Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellule dendritique plasmacytoïde'
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Zucchini, Nicolas. "Etude in vivo des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes murines à l'infection par le cytomégalovirus murin." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22090.pdf.
Full textPlasmacytoid dentritic cells (pDC) are characterized by their ability to rapidly produce high levels of type I interferon (IFN-I) in response to many viruses, especially during in vivo infection by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). PDC also contribute to the production of other cytokines. However, their relativecontribution to these functions compared to other cells in unclear. In addtition, the overall role of pDC in the host resistance to viral infection is difficult to study rigorously, partly beacause of the lack beacause of a method for the effective and specific depletion of these cells in vivo. The expressions of IFN-I, IL-2 and TNF-a were examined by multiparameter flow cytometry identify the cellular souces and molecular mechanisms involved in the production if innate cytokines in various tissues early after infection by MCMV. Splenic pDC are the main source of innate cytokines early after infection been identified to regulate these functions. In order to obtain different mouse models designed for the rigorous study of pDC functions, we are about to generate mice that express CRE recombinase specifically in pDC
Nehmar, Ramzi. "Contribution à l'étude de la pathogénèse de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde : analyse des mécanismes régulateurs de la réponse inflammatoire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ122.
Full textDuring my PhD, I studied the mechanisms that control inflammation which, when disturbed, can lead to a severe autoimmune/ auto inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA). My work was focused on the analysis of two aspects in these mechanisms: first, I participated to an analysis of the roles of the endonuclease DICER (involved in the biogenesis of microRNAs – miRs) in the pathogenesis of RA, specifically in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which are resident cells of the synovial cavity. I also initiated a study aiming at the identification of the FLS transcriptome which is regulated by miRs in RA patients. This approach will provide an overview of the miR-dependent regulation in these cells and enable the identification of in vivo validated miR-targeted mRNAs in RA. A second axis of my thesis project aimed at providing a better description of the intercellular dialogue in the joint cavity. For this, I was particularly interested in the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in the pathophysiology of RA. I demonstrated a protective role of these cells (initially described for their functions in antiviral defense) in the context of inflammatory arthritis in several mouse models. During this work, I had the opportunity to try an innovative therapeutic strategy based on the recruitment and activation of pDCs in the joints. This noninvasive and painless approach (topical application of cream containing 5% imiquimod) was effective in reducing inflammatory clinical symptoms and also improved biological markers such as bone erosion
Khoryati, Liliane. "Propriétés immuno-modulatrices des IgE dans le lupus érythémateux systémique : impact sur la sécrétion d’interféron de type I par les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0159/document.
Full textPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are characterized by their unique ability to produce large amounts of type I interferon (IFN-I) upon Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 9 triggering. A fundamental role for pDCs has been shown in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through IFN-I production. pDCs express the high affinity Fc receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE), FcεRI, involved in the negative regulation of IFN-I secretion. The objective of our study is to investigate, in the context of SLE, the effects of IgE treatment on pDCs functions, especially on IFN-I production. In vitro, monoclonal IgE treatment of pDCs upregulate their surface expression of FcεRI and decrease transcripts levels of TLR7/9 and IRF7. IgE-treated pDCs decrease IFN-α secretion and downregulate maturation markers expression induced by TLR7/9 and immune complexes triggering. Moreover, the coculture of IgE pretreated pDCs with allogeneic naive LT4 promotes their differentiation into IL-10-secreting cells. In vivo, patients with quiescent SLE have higher IgE levels than patients with active disease (independently of allergy or parasitic infection). In SLE patients, IgE levels are inversely correlated to anti-DNA antibodies and disease activity (SLEDAI). All together, our data suggest a protective role for IgE in SLE through the modulation of the inflammatory response by pDC
Cocita, Clément. "Etude de redondances mises en place par le système immunitaire pour lutter contre l'infection par le cytomégalovirus murin." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4061.
Full textIn mice, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and natural killer (NK) cells both contribute to resistance to systemic infections with herpes viruses including mouse Cytomegalovirus (MCMV). pDCs are the major source of type I IFN (IFN-I) during MCMV infection. This response requires pDC-intrinsic MyD88-dependent signaling by Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 9. Provided that they express appropriate recognition receptors such as Ly49H, NK cells can directly sense and kill MCMV-infected cells. The loss of any one of these responses has been reported to increase susceptibility to infection. However, the relative importance of these antiviral immune responses and how they are related remain unclear. In humans, while IFN-I responses are essential, MyD88 appears to be dispensable for antiviral immunity. However, the mechanisms that could compensate MyD88 deficiency in humans have not been elucidated. Moreover, it has been assumed, but not proven, that MyD88-deficient mice fail to mount protective IFN-I responses to systemic herpes virus infections. To address these issues, we compared resistance to MCMV infection between mouse strains deficient for MyD88, the IFN-I receptor (IFNAR) and/or Ly49H. We show that selective depletion of pDC or genetic deficiencies for MyD88 drastically decreased production of IFN-I, but not the protective antiviral responses mediated by these cytokines. Moreover, MyD88, but not IFNAR, deficiency could be compensated by Ly49H mediated antiviral NK cell responses. Thus, contrary to the current dogma, but consistent with the situation in humans, we conclude that, in mice, MyD88 is redundant for splenic IFN-I responses against a systemic herpes virus infection
Decalf, Jérémie. "Les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes au cours de l'infection chronique par le virus de l'hépatite C : de l'immunologie fondamentale à l'application dans le développement de nouvelles thérapies." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066030.
