Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellular respiration'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cellular respiration.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Liimatta, E. (Erkki). "Intracellular calcium, preconditioning and regulation of cellular respiration in heart." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514260865.
Full textRobertson, Laura, LaShay Jennings, Scott Honeycutt, Karin Keith, and Chih-Che Tai. "Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (LS1): A Hands-On Approach for Grades 6–12." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/770.
Full textRobertson, Laura, LaShay Jennings, Kari Eubanks, and Scott Honeycutt. "Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (LS1): A Hands-On Approach Supporting the NGSS and ELA CCSS." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1313.
Full textPresley, Tennille D. "Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry as a quantitative tool to measure cellular respiration in pathophysiological conditions." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1187014988.
Full textCui, Xiaoyu. "Regulation of Cellular Bioenergetics by Na/K-ATPase." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1481294995657855.
Full textVo, Thi Thanh Phuong. "An investigation of the use of concept mapping in teaching and learning cellular respiration in a Vietnamese university." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/MQ37656.pdf.
Full textPape, Jenny Adele. "Characterizing the Function of PAS kinase in Cellular Metabolism and Neurodegenerative Disease." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8552.
Full textWinger, Alison Marie. "Impact of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in Arabidopsis mitochondria." University of Western Australia. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Discipline Group, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0121.
Full textAebig, Trudy J. "Cell cycle-dependent association of plectin 1b regulates mitochondrial morphology and function." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307440587.
Full textModa, Bruno Spinetti. "Estudos do gene nuclear MSC6 envolvido na tradução mitocondrial em Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-23012017-141051/.
Full textMitochondria is necessary in many cellular processes, therefore, compromised mutations of its operation can cause severe damage to the cell, known as mitochondrial disorders. Thus is necessary the realization of mitochondrial biogenesis studies in order to fully understand its functioning in health and disease. Mitochondria biogenesis studies are favored in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this work, we have studied the MSC6 nuclear gene of S. cerevisiae that was able to suppress the HER2/QRS1 dominant mutant, another essential gene for the mitochondrial translation process. Msc6p has a PPR protein motif likely associated to RNA binding but with unknown function. We discovered that Msc6p is localized in the mitochondrial matrix, also that disruption of MSC6 implies in respiratory. We also find a possible interaction between Msc6p and Fmt1p, an enzyme required for mitochondrial translation initiation. In conclusion, is clear the role of MSC6 in the mitochondrial translational process, but further studies are required to indicate the specific function of Msc6p.
Bandeira, Simone Cristina Borges. "Identificação funcional e estrutura genômica de genes nucleares associados à atividade da citocromo C oxidase de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-29102009-122827/.
Full textParacoccidioides brasiliensis is the ethologic agent of the paracoccioidomycose, a systemic mycosis prevalent in Latin American. This is a thermo dimorphic fungus living in the mycelium form at room temperature (25ºC) and in the yeast form between 35 ºC e 37 ºC. In this work we identified and study fifteen (15) new P. brasiliensis genes involved in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase expression (COX). The genes PbCOX6, PbCOX17, PbCOX19 e PbOXA1 were able to functionally replace its homologues in the respective S. cerevisiae null mutant. All P. brasiliensis genes analyzed have their expression modulated during the morphologic transition from mycelium to yeast as well as from yeast to mycelium. This observation highlighted the importance of the respiration related genes in the fungus pathogenicity establishment. Genomic structure analyzes of these genes confirmed introns presence as well as evidenced the alternative splicing occurrence. It was demonstrated bioactive compounds siderofore production in P. brasiliensis been detected siderofore secretion in the solids and liquid medium.
Gomes, Fernando. "A síntese de coenzima Q e a estabilidade de DNA mitocondrial em Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-19092012-103914/.
Full textSaccharomyces cerevisiae respiratory mutants can show a wide range of mtDNA instability. We analyze different classes of mutants and observed a higher instability among mutants lacking a functional coenzyme Q (CoQ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of alterations in the redox state of coenzyme Q on the stability of mtDNA mitochondrial in different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Dcoq10 mutant, which synthesizes CoQ nonfunctional, inactivation of individual NADH dehydrogenases Ndi1p Nde1p has shown a decreased mtDNA instability, which was accompanied by a decrement in the rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) release. Moreover, overexpression of Nde1p increased instability Dcoq10 mutant. The inactivation of individual NADH dehydrogenases in Dcoq4 strain which is deficient in the synthesis of CoQ, did not reduce the instability of the mtDNA. All the results indicate that changes in the redox state of coenzyme Q influence the stability of mtDNA, probably by the production of reactive oxygen species.
Arens, Daniel Kurt. "Evolution and Selection: From Suppression of Metabolic Deficiencies to Bacteriophage Host Range and Resistance." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8957.
Full textBeraud, Nathalie. "La bioénergétique systémique moléculaire des cellules cardiaques : importance de la structure et de l’organisation cellulaire pour la régulation de la respiration mitochondriale." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10101.
