Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellule biologique'
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Ducousso, Mathieu. "Acoustique picoseconde dans une cellule biologique individuelle." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537030.
Full textMatsui, Hisashi. "L’individualité biologique comme problème : du polype à Bergson." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100192/document.
Full textFrom a commonsense perspective, the multicellular organisms such as men and horses are thought of as typical examples of biological individuals. But contemporary philosophers of biology present a number of definitions of biological individuality which stimulate an intense debate over deciding the level of organization to which the biological individuality corresponds. This research proposes a historical analysis, which doesn’t aim to solve the conceptual issues, but to understand the diversity of biological thinking about individuality. From the regeneration of the polyp discovered by Abraham Trembley in the middle of the 18th century to the philosophical renovation achieved by Henri Bergson at the beginning of the 20th century, the biological thinking called into question the basis on which the notion of biological individuality was built. The invention and the reinterpretation of the concepts such as the organism, the cell, the division of labor, the milieu, the natural selection and the life, allowed to ask if the biological individuality can be defined as indivisibility, secondly if it can be identified with the organism, and finally if one can determine the level of organization to which the biological individuality corresponds. The diversity of concepts of biological individuality doesn’t mean that this term is dispensable for the biological research. It allows to present the biological and philosophical problems in more precise terms, so that the biologists and philosophers can cooperate to tackle them
GAUDRON, SANDRINE. "Synthese et activite biologique d'analogues du tetrapeptide acsdkp, inhibiteur de la proliferation de la cellule souche hematopoietique." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112393.
Full textResplandy, François. "Etude des auto-anticorps anti-cellule endothéliale et exploration biologique de l'endothelium dans le lupus érythémateux disséminé." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P022.
Full textCrozatier, Cécile. "Contrôle et analyse électrochimique de la réactivité biologique à l'échelle de la cellule unique dans un dispositif microfluidique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178656.
Full textGrâce au développement d'outils modulables de culture cellulaire et de manipulation de cellules vivantes dans des dispositifs microfluidiques, nous avons mis en place le contrôle dynamique stable de stimulations chimiques sur une population de cellules souches mésenchymateuses (CSM) en culture et poursuivons cette étude dans le but d'induire la réactivité cellulaire des CSM vers la voie de différenciation neuronale.
Le développement d'un microsystème intégré de détection électrochimique du stress oxydant sur cellules uniques est mis en oeuvre à travers la réalisation d'un dispositif microfluidique intégré consistant en un réseau de chambres de mesures, contenant des microélectrodes fonctionnelles, et permettant d'isoler des macrophages uniques et de les maintenir en survie pendant plusieurs dizaines de minutes, durée suffisante pour réaliser nos mesures électrochimiques. En faisant varier les conditions de mesure, comme le nombre de cellules sondées dans le même micro-environnement, la nature du stimulus ou la présence ou non de communication cellulaire avec une population voisine, nous posons les bases d'une analyse originale jamais réalisée jusqu'à présent.
Tiberghien, Pierre. "Reactivite allogenique apres greffe de moelle osseuse : role des modificateurs de la reponse biologique." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA3703.
Full textPham, Thi Ngoc Diep. "Hépatotoxicité du cadmium : étude fondamentale du transport membranaire, de la distribution subcellulaire, et de l'apoptose dans des cultures primaires d'hépatocytes de rats /." Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24576816.
Full textCoraux, Christelle. "Role des integrines et de la laminine dans la migration des cellules epitheliales au cours de la morphogenese pulmonaire humaine (doctorat : genie biologique)." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMM203.
Full textMartinella, Catusse Corinne. "Implication de la chaine alpha 3 du collagene de type iv sur les proprietes infiltrantes des cellules tumorales bronchiques (doctorat : genie biologique)." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMM209.
Full textGomez-Marin, Jorge Enrique. "Immunomodulation par l'ifn gamma de l'infection par toxoplasma gondii d'une lignee monocytaire humaine (thp1) : implication des phospholipases a2 parasitaires et cellulaires (doctorat : genie biologique et medical)." Reims, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REIMM202.
Full textCurtil, Alain. "Contribution au développement d'un nouveau type de substitut valvulaire biologique : recolonisation de matrices porcines lyophilisées par des cellules humaines autologues." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T309.
