonsil counterpart. Altogether, we described new interactions between stromal cells and Tfh subsets and uncovered a specific cytokine profile modification at pre-Tfh stage after contact with FRC-like cells that could explain the high levels of IL-4 in FL and provide a novel target for therapy
Gueltzer, Corinne. "Atopy in dogs: analysis of a cellular assay to detect allergic manifestations /." [S.l : s.n.], 1996. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textTengler, Rita Silvia. "Monitoring of cellular antigen recognition by measurement of oxygen-derived and oxygenated products /." Bern, 1991. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textCharbon, Jean-Luc. "Cellular reactions in the small intestine of rats after infection with Fasciola hepatica /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textBuencamino, Raphael Hector Domingo. "Novel roles of actin binding proteins in Listeria monocytogenes actin-based motility revealed within a cellular context." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297798.
Full textPham, Michael N. "Erythropoietin Stimulation of Mitochondrial Protein Content - A Potential Mechanism through Direct Binding of Erythropoietin Receptor and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321354.
Full textDi, Domizio Jeremy. "Place des cellules dendritiques plasmocytoïdes dans l'immunité innée anti-tumorale : de leur activation par des ligands de TLR à leur fonctionnalité en contexte de mélanome." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439353.
Full textBERGMANN, ETIENNE. "Etude du facteur tfiih dans le contexte cellulaire des syndromes de transcription/reparation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13234.
Full textBabel, Laura [Verfasser], Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Meckel, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Thiel. "Integrin β1 cluster stability in the context of cellular mechanosensing and radiosensitivity / Laura Babel ; Tobias Meckel, Gerhard Thiel." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1147968462/34.
Full textNemitz, Sabine [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Finke, Stefan [Gutachter] Finke, and Karl-Klaus [Gutachter] Conzelmann. "The Cellular Context of Rabies Virus Replication / Sabine Nemitz ; Gutachter: Stefan Finke, Karl-Klaus Conzelmann ; Betreuer: Stefan Finke." Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1179914244/34.
Full textNemitz, Sabine [Verfasser], Stefan Akademischer Betreuer] Finke, Stefan [Gutachter] Finke, and Karl-Klaus [Gutachter] [Conzelmann. "The Cellular Context of Rabies Virus Replication / Sabine Nemitz ; Gutachter: Stefan Finke, Karl-Klaus Conzelmann ; Betreuer: Stefan Finke." Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1179914244/34.
Full textNemitz, Sabine [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Finke, Stefan Gutachter] Finke, and Karl-Klaus [Gutachter] [Conzelmann. "The Cellular Context of Rabies Virus Replication / Sabine Nemitz ; Gutachter: Stefan Finke, Karl-Klaus Conzelmann ; Betreuer: Stefan Finke." Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:9-opus-25295.
Full textPaddock, Troy N. "Genetic manipulation of NADPH: Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase content in Arabidopsis reveals essential roles in prolamellar body formation and plant development." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211899658.
Full textBelouanas, Salah-Eddine. "Dissémination de contenus populaires et tolérants au délai dans les réseaux cellulaires." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066230/document.
Full textCellular resources are valuable and must be saved whenever possible. In this thesis, we address the problem of content dissemination within an overloaded cellular network. Firstly, we propose SCoD (Scheduled Content Delivery), a purely cellular dissemination strategy that exploits the mobility of users and their delay tolerance in order to postpone transmissions. SCoD waits for users to gather around a minimum number of access points so that the total number of transmissions is reduced. To trigger transmissions, SCoD relies on different decision functions which launch, if necessary, a multicast transmission. The second part of this thesis deals with the same problem of saving cellular resources, but from another angle. We use D2D (Device-to-Device) communications with multicast to mitigate the traffic load on the infrastructure. We study the benefits of opportunistic communications in the context of a content distribution service based on user subscriptions. We present our results in two ways. First, we illustrate the benefits of D2D communications in a content dissemination process where the cost of opportunistic transmission is negligible compared to that of cellular transmission. Then, we consider the case where users must be compensated for their participation in the dissemination process. Therefore, there is a tradeoff to be found, we thus provide guidelines in this direction and show the variation of such a tradeoff as a function of several network parameters
Maheux, Catherine. "Influence de l'expression du CD103 et du CD34 sur la fonction de cellules immunitaires au poumon en contexte inflammatoire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30788.