Full textThe airn of this study was to analyze the importance of intracellular interactions and the structural organization for the regulation of cellular energy. First, we analyzed the theoretical basis for the application of classical theories of regulation for intracellular processes. Then, in adult cardiomyocytes and HL-I cells with a different structural organization, we analyzed in detail the mitochondrial dynamics using the methods of confocal microscopy and image analysis, and the kinetics of the regulation of respiration using the permeabilized cells technique, oxygraphy and spectrophotometric methods. We found that in adult cardiomyocytes, mitochondria are localized very regularly thanks to the cytoskeleton and without phenomenon of fusion or fission. The configuration of the inner membrane fluctuates so fast (condensed state and orthodox state), this is explained by the random walk mechanism and the functions of metabolic transporters. Ln the HL-I cells, mitochondria are in rapid continuous movement involving fusion and fission phenomena. Ln cardiomyocytes, respiration and energy fluxes are controlled by the CK to overcome restrictions on the diffusion for adenine nucleotides. Ln the HL-I cells, the control of respiration by Cr is absent and is replaced by HK. The approaches to molecular systems bioenergetics can better understand the metabolic compartimentation and mechanisms of respiration regulation in cells resulting from the interactions of intracellular structures and their components
Théron, Michaël. "Effets de la pression sur la respiration cellulaire chez le poisson." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES3107.
Full textMercier, Béatrice. "Bol d’Air Jacquier® : évaluation des effets biologiques et antiradicalaires de terpènes peroxydés." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS019.
Full textThe aim of the Bol d’Air Jacquier® device is to provide a balanced cellular oxygenation, regardless the degree of pollution, place, age, lifestyle or physiological conditions of those who breathes it. It is used to provide a natural extract of peroxidizing terpens (with a majority of pinenes), in gaseous and inhalable form. With several light chemical links between terpens, haemoglobin and tetravalent oxygen, the device would improved cellular oxygenation. Our bibliographical work consisted in summarizing what is known about the device, the terpens oil, oxygen and finally the causes and consequences of hypoxia. Our research work consisted in highlighting that : The Bol d’Air Jacquier ® may increase cells oxygenation. Terpens oil are inhaled, hydroxylated and excreted in the urines. Oxygen provided by the device does not generate oxidative stress. On the contrary, whether by conventional antioxidant evaluations or innovative methods (KRL and RESEDA), we demonstrated the ability of the Bol Air® to induce an antioxidant effect, dose-dependent, which does not adversely the antioxidant protections existing. These qualities are found as well in vivo as ex vivo. The way of protection could be the stocking up and/or the protection of circulating antioxidant reserves, especially among elder bodies. In addition, we could highlight a specific action of the Bol d'Air on the metabolism related to glutathione reductase, and its positive action on glycated haemoglobin. Other experiments have enabled us to clarify the conditions of use of the device. Lastly, we finish this paper by examining the many possible axes of research to assess the impact of the device on organisms, ranging from the fight against the immortal cells to the supporting of the training of athletes
Bulot, Suzy. "Optimisation de la respiration du nitrate à travers l'organisation de ses acteurs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0091.
Full textRespiration is a fundamental process that must be optimized in response to metabolic demand and environmental changes. It has recently been demonstrated that dynamic subcellular localization of the respiratory complex nitrate reductase in E. coli is an efficient mean to control the electron flux during nitrate respiration, known to be crucial for gut colonization by enterobacteria when inflammation occurs.During my PhD, I focused on two key questions: (i) What are the molecular factors involved in the localization mechanism of nitrate reductase? (ii) How to account for the increase of the electron flux in the respiratory chain when the complex is localized at the cell poles? First, I designed a genetic screen aiming at identifying the underlying factor(s) involved in the spatial organization of nitrate reductase. Concomitantly, I implemented an immunoprecipitation approach to identify protein interacting with nitrate reductase when localized at the poles. Using this approach and fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrated the clustering of formate dehydrogenase FdnGHI and nitrate reductase at the poles under nitrate respiring condition. These data provide a mechanistic explanation on the importance of subcellular organization towards nitrate respiration efficiency. In this specific interactome of nitrate respiring condition, we also identified factors involved in NO homeostasis, a toxic compound resulting from the maximization of nitrate respiration. Hence, the clustering of actors involved in electron transfer and NO homeostasis seems to be the key to maintain the balance between maximizing electron flux and the resulting toxicity
Tiivel, Toomas. "Etude du contrôle de la respiration mitochondriale des cellules musculaires : rôle de la membrane externe." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10091.
Full textBenard, Giovanni. "Etude de l'expression de défauts d'activité de la chaîne respiratoire mitochondriale : analyse des mécanismes de compensation au niveau de la mitochondrie et de la cellule." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21365.
