Journal articles: 'Cellular devices'

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Ray, L. B. "Cellular Devices." Science Signaling 3, no. 150 (2010): ec367-ec367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.3150ec367.

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Hasan Al-Bowarab, Mustafa, Nurul Azma Zakaria, Zaheera Zainal Abidin, and Ziadoon Kamil Maseer. "Review on Device-to-Device Communication in Cellular based Network Systems." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.20 (2018): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.20.20587.

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In a traditional cellular-network based system, the devices are not allowed to be interconnected directly in the certified mobile bandwidth, and all communications are carried out via the base station (BS). At present, device terminal broadcasting allows devices in the distributed network to act as transmitting relays to each other and reach a massive ad hoc network of networks that is different from the previous cellular architecture that faces technical challenges. Therefore, this article explores the application of a cellular-based two-layer network system that includes a base station (BS) cellular layer, such as cellular-to-device communication and communication between devices. In the proposed two-tier cellular-based network system, user data is transmitted through other users' devices to implement the privacy protection that is lacking in prior communication between devices in cellular systems. To ensure a negligible impact on the performance of current communication between devices, a two-layer network is assimilated to autonomous interference management schemes and associated resource allocation schemes. The findings from this review provide an overview of the major challenges in two-tier networks and propose a two-tier cellular-based system in which user data is routed through other users' devices to implement privacy protection.

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R, Aishwarya, Sanjana Ramesh, V. Viknesh Balaji, Yash Sikhwal, and Prof Bhaskar Reddy. "Stingray Device for Cyber-Surveillance using a Software-Defined Radio as an IMSI Catcher." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (2023): 1806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51956.

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Abstract: The Stingray or IMSI-catcher is a surveillance device for cellular phones that was initially developed by theHarris Corporation for military use. Nowadays, various local and state law enforcement agencies across countries such as Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom use similar devices widely. The term Stingray has also become a general term for thistype of device. The IMSI catcher has two modes of operation- active and passive. In the active mode, the device pretends to be a cell tower, tricking all nearby mobile phones and cellular devices to connect to it. It can be mounted on vehicles, low flying airplanes and helicopters, UAVs, etc. It broadcasts signals that seem stronger than the cell tower, and thus, it forces each compatible cellular device to disconnect from its service provider (e.g., Jio, BSNL, etc.) and establish a newconnection with the device. Cellular communications protocols require mobile phones and cellular devices to connect to the strongest signal. We have used a Software Defined Radio (SDR) to replicate the Stingray device manufactured by the Harris Corporation. Although this device has a shorter range, it can still track the IMSI of all cellular devices around it. This project also demonstrates how fragile our privacy is concerning our devi

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Shakhakarmi, Niraj. "Next Generation Wearable Devices." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 6, no. 2 (2014): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2014040102.

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The next generation wearable devices are Smart health monitoring device and Smart sousveillance hat which are capable of using wearable sensors for measuring physiological information, sousveillanace, navigation, as well as smart device to smart device communications over cellular coverage. Smart health monitoring device collect and observe different health related information deploying biosensors and can predict health problems. Smart sousveillance hat provides the brainwaves based fatigue state, training and sousveillance around the wearer. The next generation wearable smart devices deploy the device to device communications in LTE assisted networks with D2D server, D2D Application server and D2D enhanced LTE signalling for D2D service management, spectrum utilization and broad cellular coverage, which make them portable, social, commercial and sustainable. Thus, the wearable device technology will merge with the smart communications besides the health and wellness. Furthermore, the simulation and performance evaluation shows that LTE-D2D wearable smart device communications provides two times more energy efficiency than LTE-UEs cellular communications. The LTE-D2D data rate is also found significantly higher with higher D2D-SINR for lower relative mobility (= 30m/s) and lower D2D distance (<400m) between devices.

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K, Sandeep, Monisha K., Navya G., Harika D., and Aasritha T. "Promoting Device to Device Communication in Cellular Networks by Hashing Techniques." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 3 (2018): 1257–60. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11229.

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In the current generation network traffic has become a major problem.D2D communication has been proposed as a promising technique to improve resource utilization of cellular networks by offloading the traffic through base station.D2D communication in cellular networks is direct communication between two devices without traversing the base station or core network.In this article we fill the gap by designing incentive mechanisms to encourage users to work under D2D mode. To recognize the proximity based devices, every one of the devices should initially discover close proximity devices by using device discovery mechanism. This mechanism discovers the nearby devices by broadcasting the discovery signals. The main aim of the project is to achieve direct transmission of data between devices in a secured manner. For secure wireless transmission we use hashing techniques which protects the data from being exposed. K Sandeep | K. Monisha | G. Navya | D. Harika | T. Aasritha "Promoting Device-to-Device Communication in Cellular Networks by Hashing Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11229.pdf

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Guo, Li, Zhiliang Zhu, Francis C. M. Lau, Yuli Zhao, and Hai Yu. "Joint Security and Energy-Efficient Cooperative Architecture for 5G Underlaying Cellular Networks." Symmetry 14, no. 6 (2022): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14061160.