Full textRmaidi, Assia. "Vecteurs synthétiques et approche mécano-biologique permettant d’optimiser l’utilisation des cellules souches en médecine régénérative." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0014.
Full textAn approach to regenerative nervous system medicine is to develop biological substitutes with restorative function using stem cells and biomaterials that can be coated with extracellular matrix molecules. We have developed pharmacologically active microcarriers, PAMs. These are PLGA based, biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric microspheres (MS) coated with adhesion molecules that provide 3-dimensional support for cells. The microcarriers thus associated with the stem cells make it possible, after implantation, to increase the survival and maintain the state of differentiation of the cells they carry, reinforcing their tissue repair effects. These PAMs can also release encapsulated growth factors and to enhance the release of encapsulated proteins a new polymer combination: PLGA-Poloxamer188 (P188) -PLGA has been developed in our laboratory. It has also been shown that PLGA-P188-PLGA PAMs functionalized with fibronectin and poly-Dlysineinduce better proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells than PLGA PAMs. These cells are very widely used in regenerative medicine because they are easy to collect, found in the bone marrow, and able to differentiate towards the chondrogenic lineage, osteogenic and under certain conditions,neuronal. We are working with a subpopulation of these cells called MIAMI cells (marrow isolated adult multilineage inducible) that engage in neuronal cell differentiation after treatment with 2growth factors (EGF / bFGF) and on a laminin matrix support. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the physicochemical properties of polymeric supports also regulate the behavior of stem cells (adhesion, survival and differentiation). The objective of this study is to study the effect of physicochemical and mechanical properties of surfaces i) MS on laminin and poly-D-lysineadsorption and ii) PAMs on adhesion and neuronal differentiation of MIAMI cells. We have shown that the presence of the hydrophilic "poloxamer 188" block in the PLGA-P188-PLGA polymer composition decreases the adsorption of adhesion molecules by forming a layer on these surfaces.On PLGA PAMs, the adhesion molecules adsorb well regardless of the overall charge of the molecules. These two PAMs have a positive overall charge and allow the attachment of cells to their surface. However, in short-term cell adhesion is stronger on PLGA PAMs compared to PLGA-P188-PLGA PAMs, but in the long-term the cells eventually adhere to both supports. PLGA-P188-PLGAhas a high free surface energy and these PAMs have a less rigid surface than PLGA PAMs. Our results suggest that these surface characteristics allow cells to adhere despite the low amount of laminin on these supports. In the long-term the cells exhibit the same behavior whatever the type of PAMs. They differentiate into neuronal cells expressing mature neuron markers such as the neurofilament-M and we find the same number of cells adhered to their surface. Furthermore, we have shown that cells are able to secrete extracellular matrix molecules in the same way on both types of PAMs, probably explaining the similarity of the behavior in long-term
Gomord, Véronique. "Contrôle de l'adressage de la sporamine dans la cellule végétale." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES054.
Full textBoulaflous, Aurélia. "Transport et rétention d’une protéine membranaire de type II dans le réticulum endoplasmique d’une cellule végétale." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES019.
Full textIn all eukaryotic cells, the secreted proteins undergo many co- and post-translational modifications along the secretory pathway. These modifications, among whom Nglycosylation, are required for biological activity of proteins. The maturation of the N-glycans is initiated by the Arabidopsis thaliana -glucosidase I (AtGCSI). During this thesis, after AtGCSI identification and biochemical characterisation, we studied its localisation in plantcell. AtGCSI is a type II membrane glycoprotein that cleaves the distal 1,2-glucose of the asparagines linked GlcNAc2-Man9-Glc3 precursor and it is exclusively located to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In parallel, localization studies of other N-glycan processing enzymes showed that all type II membrane proteins are located in the secretory pathway according to the order of their expected function. Then, in this study we demonstrated moreprecisely that two signals confer an ER localization of AtGCSI: the di-Arg signals, located to the cytosolic tail and the 60 amino acids of luminal domain. These signals are necessary and sufficient to retain truncated membrane proteins in the ER. At the same time, microdomains distinct but close to the ER and the Golgi are observed. Regarding these results, a theoretical model to explain ER residency of AtGCSI in plant cell was proposed
Tabary, Olivier. "Regulation de l'expression des cytokines pro-inflammatoires dans les cellules epitheliales bronchiques humaines normales et mucoviscidosiques : modulation de la signalisation par l'environnement ionique (doctorat : genie biologique)." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMM203.