Full textThis work concerns the study of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and the repercussion of respiratory chain activity defects on (i) mitochondrial energy fluxes, (ii) mitochondrial network organization, and (iii) mitochondrial biogenesis. Firstly, we show that in response to a specific enzymatic defect, as occurs in mitochondrial diseases, the flux of oxidative phosphorylation is maintained constant by compensatory adjustments of the redox state of cytochrome c and coenzyme Q. In living cells, the inhibition of respiratory chain activity resulted in the remodelling of mitochondrial structure and we provided a descriptive model to analyze the underlying metabolic signals. Lastly, we observed the accumulation of mitochondria, in the muscle of patients carrying a severe defect. This phenomenon of mitochondrial biogenesis induction was dependent on intracellular nitric oxide production. Taken together, these results describe the sequential expression of a respiratory chain activity defect, and evidence a series of addtive mechanisms of compensation that could play a role in mitochondrial physiopathology
Vido, Karin. "Etude de la respiration chez Lactococcus lactis et implication des systèmes Redox dans la physiologie cellulaire." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112010.
Full textLactococcus lactis has been extensively studied for his fermentative capacities. We demonstrated that in presence of heme and oxygen, L. Lactis was able to undergo respiration. In this condition, growth and long term survival were improved and lactate production was lower than during fermentative growth. We used a proteomic approach to study differences between fermentative and respirative growth. Results showed that most of the proteins present in respirative growth are also present in fermentative growth. Only one protein was detected as specific for respiration, a transcriptional regulator involved in the expression of an operon encoding a putative lactate transporter, in agreement with lactate consumption specifically observed during respirative growth. This study suggest the existence of new unknown regulators involved in nitrogen metabolism and in lactate consumption. We also demonstrated that an essential enzyme of glycolysis, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was less oxidised in respiration than in fermentation conditions. We studied the thioredoxin reductase TrxB1 of L. Lactis by constructing a mutant in the corresponding gene. The mutant was viable even in the absence of dithiotreitol, suggesting that the thioredoxin system is not essential in L. Lactis. However, this mutant was very sensitive to oxygen in the absence of dithiotreitol. Physiology of this mutant under fermentative aerobic growth was analysed by proteomics. Results showed increased expression of anti-oxidant enzymes and changes in lipid metabolism, suggesting membrane damages. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was surprisingly also less oxidised in this mutant
Rakoczy, Ryan J. "Measuring the Effects of High-Fat Diet on Breathing and Oxygen-Sensitivity of the Carotid Body Type I Cell." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1505728876488752.
Full textMebarek, Lounis. "Développement d'une approche originale de mesure directe de la respiration de Pseudomonas nautica à l'échelle cellulaire par cytométrie en flux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22009/document.
Full textIn the Ocean, microbial respiration is considered as the major process representative of the organic matter biological oxidation. The corresponding metabolic CO2 production was estimated to be about 22 Pg C y–1. However, the in situ respiration rate is generally too low (by several orders of magnitude) to be accessible to the available direct measurement methods. Some fluorescent probes, such as DiOC6(3) (Molecular Probes, USA) have been shown to be very sensitive to changes in the proton electrochemical potential difference (?µH+), characterising mitochondrial and plasmic membranes bearing the cell respiratory system in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. In mitochondria, ?µH+ is linked to the flux of oxygen uptake by a linear relationship. To our knowledge, no such relationship has been established in the case of whole marine cells. In a previous works, G. Grégori addressed the dark respiration rate of the Chlorophyceae Dunaliella tertiolecta (Butcher) in axenic culture, both directly by using a highly sensitive oxygraph (Oroboros) and by staining cells with DiOC6(3). A linear relationship was established and standardized between the oxygen uptake by D. tertiolecta and its green fluorescence induced by DiOC6(3), enabling the measure by flow cytometry of the respiration rate of D. tertiolecta. The next step is to extend the method to heterotrophic prokaryotes which are responsible for most of the mineralization of the organic matter in the ocean. In the present work are presented results obtained on the eubacteria Pseudomonas nautica 617, a strain that has been isolated in our laboratory by P. Bonin in 1987
Walchshofer, Nadia. "Mise au point de nouveaux anthelminthiques à partir de données biochimiques : synthèse de thiazolyl et thiadiazolyl urées, de phényl thiourées et de phényl-3 propenones : essai de relations structure-activité." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1T045.
Full textCorneille, Sylvie. "Mise en évidence d'une activité NAD(P)H déshydrogénase dans les chloroplastes de plantes supérieures : rôle dans la réduction des plastoquinones." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20109.
Full textAlberge, Francois-Baptiste. "La localisation dynamique d'un complexe respiratoire module la respiration bactérienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4031.