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Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a promising technology which can improve the spectrum efficiency of cellular networks. Despite abundant research on resource allocation and interference cancellation for D2D communication, few works discuss how D2D is realized within cellular communication. In this paper, we propose a symmetric cooperative communication architecture combining security and energy efficiency, in which the users in 5G cellular networks can adaptively select the communication mode among cellular, direct D2D, and relay-assisted D2D communication according to the energy-consumption requirement. Considering the security aspect, we propose a novel relay selection strategy based on the asymmetry of social networks for the architecture. Firstly, we reduce the number of candidate relay devices based on energy consumption, the devices’ battery status, and the devices’ state. Then, an appropriate relay device is selected according to the proposed criteria, combining energy consumption, wireless channel quality, proximity prestige, and spreading ability. Simulation results reveal that, compared with conventional cellular communication and D2D communication, the proposed architecture can increase the number of users accessing the cellular networks simultaneously, improving the throughput and the security of data transmission. It can also significantly reduce the energy consumption as well as outage probability.

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Lucas-Estañ, Gozalvez, and Sepulcre. "Context-Aware Mode Selection for 5G Multi-Hop Cellular Networks." Electronics 8, no. 8 (2019): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080840.

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In the present day, 5G and beyond networks are being designed to support the future increase of data traffic and service demands. To support such increase, 5G networks will incorporate device-centric technologies with adequate mechanisms to scale and handle the growing and very large number of connected devices and traffic demands. Device-centric technologies include Device-to-Device (D2D) communications and Multi-hop Cellular Networks (MCNs). In device-centric wireless networks, devices will be able to connect to the network using two different connection modes: through a traditional cellular connection, or through a multi-hop cellular connection based on D2D communications with intermediate mobile devices. Device-centric technologies will therefore provide new connectivity options and significant opportunities to enhance the capacity and efficiency of 5G networks. However, new challenges will need to be addressed. One of them is the selection of the most adequate connection mode for each mobile device, because it will be key to improve the network performance and efficiency. This work proposes a context-aware mode selection scheme capable of identifying and selecting the most adequate connection mode for each device under a wide range of deployment and operating conditions. The proposed scheme estimates the benefits and risks of each connection mode based on context information available at the base station guaranteeing low signaling overhead. The obtained results show that the proposed mode selection scheme helps achieving throughput gains higher than 200% compared to traditional single-hop cellular communications for devices at the cell edge, and significant gains are also achieved compared to other mode selection schemes implemented and evaluated.

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Iden, C. D., N. Lum, and J. B. Cooper. "CELLULAR PHONE INTERFERENCE WITH MEDICAL DEVICES." Critical Care Medicine 30, Supplement (2002): A35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200212001-00121.

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Scott-Burden, Timothy, and O. H. Frazier. "Cellular linings of ventricular assist devices." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 60, no. 6 (1995): 1561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(95)00834-9.

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Eleff, Amira, Mohamed Mousa, and Hamed Nassar. "Interference-aware scheme to improve distributed caching in cellular networks via D2D underlay communications." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 12, no. 6 (2024): 1873–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-2094.

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Underlay Device-to-Device (D2D) communications is a promising networking technology intended to boost thespectral efficiency of future cellular networks, including 5G and beyond. When used for distributed caching, where cellulardevices store popular files for direct exchange later with other devices away from the cellular infrastructure, the technologybears more fruits such as enhancing throughput, reducing latency and offloading the infrastructure. However, due to theirnon-orthogonality, underlay D2D communications can result in excessive interference to the cellular user. To avoid thisproblem, the present article proposes a scheme with two interference-reduction elements: a guard zone intended to allowD2D communications only for devices far enough from the base station (BS), and a pairing strategy intended to allow D2Dpairing for only devices that are close enough to each other. We assess the performance of the scheme using a stochasticgeometry (SG) model, through which we characterize the coverage probability of the cellular user. This probability is aprincipal indicator of maintaining the quality of service (QoS) of the cellular user and of enabling successful caching for theD2D user. We introduce in the process a novel empirical technique which, given a desired level of interference, identifiesan upper bound for the distance between two devices to be paired without exceeding that level. We finally validate theanalytical findings obtained from the model by intensive simulation to ensure the correctness of both the model and thescheme performance. A salient feature of the scheme is that it requires for its implementation no software or hardwaremodification in the device

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Atanov, Sabyrzhan, Yerzhan Seitkulov, Gani Balbayev, Serik Zhuzbayev, and Gulnara Tulesheva. "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF SECURITY ATTACKS ON MOBILE CELLULAR SYSTEMS." Вестник КазАТК 124, no. 1 (2023): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52167/1609-1817-2023-124-1-213-221.

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The need to protect smartphones and mobile devices from attacks on their internal resources is due to their multiple growth in number, as well as their share among gadgets with Internet access. The paper aims to analyze and create mathematical models of the most common types of attacks on mobile devices. Based on the constructed models and their analysis, ways are proposed to prevent and neutralize intrusions into the operating system of smartphones and other mobile gadgets. Methods: applied analysis using elements of probability theory and mathematical modeling. Results: the features of the mechanisms for the formation of vulnerabilities in mobile devices are determined. Important aspects of determining the effectiveness of modern technologies for protection against cyber attacks on mobile devices are identified. A brief review of the main approaches to mathematical modeling of typical attacks on mobile networks is given. Requirements for the effective choice of protection methods depending on the type of attack class are formulated. Basic recommendations for ensuring the security of a mobile device are formulated. Methods are proposed to reduce the probability of hacking the system through the most common and typical attacks.

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Irawan, Dwi Wahyono, Fadlika Irham, N. Afandi A., and Rodhi Faiz M. "Preliminary study of wireless balloon network using adaptive position tracking technology for post disaster event." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 17, no. 4 (2019): 1767–73. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v17i4.11955.