Full textFutsch, Nicolas. "Caractérisation de l’activation des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes par les virus HTLV-1 et HTLV-2 et de son importance dans la symptomatologie viro-induite." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN067/document.
Full textHTLV-1 (Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1) is the etiological agent of two main diseases: the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and the HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, which are characterized by different immune phenotypes. While the ATLL is linked to an immunosuppressive state, the HAM/TSP is linked to a pro-inflammatory state in patients. The mechanisms contributing to the development of these two diseases in the HTLV-1 infected individuals are poorly understood. Type I interferon (IFN-I) has ambivalent functions in the organism. While this cytokine is an effector of early immune responses, several studies have reported a negative impact of this cytokine during chronic infections. The plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the main producers of IFN-I in vivo, and can produce high amounts of this cytokine after the recognition of virally infected cells. We have shown that pDCs are able to recognize HTLV-1-infected cells, thus leading to the production of IFN-I. pDCs’ triggering is mediated by the accumulated viral particles at the surface of the infected cells, within a carbohydrate-rich structure, previously described as the viral biofilm. The nature of the extracellular matrix itself seems to regulate IFN-I production by pDCs, since the exposition of an asialylated Galβ(1-3)GalNAc glycan at the surface of the HTLV-infected cells reduces the IFN-I production. We also observed that HTLV-2 (a close relative of HTLV-1)-infected cells, in contrast to HTLV-1-infected cells, tend to induce a lower production of IFN-I after being recognized by the pDCs but a greater maturation of the latter. Finally, we have shown that pDCs’ frequency in the blood and their ability to produce IFN-α after an ex vivo stimulation is equivalent in healthy donors, asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers and HAM/TSP patients. This result contrasts with previous studies which demonstrated that blood circulating pDCs’ frequency is reduced in ATLL patients and that pDCs from HTLV-1 infected individuals have a reduced ability to produce IFN-α after stimulation. Thus, dysregulation of the frequency and functionality of pDCs could contribute to the development of one disease or the other
Assil, Sonia. "Mechanism of viral immunostimulatory signal transmission from infected cells to plasmacytoid dendritic cells." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN069.
Full textPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), specialized in the antiviral response, are important producers of interferons (IFN) after cell-cell contacts with virally infected cells. Nonetheless, they are poorly permissive to the majority of viral infections. This newly uncovered mechanism of the activation of an antiviral response by physical cell-cell contacts with infected cells could constitute a general aspect of the host defense against viral infections.Using Hepatitis C virus and Dengue virus as models, we observed a molecular reorganization of the contacts between pDCs and infected cells. The polarization toward contacts of cellular elements, such as regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and components of the endocytic machinery could favor their establishment and/or their stabilization, as well as the efficient transmission of viral elements that are recognized by pDCs. We also demonstrated that pDCs contacts with infected cells are more stable and present a higher polarization of cellular components than contacts with uninfected cells. These interactions present similarities with synapses, a type of organized contact involved in cell-to-cell communication. Notably, immunological synapses are known to play an important role in the activation of the adaptive immune response. We thus propose to call these pDC-activating contacts « innate immunological synapses ». This mechanism could represent a general process of recognition of viral infections by pDCs, by « scanning » the infectious status of the cells by cell-cell contacts. Our results also suggest that viral elements cluster at the level of contacts. These elements differ depending on the type of viral infection. Notably, we observed in the context of Dengue virus infection that non-infectious non-canonical viral structures, that differ from the « classical » viral infectious particles, play an important role in the activation of the antiviral response. Our work brings a new light in the mechanisms of pDC activation and in the host defense strategies against viral infection
Ceroi, Adam. "Les "Liver X Receptors" : modulateurs des fonctions des cellules dendritiques plasmocytoïdes et leur contrepartie leucémique." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3015/document.
