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Journal articles on the topic 'Cellular plastic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Wang, Yung-Li, Yu-Hsuan Lee, I.-Jen Chiu, Yuh-Feng Lin, and Hui-Wen Chiu. "Potent Impact of Plastic Nanomaterials and Micromaterials on the Food Chain and Human Health." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051727.

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Plastic products are inexpensive, convenient, and are have many applications in daily life. We overuse plastic-related products and ineffectively recycle plastic that is difficult to degrade. Plastic debris can be fragmented into smaller pieces by many physical and chemical processes. Plastic debris that is fragmented into microplastics or nanoplastics has unclear effects on organismal systems. Recently, this debris was shown to affect biota and to be gradually spreading through the food chain. In addition, studies have indicated that workers in plastic-related industries develop many kinds of cancer because of chronic exposure to high levels of airborne microplastics. Microplastics and nanoplastics are everywhere now, contaminating our water, air, and food chain. In this review, we introduce a classification of plastic polymers, define microplastics and nanoplastics, identify plastics that contaminate food, describe the damage and diseases caused by microplastics and nanoplastics, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this damage and disease as well as solutions for their amelioration. Thus, we expect to contribute to the understanding of the effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on cellular and molecular mechanisms and the ways that the uptake of microplastics and nanoplastics are potentially dangerous to our biota. After understanding the issues, we can focus on how to handle the problems caused by plastic overuse.

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2

Ripken, Christina, Konstantin Khalturin, and Eiichi Shoguchi. "Response of Coral Reef Dinoflagellates to Nanoplastics under Experimental Conditions Suggests Downregulation of Cellular Metabolism." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111759.

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Plastic products contribute heavily to anthropogenic pollution of the oceans. Small plastic particles in the microscale and nanoscale ranges have been found in all marine ecosystems, but little is known about their effects upon marine organisms. In this study, we examine changes in cell growth, aggregation, and gene expression of two symbiotic dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae, Symbiodinium tridacnidorum (clade A3), and Cladocopium sp. (clade C) under exposure to 42-nm polystyrene beads. In laboratory experiments, the cell number and aggregation were reduced after 10 days of nanoplastic exposure at 0.01, 0.1, and 10 mg/L concentrations, but no clear correlation with plastic concentration was observed. Genes involved in dynein motor function were upregulated when compared to control conditions, while genes related to photosynthesis, mitosis, and intracellular degradation were downregulated. Overall, nanoplastic exposure led to more genes being downregulated than upregulated and the number of genes with altered expression was larger in Cladocopium sp. than in S. tridacnidorum, suggesting different sensitivity to nano-plastics between species. Our data show that nano-plastic inhibits growth and alters aggregation properties of microalgae, which may negatively affect the uptake of these indispensable symbionts by coral reef organisms.

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3

Laternser, Ralf, Hans-Peter Ga¨nser, Lars Taenzer, and Alexander Hartmaier. "Chip Formation in Cellular Materials." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, no. 1 (December 31, 2002): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1526126.

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The constitutive behavior of cellular materials like wood, especially with respect to the plastic and fracture mechanical properties, differs significantly from that of “classical” materials like steel. From this point of view, it appears interesting to investigate a process like chip formation, where both plasticity and fracture intervene. Finite element simulations of such a process are performed using an elastoplastic constitutive model for isotropic foams to describe the material, and a cohesive zone model to describe the crack. The repartition of the cutting force into the components required for the elasto-plastic deformation of the material and for crack opening is obtained.

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4

Winter, W. "Multi-axial plastic strain rates in cellular bone based on a plastic potential." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)82890-3.

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5

Farber, Nimrod, Josef Haik, Alon Liran, Oren Weissman, and Eyal Winkler. "Third generation cellular multimedia teleconsultations in plastic surgery." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 17, no. 4 (April 20, 2011): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2010.100604.

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6

Box, F., R. Bowman, and T. Mullin. "Dynamic compression of elastic and plastic cellular solids." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 15 (October 7, 2013): 151909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4824845.

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7

Koritsina, M. V., G. A. Migunov, and A. S. Rozovskii. "Reduction of the flammability of cellular plastic FRP." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 27, no. 7 (July 1991): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01262671.