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Limited resources in post-disaster areas, one of which is a communication where coordination needed for aid distribution in disaster areas. Wireless balloon technology as a solution for use in post-disaster areas. Bandwidth limitations and high delay in communication systems on wireless balloons create limitations in aid coordination, especially mobile device tracking on BPBD volunteers or officers. This research develops an effective communication system at the wireless balloon to track personal device officers in disaster areas that use cellular devices. This mobile device tracking system utilizes a wireless balloon using a publish-subscribe system on their mobile devices, namely volunteers as publishers and those responsible for disasters or communities as subscribers. To overcome the limitations of communication resources on cellular devices and wireless balloons using the Adaptive method on publish-subscribe called UM-Disaster. The results of this study, the UM-Disaster system for multi-cell tracking has an average efficiency of 40-63% for bandwidth and processor use on mobile devices at 51-70%.

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Hong, Jun-Ki. "Performance Analysis of Dual-Polarized Massive MIMO System with Human-Care IoT Devices for Cellular Networks." Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3604520.

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The performance analysis of the dual-polarized massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with Internet of things (IoT) devices is studied when outdoor human-care IoT devices are connected to a cellular network via a dual-polarized massive MIMO system. The research background of the performance analysis of dual-polarized massive MIMO system with IoT devices is that recently the data usage of outdoor human-care IoT devices has increased. Therefore, the outdoor human-care IoT devices are necessary to connect with 5G cellular networks which can expect 1000 times higher performance compared with 4G cellular networks. Moreover, in order to guarantee the safety of the patient for emergency cases, a human-care Iot device must be connected to cellular networks which offer more stable communication for outdoors compared to short-range communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, Zigbee, and Bluetooth. To analyze the performance of the dual-polarized massive MIMO system for human-care IoT devices, a dual-polarized MIMO spatial channel model (SCM) is proposed which considers depolarization effect between the dual-polarized transmit-antennas and the receive-antennas. The simulation results show that the performance of the dual-polarized massive MIMO system is improved about 16% to 92% for 20 to 150 IoT devices compared to conventional single-polarized massive MIMO system for identical size of the transmit array.

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Engelken, Jared A., Tobias Butelmann, Fabian Tribukait-Riemenschneider, and V. Prasad Shastri. "Towards a 3D-Printed Millifluidic Device for Investigating Cellular Processes." Micromachines 15, no. 11 (2024): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15111348.

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Microfluidic devices (µFDs) have been explored extensively in drug screening and studying cellular processes such as migration and metastasis. However, the fabrication and implementation of microfluidic devices pose cost and logistical challenges that limit wider-spread adoption. Despite these challenges, light-based 3D printing offers a potential alternative to device fabrication. This study reports on the development of millifluidic devices (MiFDs) for disease modeling and elucidates the methods and implications of the design, production, and testing of 3D-printed MiFDs. It further details how such millifluidic devices can be cost-efficiently and effortlessly produced. The MiFD was developed through an iterative process with analytical tests (flow tests, leak tests, cytotoxicity assays, and microscopic analyses), driving design evolution and determination of the suitability of the devices for disease modeling and cancer research. The design evolution also considered flow within tissues and replicates interstitial flow between the main flow path and the modules designed to house and support organ-mimicking cancer cell spheroids. Although the primary stereolithographic (SLA) resin used in this study showed cytotoxic potential despite its biocompatibility certifications, the MiFDs possessed essential attributes for cell culturing. In summary, SLA 3D printing enables the production of MiFDs as a cost-effective, rapid prototyping alternative to standard µFD fabrication for investigating disease-related processes.

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Mallipudi, Chellarao Chowdary, Saurabh Chandra, Prateek Prakash, Rajeev Arya, Akhtar Husain, and Shamimul Qamar. "Reinforcement Learning Based Efficient Power Control and Spectrum Utilization for D2D Communication in 5G Network." International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security 15, no. 4 (2023): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2023.04.02.

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There are billions of inter-connected devices by the help of Internet-of-Things (IoT) that have been used in a number of applications such as for wearable devices, e-healthcare, agriculture, transportation, etc. Interconnection of devices establishes a direct link and easily shares the information by utilizing the spectrum of cellular users to enhance the spectral efficiency with low power consumption in an underlaid Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. Due to reuse of the spectrum of cellular devices by D2D users causes severe interference between them which may impact on the network performance. Therefore, we proposed a Q-Learning based low power selection scheme with the help of multi-agent reinforcement learning to detract the interference that helps to increase the capacity of the D2D network. For the maximization of capacity, the updated reward function has been reformulated with the help of a stochastic policy environment. With the help of a stochastic approach, we figure out the proposed optimal low power consumption techniques which ensures the quality of service (QoS) standards of the cellular devices and D2D users for D2D communication in 5G Networks and increase the utilization of resources. Numerical results confirm that the proposed scheme improves the spectral efficiency and sum rate as compared to Q-Learning approach by 14% and 12.65%.

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Zimmerman, John F., Ramya Parameswaran, Graeme Murray, Yucai Wang, Michael Burke, and Bozhi Tian. "Cellular uptake and dynamics of unlabeled freestanding silicon nanowires." Science Advances 2, no. 12 (2016): e1601039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601039.