Full textBy providing the energy for the cellular metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an essential process for most living organisms. In order to thrive, the efficiency of membrane respiratory chains which constitute the OXPHOS must be optimized. Thus it is important to address mechanisms by which the efficiency of the OXPHOS is regulated in response to varying metabolic needs.The question addressed during this PhD is the following: does it exist a specific organization of the OXPHOS components in prokaryotic membranes and does it contribute to the regulation of the OXPHOS process?I have investigated the spatio-temporal organization of a respiratory complex, the nitrate reductase NarGHI of the E. coli bacterium. After creating the tools needed to visualize submicrometrically this complex in the unique cell, I have shown the existence of a polar microcompartimentation during anaerobic respiration using fluorescence microscopy. I have demonstrated the dynamic subcellular organization of NarGHI in response to metabolic conditions. Anaerobiosis and a sufficient ∆pH are cues required to promote such cellular organization. Finally, I have demonstrated that polar microcompartimentation of the complex increases the electron flux and the efficiency of the associated respiratory chains.Overall, these results provide a novel view on OXPHOS in bacterial cells by demonstrating that spatio-temporal organization of a respiratory complex tunes the overall efficiency of the process in response to environmental cues
Mourier, Arnaud. "Etude des relations de compétition à l'entrée des électrons dans la chaîne respiratoire et de l'organisation supramoléculaire de la chaîne respiratoire chez S. Cerevisiae." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21569.
Full textThe yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae respiratory chains do not have a complex 1 but rather exhibit a number of external and internal deshydrogenases that transfer their electrons to the quinone pool. When isolated mitochondria are placed in the presence of multiple substrates, they will oxidize some of them preferentially. The goal of this work was to identify the molecular mechanisms that were responsible for these substrates oxidation competition processes. The first part of this manuscript deals with the characterisation of the bioenergetic properties of isolated mitochondria placed in the presence of multiple respiratory substrates. This study has shown an increase in membranal conductance that is due to the deshydrogenases activities. This process allows an increase in the respiratory capacities in response to an increase in the redox pressure. The study of the supramolecular organization of the respiratory chain by native gel electrophoresis allowed us to point out that there is no relationship between the respiratory chain supercomplexes and the competition processes. The assessment of the quinones and cytochromes redox states showed that there exists quinone pools that might be responsible for the competition processes. The last part of this manuscript deals with the activation of D-lactate deshydrogenases by compounds bearing a carboxyl groupment. This phenomenon might have an important role in the cellular detoxification process of methyl glyoxal
Trouillard, Martin. "L'organisation de la chaîne de transfert d'électrons respiratoire : développement d'une nouvelle méthode pour l'étude spectrophotométrique en temps réel des transferts d'électrons respiratoires dans des cellules entières." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066647.
Full textMozo, Julien. "Etude du transport des UCPs : utilisation du modèle cellulaire CHO et de la reconstitution en protéoliposomes." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066228.
Full textCherpec, Rita. "La bioénergétique systémique moléculaire des cellules musculaires : Mécanismes de régulation de la respiration mitochondriale in vivo – importance des propriétés au niveau du système." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00397648.
Full textPour cela, nous avons analysé la cinétique de la régulation de la respiration des cellules cardiaques perméabilisées en présence d'un système mimant les effets du système glycolytique in situ, et par microscopie confocal, l'organisation mitochondriale a été étudiée.
Les résultats montrent que les propriétés cinétiques de la MtCK in situ diffèrent significativement de celles des mitochondries isolées et que la régulation de la respiration in vivo est une propriété dépendant du niveau d'organisation du système, comprenant les interactions mitochondries-cytosquelette, les MgATPases cellulaires, le système d'enzymes glycolytiques du cytoplasme et les mécanismes de phosphotransfert via la navette PCr/CK, ceci afin de faire face aux restrictions hautement sélectives de la diffusion au niveau de la membrane externe mitochondriale in situ.
De plus, l'effet cardiotoxique de la doxorubicine sur les fibres cardiaques a été étudié, se traduisant par la perte du couplage fonctionnel de la MtCK avec l'oxydation phosphorylante.
Ce protocole a également été appliqué lors d'investigations cliniques sur des biopsies du muscle vaste latéral externe, chez les patients atteints de bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive. Le dysfonctionnement musculaire est caractérisé par une affinité élevée pour l'ADP libre de l'oxydation phosphorylante et par une affinité importante de la MtCK pour la créatine qui ne change pas après l'entrainement.
Dumas, Jean-François. "Métabolisme énergétique mitochondrial dans des situations de perte de poids." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0510.
Full textWeight loss is frequently observed in clinical practice. When weight loss is unwanted (undernutrition, hypercatabolism), whole body oxygen consumption is often increased, which is paradoxical in face of anorexia. Our results show that food restriction induces a decrease in liver mitochondrial respiration and respiratory chain activity, which is proportional to the intensity of the food restriction, and may be mediated by leptin concentrations. Conversely, an increase in liver basal proton leak and an impairment of in vivo oxidative phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle are observed in rats treated with dexamethasone, which is a model of acute undernutrition. These changes are likely to impact on resting metabolic rate, while adaptation to food restriction probably limits ROS production
Rocher, Christophe. "Anomalies de l'ADN mitochondrial et métabolisme mitochondrial : Mécanismes des déplétions et des délétions." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28910.