Full textSauvant, Patrick. "Etude des mecanismes cellulaires et moleculaires de la regulation de la mobilisation des reserves hepatiques de vitamine a (doctorat : nutrition)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF1PP02.
Full textJacquey, Frédéric. "Développement d'une technique de microspectrophotométrie rapide destinée à l'étude des signaux ioniques cytoplasmiques sur cellule unique." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10092.
Full textTEYSSIER, FRANCK. "Effet synergique des radiations ionisantes et de l'hyperthermie moderee sur les cellules tumorales humaines : implication de la proteine p53 et de la regulation des proteines du choc thermique hsp70 (doctorat : genie biologique et medical)." Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STET001T.
Full textAbdallah, Rawa. "Développement d’un procédé intégré pour la dégradation des nitrates : couplage d’un procédé électrochimique et d’un procédé biologique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S146/document.
Full textThis work deals with the quantitative and environmentally friendly destruction of concentrated nitrates solutions using two different processes. In both cases, the nitrates solution was firstly reduced electrochemically into ammonium on a porous copper electrode. Whatever the initial pH of the electrolytic solution, a high ammonium selectivity was obtained. In the first process, the ammonium was subsequently oxidized to nitrogen gas by hypochlorite ions generated electrochemically. An excellent selectivity of 91.5% with high current efficiency and high chemical yield toward the nitrogen formation was recorded, with a low power consumption. The second method is an electrochemical / biological coupling process where the obtained ammonium solution will be used as a nitrogen source to produce biohydrogen (H2) via heat-treated sludge cultures. A complete assimilation of the ammonium solution resulting from the electroreduction of nitrate was obtained. A maximum hydrogen yield of 0.35 mol H2/mole glucose was achieved using activated sludge collected from an aeration tank versus 1.1 mole H2/mole glucose produced in the case of sludge taken from an anaerobic digester
Pagny, Sophie. "Caractérisation des mécanismes de rétention et de dégradation des protéines dans le reticulum endoplasmique de la cellule végétale." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES090.
Full textRima, Wael. "Apport de la microscopie electronique dans la compréhension des mécanismes d'interactions entre nanoparticules et cellules biologiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876351.
Full textChen, Wenli. "Spectroscopie diélectrique hyperfréquence de cellules uniques cancéreuses : de l'optimisation du capteur en sensibilité et répétabilité jusqu'au suivi en temps réel de stimuli chimiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30219/document.
Full textThe measurement of biological cells is a routine step in many biological investigations. Current techniques used by biologists are mainly based on staining or fluorescent labelings, which provide very precise and effective molecular and cellular observations. Within this context, the microwave dielectric spectroscopy for cell analysis represents a new and attractive method, due to the lack of cells preparation and manipulation, without adding chemicals that could interfere with other cellular constituents. Its compatibility with the analysis of single-cells, potentially in real-time monitoring, constitute also two major assets of the analysis technique. This PhD thesis therefore focused on the optimization of a microfluidic and microwave based biosensor, which is dedicated to the dielectric spectroscopy of individual biological cells, and the development of its metrology to assess the dielectric behavior of cells subjected to chemical stimuli. After a state of the art on the current techniques available to analyze single cells, we focused on the optimization of the microwave biosensor to improve its performances in terms of sensitivity and repeatability. These optimizations dealt with the microfabrication process, the component architecture through the investigation of single cell loading efficacy as well as an electromagnetic parametric study. These developments were validated first experimentally with the measurement of polystyrene beads, which present a simplified dielectric model compared to the complexity of a biological cell, followed then by living individual cells in their culture medium. The test bench was also optimized to allow the dielectric measurement of cells over time, and especially in response to a chemical stimulus. The reaction kinetics of a single-cell subjected to saponin was recorded automatically for different cells. This work opens the door to single-cell analysis with microwave dielectric spectroscopy of complex biological processes in real-time
Louvet, Benjamin. "Automates cellulaires pour la modélisation multi-échelle des systèmes biologiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22479/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis project is part of a research program in the fields of biology, physics and computer science aiming to propose a simulation approach for performing experiments in silico. For this, we propose to develop a software platform dedicated to multi-scale modeling of biological systems that can be combined with particle physics simulation tools. We also propose a general individual-based model of biological cell in which data obtained from in vitro experiments can be used. We present the development of this platform and the validation process of its functionalities through the implementation of cellular automata from the literature. We then present the design of the biological cell model by giving the hypothesis we made, how we model and how we parameterize the model. Starting from a simple biological system, bacteria, observed in liquid culture, our model uses a multi-scale middle-out approach. We focus on the cell and we model internal processes, assuming that all their properties come from genetic information carried out by the cell’s genome. This model allows to consider the cell behavior, and then to obtain the behavior of a cell population. Data from fluxomic experiments have been used in this model to parameterize the biochemical processes. The results we obtain allow us to consider the model as validated as simulation results match the experimental data
Escary, Jean-Louis. "Étude fonctionnelle des gènes codant pour la cytokine LIF et pour son récepteur chez la souris." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066566.