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The ability to seamlessly merge electronic devices with biological systems at the cellular length scale is an exciting prospect for exploring new fundamental cell biology and in designing next-generation therapeutic devices. Semiconductor nanowires are well suited for achieving this goal because of their intrinsic size and wide range of possible configurations. However, current studies have focused primarily on delivering substrate-bound nanowire devices through mechanical abrasion or electroporation, with these bulkier substrates negating many of the inherent benefits of using nanoscale materials. To improve on this, an important next step is learning how to distribute these devices in a drug-like fashion, where cells can naturally uptake and incorporate these electronic components, allowing for truly noninvasive device integration. We show that silicon nanowires (SiNWs) can potentially be used as such a system, demonstrating that label-free SiNWs can be internalized in multiple cell lines (96% uptake rate), undergoing an active “burst-like” transport process. Our results show that, rather than through exogenous manipulation, SiNWs are internalized primarily through an endogenous phagocytosis pathway, allowing cellular integration of these materials. To study this behavior, we have developed a robust set of methodologies for quantitatively examining high–aspect ratio nanowire-cell interactions in a time-dependent manner on both single-cell and ensemble levels. This approach represents one of the first dynamic studies of semiconductor nanowire internalization and offers valuable insight into designing devices for biomolecule delivery, intracellular sensing, and photoresponsive therapies.

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Djomadji, Eric Michel Deussom, Maniba Garga, Bienvenue Arsene Roger Fouba, and Thomas Bouetou Bouetou. "Genetic Algorithm for Mode Selection in Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication for 5G Cellular Networks." American Journal of Networks and Communications 13, no. 1 (2024): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnc.20241301.13.

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The widespread use of smart devices and mobile applications is leading to a massive growth of wireless data traffic. With the rapidly growing of the customers’ data traffic demand, improving the system capacity and increasing the user throughput have become essential concerns for the future fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication network. In a conventional cellular system, devices are not allowed to directly communicate with each other in the licensed cellular spectrum and all communications take place through the base stations (BS) and core network. Device-to-Device (D2D) communication refers to a technology that enables devices to communicate directly with each other, without sending data to the base station and the core network. This technology has the potential to improve system performance, enhance the user experience, increase spectral efficiency, reduce the terminal transmitting power, reduce the burden of the cellular network, and reduce end to end latency. In D2D communication user equipment’s (UEs) are enabled to select among different modes of communication which are defined based on the frequency resource sharing. Dedicated mode where D2D devices directly transmit by using dedicated resources. Reuse mode where D2D devices reuse some resources of the cellular network. Outband mode where D2D communication uses unlicensed spectrum (e.g. the free 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band or the 38 GHz millimetre wave band) where cellular communication does not take place. Cellular mode where the D2D communication is relayed via gNode B (gNB) and it is treated as cellular users. In this work, the target was to reach the optimal mode selection policy and genetic algorithm method was used with the objective of maximizing the total fitness function. Optimal mode selection policy was presented and analysed amongst cellular, dedicated, reused and outband mode. In the present study of mode selection issues in D2D enabled networks, genetic algorithm was proposed for the case when the cellular user equipment (UE) moves in the network. Quality of service (QoS) parameters, mobility parameters and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method were used to define the mode selection algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the proposed genetic algorithm, a study of the convergence of the algorithm and the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) was done.

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Hayat, O., R. Ngah, and Yasser Zahedi. "Cooperative GPS and Neighbors Awareness Based Device Discovery for D2D Communication in in-Band Cellular Networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.29 (2018): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.14001.

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Device to Device (D2D) communication is a new paradigm for next-generation wireless systems to offload data traffic. A device needs to discover neighbor devices on the certain channel to initiate the D2D communication within the minimum period. A device discovery technique based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and neighbor awareness base are proposed for in-band cellular networks. This method is called network-centric approach, and it improves the device discovery efficiency, accuracy, and channel capacity. The differential code is applied to measure the signal to noise ratio of each discovered device. In the case that the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of two devices is above a specified threshold value, then these two devices are qualified for D2D communication. Two procedures are explored for device discovery; discovery by CN (core network) and eNB (evolved node B) cooperation with the help of GPS and neighbor awareness. Using ‘Haversine’ formula, SNR base distance is calculated. Results show an increment in the channel capacity relative to SNR obtained for each device.

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Ma, Yue, Li Zhou, Zhenghua Gu, Yang Song, and Bin Wang. "Channel Access and Power Control for Mobile Crowdsourcing in Device-to-Device Underlaid Cellular Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7192840.

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With the access of a myriad of smart handheld devices in cellular networks, mobile crowdsourcing becomes increasingly popular, which can leverage omnipresent mobile devices to promote the complicated crowdsourcing tasks. Device-to-device (D2D) communication is highly desired in mobile crowdsourcing when cellular communications are costly. The D2D cellular network is more preferable for mobile crowdsourcing than conventional cellular network. Therefore, this paper addresses the channel access and power control problem in the D2D underlaid cellular networks. We propose a novel semidistributed network-assisted power and a channel access control scheme for D2D user equipment (DUE) pieces. It can control the interference from DUE pieces to the cellular user accurately and has low information feedback overhead. For the proposed scheme, the stochastic geometry tool is employed and analytic expressions are derived for the coverage probabilities of both the cellular link and D2D links. We analyze the impact of key system parameters on the proposed scheme. The Pareto optimal access threshold maximizing the total area spectral efficiency is obtained. Unlike the existing works, the performances of the cellular link and D2D links are both considered. Simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the total area spectral efficiency significantly compared to existing schemes.