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8

Dement'ev, A. G., O. G. Tarakanov, and P. I. Seliverstov. "Strength of foam plastic with interpenetrating cellular structures." Mechanics of Composite Materials 20, no. 6 (1985): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00617381.

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9

Bouwhuis, B. A., E. Bele, and G. D. Hibbard. "Plastic Hinging Collapse of Periodic Cellular Truss Cores." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 39, no. 10 (July 15, 2008): 2329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-008-9590-6.

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10

Noor Hasanah, T. I. T., D. C. Wijeyesekera, Ismail bin Bakar, and Wahab Saidin. "New Lightweight Construction Material: Cellular Mat Using Recycled Plastic." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.503.

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Applications of lightweight construction materials enable the design and construction in challenging, difficult and demanding scenarios. Construction materials with enhanced stiffness as in sandwich panels, large portable structures and floating foundations are examples of such materials. The advent of cellular structure technology has actively introduced innovation and enabled design and construction, meeting engineering requirements such as in the construction of the body of air crafts. Cellular mat structures present in the minimum, triple benefits in being lightweight, load sharing and minimising non-uniform deformation. This paper further explores the use of recycled plastic waste as the base material for an innovative geomaterial. The combination of cellular structure, mat structure and use of recycled waste material is a desirable development in manufacturing. Paper also outlines the techno social benefit of adopting such material in construction. Other application-specific benefits related to cellular mats are those like noise reduction, energy absorption, thermal insulation, mechanical damping. This paper specifically presents the development of a new multifunctional lightweight material is been proposed as an invective innovation for highway construction on challenging ground condition.

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11

ITOGE, Osamu, Yuji IRIE, Hirotaka SUZUKI, Koji KOURA, Tatsuo ANDO, Takuya TSUTSUMI, and Shinichi MINAMI. "FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON THE COMBUSTIBILITY OF CELLULAR PLASTIC INSULATION." Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 75, no. 647 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aije.75.1.

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12

Boss, William K., Hakan Usai, Gregory Chernoff, Gregory S. Keller, Gary P. Lask, and Peter B. Fodor. "Autologous Cultured Fibroblasts As Cellular Therapy In Plastic Surgery." Clinics in Plastic Surgery 27, no. 4 (October 2000): 613–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-1298(20)32764-4.

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13

Fan, Youchen, and Erkki Kokko. "Dimension-Dependent Long-Term Aging of Cellular Plastic Insulations." Journal of Cellular Plastics 31, no. 6 (November 1995): 532–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x9503100603.

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14

Pan, Pengzhi, Xiating Feng, and Hui Zhou. "Development and applications of the elasto-plastic cellular automaton." Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 25, no. 2 (April 2012): 126–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0894-9166(12)60014-7.

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15

�chsner, A., W. Winter, and G. Kuhn. "On an elastic-plastic transition zone in cellular metals." Archive of Applied Mechanics (Ingenieur Archiv) 73, no. 3-4 (September 1, 2003): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00419-003-0287-4.

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16

Kabayama, Michiomi A. "Long-Term Thermal Resistance Values of Cellular Plastic Insulations." Journal of Thermal Insulation 10, no. 4 (April 1987): 286–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109719638701000408.

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17

Low, Norman M. P. "The Characterization of Thin Layers of Cellular Plastic Insulations." Journal of Thermal Insulation 13, no. 4 (April 1990): 246–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109719639001300406.

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18

Winter, Werner. "A contribution to the plastic behavior of cellular bone." PAMM 6, no. 1 (December 2006): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200610055.

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19

Kullmann, Dimitri M., and Karri P. Lamsa. "Interneurons go plastic." Neuropharmacology 60, no. 5 (April 2011): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.02.001.

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20

Wagner, R. D., E. S. Krul, J. B. Moberly, D. H. Alpers, and G. Schonfeld. "Apolipoprotein expression and cellular differentiation in Caco-2 intestinal cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 263, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): E374—E382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1992.263.2.e374.