Full textNuclear Liver X Receptors (LXR) are involved in cholesterol homeostasis. In macrophages, LXR promote apoptotic body/cell clearance and repress inflammatory responses. LXR are also shown to inhibit proliferation and survival of malignant cells.In plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC), LXR stimulation increases microparticle (MP) engulfment via the increased expression of the PS receptor, BAIL MP engulfment induced NF-icB or LXR activation, depending on the endothelial (EMP) or platelet (PMP) origin of MP, respectively. Overall, we show a crosstalk involving LXR and NF-KB, which dictates the inflammatory fate of PDC engulfing MP.The leukemic PDC counterpart (LPDC) is responsible of an aggressive hematologic malignancy, called blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). In contrast to healthy PDC and other acute leukemias (including lymphoid and myeloid acute leukemias), we report here a specific downregulation of cholesterol homeostasis-related genes in LPDC. LXR pathway activation increases cholesterol efflux and inhibits cell proliferation and survival. This may involve: inhibition of NF-KB signaling pathway and of signaling pathways induced by the survival factor IL-3 (involving Akt and STAT5). Using a xenogeneic mouse model of BPDCN, LXR agonist treatment reduces BPDCN-induced cytopenia as well as bone marrow and spleen LPDC infiltration.Overall, we demonstrate that LXR receptors are functional in PDC and LPDC and are involved in a cross-regulation mechanism with NF-KB. LXR receptors promote MP clearance and control inflammatory responses in PDC, as well as exert an anti-leukemic therapeutic effect in BPDCN via several mechanisms, including cholesterol efflux
Goubier, Anne. "Foie et tolérance périphériqueRôle des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoides et des cellules NKT." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00305753.
Full textLe, Mercier Isabelle. "Caractérisation des altérations fonctionnelles des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et myéloïdes dans les tumeurs mammaires murines." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876658.
Full textCharles, Julie. "Place des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes dans l'immunobiologie et l'immunothérapie du mélanome." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENV001.
Full textPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) could be central cells in the development of antitumor immune responses, but their role in melanoma context remains unclear. In a first part, we investigated the presence, phenotype, and functionality of circulating PDC in newly diagnosed melanoma patients, compared to controls, in order to know wether number and function of these cells were altered in melanoma patients. The frequencies of PDC were equivalent in melanoma patients as compared with normal subjects and PDC were activable by TLR ligant. PDC of melanoma patients expressed CCR-6 a cutaneaous homing receptor and we give strong arguments for a recruitment of PDC in primary tumors through the CCR-6/CCL-20 axis. We demonstrate that PDC are available, functional, and mobilizable for therapeutic purpose in the early phases of melanoma development. In the secont part, we explored the relevance of semi-allogeneic PDCs of the GEN2. 2 PDC cell line as vectors for immunotherapy. Stimulation of PBMC and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from HLA-A*0201+ melanoma patients by semi-allogeneic PDC pulsed with tumor-derived peptides triggered high levels of antigen-specific and functional cytotoxic T cell responses. PDC vaccine-primed T cells specifically killed patients' own autologous melanoma tumor cells. This vaccine, called GENius Vac, provide a new promising immunotherapeutic strategy to fight melanoma. A clinical phase I trial is in development
Dental, Clélia. "Effet du virus de l'hépatite C sur les cellules plasmacytoïdes dendritiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20657.
Full textPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are responsible for the production of type I IFN during viral infections. The elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is based on IFN-alpha therapy and is effective in more than 50% of chronically infected patients. This suggests a possible decrease in production of IFN-alpha by endogenous pDCs. However, pDCs exposed to HCV-infected hepatocytes produce type I IFN via TLR7 signaling. In this study, we investigated the impact of HCV virions and of HCV-infected hepatoma cells on pDC functions such as production of IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha, expression of maturation markers and cytotoxic TRAIL protein. In addition, we evaluated the effect of exposure of pDCs to cell-asociated and cell-freed HCV on induction of IRF-7 and NF-kB signaling pathways. We show that exposure of pDCs to HCV virions from serum of patients or produced in cell culture induces a very low production of IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha by pDCs compared to that induced by Influenza virus and herpes virus type 1 (HHV-1). The complete HCV virions and particles lacking viral RNA (HCV-like particles) inhibit the production of IFN-α in pDCs stimulated with agonists of Toll-like Recptor 9 (TLR9) (CpG-A or HHV-1). However, they do not block the production of IFN-alpha induced by agonists of TLR7 (R848, influenza virus). The level of IFN-alpha mRNA also show the inhibition of TLR9 pathway by HCV virions from two hours after stimulation with CpG-A and correlates with downregulation of expression of mRNA of the transcription factor IRF-7 and TLR9. Moreover, unlike influenza virus, R848 and CpG-B, hepatocytes infected with HCV do not significantly stimulate the phosphorylation of p65 subunit of NF- B or the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) - by pDCs. Cells infected with HCV do not induce significant expression of differentiation markers CD40, CCR7, and of costimulatory molecule CD86, nor the expression of TRAIL on the surface of pDC compared with the influenza virus, and with synthetic agonists of TLR7 (R848) and TLR9 (CpG-B). The signaling profile induced by cells infected with HCV is similar to that induced by CpG-A on pDCs and differs from those induced by CpG-B, R848 or influenza virus. In conclusion, the initial interations of viral particles with cellular proteins of pDC, followed by the internalization of particles and blockade of TLR9 pathway could cause a less efficient detection of HCV virions by pDCs, and reduced production of IFN-α. Moreover, our results suggest that hepatocytes infected with HCV signalize via endosomes recruiting IRF7, and that, like the HCV virion, they do not induce a complete functional response of pDCs. Our results show a link between the signaling pathways of pDCs and their functions, and are important for understanding the mechanisms leading to the establishment of chronic infection with HCV
Danis, Bénédicte. "Caractérisation des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes dans le sang de cordon ombilical." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210606.