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Green, Alexander A., Jongmin Kim, Duo Ma, Pamela A. Silver, James J. Collins, and Peng Yin. "Complex cellular logic computation using ribocomputing devices." Nature 548, no. 7665 (2017): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature23271.

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Tougaw, P. Douglas, and Craig S. Lent. "Logical devices implemented using quantum cellular automata." Journal of Applied Physics 75, no. 3 (1994): 1818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356375.

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Kim, Jongmin, Peng Yin, and Alexander A. Green. "Ribocomputing: Cellular Logic Computation Using RNA Devices." Biochemistry 57, no. 6 (2017): 883–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01072.

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Poghossian, A., S. Ingebrandt, A. Offenhäusser, and M. J. Schöning. "Field-effect devices for detecting cellular signals." Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 20, no. 1 (2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.01.014.

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Saraniti, M., G. Zandler, G. Formicone, and S. Goodnick. "Cellular Automata Studies of Vertical Silicon Devices." VLSI Design 8, no. 1-4 (1998): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/89897.

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We present systematic theoretical Cellular Automata (CA) studies of a novel nanometer scale Si device, namely vertically grown Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET) with channel lengths between 65 and 120 nm. The CA simulations predict drain characteristics and output conductance as a function of gate length. The excellent agreement with available experimental data indicates a high quality oxide/semiconductor interface. Impact ionization is shown to be of minor importance. For inhomogeneous p-doping profiles along the channel, significantly improved drain current saturation is predicted.

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POROD, WOLFGANG. "QUANTUM-DOT CELLULAR AUTOMATA DEVICES AND ARCHITECTURES." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 09, no. 01 (1998): 37–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012915649800004x.

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We discuss novel nanoelectronic architecture paradigms based on cells composed of coupled quantum-dots. These ideas of a transistor-less approach represent a radical departure from conventional technology. We utilize a strategy which exploits the physical interactions between quantum-dots arranged in suitably designed cellular arrays. Boolean logic functions may be implemented in specific arrays of cells representing binary information, the so-called Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA). Cells may also be viewed as carrying analog information and we outline a network-theoretic description of such Quantum-Dot Nonlinear Networks (Q–CNN). In addition, we discuss possible realizations of these structures in a variety of semiconductor systems (including GaAs/AlGaAs, Si/SiGe, and Si/SiO 2), rings of metallic tunnel junctions, and candidates for molecular implementations.

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Yu, Seoyoung, and Jeong Woo Lee. "Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Resource Allocation for D2D Communications Underlay Cellular Networks." Sensors 22, no. 23 (2022): 9459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239459.

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In this paper, a resource allocation (RA) scheme based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is designed for device-to-device (D2D) communications underlay cellular networks. The goal of RA is to determine the transmission power and spectrum channel of D2D links to maximize the sum of the average effective throughput of all cellular and D2D links in a cell accumulated over multiple time steps, where a cellular channel can be allocated to multiple D2D links. Allowing a cellular channel to be shared by multiple D2D links and considering performance over multiple time steps require a high level of system overhead and computational complexity so that optimal RA is practically infeasible in this scenario, especially when a large number of D2D links are involved. To mitigate the complexity, we propose a sub-optimal RA scheme based on a multi-agent DRL, which operates with shared information in participating devices, such as locations and allocated resources. Each agent corresponds to each D2D link and multiple agents perform learning in a staggered and cyclic manner. The proposed DRL-based RA scheme allocates resources to D2D devices promptly according to dynamically varying network set-ups, including device locations. The proposed sub-optimal RA scheme outperforms other schemes, where the performance gain becomes significant when the densities of devices in a cell are high.

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Deng, B., X. F. Li, D. Y. Chen, L. D. You, J. B. Wang, and J. Chen. "Parameter Screening in Microfluidics Based Hydrodynamic Single-Cell Trapping." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/929163.

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Microfluidic cell-based arraying technology is widely used in the field of single-cell analysis. However, among developed devices, there is a compromise between cellular loading efficiencies and trapped cell densities, which deserves further analysis and optimization. To address this issue, the cell trapping efficiency of a microfluidic device with two parallel micro channels interconnected with cellular trapping sites was studied in this paper. By regulating channel inlet and outlet status, the microfluidic trapping structure can mimic key functioning units of previously reported devices. Numerical simulations were used to model this cellular trapping structure, quantifying the effects of channel on/off status and trapping structure geometries on the cellular trapping efficiency. Furthermore, the microfluidic device was fabricated based on conventional microfabrication and the cellular trapping efficiency was quantified in experiments. Experimental results showed that, besides geometry parameters, cellular travelling velocities and sizes also affected the single-cell trapping efficiency. By fine tuning parameters, more than 95% of trapping sites were taken by individual cells. This study may lay foundation in further studies of single-cell positioning in microfluidics and push forward the study of single-cell analysis.

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Alzubi, Khaled Ahmed Aqeel. "The Effect of Using Electronic Assessment Based on Mobile-Installed Programs to Measure Students' Tolerance and Discipline Characteristics on Jordanian Teachers." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 17, no. 14 (2023): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i14.40055.