Full textKühn, Clemens [Verfasser], Edda [Akademischer Betreuer] Klipp, Hermann-Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Holzhütter, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Tamás. "Modeling and analysis of yeast osmoadaptation in cellular context / Clemens Kühn. Gutachter: Edda Klipp ; Hermann-Georg Holzhütter ; Markus Tamás." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015016952/34.
Full textHögger, Katharina Elisabeth Magdalena. "MMP-19 : cellular localization of a novel metalloproteinase within normal breast tissue and mammary gland tumours /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textHamada, Attoumani. "Les propriétés immunitaires des cellules souches de la pulpe dentaire dans un contexte infectieux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0660/document.
Full textDental pulp Stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the dental pulp. DPSCs are able to self-renew and differentiate into several cell types such as odontoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, neuroblasts and adipocytes.The immune properties of DPSCs are being studied more and more, they harbor Toll-like receptor on the surface and have an immunomodulatory activity.However, immune properties such as those described in professional immune cells such as phagocytosis, production of antimicrobial compounds and the new concept "Trained immunity" could be studied.A brief review has been developed to highlight the set of immune properties of DPSCs described in the literature. Then, experimentally, we showed that DPSCs could internalize the bacterial pathogen Bartonella quintana.In addition, we have described the ability of DPSCs to develop trained immunity. It is an inflammatory memory concerning two cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1. Priming DPSCs with the bacterial ligand LPS or PGN induces an increase in the expression and production of IL-6 and PGN after a second stimulus.Overall, the study of the immune properties of DPSCs shows that DPSCs can act as immune cells
Picard, Émilie. "Etude phénotypique et fonctionnelle des cellules NK dans un contexte de cancer et d'inflammation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCE022.
Full textNK cells are innate lymphocytes involved in the recognition and elimination of infected or tumor cells. Their cytotoxic activity is finely regulated by a set of activating and inhibitory receptors. However, receptors expression and NK cell functions may be modified according to environment. Here, we were interested in NK cell-phenotype and function modulations and their relationship with CD4 T cells, in NSCLC patients and under IL-21 influence in inflammatory context. The first study highlighted an increase circulating rate of CD56dim CD16- NK cell subset concomitantly with a decrease rate of CD56dim CD16+ NK cell subset in NSCLC patients. Ex vivo analysis of NK cell phenotype highlighted a specific group of patients with an overall altered expression of NCRs and NKG2D on NK cell subsets. The main defect was the decrease of NK cells expressing NKp46 and we showed a negative correlation between the patients’ survival and NKp46+ NK cell percentage. Interestingly, NKp46 neutralization on NK cells was associated with a better antitumor CD4 T cell response. The second study showed that IL-21 promotes the differentiation of a specific NK cell subset coexpressing CD86/HLA-DR and CD86/CD30. While NK cell activation via CD30 promotes a high degranulation and IFN-γ secretion, IL-21-activated NK cells also produce MIF. This soluble factor provide costimulatory signaling during naïve CD4 T cell priming inducing the differentiation of uncommitted central memory T cells. Such HLA-DR+ MIF+ NK cells were identified in inflammatory human appendix suggesting that they could activate CD4 T cells in vivo. Altogether, these studies highlighted a different modulation of NK cell phenotype accordingg to envoronment which could impact the crossstalk NK-T celles. thus, these findings support a regulatory role of NK celles in adaptive immune responses
Héricher, Gaultier. "Étude du rôle de l’ARN Tuna dans le contexte de pluripotence des cellules souches." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66709.