Full textDenmat-Ouisse, Lise-Anne. "Rôle de la N-glycosylation et du repliement lors du transport des protéines solubles dans la cellule végétale." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES044.
Full textGesquière, Laurence. "Influence des radicaux libres sur le métabolisme des lipoprotéines en relation avec l'homéostasie du cholestérol de cellules en culture." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOMU01.
Full textRicher-Potier, Carole. "Identification de signaux impliqués dans la rétention d'une protéine membranaire de type I : la calnexine, dans le réticulum endoplasmique (RE) de la cellule végétale." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES054.
Full textMouillet-Richard, Sophie. "Etude de la proteine prion dans un modele de differenciation neuronale." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPXX0006.
Full textSayah, Sakina. "Implication du complément dans les mécanismes inflammatoires du système nerveux central : expression des récepteurs des anaphylatoxines C3a (C3aR) et C5a (C5aR) par les astrocytes." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES081.
Full textRima, Wael. "Apport de la microscopie electronique dans la compréhension des mécanismes d’interactions entre nanoparticules et cellules biologiques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0131/document.
Full textOver the last few decades, nanoparticles have been studied in theranostic field with the objective of exhibiting a long circulation time through the body coupled to major accumulation in tumor tissues, rapid elimination, therapeutic potential and contrast properties. In this context, we developed sub-5 nm gadolinium-based nanoparticles that possess in vitro efficient radiosensitizing effects at moderate concentration when incubated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells (SQ20B). Two main cellular internalization mechanisms were evidenced and quantified: passive diffusion and macro- pinocytosis. Whereas the amount of particles internalized by passive diffusion is not sufficient to induce in vitro a significant radiosensitizing effect, the cellular uptake by macropinocytosis leads to a successful radiotherapy in a limited range of particles incubation concentration. Macropinocytosis processes in two steps: formation of agglomerates at vicinity of the cell followed by their collect via the lamellipodia (i.e. the “arms”) of the cell. The first step is strongly dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of the particles, especially their zeta potential that determines the size of the agglomerates and their distance from the cell. These results should permit to control the quantity of particles internalized in the cell cytoplasm, promising ambitious opportunities towards a particle-assisted radiotherapy using lower radiation doses
Hietter, Hélène. "Activites biologiques des hydroxysterols : cytotoxicite selective et immunomodulation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13323.
Full textMoreau, Géraldine. "Contribution à l'étude du rôle de Fas au cours de l'hématopoïèse." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA055016.
Full textDebuyser, Anne. "Etude du controle noradrenergique de la cellule beta du pancreas de souris par des techniques electrophysiologique, radioimmunologique et radioisotopiques." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2324.
Full textBarriot, Roland. "Intégration des connaissances biologiques à l'échelle de la cellule." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13100.
Full textARVELO, FRANCISCO. "Approche biologique du cancer bronchique a petites cellules (cbpc)." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066381.
Full textDelanoë-Ayari, Hélène. "Nucléation et croissance de contacts entre cellules biologiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006847.
Full textBois, Fabienne. "Mise en évidence, purification et caractérisation physico-chimique d'un facteur sérique hyperglycémiant induit par la température." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10218.