Full textOne of the fundamental problems of the study of mitochondrial metabolism integration in cellular metabolism is to understand how mitochondrial metabolism is controlled (regulated) ? The subject of this thesis concerns this topic and tries to answer the two following questions : 1- What are the repercussions of a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) amount variation at the level of the energy metabolism ? We used two models which are : (i) a lymphoblastoid cell line coming from a patient for whom a 99 % decrease of the muscle mtDNA amount was observed (depletion), but also (ii) a series of stable mtDNA depleted cell lines obtained by treatment of a control one with nucleotides analogues (AZT and ddC). The results clearly indicate that cellular mtDNA amount is one important parameter in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylations. Indeed, despite the high copy number of mtDNA, a small decrease in its content has severe implications on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Consequently, the quantity of mtDNA in the cell is a parameter to take into account for the study of mitochondrial pathologies as well as the nature or the heteroplasmlic level of a mtDNA mutation. 2- What are the molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of human mitochondrial DNA rearrangements, such as large-scale deletions ? Some mitochondrial pathologies areare due to such reorganizations of mtDNA and different mechanisms have been proposed to explain these rearrangements. The mechanism of slipped mispairing has been proposed but no molecular bases are described. The results we obtained show that the formation of a triple helix could be involved in the generation of mtDNA deletions as well as partial duplications or triplications
Isner-Horobeti, Marie-Eve. "Comparaison des effets de deux modalités d'entraînement (excentrique vs. Concentrique) sur le muscle squelettique chez le rat jeune et agé : Etude de la fonction mitochondriale." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6126.
Full textPhysical activity allows the development of aerobic performance by modifying both muscular morphology and metabolism. Among the training modalities, the exercise can be performed in either concentric or eccentric mode, and at various intensities. Compared to concentric training, eccentric training allows reaching at equal intensity a superior muscular strength at a lesser metabolic cost. It has been clearly established that mitochondria plays a role in the responses to exercise and is one of the main sources of production of free radicals, to which the ROS (reactive oxygen species) belong. However, only few studies have been devoted to the effects of eccentric training on mitochondrial respiration and ROS production. The first part of this work has shown that, in vitro, eccentric training, performed at the same mechanical power as concentric exercise, does not increase the muscular mitochondrial respiration, whatever the muscular phenotype, but increases ROS production. The muscular damage induced by eccentric training contributes to ROS enhancement, and yet a too high rate has deleterious effects on mitochondrial biogenesis. The second part of this work has shown that there is no difference for oxidative capacities in response to eccentric training in older subjects compared to younger subjects, suggesting that the adaptation mechanisms including the mitochondrial function were not altered. In the last part of this work, we have shown the interest and the relevance of the use of muscular microbiopsies, less invasive in Humans, and which allow obtaining muscular mitochondrial respiration values superimposable on those obtained with the usually used Bergström technique. These works have allowed clarifying the mitochondrial adaptations following eccentric training, as well as the role of muscular damage and oxidative stress in this contraction modality, in either younger or older subjects
Besnard, Stéphane Gaillard Afsaneh Gestreau Christian. "Etudes de la modulation respiratoire induite par les noyaux du Raphé médullaire chez le rat anesthésié et analyse électrophysiologique de cellules embryonnaires transplantées dans la substance noire dans un modèle murin de la maladie de Parkinson." Poitiers : I-Médias, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/index.php?id=1479.
Full textTextes en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 240 réf.
Besnard, Stéphane. "Etudes de la modulation respiratoire induite par les noyaux du Raphé médullaire chez le rat anesthésié et analyse électrophysiologique de cellules embryonnaires transplantées dans la substance noire dans un modèle murin de la maladie de Parkinson." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Besnard-Stephane/2008-Besnard-Stephane-These.pdf.
Full textBreathing requires a fine coordination of the motor command distributed to the various respiratory muscles, including upper airway (UAM) and pump muscles. The differential respiratory modulation of the UAM and the diaphragm (DIA) muscles is poorly understood although it is relevant for the understanding of both physiological and pathological conditions such as sleep-wake stages transitions and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). In this context, we investigated the respiratory effects induced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of various nuclei of the medullary raphe (MR) or by pharmacological manipulations of the serotonergic transmission in the anesthetized rat. Our results showed that a differential respiratory modulation of UAM/DIA occurred after HFS of Raphe Pallidus (RPa) and ventral Raphe Obscurus (vROb), as well as after injections of agonist and antagonist acting on 5HT1A receptors. Experiments based on c-Fos expression revealed several brainstem structures potentially involved in these respiratory effects. These findings support the hypothesis that MR and serotonergic system are key structure in differential respiratory modulation of UAM during sleep-wake states transitions. We explored embryonic cells originated from ventral mesencephal and transplanted within substantia nigra in a model of Parkinson disease by using extracellular electrophysiology. Two months after transplantation, transplanted cells showed electrophysiological characteristics of dopaminergic-like neurons and orthodromic and antidromic stimulations also suggested functional recovery of nigro-striatal loop
Fréchin, Mathieu. "Identification et rôles des partenaires de la voie de transamidation de la mitochondrie de Saccharomyces cerevisiae dans l'adaptation à la respiration." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6101.