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The study aimed to explore the response of teachers in Jordan to the Electronic assessment based on software installed on cellular devices, mobiles, laptops and computers based on software installed on cellular devices, mobiles, laptops and computers based on software installed on cellular devices, mobiles, laptops and computers of students' personality (discipline and tolerance) in Three schools that were selected to apply the electronic assessment to them in the city of Amman for the first semester of the academic year 2022/2023. This study relied on quantitative data in addition to qualitative data. As for the research sample, it was taken intentionally and consisted of (110) students. Data was collected through a Tukey HSD questionnaire and test. Quantitative data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, while qualitative data were processed using the Miles and Huberman technique. The The The results of the study reached through the research process of the study reached through the research process of the study showed that the response to the use of electronic assessment based on software installed on cellular devices, mobiles, laptops and computers based on software installed on cellular devices, mobiles, laptops and computers based on software installed on cellular devices, mobiles, laptops and computers among teachers was very good. And now the use of Electronic assessment based on software installed on cellular devices, mobiles, laptops and computers based on software installed on cellular devices, mobiles, laptops and computers based on software installed on cellular devices, mobiles, laptops and computers developed the educational process.

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SUN, YU, and BRADLEY J. NELSON. "MEMS FOR CELLULAR FORCE MEASUREMENTS AND MOLECULAR DETECTION." International Journal of Information Acquisition 01, no. 01 (2004): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878904000136.

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MEMS technology and devices have proven their importance in facilitating single cell studies by providing quantitative information on cellular and sub-cellular levels. This paper reviews existing techniques for cellular and sub-cellular force measurement and molecular detection using MEMS-based devices. Literature on these techniques and sample devices is reviewed. The significance and limitations of various approaches are analyzed.

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Nugraha, Toha Ardi, Muhammad Putra Pamungkas, and Anna Nur Nazilah Chamim. "Interference Management using Power Control for Device-to-Device Communication in Future Cellular Network." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 3 (September 28, 2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2018.125418.

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There are many scenarios that have been proposed for ﬁfth generation (5G) networks. Some of them, if implemented, will bring fundamental changes at the architectural and node level. One example of such proposed technologies is device-to-device (D2D) communications which will change the nature of conventional cellular network design. D2D permits direct communication between two or more user devices without intervention of the base station (i.e. eNB). D2D can ensure network performance improvement over the traditional cellular network, because it can oﬄoad the mobile data trafﬁc from the other devices. However, applying D2D features in a cellular network will bring about more complex interference problems, since D2D communication uses the same band as its underlying cellular communication network. The aim of this research is to investigate interference-related problems caused by D2D communications, aﬀecting the underlying cellular networks, during downlink and uplink transmissions. The paper examines the use of power control methods to mitigate interference. A comparison is oﬀered between ﬁxed power level (FC) with or without power control, and adaptive power controls using two methods (AC1 and AC2), on a base station or on each of the D2D devices, based on the measured signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). The simulation results show that both power control methods contribute to improvement of network performance. AC1 and AC2 can improve SINR by about 1 dB and 0.5 dB compared to FC in a downlink transmission, and by 0.5 dB in an uplink transmission.

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Han, Fengxia, Hao Deng, Jianfeng Shi, and Hao Jiang. "Joint Power and Subchannel Allocation for Distributed Storage in Cellular-D2D Underlays." Sensors 21, no. 23 (2021): 8059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238059.

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Wireless distributed storage is beneficial in the provision of reliable content storage and offloading of cellular traffic. In this paper, we consider a cellular device-to-device (D2D) underlay-based wireless distributed storage system, in which the minimum storage regenerating (MSR) coding combined with the partial downloading scheme is employed. To alleviate burdens on insufficient cellular resources and improve spectral efficiency in densely deployed networks, multiple storage devices can simultaneously use the same uplink cellular subchannel under the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) protocol. Our objective is to minimize the total transmission power for content reconstruction, while guaranteeing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints for cellular users by jointly optimizing power and subchannel allocation. To tackle the non-convex combinational program, we decouple the original problem into two subproblems and propose two low-complexity algorithms to efficiently solve them, followed by a joint optimization, implemented by alternately updating the solutions to each subproblem. The numerical results illustrate that our proposed algorithms are capable of performing an exhaustive search with lower computation complexity, and the NOMA-enhanced scheme provides more transmission opportunities for neighbor storage devices, thus significantly reducing the total power consumption.

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Nguyen, Hoai Giang, Xuan Tung Nguyen, Van Son Nguyen, Trinh Van Chien, Tien Hoa Nguyen, and Soonghwan Ro. "Max–Min Fairness Optimization for D2D Communications Coexisting with Cellular Networks." Electronics 9, no. 9 (2020): 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091422.

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This paper considers a system consisting of a nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based device-to-device (D2D) communication system within a cellular network, in which the time and frequency resources are shared by everyone. In particular, D2D groups that constitute different pairs are assigned to the subchannels that the cellular users occupy. A max–min fairness optimization problem with power budget constraints is formulated and solved in this paper to reduce the mutual interference between the cellular users and D2D devices that substantially impacts that with the worst channel condition. For a low computational complexity solution, we propose the use of the bisection method together with the solution of a system of linear equalities. The proposed algorithm can provide uniformly good service to all of the cellular users and D2D devices in the coverage area by utilizing the minimal total transmit power. The simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in the improvement of the spectral efficiency of the worst user under the different widely used subchannel assignments and pairing techniques.