Full textKanani, Sandra. "l'utilisation des cellules souches pour créer une pacemaker cardiaque biologique." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175655.
Full textLes oscillations ne deviennent possibles que pour les myocytes qui ont un seuil d'excitation des oscillations induites bien plus bas que la normale. Seules les méthodes qui diminuent le niveau d'expression de courant IK1 donnent des résultats.
Il existe une autre approche, qui consiste à ne pas connecter directement les cellules souches à des myocytes, mais à d'autres types de cellules cardiaques avec un seuil d'excitation très bas. De cette façon, des oscillations sont induites sans avoir à modifier le courant IK1 . Ces cellules transitoires pourront être des cellules AV node, de Purkinje ou des cellules voisinant SA node.
Pour amener un tissus cardiac à oscillation, les pacemakers artificiels de petite taille exigent des courants d'une magnitude bien plus élevée que dans les expériences menées avec des paires de cellules ou des cultures. Pour éviter ce problème, la taille des pacemakers artificiels doit être plus grande que la constante électrotonique ?
Pour le courantpacemaker, la plupart des expérimentateurs ont l'habitude de ne mesurer que l'inactivation. Cette seule mesure ne suffit pas pour étudier les oscillations. Les définitions incluant à la fois inactivation et activation du courant pacemaker doivent prévaloir contrairement à la tradition dans le domaine.
Chabre, Olivier. "Activation des protéines G hétérotrimétriques par couplage à un récepteur ou par mutation ponctuelle : rôle dans la transduction du signal mitogénique dans les cellules endocrines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10104.
Full textRautou, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Effets biologiques des microparticules humaines sur les cellules endothéliales." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077065.
Full textMicroparticles are 0. 1 to μ m membrane vesicles released following cell activation or apoptosis. Microparticles circulate in the blood of healthy subjects and their levels are increased in high atherothrombotic risk patients. Human atherosclerotic plaques also contain large amounts of microparticles. The objective of this thesis was on the one hand to assess the effects of microparticles present in vivo in two chrome diseases, atherosclerosis and cirrhosis, and on the other hand to study microparticle clearance to better understand the increase in microparticle levels observed in numerous diseases. First, we have shown that human atherosclerotic plaque microparticles contribute to atherosclerosis development and progression. Plaque microparticles harbor ICAM-1, transfer this adhesion molecule to endothelial cells in a phosphatidylserine-dependent manner, and favor inflammatory cells recruitment. Plaque microparticles also induce formation of neovessels, which play a crucial role in plaque vulnerability. Indeed, these microparticles stimulate endothelial cell proliferation after CD40 ligation, and promote in vivo angiogenesis. Second, we have shown that microparticles circulating in the blood of patients with advanced cirrhosis impair response to vasoconstrictive agents and could contribute to portal hypertension. Finally, we have developed two strategies of magnetic labeling of microparticles allowing their non-invasive monitoring by magnetic resonance imaging. We have thus shown that endothelial cell derived microparticles are cleared within few minutes mainly in the spleen. In conclusion, this thesis work shows that microparticles are vectors of biological information
Hjeij, Fatima. "Caractérisation diélectrique de cellules biologiques par diélectrophorèse haute fréquence." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0039/document.
Full textThe work presented in this dissertation concerns the development of an original label-free electrical characterization method dedicated to biological cells based on Ultra High Frequency dielectrophoresis (DEP-UHF). Under the action of a non-uniform alternative electric field, the biological cells are subjected to displacement forces related to their own dielectric properties. In particular, at high frequencies, the electric field penetrates inside the cell and thus interacts with its intracellular content. Therefore, it is possible to access to a «dielectrophoretic signature» of the cell that it is representative of its internal biological properties but also of physiological mechanisms such as apoptosis or differentiation. This dissertation presents the development of an innovative microsystem, implemented in the passive layer stack of a BiCMOS chip and associated with microfluidic, dedicated to biological characterization, at the cellular level. The developed microsystem allows an accurate analysis of a single cell DEP-UHF behaviour. An experimental bench, dedicated to cell characterization, and able to generate high frequency signals from 10 MHz to 1 GHz up to 18 Vpp magnitude, has been also developed accordingly. Actually, the led exploratory work achieved was focused on evaluating the discrimination potential of this method between different human cancer cells at different tumor stages with the objective to envision new kind of diagnostic tools. Finally, the existence of significant differences between the signatures of different cell types leads to very interesting perspectives, particularly for the development of new cell sorting tools based especially on the intracellular dielectric properties
Houssin, Timothée. "BioMEMS pour l'analyse de cellules biologiques par spectroscopie d'impédance." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10066/document.