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Caco-2 cells, cultured for 18 days on porous filter supports and conventional plastic culture dishes, were used to study the effects of cellular differentiation on the expression of apolipoprotein (apo) genes. Media of filter-grown cells accumulated more apo B as apo B-48 and contained three times the amount of edited apo B mRNA compared with plastic-grown cells. The accumulation of apo A-I by media of plastic-grown cells was higher than accumulation by filter-grown cells, despite similar concentrations of apo A-I mRNA. The apo A-IV was detectable in the culture media earlier with filter-grown cells compared with plastic-grown cells, despite similar apo A-IV mRNA concentrations. Plastic-grown cells contained more apo E mRNA, and their media accumulated more apo E than filter-grown cells. With the exception of apo A-I, apo gene expression changed with Caco-2 cell differentiation to resemble more closely the patterns seen in adult enterocytes. There were no effects or minimal effects of added retinoic acid, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], or thyroid hormone on apo accumulation in media of filter-grown cultures of Caco-2 cells. However, 1,25(OH)2D3 and thyroid hormone increased apo B, apo A-IV, and apo A-I mRNA concentrations, retinoic acid increased apo B mRNA concentrations alone, and all three reduced apo E mRNA concentrations. Ratios of edited to unedited apo B mRNA were unaffected. In conclusion, culture substratum importantly influences Caco-2 cell differentiation. Soluble factors that influence cellular differentiation may affect apo gene expression over and above effects mediated by the culture substratum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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21

Ajdari, A., H. Nayeb-Hashemi, P. Canavan, and G. Warner. "Effect of defects on elastic–plastic behavior of cellular materials." Materials Science and Engineering: A 487, no. 1-2 (July 2008): 558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.10.050.

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22

Zheng, Jie, Qinghua Qin, and T. J. Wang. "Impact plastic crushing and design of density-graded cellular materials." Mechanics of Materials 94 (March 2016): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2015.11.014.

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23

Fan, Youchen, and Erkki Kokko. "Measurement of Gaseous Diffusion within Zero ODP Cellular Plastic Insulation." Journal of Cellular Plastics 33, no. 1 (January 1997): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x9703300105.

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24

Kim, H. S., and S. T. S. Al-Hassani. "Plastic collapse of cellular structures comprised of doubly tapered struts." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 43, no. 11 (November 2001): 2453–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7403(01)00061-3.

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25

Fan, Tian You, Hai Yun Hu, and Zhi Yi Tang. "Plastic analysis of central crack specimen of cellular/foam materials." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 99 (February 2013): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.12.015.

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26

Lee, Hyun Min, Hong Rae Kim, Eunbeen Jeon, Hee Cheol Yu, Sukkyoo Lee, Jiaojie Li, and Dae-Hwan Kim. "Evaluation of the Biodegradation Efficiency of Four Various Types of Plastics by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from the Gut Extract of Superworms." Microorganisms 8, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091341.

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Plastic waste worldwide is becoming a serious pollution problem for the planet. Various physical and chemical methods have been tested in attempts to remove plastic dumps. However, these have usually resulted in secondary pollution issues. Recently, the biodegradation of plastic by fungal and bacterial strains has been spotlighted as a promising solution to remove plastic wastes without generating secondary pollution. We have previously reported that a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from the gut of a superworm is capable of biodegrading polystyrene (PS) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). Herein, we demonstrate the extraordinary biodegradative power of P. aeruginosa in efficiently depolymerizing four different types of plastics: PS, PPS, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). We further compared biodegradation rates for these four plastic types and found that PE was biodegraded fastest, whereas the biodegradation of PP was the slowest. Moreover, the growth rates of P. aeruginosa were not always proportional to biodegradation rates, suggesting that the rate of bacterial growth could be influenced by the composition and properties of intermediate molecules produced during plastic biodegradation, and these may supply useful cellular precursors and energy. In conclusion, an initial screening system to select the most suitable bacterial strain to biodegrade certain types of plastic is particularly important and may be necessary to solve plastic waste problems both presently and in the future.

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27

Ding, Yuanyuan, Shilong Wang, Kai Zhao, Zhijun Zheng, Liming Yang, and Jilin Yu. "Blast Alleviation of Cellular Sacrificial Cladding: A Nonlinear Plastic Shock Model." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 08, no. 04 (June 2016): 1650057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825116500575.