Full textEmbryonic development is a complex process finely regulated in time and place by numerous actors such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. Emerging evidence suggests a key role in development and disease for a subcategory of RNAs implicated in those mechanisms, the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Characterized by their incapacity to produce proteins, they have proven to be challenging to study due to the lack of sequence conservation and their tissue-specific expression. Here, we focus on a conserved lncRNA, Tuna (Tcl1 Upstream Neuron-Associated lncRNA), that is required for maintaining embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in an undifferentiated state but is also essential for their differentiation towards a neuronal cell fate. However, the mechanism behind this dual role remains largely unknown. To address this, we analyzed available RNA-seq data on mouse ESC differentiation towards neurons. We identified two novel isoforms specifically expressed in ESCs, sht.Tuna and alt.Tuna. The latter isoform was the result of alternative splicing of the exon 1 of Tuna. This alternative splicing was also observed in human ESCs demonstrating a conserved processing of the RNA between mouse and human cells. Both new isoforms were ~1.5kb shorter at the 3'-end than the predicted full transcript of Tuna (full.Tuna). In fact, we failed to detect the full.Tuna isoform in ESCs, and overexpression of sht.Tuna isoform enhanced reprogramming to a pluripotent stem cell state. This suggests that the role of Tuna is mechanistically different in ESCs than in neurons. Besides, Tuna also contains a highly conserved region (~200bp) harboring a predicted 48-amino-acids coding sequence that is detectable upon overexpression if FLAG-tagged. Mutating the start codon of this peptide's coding sequence abrogated the enhanced reprogramming effect. This infers a role for the peptide in the acquisition of a pluripotent state. Moreover, Tuna was detected in poly-ribosomal and cytoplasmic RNA fractions further supporting a peptide coding potential. Taken together, our results demonstrate that alternative splicing and coding potential of a particular lncRNA locus is complex and that a lncRNA may have multiple functionality depending on cell state.
Mossu, Adrien. "Régulation de la survie des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes dans un contexte inflammatoire non viral." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3011/document.
Full textPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are specialized in type I interferons (IFN-I) secretion to control viral infections. However, these cells can also activate adaptive immune responses, and polarize T cells. Indeed, during chronic or uncontrolled inflammatory episodes, pDC can induce or maintain inflammatory syndromes and autoimmune diseases. So some mechanisms should exist to control the fonction of these cells. In an in vivo modcl of non viral inflammation induced by the injection a CD3-specific antibody (aCD3 Ab), we could observed pDC's apoptosis dependent of T cell activation in different lymphoid organs. Moreover, we could observe that this depletion of pDC was not associated with the cytokinic storm induced by the mitogenic effect after aCD3 Ab treatment. On the other hand our data shovved that CD8+ T cells and the perforin pathway in this acute inflammatory context are responsible for pDC depletion We also obtained the same results in other non viral inflammation settings such as graft versus host disease. Overall, these data suggesi that this regulation pathway could be used for therapeutic purposes, to control pDC survival and avoid their involvement in the physiopathology of autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis or type I diabetes
Semiari, Omid. "Context-Aware Resource Management and Performance Analysis of Millimeter Wave and Sub-6 GHz Wireless Networks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86482.
Full textPh. D.
Yue, Yujia. "INFLAMMATION ALTERS ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL-DERIVED EXOSOME CONTENTS AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECT ON MYOCARDIAL REPAIR." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/559194.
Full textPh.D.