Full textDans un précédent travail, il a été montré que les pDCs néonatales présentent un défaut majeur de synthèse d’IFN-alpha en réponse aux CpG ODNs, ligands du TLR9. Nous avons ensuite étendu notre étude des pDCs néonatales en les stimulant avec le R-848, ligand du TLR7, mais également en présence de virus tels que HCMV et HSV. Dans ces conditions également, la synthèse de l’IFN-alpha est déficiente dans les pDCs du nouveau-né. Nous avons également observé une déficience de production de l’IFN-beta suite à une stimulation via les ligands TLR7 et TLR9, tant au niveau protéique que de l’expression de l’ARN messager. Par ailleurs, la synthèse des cytokines/chimiokines inflammatoires par les pDCs du sang de cordon ainsi que leur maturation, fonctions dépendantes du facteur NF-kappaB, sont également diminuées en comparaison aux pDCs adultes, suite à une stimulation en présence du CpG ODN ou du R-848.
L’ensemble de ces données nous a amené à étudier de manière plus précise les voies de signalisation des pDCs néonatales suite à leur activation. Tout d’abord, nous avons observé que les taux d’expression des TLR7 et 9 tout comme le taux basal d’IRF-7 sont équivalents dans les pDCs néonatales et les pDCs adultes. Ensuite, grâce à la technique d’ImageStream (Amnis corporation), nous avons pu quantifier la translocation nucléaire des facteurs de transcription IRF-7 et de NF-kappaB dans les pDCs activées. Nous avons ainsi pu observer que la translocation de NF-kappaB est comparable dans les pDCs adultes et néonatales en réponse aux ligands TLR7 ou TLR9. Par contre, elle est déficiente lors d’une stimulation par HSV. La translocation du facteur IRF-7, quant à elle, est significativement déficiente en réponse au CpG ODN et au virus HSV dans les pDCs néonatales.
Nous proposons que le défaut de translocation d’IRF-7 mis en évidence dans les pDCs néonatales pourrait en partie expliquer la déficience de synthèse des IFNs de type I de ces cellules et fournir une base moléculaire à la plus grande susceptibilité du nouveau-né vis-à-vis des infections virales.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Goubier, Anne. "Foie et tolérance périphérique : rôle des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et des cellules NK-T." Lyon 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/30/57/53/PDF/these.pdf.
Full textThe liver is thought to contribute to systemic T cell tolerance, although the precise mechanism of its tolerogenic effect is unclear. This function could be particularely important to induce T cell tolerance to orally absorbed antigen circulating to the liver from the intestine via the portal vein. The aim of our study was to precise the role of the liver in peripheral tolerance and notably in oral tolerance by using a murine model of contact sensitivity to the hapten DNFB, induced by cytotoxic CD8+ effector cells. We have identified two subsets of cells enriched in the liver and involved in the regulation and tolerance of the immune response : i) the plasmacytoid dendritic cells which inhibit the CD8+ T cells response in vivo and play an important role in the induction of oral tolerance and ii) the NK-T cells able to regulate the CD8+ T cells response during the afferent and the efferent phase of the immune response
Alculumbre, Solana. "Division of Labor Between Distinct Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Subsets Following Viral Activation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS014.
Full textUnder microbial stimulation plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells (pDC) secrete large amounts of type I interferon (IFN) and differentiate into mature dendritic cells capable of activating T cells. These innate and adaptive functions are thought to be induced sequentially in pDC through triggering of the IRF-7 and NFkB pathways, respectively. We found that viral activation of pDC induced their differentiation into three phenotypically distinct subsets: PD-L1+CD80- (P1), PD-L1+CD80+ (P2) and PD-L1-CD80+ (P3). P1 specifically produced IFN-α, indicating a specialization in innate immunity, while promoting weak activation and high IL-10 expression in CD4 T cells. Conversely, P3 showed increased expression of surface costimulatory molecules, improved migratory capacity, strong naïve CD4 T cell activation, and induction of Th2 differentiation. P2 had an intermediate functional profile. No conversion could be induced between subsets. We identified P1 in psoriatic skin, and blood from active lupus patients. Our results indicate reciprocal exclusion, rather than sequential link, of innate and adaptive pDC functions, with important implications in immune regulation and immunopathology
Anjubault, Thomas. "Spécialisation fonctionnelle des sous-populations de cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes chez le rat." Nantes, 2010. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=837ef71b-79d9-4d9c-9e8b-1adb2a40998f.