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The anti-blast behavior of cellular sacrificial cladding is investigated based on a continuum-based nonlinear plastic shock model. A rate-independent, rigid–plastic hardening (R-PH) model with two material parameters, namely the initial crushing stress and the strain hardening parameter, is employed to idealize the cellular material. The governing equation of the motion of cover plate is obtained and solved numerically with a fourth-order Runge–Kutta scheme. A comparison of the crushing percentage contours of sacrificial cladding based on the R-PH model and the rigid–perfectly plastic–locking (R-PP-L) model is carried out. Results transpire that the R-PP-L model is not accurate enough to evaluate the energy absorption. Dimensional analysis is employed to study the critical length of cellular sacrificial cladding and an empirical expression is determined by the controlling valuable method. An asymptotic solution is also obtained by applying the regular perturbation theory. Finally, the design criteria of cellular sacrificial cladding based on the R-PH shock model is verified by a cell-based finite element model.

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28

Stronge, W. J., and V. P. W. Shim. "Microdynamics of Crushing in Cellular Solids." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 110, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226029.

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Lightweight, open-celled foams and honeycombs can exhibit deformation localization during static crushing as a result of buckling and plastic collapse of cell walls. Localization of deformation is a manifestation of strain-softening behavior that limits transmitted forces through these shock mitigating materials. Collision tests on two-dimensional cellular solids with strain-softening behavior reveal that with some microstructures, strain-rate effects can stabilize less compliant modes of deformation. When stabilization occurs, it amplifies the intensity of transmitted shocks.

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29

Muñoz-Andrade, Juan Daniel. "Unification of Physics during Super Plastic Flow in Advanced Materials." Materials Science Forum 838-839 (January 2016): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.838-839.78.

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In the framework connected with the unification of physics, the activation energy for super plastic flow in advanced materials has been obtained by applying the new quantum mechanics and relativistic model proposed by Muñoz-Andrade. This new model allows the direct evaluation of the activation energy for super plastic flow at instantaneous thermo-mechanical material forming conditions. Also, in order to establish the phenomenology and mechanics of super plastic flow, the dependence on strain rate and phase velocity de Broglie is obtained, for the reason that the nature wavelength of the cellular dislocations is essential in the association with coupled mechanisms during super plastic flow, such as grain boundary sliding, cooperative grain boundary sliding and self-accommodation process. In conclusion, cellular dislocation dynamics is a nature mechanism during super plastic flow in advanced materials. The results obtained in this work are in a closed agreement with results reported previously.

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30

Gao, Z. Y., and T. X. Yu. "One-Dimensional Analysis on the Dynamic Response of Cellular Chains to Pulse Loading." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 220, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062c07505.

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On the basis of our previous studies of a typical type II structure (i.e. a pair of prebent plates), a simplified one-dimensional mass-spring model is proposed to describe the uniaxial load-deformation characteristic of cellular materials and structures. When compared with the previous mass-spring model proposed by Shim et al., the present model employs fewer parameters (only two) to describe elastic-plastic behaviour, and the structural hardening/softening is represented by only one of the parameters. The model is then used to study the dynamic response of a cellular chain to a pulse loading of specified force intensity and duration. By adjusting the value of a single parameter adopted in the model, each cell of the cellular chain is identically assigned to possess either an elastic-hardening or an elastic-softening-consolidation property. The effects of material elasticity, cell compliance characteristic, cell number, and pulse intensity and duration are all examined by this model and discussed in detail. A special attention is paid to the initiation and propagation of the plastic collapse of the cells in the cellular chain so as to identify the governing parameters. Apart from the elastic wave speed, two other characteristic velocities, i.e. the particle velocity induced by the elastic wave and the plastic collapse propagation velocity, are defined and analytically evaluated. It is found that these three characteristic velocities completely govern the elastic and plastic dynamic behaviour of the cellular chains.

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31

USHIJIMA, KUNIHARU, DAI-HENG CHEN, and HIRONOBU NISITANI. "ENERGY ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY IN CELLULAR SOLIDS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920804733x.