Full textThe formation of cytoplasmic (c) glutaminyl (Q)-tRNAQ allowing insertion of Q into proteins during ribosome-mediated translation proceeds via direct tRNA aminoacylation by a specific Q-tRNA synthetase (QRS). However, the synthesis of mitochondrial (m) Q-tRNAQ required for the specific organellar translation system is still matter of debate. In fact, no mQRS can be found in any eukaryotic genomes sequenced so far. Thus, it is almost impossible to predict which pathway, direct or indirect, generates this organellar aminoacyl (aa)-tRNA species in a given eukaryote. Eukaryotes have, a priori, two possibilities to generate a Q-mtRNAQ: either they use the direct pathway via the import the cQRS or they use an indirect tRNA-dependent transamidation pathway which implies the presence of a non discriminating (nd) ERS and of a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT) in the organelle. We have shown that Pet112 is a part of a yeast mitochondrial amidotransferase, but also that the necessary ndERS is the cytoplasmic form of ERS (nd-cERS) which is able to be localized both in the cytoplasm and the mitochondrion. The dual localization of the nd-cERS is controlled by Arc1p, the cytoplasmic partner of the nd-cERS. This project represents an important breakthrough in the fields of aminoacylation and mitochondrial import. We describe a new strategy: the use of a cytosolic anchoring platform, for the dual localization of a single translational product, suggesting that any protein in a complex, even if well characterized in a specific subcellular compartment, might be able to reach other compartments upon release from the complex. We then show that ARC1 transcription is controlled by the Snf1/4 pathway that decreases Arc1p upon adaptation to respiration. However, its two partners, cERS and cMRS, stay stably expressed leading to an increase of the free cMRS and cERS pools. These released forms are then imported in the nucleus and the mitochondria respectively, in order to synchronize expression of respiratory chain (RC) partners. RC partners are encoded in a split manner in the nucleus and the mitochondrion, cMRS promotes transcription of a subset of the RC genes encoded by the nucleus, whereas cERS increase the translation rate of mitochondrial-encoded partners of the RC. By proving that Arc1p is an essential relay for the Snf1/4 pathway we propose for the first time a mechanism explaining how synchronization of the RC gene expression is achieved. This represents the most important conceptual change we made, in which we show the advantages of the dynamic control of a protein complex as a strategy to synchronize gene expression of genomes located in different compartments
Sabbagh, Seyed Kazem. "Adaptation à la pénétration racinaire de deux Ustilaginaceae parasites du mais : ustilago maydis et Sporisorium reilianum : analyse microscopique et transcriptomique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/169/.
Full textUstilaginaceae are a family of basidiomycetes fungi causing smut disease on Poaceae. The ability of Ustilago maydis and Sporisorium reilianum, a maize root infecting species, to penetrate maize roots was compared. Root infection was investigated by using different microscopic techniques and PCR detection. We observed that U. Maydis have similar behavior than S. Reilianum on maize root, but also on non host plant. Maize root infection by U. Maydis didn't lead to symptom apparition in our experimental conditions. We correlated the root infecting ability of three Ustilaginaceae species (Moesziomyces penicillariae, U. Maydis, S. Reilianum) to their propensity to generate solopathogenic infectious strains. The strict aerial species M. Penicillariae generates far more solopathogenic cells than the telluric species. It could then be proposed that solopathogeny is an adaptative mechanism to aerial dispersal on long distance. We showed that U. Maydis and S. Reilianum could perceive root exuded molecules, strigolactones. The addition of GR24, a synthetic analog of strigolactone, induced on these species a previous induction of genes involved in cell respiration and an increase of the cell respiration. These results give a new insight on the role of the strigolactones in the rhizosphere
Hay, Anne-Emmanuelle. "Métabolites secondaires isolés de deux plantes néo-calédoniennes, Calophyllum Caledonicum Vieill. Et Garcinia Vieillardii P. : étude chimique et valorisation biologique." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0503.
Full textA phytochemical study of two neocaledonian Clusiaceae : Calophyllum caledonicum and Garcinia vieillardii led to the isolation and the structural identification of 40 secondary metabolites. This compounds mainly belong to the xanthones or the chromanes acids series. Among them, a majority of xanthones and some acids derived from chromanone were identified. Eight of those natural compounds present an original structure. The biological activities of either the crude extracts or the pure compounds have been evaluated - antifungal, antiproteasic, anti-HIV, antimalarial, antileishmanial and/or antioxidant - and showed significant results. Indeed, Pancixanthone B and 1,6-dihydroxyxanthone isolated from the stem bark of G. Vieillardii showed a leishmanicidal activity towards the growth of promastigotes as well as amastigotes, while some acids isolated from C. Caledonicum exhibit an inhibitory and decoupling activity of the respiratory chain of mitochondria isolated from pea seeds
Mouret, Jean-Roch. "Modulation de la transition respiro-fermentaire chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae par l'oléate : analyse cinétique et métabolique en culture continue sur substrats mixtes." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAT0008.