Full textThe thesis presented here deals with the integrated analysis of biological cells by low frequency impedance spectroscopy in microfluidic systems. Impedancemetrey represents an interesting alternative to optical labels because they seem to be less invasive. The purpose of this work is to develop an impedimetric bioMEMS for the analysis of aquatic parasite Cryptosoridium parvum (C. parvum) and the detection of cell-protein interactions. Arrays of interdigitated microelectrodes were realized in wells and microchannels. Different geometries of electrodes were characterized. Electrical circuit models are presented. Dielectric relaxation spectrums of deionized water in low frequencies (<1 MHz) and relaxation times were established. An electrical label free method to quantify automatically the concentration of C. parvum parasites suspended in purified water is presented. The viability of these parasites was discriminated by impedancemetry. To study protein-cell interactions, lactoferrin (Lf) and cells of chinese hamster ovary (CHO) were chosen as study model. Different biological parameters are studied to optimize impedimetric measurements. Lf-CHO interaction is detected specifically. To inject reagents into cells while minimizing electrochemical perturbations, impedimetric analysis of CHO-Lf interaction was also performed within microfluidic channels. In these conditions, electrical currents can have invasive effects
Cui, Yue. "Biologie des cellules MAIT chez la souris." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T039/document.
Full textMucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are innate lymphocytes that express a semi-invariant T cell receptor (iTCR) and are restricted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) related molecule, MR1. In human, MAIT cells are abundant in the blood (1-10%), gut (3-5%), and liver (20-40%). They react against microbial-derived riboflavin metabolites that are common in bacteria and yeast. Due to the paucity of MAIT cells in classical inbred laboratory mice, studies on mouse MAIT cells were mostly performed in TCR-transgenic (Tg) mice. However, these Tg MAIT cells do not adequately recapitulate the phenotype of human MAIT cells. Herein, we present a recently generated congenic mouse strain harboring MAIT cells that closely resemble human MAIT cells and use this tool to study the characteristics of natural mouse MAIT cell. An analysis of wild-derived inbred mouse strains revealed that CAST/Ei strain has increased frequency of MAIT cells than C57BL/6 mice. This was linked to a locus on the TCRα region. Introduction of such locus into C57BL/6 mice generated a “MAIT” congenic strain, which were further crossed to Rorc(γt)-GfpTG reporter strain based on previous findings of RORγt expression on human MAIT cells. Using this tool, we show that natural mouse MAIT cells are CD4−CD8−/lo, display an effector memory phenotype (CD44+), and coexpress the transcription factors PLZF and RORγt. They exhibit tissue-homing properties (CCR6+CCR7−) and preferentially reside in peripheral non-lymphoid tissues, including lung, liver, and skin. Upon TCR ligation, MAIT cells produce TH1/2/17 type cytokines and react to bacterial-derived antigens (i.e. semi-purified bacterial fraction or 5-OP-RU) in an MR1-dependent manner. They have high expression of cytokine receptors (IL-7R, IL-18Rα, IL-12Rβ) and may respond to the corresponding innate cytokines. During experimental urinary tract infection, MAIT cells migrate to the bladder and display a protective anti-bacterial activity. Altogether, our results demonstrate that mouse MAIT cells resemble their human counterparts more closely than previously recognized and therefore this new mouse model will be a powerful tool for advancing our understanding of MAIT cell biology in health and disease
Laforet-Ast, Julie. "Caractérisation de microparticules par méthodes diélectrophorétiques : applications aux cellules biologiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492027.
Full textWarnet, Xavier. "Études des membranes biologiques par RMN du solide in cellulo." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC177.