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and Myocardial Infarction (MI) and subsequent heart failure remains the leading cause for death. Despite the improvement in prognosis and treatment of acute MI patients, the underlying causes including loss of cardiomyocytes and microvasculature remain potential risk and lack proper and efficient solutions. Stem cell-based therapies for repair and regeneration have evolved and have been applied in clinical trials. Different types of stem cells, including Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC), Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC), induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) and cardiac progenitor cells etc. have been used for potential long term recovery and cardiac regeneration. However, results from the clinical trials have been largely disappointing and improvement in cardiac functions have been modest likely due to the limitations of cell therapy including low integration in myocardium, poor survival, cellular dysfunction and limited differentiation ability. It is therefore necessary and urgent to develop cell free alternatives as next generation regenerative therapies. There is a consensus that the beneficial effect of stem cell therapy is largely due to paracrine effects. Exosomes have recently emerged as important functional units mediating stem cell paracrine effects. Exosomes are the family of extracellular vesicles (EV) which are 30-150nm in size, secreted by almost all types of cells and responsible for cell-cell communication via delivering their cargo including RNAs and proteins to host cells. Studies from our and other labs have shown that exosomes mimic parental stem cell in improving post-MI functions. The essential feature of exosome is decided by their cargo including RNA and protein, which are subject to dynamic changes depending on the environment of parental cells. Our studies were focused on Endothelial Progenitor Cell (EPC)-derived exosomes. EPCs are generated in bone marrow, and home to the site of tissue injury and orchestrate neovascularization and tissue repair. Patients with ischemic heart disease, are usually accompanied with comorbidities such as systemic inflammation, aging, diabetes, etc. which are known to compromise EPC functions. We hypothesized that EPCs under inflammatory stress produce dysfunctional exosomes with altered RNA and protein content, leading to impaired cardiac reparative properties. We chose interleukin-10 knockout (IL-10KO) mice as a model of systemic inflammation. EPCs were isolated from IL-10KO and wild-type (WT) mice, and their exosomes (Exo) were compared for their reparative properties both in vitro and in vivo. Our in vitro studies showed WT-EPC-Exo treatment attenuated recipient cell apoptosis, enhanced cell mobilization and tube formation, whereas IL-10KO-EPC-Exo were functionally deficient or even had detrimental effects. We used MI mouse model to compare the in vivo function of two groups of exosomes and found WT-EPC-Exo treatment significantly improved left ventricular (LV) cardiac function, inhibited cell death, promoted angiogenesis and attenuated cardiac remodeling; while these cardioprotective effects were lost in IL-10KO-EPC-Exo treated group. Both in vitro and in vivo studies proved that even the same progenitor cell type (EPCs), under inflammatory stimulus (IL-10KO), secretes exosomes with different reparative properties. Next, we explored whether the observed difference in exosome function is caused by altered exosome content. Using Next Generation RNA Sequencing (NGS RNAseq) and mass spectrometry we found RNA and protein expression patterns were drastically different in wild type and IL-10 knockout EPC derived exosomes. This evidence leads to the conclusion that alteration in exosome content is fundamental for exosome function. We picked two candidates that are highly enriched in IL-10KO-EPC-Exo for further study, miR-375 and Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK). We treated IL-10KO-EPC with anti-miR against miR-375 and siRNA against ILK separately, and successfully decreased the expression of miR-375 and ILK in both EPCs and EPC derived exosomes. Then we explored the function of those miR and protein ‘modified exosomes’ with similar in vitro and in vivo experiments as previously described. Compared to IL-10KO-EPC-Exo, miR-375 knockdown exosomes showed enhanced angiogenesis and inhibited cell apoptosis, while ILK knockdown in exosomes rescued functions in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. These results suggested the possibility that exosome manipulation of identified factors may partially rescue their reparative functionality. In summary, our studies revealed that stem cell derived exosomes are capable for independent cardiac repair in ischemic heart disease, however, parental stem cells under pathological stimulus secrete dysfunctional exosomes with altered RNA and protein content. Exosome function can be rescued or enhanced through RNA and protein content modification.
Temple University--Theses
Makanga, Dhon Bérenger Roméo. "Contribution à l'étude des fonctions anti-tumorales des cellules Natural Killer (NK) : Implication en greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques et dans le contexte des Immunothérapies." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT1031.