Full textThis work aims to study the respiro-fermentative transition in Saccharomcyces cerevisiae and to determine the controlling step(s) involved in this process, by using an original approach of microbiological engineering based on co-substrate chemostat cultivations. Based on the literature analysis, we focused our work on investigating the importance of the carbon transport from cytosol to michondria in the onset of the metabolic shift. To determine whether this transport exerts a control on the metabolic change, a strategy was implemented consisting in introducing, during oxidative glucose limited chemostat, a specific metabolic perturbation ( addition of co-substrate, genetic modification) and in analysing the consequences of such a perturbation on the studied metabolic event. The oleic acid was one of the co-substrates tested in this work; this fatty acid is indeed know to simulte enzymes implied in the carbon transport between the different cell compartments. The metabolic transition was then studied in sole glucose chemostat and in glucose/oleic acid chemostat. In the presence of oleic acid, a delay in the onset of the metabolic shift and a redirection of the carbon flux from the reductive pathway were observed. This important result shows a modulation in the respiro -fermentative transition in presence of oleic acid and constitutes one of the few success reported in the literature of reduction in the Crabtree effect. The action of the oleic acid was further investigated and discussed throughout this work
Nepote, Virginie. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la détermination catécholaminergique des cellules souches du sytème nerveux périphérique et central." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077224.
Full textAubert, Serge. "Effets multiples du glycérol sur le métabolisme de la cellule végétale non chlorophyllienne." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10217.
Full textStoian, Alina. "Modélisation et simulation de l'atmosphère d'une enceinte membranaire pour des tests de toxicité." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20026.
Full textA major problem during in vitro evaluation of the toxicity of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is the lack of knowledge of the evolution of the concentration of such compounds during the course of experimental studies with living systems. This work presents the design of a novel experimental device for the study of cell culture exposure to VOCs. The device is made of two compartments separated by a porous hydrophobic membrane and allows relatively long durations of handling without restricting cellular breathing. A theoretical modeling which couples mass and moment conservation between the different phases inside the device with the breathing kinetics of hybridoma cells (ATCC CRL-1606) was developed. The model allows predicting the evolution of the concentration of the VOCs, the oxygen and the carbon dioxide inside the device. The simulations of the mass transfer of the VOCs simulated presented a good agreement with experiments and showed that the type of membrane and its diameter, the VOCs partition coefficient and the height of the liquid phase have a significant influence on the evolution of their concentration in the liquid phase. Nevertheless, the availability of oxygen for the cells depends mainly on the initial cellular density, the specific kinetics of consumption of this gas and on the height of the liquid phase, whereas the parameters related to membrane have an influence on the control of the pH
Gross, Julien. "Caractérisation de surfaces biofonctionnalisées pour l’étude de protéines de la chaîne respiratoire par spectroscopie infrarouge couplée à l’électrochimie." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6140.
Full textThis work is about the functionalization of surfaces for the study of membranes proteins from the respiratory chain with the help of the differential spectroscopy. In the first time, the study of the cytochrome c oxidase named ba3 from Thermus thermophilus was done. It is described, that when the pH increases, homotropic electrostatic interactions disrupt the midpoint potentials of the protein. This study has highlighted the crucial role of the heme propionates in the mechanism of the protein. Then, the protein-protein interaction between two soluble hemoproteins from the respiratory chain of the same organism was studied. A complete characterization of the two isolated proteins is carried out and the formed complex is analysed. This study shows the importance of the heme propionates, which play a crucial role in this interaction and allowed us to characterize the interaction in the molecular level. Finally, a more practical application of the surface functionalization was conducted with the study of a cathode of a biopile. This project allowed us to develop a new technique for the immobilization of proteins, using 3D gold nanoparticles. We have access, through the cyclic voltammetry, to the midpoint potentials of the proteins and we can study the electron transfer. This method was first developed on the laccase from Bacillus subtilis, and then applied to the proteins already studied. The midpoint potentials obtained from the immobilized system and those obtained in solution are compared
Diaz, Ruiz Rodrigo Antonio. "Participation du fructose 1,6-biphosphate dans l'induction de l'effet Crabtree chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21720/document.