Full textThe generation of a rat splenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) monoclonal antibody, named 85C7, in our team allowed the identification of a population expressing 85C7 but a low level of CD4. PDC usually described in rat highly express CD4. So we assessed to characterize this population to discover if it was pDC. Their phenotype appeared to be very similar, as their plasmacytoid morphology at steady state. In response to TLR9 ligand, this population expresses high levels of IFNα mRNA, which is the main characteristic of pDC. They also have the capacity to induce naïve CD4+ CD25- T cell proliferation, 2 fold higher than CD4high pDC. These results strongly suggest that these cells are pDC. DNA sheep results from these pDC populations taken together with results from splenic conventional DC allowed us to identify genes specifically expressed by one of these populations. Surprisingly, this analysis revealed that TRANCE (TNF-related activation-induced cytokine) gene was constitutively and specifically expressed by resting CD4high pDC. We confirmed the expression of the protein at the membrane and in a soluble form too. TRANCE is well known for its crucial role in osteoclastogenesis. We sought to assess le potential role of pDC to induce osteoclastogenesis in different models
Barblu, Lucie. "Réponse innée des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoides lors de stimulations rétrovirales (HTLV-1, VIH-1)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648421.
Full textMossu, Adrien. "Régulation de la survie des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes dans un contexte inflammatoire non viral." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3011/document.
Full textPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are specialized in type I interferons (IFN-I) secretion to control viral infections. However, these cells can also activate adaptive immune responses, and polarize T cells. Indeed, during chronic or uncontrolled inflammatory episodes, pDC can induce or maintain inflammatory syndromes and autoimmune diseases. So some mechanisms should exist to control the fonction of these cells. In an in vivo modcl of non viral inflammation induced by the injection a CD3-specific antibody (aCD3 Ab), we could observed pDC's apoptosis dependent of T cell activation in different lymphoid organs. Moreover, we could observe that this depletion of pDC was not associated with the cytokinic storm induced by the mitogenic effect after aCD3 Ab treatment. On the other hand our data shovved that CD8+ T cells and the perforin pathway in this acute inflammatory context are responsible for pDC depletion We also obtained the same results in other non viral inflammation settings such as graft versus host disease. Overall, these data suggesi that this regulation pathway could be used for therapeutic purposes, to control pDC survival and avoid their involvement in the physiopathology of autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis or type I diabetes
Moro-Sibilot, Ludovic. "Contribution du foie et des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes dans la réponse humorale à Immunoglobines A." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10207/document.
Full textIgA humoral response is one of the main mechanisms by which immune homeostasis is maintained in the intestine. The IgA response is initiated in gut-associated lymphoid tissues, where recognition of intestinal antigens drives naïve B cell activation, IgA class-switch recombination and plasma cell differentiation. My thesis work addressed the contribution of the liver and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in intestinal IgA response. By using two complementary mouse models allowing for selective depletion of pDCs, we have demonstrated that, in contrast to published work showing their ability to drive IgA response in vitro, pDCs are dispensable in vivo for the induction and the maintenance of homeostatic intestinal IgA responses.Then, we showed that the liver contains an important population of IgA plasma cells. In mice, we demonstrated that these cells harbor distinct phenotypic characteristics in comparison to intestinal IgA plasma cells, and are derived from B cells recently activated in Peyer’s patches. At homeostasis, hepatic IgA plasma cells secrete IgA directed against bacteria from intestinal flora. Finally, in a mouse model of chronic ethanol consumption, we found a correlation between an increase in hepatic igA plasma cell population, elevation of serum iGA and IgA deposits in liver sinusoids, two disorders frequently observed in alcoholic liver disease patients. Thus, our results indicate that the liver constitutes an alternative effector site for IgA response initiated in the intestine
Blum, Ariane. "Les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes dans le cancer à travers le rôle de TRAIL." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00154726.
Full textNotre laboratoire a récemment développé une lignée de PDC (GEN2.2) à partir de leucémies à PDC (LPDC), qui résistent aux thérapies conventionnelles. Les GEN2.2 partagent la plupart des caractéristiques phénotypiques et fonctionnelles des PDC normales. Nous avons d'abord utilisé cette lignée comme modèle de LPDC et nous montrons qu'elles sont sensibles à l'apoptose induite par TRAIL (TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) via l'expression du récepteur DR5, comme la plupart des LPDC, alors que les PDC normales ne le sont pas, ce qui permettrait la mise en place de thérapies des leucémies à PDC utilisant des agonistes de TRAIL.
Les PDC normales sont difficiles à isoler ou générer. Nous avons donc ensuite utilisé la lignée GEN2.2 comme modèle de PDC normales. Nous avons ainsi découvert que ces cellules, une fois activées par des ligands des TLR7 et 9, acquièrent une fonction cytotoxique via l'expression de TRAIL et peuvent tuer des cellules tumorales. Les PDC pourraient donc jouer un rôle crucial dans l'éradication des cancers après activation.