Full textT cell-replete haplo-identical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), using Post-transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as a treatment for Graft-versus- Host-Disease (GvHD), constitute a potential curative treatment for leukemic patients without identical HLA donor. These graft modalities presentHLA class I incompatibilities between donor and recipient that could sustain Natural Killer (NK) cell alloreactivity with an important anti-leukemic function. However, the role of NK cells in this modality of transplantation remains poorly understood. In this work, we showed that KIR/HLA incompatibilities between donor and recipient were associated with more acute GvHD and less relapse after PTCy-HSCT, participating in the activation and earlier differentiation of NK cells. Subsequently, we showed that the association of PTCy with Anti-thymoglobulin (ATG) could reduce the incidence of acute GvHD without increasing relapse after PTCy-HSCT. In order to identify NK cell subsets with high anti-leukemic potential, we defined 9 NK cell subsets based on NK cell differentiation markers and performed in vitro studies of the functional potential of each of these NK populations against leukemic targets. Our results show that NKG2A+ NK cell subsets are the most effective against acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) targets and represent the most frequent NK cell subsets in the NK cell repertoire. In contrast, CD57+ and/or KIR+ NK cell subsets, poorly represented in the NK cell repertoire, were the most effective against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) targets. The rapid reconstitution of certain NK cell subsets, such as those expressing NKG2A for example, seems to be associated with the reduction of relapse after PTCy-HSCT. Furthermore, we have investigated the influence of KIR/HLA interactions on Antibody Dependant Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) modulation, showing that the low number of KIR ligands in lymphoma patients favors a good rituximab-dependent NK cell responses. In conclusion, our data may help to optimize the selection of HSC donors and improve the prediction of rituximab responses in lymphoma patients by taking into account immunogenetic KIR/HLA parameters
Serem, June Cheptoo. "An exploratory investigation into the physicochemical, antioxidant and cellular effects of a selection of honey samples from the Southern African region." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24881.
Full textDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Anatomy
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Schertenleib, Pierre. "Carcinome neuroendocrine cutané ou à cellules de Merkel /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1992. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textVallese, Denis. "In vivo behaviour of human precursors into a dystrophic context." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066191.
Full textThe Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal recessive X-linked disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, no effective treatment is available up to date. The development of effective therapies requires the use of animal models both dystrophic and immunotolerant for human cells. In collaboration with James Di Santo at the Pasteur Institute, a new mutant strain of mice was created: the Rag2−Il2rb−Dmd−. This mutant lacks T and B cells, as well as NK cells. It also harbours a mutation in the dystrophin gene. This study focuses on the morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of the muscle phenotype of the new mutant mouse, its comparison with the most used DMD model (mdx) and its potential use to evaluate the regenerative potential of human myogenic progenitors. The results obtained in this thesis have shown that the dystrophic phenotype is similar between the two models. Analysis of muscle regeneration has yielded very promising results. The Rag2−Il2rb−Dmd− mouse shows a peak of spontaneous regeneration between 10 and 16 weeks, which is six weeks of intense regeneration. Results obtained after transplantation of human myoblasts have confirmed that this new model is very suitable for myogenic cells transplantation, which can effectively participate in muscle regeneration. This is very important because allows to study the behaviour of human myogenic stem cells in natural dystrophic context
Rose, France. "Analysis of phenotypic and spatial cellular heterogeneity from large scale microscopy data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE057.
Full textRobotics and automated fluorescence microscopes have promoted high-content cell-based screenings: fluorescent probes targeting DNA or other major components are used to image hundreds of thousands of cells under many different conditions. Cell-based assays have proven to be efficient at discovering first-in-class therapeutic drugs, i.e. drugs acting on a new target. They allow to detect promising molecules and to profile them, by associating functional annotations to them, like their molecular target or mechanism of action (MOA). I studied heterogeneity of cell responses at different levels and how this phenotypic heterogeneity can be leveraged to better profile drugs. The first level is about studying heterogeneity between patients. We showed that using different patient-derived cell lines increases the chance of predicting the correct molecular target of the tested drug. The second level corresponds to the diversity of cell responses within the same cell line under the same treatment. Appropriate clustering approaches can be used to unravel this complexity and group cells into subpopulations. The proportions of each subpopulation per treatment allow to predict the correct MOA. The third level looks at how the cell subpopulations are spatially organized. I found that neighboring cells influence each others, and display a similar phenotype more frequently than expected at random. These results assessed across a hundred of treatments, show that even genetically identical cells are not all alike and independent, but create spatial heterogeneity via cell lineage and interaction. Using spatial information as well as phenotypic heterogeneity with graph kernel methods improves the MOA classification under some conditions. Alongside, as spatial analysis could be applied on any cell microscopy image, I developed a Python analysis package, pySpacell, to study spatial randomness from quantitative and qualitative cell markers