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In this paper, a new type of honeycomb structure is proposed to enhance the energy absorption capacity for a honeycomb structure, and investigated its energy absorption efficiency (absorbed energy per unit volume) by finite element method (FEM). This model has small arc-shaped parts on the double cell wall, and can be manufactured by a similar way of standard honeycomb structures. Also, the proposed structure has large rigidity of plastic bending without increasing the mass. In this paper, effects of geometrical properties on the energy absorption characteristics are discussed.

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32

Matsugaki, Aira, and Takayoshi Nakano. "Control of Cellular Arrangement by Surface Topography Induced by Plastic Deformation." Crystals 6, no. 6 (June 22, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst6060073.

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33

Fan, Youchen, and Erkki Kokko. "Three-dimensional gaseous transfer within cellular plastic insulation and its consequences." Building Research & Information 25, no. 1 (January 1997): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096132197370589.

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34

Ban, Ehsan, J. Matthew Franklin, Sungmin Nam, Lucas R. Smith, Hailong Wang, Rebecca G. Wells, Ovijit Chaudhuri, Jan T. Liphardt, and Vivek B. Shenoy. "Mechanisms of Plastic Deformation in Collagen Networks Induced by Cellular Forces." Biophysical Journal 114, no. 2 (January 2018): 450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.3739.

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35

Johnson, David. "A cellular analogy for the elastic-plastic Saint-Venant torsion problem." International Journal of Solids and Structures 24, no. 3 (1988): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(88)90037-6.

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36

Zhang, Yuwu, Yuliang Lin, and Xiangcheng Li. "Plastic Crushing Failure of Bio-Inspired Cellular Hierarchical Topological Sandwich Core." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 5040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175040.

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Bio-inspired self-similar hierarchical honeycombs are multifunctional cellular topologies used for resisting various loadings. However, the crushing behavior under large plastic deformation is still unknown. This paper investigates the in-plane compressive response of selective laser melting (SLM) fabricated hierarchical honeycombs. The effects of hierarchical order, relative density as well as constituent material are evaluated. The results show that at small deformation, the AlSi10Mg alloy hierarchical honeycombs show great advantages over the elastic modulus and compressive strength than 316L steel hierarchical honeycombs. As the relative density and hierarchical order increase, the failure mechanism of AlSi10Mg alloy honeycombs gradually changes from a bending-dominated mode to a fracture-dominated mode; whereas all the 316L steel honeycombs fail due to the distortion of original unit cells. At large deformation, the AlSi10Mg alloy honeycombs behave with brittle responses, while the 316L steel honeycombs exhibit ductile responses, showing a negative Poisson’s ratio behavior and gradient deformation of hierarchical unit cells. The addition of unit cell refinements improves the elastic modulus of AlSi10Mg alloy honeycombs and advances the densification of 316L steel honeycombs. In addition, the effect of constituent material on the compressive response of hierarchical honeycombs has been discussed. This study facilitates the development and future potential application of multifunctional ultra-light sandwich structures.

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37

Chen, Te-Hsuen, and Yi-You Huang. "APPLICATIONS OF CHAMBER DEVICES WITH NONLINEAR OPTICAL IMAGE SYSTEM." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 21, no. 02 (April 2009): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237209001180.

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In this study, we use laser to fabricate the plastic chamber for animal experiments in vivo. Laser cutting plastics process offers to cut a complex shape at high speed with the absence of hot stress and deformation. We combine this novel method to fabricate the dorsal skinfold plastic chamber and the ear plastic chamber. The chamber was applied on the nude mice and combined with optical system to improve the time of observation and the position of accuracy. The plastic dorsal skinfold chamber (DSC) exhibited good properties than the metallic DSC. The metallic DSC only offered monitoring for more than seven days after implantation. In contrast with the metallic DSC, the plastic DSC enabled monitoring to be observed for more than 12 days after implantation. This plastic DSC and ear chamber are more applications on short-term and long-term mode of disease. These chamber techniques combined with nonlinear microscopy will have many applications in clinic. The nonlinear optical effects have advantages for monitoring the biological processes, such as cellular autofluorescences were excited by two photons excitation and collagen structures were observed by second harmonic generation. The chamber model combines with nonlinear optical microscopy to visualizing cells and tissue structures in vivo. This chamber model allows repeat observation of the same sites for long periods of time and investigation of cells and collagen structures interaction without histological staining and sacrificed animals.