Full textWhen the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae grows aerobically, its respiration is immediately repressed when adding glucose to the culture media. This phenomenon has been termed ”the Crabtree effect”. It has been reported that the respiratory flux inhibition is concomitant with the cytoplasmic accumulation of the glycolysis-derived hexoses phosphates. In this work, S. cerevisiae was used to investigate the short-term regulatory events associated to the Crabtree effect and the role of the hexoses phosphates during the respiratory inhibition. Using yeast isolated mitochondria it was found that glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate stimulate the respiratory flux. This was counteracted by physiological concentrations of fructose 1,6-biphosphate, which also inhibits respiration in the absence of the other two hexoses phosphate. This occurs in situ, as the effect mediated by the fructose biphosphate was also observed in yeast permeabilized spheroplasts. The respiratory flux repression mediated by fructose 1,6-biphosphate is due to an inhibition of the activity of respiratory complexes III and IV. The results suggest that fructose 1,6-biphosphate could be one of the Crabtree effect inducers in yeast. In mammals, this hexose phosphate might regulate as well tumour cell metabolism, where the Crabtree effect has also been observed
Fitton, Valérie Catherine. "Etudes comparées du métabolisme énergétique des mitochondries isolées et des cellules perméabilisées de la levure S. Cerevisiae." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28438.
Full textCenier, Tristan. "Interactions entre rythmes rapides et rythmes lents dans la représentation de l’information olfactive dans le réseau bulbaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10093/document.
Full textA striking feature of the olfactory sensory system is its ability to deal with a complex multi-dimensional chemical stimuli. Receptor cells in the nasal cavity are sensitive to specific features of molecules and transmit this information to the olfactory bulb, first relay for olfaction in the central nervous system. Due to the organization of projection pathways to the bulb, afferent information activates the structure in a topographical fashion ; although this may constitute a coding strategy for olfactory information it has proven insufficient, and other strategies must be investigated. Dynamic phenomenons are a preponderant feature of the olfactory bulb. The respiratory rhythm imposes a sinusoidal level of activation to the system, oscillations in local field potentials and subthreshold oscillations in neurons membrane potentials may interact and lead to the transient synchronization of sub-populations of neurons. This particular mechanism, designated as neural assemblies, is in theory a good candidate for the representation of olfactory information. The work presented here is based on conjoint recordings, in anesthetized animals, of unitary activities, oscillations in the LFP and respiration, in response to olfactory stimulation. We show the relationships existing between the various dynamic phenomenons, and hypothesize on their functional roles. We propose that a same mechanism may form different neural assemblies each assuming a specific functional role. The respiratory rhythm acts as a gating system, organizing the formation of successive yet different neural assemblies
Fontaine, Eric. "Contrôle de l'oxydation phosphorylante : modifications du couplage et rôle de la membrane mitochondriale externe." Grenoble 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10137.
Full textPascal, Nadine. "Quelques observations sur les effets d'une carence de fer sur la cellule végétale non chlorophyllienne." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10165.
Full textNovel-Chaté, Valérie. "Le métabolisme énergétique myocardique en hypoxie chronique : étude chez le rat." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10267.
Full textGothie, Jean-David. "Influence de la signalisation thyroïdienne et du métabolisme mitochondrial sur le choix de destin des cellules souches neurales de la zone sous-ventriculaire chez la souris adulte." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0023.
Full textThe adult mammalian brain maintains its capacity to generate new cells from neural stem cells (NSCs), mainly localized in two specific brain regions, the hippocampus and the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ). This process, named neurogenesis, results in the production of new neurons and new glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). Several signals control NSCs proliferation and differentiation. Among those, thyroid hormones (THs) are involved in NSCs proliferation in the SVZ and in neuronal differentiation. NSC metabolism relies mainly on glycolysis associated with a low mitochondrial activity, whereas mature cells, like neurons and glia, preferentially use oxidative phosphorylation. Changes in NSC metabolism can impact cell fate. As THs play an important part in activating mitochondrial metabolism, I hypothesized that the influence of TH signaling on mitochondrial activity triggers NSC fate choice in the adult SVZ. First, I showed in vivo and in vitro that THs allow NSC determination in neuronal precursors, whereas a short hypothyroidism favors glial determination. Transthyretine, a TH binding protein, is specifically present in the SVZ cells having a neuronal fate, while type 3 deiodinase, a TH inhibitor, is expressed by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). These results indicate that THs signaling isdifferentially activated in neuronal and glial cell lineages. I observed that cells adopting a neuronal fate display a greater mitochondrial activity when compared to OPCs, and that TH signaling favors mitochondrial respiration and ROS production in the SVZ cells. Inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain prevents TH-mediated promotion of neuronal determination, proving the need of mitochondrial activation for NSC commitment toward a neuronal phenotype. Besides, it is also known that modifications of mitochondrial morphology (or mitochondrial dynamics) are required for the respiration to increase. Among mitochondrial dynamics, fission is crucial for a good intracellular repartition of energy production, and for cell migration. In the SVZ cells, I showed that, DRP1, the main inducer of mitochondrial fission, is activated by THs mainly in cells adopting a neuronal fate. Thus, THs favor NSC fate choice toward a neuronal phenotype through the activation of mitochondrial metabolism and mitochondrial fission in the adult mouse SVZ
Liu, Wei. "Détection et évaluation de la cyto-génotoxicité des métaux par l'étude du métabolisme bioénergétique cellulaire et des lésions primaires de l'ADN : exemple du chrome." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20687.
Full text