Enfin, nous avons cherché à préciser les mécanismes moléculaires d'induction de TRAIL dans les PDC après activation par des ligands des TLR7 et 9.
L'ensemble des travaux suggère que les PDC pourraient représenter une cible de choix dans le développement de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques anti-tumorales.
Abbas, Abdenour. "Etude de l'hétérogénéité des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes au cours d'une infection in vivo." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190917_ABBAS_686bi458tqaudt885g269pqon_TH.pdf.
Full textPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are specialized in the production of the cytokines type I and III interferons type I and III (IFN), which are molecules critical for the body's host defense against viral infections. The ability of pDC to perform other functions, including T cell activation, is controversial. During my thesis, I characterized the heterogeneity of pDC in infected mice by examining at the single cell level their production of IFN and the modulation of the expression of their genome expression and of cell surface markers in isolated individual cells of infected mice. I determined the trajectory of pDC activation and showed that the same cells produced IFN and then acquired the ability to activate T lymphocytes while changing micro-anatomical location. We have also identified new signals promoting the pDC production of IFN by pDC. These results provide a better understanding of the antiviral functions of pDC, their molecular regulation and their spatiotemporal orchestration
Ruscanu, Suzana. "Interaction entre le virus bluetongue et les cellules dendritiques conventionnelles et plasmacytoides." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0024.
Full textDendritic cells are divided in 2 major subsets, the plasmacytoid DC (pDC) subset that produces large amount of type I IFN (IFN-α/β) in infections, and the conventional DC (cDC) subset that is the most potent antigen presenting cell type. Skin cDCs are the first targets of Bluetongue virus (BTV), a vector-borne virus that induces hemorrhagic fever in ruminants. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the mechanism of DCs activation by BTV and the role of DCs in the pathogenesis of BTV. I showed in vitro, that pDCs and cDCs can replicate BTV but that only pDCs produce IFN-α/β, partially independently of viral replication. IFN-α/β induction by BTV in pDCs depended on endosomal acidification, on MyD88 recruitment but not on TLR7/8 activation. Moreover PKR and MAPK-SPAK/JNK phosphorylations were mandatory for IFN-α/β induction by BTV in pDCs. In vivo during BTV infection, DCs accumulated in lymphoid organs. The gene expression profiles during infection depended on the DCs type and their localization. A functional gene expression analysis implicated blood pDCs but not lymph node pDCs in the inflammation and hemodynamic disorder. Lymph node and spleen cDCs presented a gene profile with activation of the maturation pathway associated to anti-inflammatory and/or regulatory functions. The implication of DCs in hemorrhagic virus infections suggests that they could be interesting targets for therapeutic interventions to combat these infections
Mastio, Jérôme. "Analyse du rôle du facteur de transcription Ikaros dans le développement des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ076.
Full textThe development and function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) must be tightly regulated to prevent autoimmune disease or leukemia. It was recently discovered that a fraction of human pDC-derived neoplasms exhibit loss of function mutations of the IKZF1 locus, which encodes the Ikaros transcription factor. Deciphering the function of Ikaros in pDCs could thus help understand its probable tumor suppressor function. Mice hypomorphic for Ikaros (IkL/L) are devoid of mature pDCs in the spleen and lymph nodes but accumulate immature pDCs in the bone marrow (BM). Interestingly IkL/L BM pDCs exhibit an ectopic activation of the Notch pathway. We found that a gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI), which inhibits Notch signalling,rescues the differentiation of functional pDCs in BM cultures. The main dendritic cell progenitors affected by GSI are the common myeloid progenitors (CMP) and the macrophage and dendritic cell progenitors (MDP). As GSI inhibits the activation of the Notch pathway, we also inactivated RBPJ, the transcriptional effector of the Notch pathway. Surprisingly, RBPJ inactivation did not recapitulate the effect of GSI. Moreover, RBPJdeficient IkL/L cells still respond to GSI, demonstrating that GSI targets additional events besides Notch in this system. Our data thus show that Ikaros is required for terminal differentiation of pDCs, and acts in part by blocking a Notch independent GSI-sensitive pathway
Sisirak, Vanja. "Functional characterization of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in human breast tumors and identification of their migratory capacities during inflammation." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10038.