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38

Leitão, Ana Lúcia, and Francisco J. Enguita. "Structural Insights into Carboxylic Polyester-Degrading Enzymes and Their Functional Depolymerizing Neighbors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052332.

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Esters are organic compounds widely represented in cellular structures and metabolism, originated by the condensation of organic acids and alcohols. Esterification reactions are also used by chemical industries for the production of synthetic plastic polymers. Polyester plastics are an increasing source of environmental pollution due to their intrinsic stability and limited recycling efforts. Bioremediation of polyesters based on the use of specific microbial enzymes is an interesting alternative to the current methods for the valorization of used plastics. Microbial esterases are promising catalysts for the biodegradation of polyesters that can be engineered to improve their biochemical properties. In this work, we analyzed the structure-activity relationships in microbial esterases, with special focus on the recently described plastic-degrading enzymes isolated from marine microorganisms and their structural homologs. Our analysis, based on structure-alignment, molecular docking, coevolution of amino acids and surface electrostatics determined the specific characteristics of some polyester hydrolases that could be related with their efficiency in the degradation of aromatic polyesters, such as phthalates.

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39

Widyawati, Fauzi. "PEMANFAATAN SERAT SISAL (agave sisalana L.) DAN LIMBAH PLASTIK PET UNTUK PEMBUATAN BATA RINGAN CLC (CELLULAR LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE)." Jurnal TAMBORA 4, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v4i1.566.

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Some time ago in the region of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) experienced earthquake shocks which shocked the community so that many buildings were destroyed and razed to the ground. While the current use of plastic waste is a concern of the community and government, especially in the NTB region. So this background is the basis of research to make earthquake-resistant lightweight bricks by utilizing PET plastic waste to replace coarse aggregate as a mixture and use sisal fiber as a reinforcement to strengthen the strength of lightweight bricks. The purpose of this research is to find out how to make light brick type CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete) by utilizing PET plastic waste and sisal fiber, to determine the effect of the addition of PET plastic and sisal fiber to the mechanical properties of light bricks, and to determine the optimum composition of the addition of plastic PET and sisal fiber in the manufacture of lightweight brick CLC. The use of PET plastic and sisal fiber produces brick with an average density of 1,830,419 kg / m3 for 1: 1 variation samples, 1,880 kg / m3 for 4: 1 variation samples, and 1,887,654 kg / m3 for 1: variation samples 4. Maximum compressive strength is achieved in 1: 4 variation samples ie samples with the addition of sisal fiber 4 times more than PET plastic. Based on the results of the measurement of the density of bricks, only the sample variation 1: 1 that meets the standards of SNI 2847-2013 light brick (1,140-1,840 kg / m3). The addition of sisal fiber which is 4 times more than PET plastic (sample variation 1: 4) has the highest compressive strength value of 8.5 MPa and is included in the category of lightweight brick quality I.

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40

Xiao, Dengbao, and Guiping Zhao. "Influence of Gradient Metallic Cellular Core on the Indentation Response of Sandwich Panels." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 03 (April 2017): 1750035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500351.

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The characteristics of gradient metallic cellular materials vary along its thickness direction. Under quasi-static compression, the crushing stress of gradient cellular materials cannot be simplified as a constant before the cellular materials are all crushed. To calculate the crushing stress of gradient metallic cellular material, a new formula associate with strain hardening for gradient cellular materials is presented. Subsequently, an analytical model is developed to investigate the plastic indentation response of the sandwich panel with gradient metallic cellular core. Finite element (FE) simulation is carried out in order to verify the analytical results. Finally, the influences of gradient cellular cores with equivalent mass, in which two types of gradients: linear mass density and linear plateau stress distributions are considered, on the response of sandwich panels are further investigated. And the results show that the plastic energy due to compressive deformation of the gradient cellular core with the linear mass density is larger than that of the gradient cellular core with linear plateau stress under the same indentation.

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Xu, Meng, Yang, Zhang, Fan, and Sun. "Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Transversely Isotropic Cellular Materials with Inner Gas Pressure." Metals 9, no. 8 (August 16, 2019): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9080901.