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Salwa, Saafi, Fodor Gabor, Hosek Jiri, and Andreev Sergey. "Cellular Connectivity and Wearable Technology Enablers for Industrial Mid-End Applications." IEEE Communications Magazine 59, no. 7 (2021): 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.001.2000988.

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Industrial digital transformation through efficient automation hinges largely on the deployment of communication infrastructures that meet the requirements of smart factory use cases. These infrastructures involve multiple devices that utilize different communication technologies to increase the overall operational efficiency. Rooting from the key implementation requirements of a smart factory environment, this article focuses on the role of cellular connectivity and wearable technology in enabling new industrial applications. Specifically, we shed light on a novel category of services - industrial mid-end wearable applications - by positioning their requirements among the 5G service classes. We then identify features that can complement cellular connectivity to further support the given requirements. More precisely, we review cellu-lar-network-aided device-to-device communications and reduced-capability devices. Our performance evaluation results justify the choice of these features and show that they can work in concert with cellular connectivity to enhance spectral efficiency and reliability in industrial mid-end wearable applications.

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Nguyen, Thanh-Luan, and Dinh-Thuan Do. "Outage performance users located outside D2D coverage area in downlink cellular network." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 3 (2021): 1380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i3.2298.

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Device-to-device (D2D) communication has been proposed to employ the proximity between two devices to enhance the overall spectrum utilization of a crowded cellular network. With the help of geometric probability tools, this framework considers the performance of cellular users under spatial separation with the D2D pair is investigated. The measurement results and analytical expression of outage probability show that the proposed frameworks improve the outage performance at a high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) at the base station. Results also interpret that the distances between nodes in the D2D-assisted network make slight impacts on the performance of the cellular user.

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Thanh-Luan, Nguyen, and Do Dinh-Thuan. "Outage performance users located outside D2D coverage area in downlink cellular network." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 3 (2021): pp. 1380–1387. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i3.2298.

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Device-to-device (D2D) communication has been proposed to employ the proximity between two devices to enhance the overall spectrum utilization of a crowded cellular network. With the help of geometric probability tools, this framework considers the performance of cellular users under spatial separation with the D2D pair is investigated. The measurement results and analytical expression of outage probability show that the proposed frameworks improve the outage performance at a high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) at the base station. Results also interpret that the distances between nodes in the D2D-assisted network make slight impacts on the performance of the cellular user.

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Datsika, Eftychia, Angelos Antonopulos, Nizar Zorba, and Christos Verikoukis. "Cross-Network Performance Analysis of Network Coding Aided Cooperative Outband D2D Communication." IEEE Trans. on Wireless Communications 16, no. 5 (2017): 3176–88. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2017.2675887.

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In long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) networks, the mobile devices can concurrently participate in cooperative outband device-to-device (D2D) data exchange by virtue of user- or network-related parameters (e.g., interest in the same content and cooperative transmissions, respectively). In these scenarios, two major problems arise: 1) the coexistence of multiple devices creates channel access issues, demanding effective medium access control (MAC) schemes, and 2) cellular network factors (i.e., scheduling policy and channel conditions) affect the D2D communication, as the circulating information in D2D links is mainly of cellular network origination, stressing the need for cross network approaches. In this context, the contribution of this paper is threefold. First, exploiting idle devices as relays and the benefits of network coding (NC) in bidirectional communications, we propose an adaptive cooperative NC-based MAC (ACNC-MAC) protocol for the D2D data exchange. Then, we devise a cross-network model that captures the impact of cellular network characteristics on D2D communication. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the ACNC-MAC in terms of throughput, energy efficiency, and battery consumption. Our results show that the LTE-A parameters and the relays' participation significantly affect the D2D throughput, while the D2D performance deteriorates with the increase of cell congestion.

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Tri, Jeffrey L., David L. Hayes, Thomas T. Smith, and Rodney P. Severson. "Cellular Phone Interference With External Cardiopulmonary Monitoring Devices." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 76, no. 1 (2001): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/76.1.11.

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Schrell, Adrian M., Nikita Mukhitov, Lian Yi, Xue Wang, and Michael G. Roper. "Microfluidic Devices for the Measurement of Cellular Secretion." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2016): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040409.

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Stelling, Jörg, and Boris N. Kholodenko. "Signaling cascades as cellular devices for spatial computations." Journal of Mathematical Biology 58, no. 1-2 (2008): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-008-0162-6.

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40

Prasad, Shalini, and Jorge Quijano. "Nanoporous Noninvasive Cellular Electrical Activity-Based Analysis Devices." Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 27, no. 1 (2007): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cll.2006.12.004.

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PRASAD, S., and J. QUIJANO. "Nanoporous Noninvasive Cellular Electrical Activity-Based Analysis Devices." Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 11, no. 2 (2006): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jala.2005.05.001.

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42

Porod, Wolfgang. "Quantum-dot devices and Quantum-dot Cellular Automata." Journal of the Franklin Institute 334, no. 5-6 (1997): 1147–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-0032(97)00041-0.

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43

Sheth, Ravi U., and Harris H. Wang. "DNA-based memory devices for recording cellular events." Nature Reviews Genetics 19, no. 11 (2018): 718–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41576-018-0052-8.

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Porod, Wolfgang. "Quantum-Dot Devices and Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 07, no. 10 (1997): 2199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127497001606.