Full textDendritic cells are professional antigen presenting cells initiating and modulating immune responses. Among them, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) represent key antiviral effectors through their production of high amounts of type I interferons (IFN). Their infiltration in breast tumors was correlated with a adverse clinical outcome, suggesting that the tumor environment somehow subvert pDC functions which in turn may promote the tumor growth. In this line, we demonstrated that breast tumor-associated pDC (TApDC) keep their ability to acquire a fully mature phenotype after TLR7 or 9 triggering and to activate naïve T cells proliferation, while they are strongly impaired for their capacity to produce type I IFN. This alteration of their main innate function is mediated by tumor-derived TGF-β and TNFα. SMAD phosphorylation in breast TApDC in situ further confirmed TGF-β signaling involvement in their dysfunction. These observations represent mechanistic of how breast tumors impair pDC function, and provide insights for developing new therapeutic strategies preventing the negative impact of tumor factors on infiltrating pDC. In addition to their description in many types of tumors including carcinoma, pDC also traffic into inflamed epithelial sites during viral infections or autoimmunity. But mechanisms underlying such pDC homing still remain unclear. Here we also report that a subset of tonsil pDC express CCR6 and CCR10 receptors for epithelial homing chemokines CCL20 and CCL27/28 respectively. In situ, pDC in inflamed epithelia are found in close contact with CCR6 and CCR10 ligands, indicating that CCR6/CCL20 and CCR10/CCL27/28 axis might mediate pDC homing in inflamed peripheral sites. These observations were further confirmed in vivo since inflammation-induced recruitment of pDC into melanoma tumor was abrogated in CCR6-deficient mice. Importantly, CCR6 and CCR10 expression was induced on human blood pDC in vitro in presence of IL-3 and such differentiated pDC keep their ability to produce type I IFN upon viral stimulation. Thus, our results also demonstrate that blood pDC might be conditioned through CCR6 and 10 upregulation to home inflamed epithelia during infectious or non-infectious disorders where they can exert their innate functions. This work may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to mobilize and manipulate the function of pDC - from inducing tolerance to inducing antiviral-like anti-tumor immunity
Labidi-Galy, Sana Intidhar. "Altérations fonctionnelles et phénotypiques des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et des lymphocytes T régulateurs dans le cancer de l’ovaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10183/document.
Full textOvarian cancer (OC) is an immunogenic disease and represents a good model for studying antitumoral immunity. We performed a systematic comparison between plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in blood, ascites, and tumors in term of frequencies, phenotypes, functions, and impact on outcome of OC patients. We found that pDC accumulate in ascites and are present in some tumors whereas they are profoundly depleted in patients’ blood. Their presence within tumors (but not ascites) is deleterious because associated with early relapse of OC patients. Moreover, Tumor associated pDC (TApDC) but not ascite pDC were altered in their innate function, i.e. the production of IFN-α in response to TLR ligands in vitro, and they induce the development of IL-10+ CD4+T cells. All these results suggest that TApDC but not ascite pDC induce immune tolerance allowing cancer progression. Treg accumulate in ascites and tumors but their levels in patients’ blood were not increased. Their accumulation in tumors, but not ascites, was an independent prognostic factor associated with delayed relapse. TATreg showed an activated phenotype and inhibit IL-10 production by CD4+conventional TAT cells. Interestingly, patients whose tumor infiltration by Foxp3+ Treg is increased after neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed delayed relapse suggesting that chemotherapy, in addition to its direct antitumoral effect, induces an immune response
Guillerey, Camille. "Etude de l'initiation des réponses immunitaires innées et adaptatives par les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077250.
Full textPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are well known for their ability to secrete huge amounts of type I interferons. We generated a new mouse model lacking pDCs : the IK L/L Rag -/- mice. This model is based on an hypomorphic mutation of the Ikaros gene on a Rag 2 deficient background, leading to the absence of pDCs, B and T cells. Using the IK L/L Rag -/- mice, we established that pDCs are essential for NK cell responses to a TLR-9 stimulation by CpG. We also demonstrated that pDCs are crucial for the systemic production of chemokines required for innate cell recruitment following TLR-9 triggering. Moreover, by injecting pDC-depleted splenocytes to IK L/L Rag -/- mice, we were able to reconstitute both B and T cell compartments. Thus, these mice can be used to study adaptive immune responses in the absence of pDCs. Finally, we studied the activation- induced mechanisms that allow antigen cross-presentation by pDCs. Finally, we studied the activation-induced mechanisms that allow antigen cross-presentation by pDCs. We showed that a TLR-7 stimulation allows the protection of internalized antigens by regulating pDC phagosomal pH. In addition, we found that reactive oxygen species participate to the up-regulation of co--stimulatory molecule and to T cell activation by pDCs. Altogether, these results contribute to a better understanding of how pDCs initiate innate and adaptive immune responses
Letscher, Hélène. "Étude des propriétés régulatrices d’une population de précurseurs de cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes conditionnée par le CpG dans le cadre de réponses auto-immune et allogénique Innate activation primes bone marrow plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors for tolerance Rôle protecteur des CpG-pre-pDC dans le cadre d’une réponse allogénique : la maladie du greffon contre l’hôte." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2171&f=13417.