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The fabrication process of cellular materials, such as foaming, usually leads to cells elongated in one direction, but equiaxed in a plane normal to that direction. This study is aimed at understanding the elasto-plastic behaviour of transversely isotropic cellular materials with inner gas pressure. An idealised ellipsoidal-cell face-centred-cubic foam that is filled with gas was generated and modelled to obtain the uniaxial stress–strain relationship, Poisson’s ratio and multiaxial yield surface. The effects of the elongation ratio and gas pressure on the elasto-plastic properties for a relative density of 0.5 were investigated. It was found that an increase in the elongation ratio caused increases in both the elastic modulus and yield stress for uniaxial loading along the cell elongation direction, and led to a tilted multiaxial yield surface in the mean stress and Mises equivalent stress plane. Compared to isotropic spheroidal-cell foams, the size of the yield surface of the ellipsoidal-cell foam is smaller for high-stress triaxiality, but larger for low-stress triaxiality, and the yield surface rotates counter-clockwise with the Lode angle increasing. The gas pressure caused asymmetry of the uniaxial stress–strain curve (e.g., reduced tensile yield stress), and it increased the nominal plastic Poisson’s ratio for compression, but had the opposite effect for tension. Furthermore, the gas pressure shifted the yield surface towards the negative mean stress axis with a distance equal to the gas pressure. The combined effects of the elongation ratio and gas pressure are complicated, particularly for the elasto-plastic properties in the plane in which the cells are equiaxed.

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42

Booth, FW, and BS Tseng. "Olympic Goal: Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Understanding Muscle Adaptation." Physiology 8, no. 4 (August 1, 1993): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1993.8.4.165.

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Skeletal muscle is a plastic tissue showing adaptations to training that permit more physical work with less fatigue. Delineation of basic mechanisms of these adaptations will allow the development of scientifically based programs of exercise as well as potential new drugs for the maintenance of physical fitness.

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43

Mollinari, Cristiana. "Transdifferentiation In Neuroscience: Lights And Shadows." Journal of Stem Cells Research, Development & Therapy 6, no. 6 (December 23, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/srdt-2060/100056.

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Adult cells are believed to maintain their differentiated status under stable homeostatic conditions, while cellular identity can become plastic when homeostasis is perturbed such as during an injury and inflammation [1]. Indeed, it is now evident that cell identity is more flexible and plastic than previously thought

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44

Tinglu, Guan, and Hans Ris. "Structural Preservation of Thick Frozen Sections by Critical Point Drying." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 442–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010011903x.

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Stereoscopic Imaging of critical point dried (CPD) whole mounts of intact cells or isolated cell organelles using a high voltage electron microscope has provided new information on cellular organization. In such preparations the visibility of delicate structures is greatly improved since no embedding plastic is present. After permeabilization of the plasma membrane such whole mounts have also advantages over thin sections for immunolabeling of extended structures such as cytoplasmic filaments. In order to extend these advantages to tissue cells, plastics have been developed which can be extracted from the sections which are then dried by CPD. Another approach for obtaining embeddment free sections is cryosectioning. Modern rapid freezing techniques and cryoultramicrotomes can produce excellent sections free of ice crystal damage. However structural preservation so far has been unsatisfactory unless the sections were embedded in a layer of plastic.

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45

Tsay, Huoy-Shyi, and Fung-Huei Yeh. "Frequency Response Function for Prediction of Planar Cellular Plastic Foam Acoustic Behavior." Journal of Cellular Plastics 41, no. 2 (March 2005): 101–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x05051737.

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46

Marsavina, L., E. Linul, T. Voiconi, and R. Negru. "Experimental investigations and numerical simulations of notch effect in cellular plastic materials." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 123 (April 15, 2016): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/123/1/012060.

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47

Hamana, D., and H. Choutri. "Effect of plastic deformation on the kinetics and mechanism of cellular precipitation." Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 25, no. 4 (April 1991): 859–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(91)90238-v.

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48

Chalvatzis, N. "Complications in Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery." British Journal of Ophthalmology 88, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2004.041533.

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49

Collin, R. "Techniques in Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery." British Journal of Ophthalmology 71, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.71.8.642-b.

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50

Collin, J. R. O. "Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery." British Journal of Ophthalmology 71, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.71.8.643.

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