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We discuss novel nanoelectronic architecture paradigms based on cells composed of coupled quantum-dots. Boolean logic functions may be implemented in specific arrays of cells representing binary information, the so-called Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA). Cells may also be viewed as carrying analog information and we outline a network-theoretic description of such Quantum-Dot Nonlinear Networks (Q-CNN). In addition, we discuss possible realizations of these structures in a variety of semiconductor systems (including GaAs/AlGaAs, Si/SiGe, and Si/SiO 2), rings of metallic tunnel junctions, and candidates for molecular implementations.

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Gin, Aaron, Sara Williams, Haoyu Meng, and P. Douglas Tougaw. "Hierarchical design of quantum-dot cellular automata devices." Journal of Applied Physics 85, no. 7 (1999): 3713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369737.

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Dr., B. Ananthi, and S. Balamohan Dr. "CELLULAR TECHNOLOGIES." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2017): 31–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.439234.

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Cellular Technology is the use of wireless communication related with the mobile phone. Wireless communications and systems have most experienced exceptional improvement over the decades and essential of every one in the global world. The use of wireless devices such as cell phone, PDA’s and Laptops has become an essential today. Cellular Phone known as a mobile phone, hand phone, or a phone that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while roaming all over the world. The objective of this article is to supply an overview of the development of cellular phone, Network architecture and the challenges the faced.

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Blair, Enrique, and Craig Lent. "Clock Topologies for Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 8, no. 3 (2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea8030031.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a low-power, non-von-Neumann, general-purpose paradigm for classical computing using transistor-free logic. Here, classical bits are encoded on the charge configuration of individual computing primitives known as “cells.” A cell is a system of quantum dots with a few mobile charges. Device switching occurs through quantum mechanical inter-dot charge tunneling, and devices are interconnected via the electrostatic field. QCA devices are implemented using arrays of QCA cells. A molecular implementation of QCA may support THz-scale clocking or better at room temperature. Molecular QCA may be clocked using an applied electric field, known as a clocking field. A time-varying clocking field may be established using an array of conductors. The clocking field determines the flow of data and calculations. Various arrangements of clocking conductors are laid out, and the resulting electric field is simulated. It is shown that that control of molecular QCA can enable feedback loops, memories, planar circuit crossings, and versatile circuit grids that support feedback and memory, as well as data flow in any of the ordinal grid directions. Logic, interconnect and memory now become indistinguishable, and the von Neumann bottleneck is avoided.

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Galinina, O. S., S. D. Andreev, and A. M. Tyurlikov. "On Multiple Access of a Large Number of Machine-Type Devices in Cellular Networks." Information and Control Systems, no. 4 (September 23, 2018): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/1684-8853-2018-4-105-114.

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Introduction: Machine-to-machine communication assumes data transmission from various wireless devices and attracts attention of cellular operators. In this regard, it is crucial to recognize and control overload situations when a large number of such devices access the network over a short time interval.Purpose:Analysis of the radio network overload at the initial network entry stage in a machine-to-machine communication system.Results: A system is considered that features multiple smart meters, which may report alarms and autonomously collect energy consumption information. An analytical approach is proposed to study the operation of a large number of devices in such a system as well as model the settings of the random-access protocol in a cellular network and overload control mechanisms with respect to the access success probability, network access latency, and device power consumption. A comparison between the obtained analytical results and simulation data is also offered.

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Tanaka, Yo. "Development of Microdevices Combining Machine and Life Systems." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 34, no. 2 (2022): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2022.p0288.

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A number of recent studies have exploited the sizes and functional properties of microdevices and cellular mechanical components to construct bio-microdevices. As the scale of microdevices can accommodate different cell sizes and processing capabilities, a number of efficient bioreactors and bioassay systems using cellular functions have been produced. To date, the main focus of these devices has been the analysis of cellular chemical functions. On the other hand, our concept is to use cells as components of devices for fluidic control. To date, various devices have been developed that exploit cellular mechanical functions. The working principle of these devices is novel because they only use chemical energy inputs. In this letter, the recent progress of this study and its characteristics are reviewed.

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Judex, Stefan, and Suphannee Pongkitwitoon. "Differential Efficacy of 2 Vibrating Orthodontic Devices to Alter the Cellular Response in Osteoblasts, Fibroblasts, and Osteoclasts." Dose-Response 16, no. 3 (2018): 155932581879211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325818792112.

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Modalities that increase the rate of tooth movement have received considerable attention, but direct comparisons between devices are rare. Here, we contrasted 2 mechanical vibratory devices designed to directly transfer vibrations into alveolar bone as a means to influence bone remodeling. To this end, 3 cells types intimately involved in modulating tooth movements—osteoblasts, periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and osteoclasts—were subjected to in vitro vibrations at bout durations prescribed by the manufacturers. As quantified by an accelerometer, vibration frequency and peak accelerations were 400% and 70% greater in the VPro5 (Propel Orthodontics) than in the AcceleDent (OrthoAccel Technologies) device. Both devices caused increased cell proliferation and gene expression in osteoblasts and fibroblasts, but the response to VPro5 treatment was greater than for the AcceleDent. In contrast, the ability to increase osteoclast activity was device independent. These data present an important first step in determining how specific cell types important for facilitating tooth movement respond to different vibration profiles. The device that engendered a higher vibration frequency and larger acceleration (VPro5) was superior in stimulating osteoblast and fibroblast cell proliferation/gene expression, although the duration of each treatment bout was 75% shorter than for the AcceleDent.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cellular devices'

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