Full textNuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has revealed efficient for in situ (and in vivo) structural studies of biological macro-molecules. The first studies focused on small soluble molecules, and quickly, the interest shifted toward the study of soluble proteins. For few years now, magie-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR has appeared as a technique of choice to obtain structural information about membrane proteins in their native environment (biological membranes). It is now well established that the two major components of biological membranes, that is to say: lipids and membrane proteins, are intimately connected, and the study of their mutual influences constitute a crucial step in die comprehension of biological membranes as a whole. In order to bring some dues regarding this question we have chosen a particular system: the strain C43(70E3) and its network of proliferating membranes, formed after the over-expression of the b subunit of the ATP synthase F1F0 of E. Coli. The analysis of the organisation of this network, and the involvement of the b subunit (via MAS NMR 13C/15N) and lipids (via mass spectrometry and MAS NMR 31P) allowed us to obtain some information regarding the importance of these two components in the establishment and stabilisation of this membrane network. Moreover, during this project, the combination of 2H NMR and MAS appeared as a technique particularly suited for die study of biological membranes of whole cells (alive) under various growth conditions. Also, the methods used and developed during this project could prove beneficial in the study of various biological membranes, from a proteic and lipidic stand point
Treizebré, Anthony. "BioMEMS térahertz pour l'étude du trafic informationnel de cellules biologiques." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Treizebre.pdf.
Full textLima, Florence. "Interactions entre l'activation des récepteurs des estrogènes et la transduction biologique des contraintes mécaniques sur l'activité biologique de cellules ostéoblastiques." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET4008.
Full textThe interactions between mechanical strain and estrogens on bone metabolism have been previously investigated. There is good evidence that at the cellular level, these interactions occur in osteoblasts. Osteoblasts express both forms of estrogen receptors (ER) ERalpha and ERbeta, and previous studies have suggested a specific role for each receptor. Therefore, our working hypothesis was that interactions between E and mechanical strain on osteoblast activity vary depending on which ER is preferentially activated. We the evaluated the interactions between mechanotransduction and E2-induced biochemical cascade through transcription factor (NFkB) activation. On ROS17/2. 8, MS alone increased cytosolic level of free NFkB whereas no modification was observed after administration of MS with E2 suggesting that E could blunt the activation of this pathway under mechanical strain. Because of the stimulatory effect of the latter on osteoclastogenesis, this interaction could explain at least in part, the synergism observed in vivo between E and exercise
Quignard, Sandrine. "Comportement des nanoparticules de silice en milieu biologique : des cellules aux biomatériaux." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836093.
Full textL'Haridon, Laure. "Glycodendrimères : de la synthèse aux interactions biologiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066513/document.
Full textDC-Sign is a tetrameric lectin presents on dendritic cells involved in the adaptive immune response; It recognizes both mannosylated and fucosylated ligands. Although protein-carbohydrate interactions are essential to many biological processes, individual interactions usually exhibit weak binding affinities (mM range), thus multivalency of the ligand is required. The first part of our project is the construction of a very active yet simple fucosylated synthetic ligands for DC-SIGN. As multivalent structure, dendrimers are chosen for their good control both in geometry and in homogeneity (macroscopic and microscopic). In a second part, the synthesis strategy was adapted to different monomers to produce various glycodendrimers. They could give us information on the more adapted structure for DC-SIGN interaction
Cambier, Théo. "Contrôle spatial et temporel des systèmes biologiques in vitro." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY078/document.
Full textActin cytoskeleton regulate cell shape over time. To understand that, we have to studymolecular mechanisms that constitute actin cytoskeleton. In vivo, those mechanismsare hidden by cellular complexity. If we achieve to reproduce piece by piece actincytoskeleton in vitro and if we can control it in space and time, then we are able toelucidate the secrets of it operate. This thesis show that we have developed thetechnology that allow us to do it for a few actin cytoskeleton architectures.We have developed new micro-patterning methods to control actin monomersnucleation into two-dimensional space. This led us to the reconstitution and guidanceof parallel actin filament networks with same polarity and allowed us to reconstituteactin contractil ring.I created an innovating microfluidic chip to control biochemical composition ofreconstituted actin systems over time. This allowed us to control kinetics of freeindividual actin filament polymerisation and to control the intervention sequence ofproteins on parallel actin filament networks.Finaly, we used the microfluidic chip to study hematopoïetic stem cellsdifferentiation