Full textHematopoietic progenitors can sense innate signals. Their early education by such signals within the bone marrow, prior to their egress, may have considerable impact on the outcome of immune responses. While mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are known to either aggravate or ameliorate disease both auto-immune and allogeneic, it remains unknown whether immune regulatory function can be stably imprinted at the precursor stage in the pDC lineage onwards. We herein investigated whether activation with the oligonucleotide CpG, a Toll-like receptor-9 agonist, confers to bone marrow pDC precursors (CpG-prepDCs) characterized by the c-kit+Sca-1+B220intPDCA-1+ phenotype the capacity to protect against two kinds of murine immune pathologies: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis which is an autoimmune disease and graft versus host disease (GVHD), an allogeneic response. We demonstrate that the adoptive transfer of relatively low number of CpG-pre-pDCs (80.000 in EAE and 200.000 in GVHD) was able to clinically reduce both diseases. Interestingly, CpG-pre-pDCs migrated to the spinal cord in EAE and to the spleen in GVHD where their progeny retained a relatively immature pDC phenotype. In EAE, the progeny of CpG-pre-pDCs massively produces IL-27 and TGFß and moderately GM-CSF. In the inflamed central nervous system, the progeny switches the immune response of infiltrating CD4+ T cells from pro-inflammatory (IFNy+ GM-CSF+ IL-17+) to anti-inflammatory (TGFß+, IL-27+, IL-17-, GM-CSFlo). The key role of TGFß and IL-27 was assessed using precursors incapacitated for the production of each of those cytokines. These experiments demonstrated that the two soluble factors acted sequentially: TGFß ensures early phases of the immunomodulation mediated by the CpG-pre-pDC while IL-27 is required for later protection. In GVHD, the mechanisms of protection are different yet similar in some ways. As for EAE, the progeny of CpG-pre-pDCs is still able to produce TGFß but this time in combination with IL-12, another cytokine from the IL-27 family. Additionally, those cells were able to reduce the IL-17 production by both pathogenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The human equivalent of CpG-pre-pDC could be a new therapeutic tool in patients with multiple sclerosis or graft versus host disease either per se or enriched in the hematopoietic stem cell transfer already implemented to treat those two immune conditions
Coléon, Séverin. "Réponse antivirale des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoides contre des cellules infectées via la formation d'une synapse interferogénique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN071.
Full textType I interferon (IFN-I) is critical for antiviral defense, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a predominant source of IFN-I during virus infection. pDC-mediated antiviral responses are stimulated upon physical contact with infected cells, during which immunostimulatory viral RNA is transferred to pDCs, leading to IFN production via the nucleic acid sensor TLR7. Using dengue (DENV), hepatitis C (HCV), and zika (ZIKV) viruses, we demonstrate that the contact site of pDCs with infected cells is a specialized platform we term the interferogenic synapse, which enables viral RNA transfer and antiviral responses
Florentin, Jonathan. "Etude de l'interaction du virus de l'hépatite C sur les cellules plasmacytoides dendritiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5014.
Full textPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) respond to viral infection by production of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), proinflammatory cytokines, and cell differentiation. The elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in more than 50% of infected patients by treatment with IFN-alpha suggests that pDCs play an important role in the control of HCV infection. pDCs exposed to HCV infected hepatoma cells produce large amounts of IFN-alpha. However, despite large amounts of Toll-like receptor 7-mediated IFN-α, produced by pDCs, HCV still replicates in infected liver. During my PhD training, I went into in depth to understand the molecular mecanisms used by HCV particles and HCV infected hepatocytes to explore pDCs. I focused my research on the binding of HCV particles with the pDC surface, on the triggered downstream signaling pathway, on the cellular differentiation. Our results suggest that cell-associated HCV signals in pDCs via an endocytosis-dependent mechanism and IRF7 but not via the NF-kappaB pathway. In spite of IFN-alpha induction, cell-associated HCV does not induce a full functional response of pDCs. HCV particles inhibit, via binding of E2 glycoprotein to CLRs, production of IFN-α and IFN-λ in pDCs exposed to HCV-infected hepatocytes, and induce in pDCs a rapid phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2, in a manner similar to the crosslinking of BDCA-2 or DCIR. Blocking of BDCA-2 and DCIR with Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies preserves the capacity of pDCs to produce type I and III IFNs in the presence of HCV particles
Raieli, Salvatore. "TLR2 / 1 Orchestrent la réponse de les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes humaines à les bactéries Gram +." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS495/document.
Full textInfections by Gram+ bacteria are worldwide life-threatening diseases where new studies are highlighting the pathological role of Type I interferon (I IFN). Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the main source of Type I IFN following viral sensing. Recent evidence suggests that human pDCs might sense bacteria. The receptors mediating bacterial sensing in pDCs are not known. During my thesis, I focused on the characterization of pDCs TLR2/1 receptors expression. These two receptors allow pDCs to sense Gram+ bacterial lipoproteins. My work showed that human primary pDCs express TLR1 and TLR2 at the mRNA and protein level. I show that pDCs respond to the Gram+ bacteria M. tuberculosis, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes through TLR2/1 pathway. In human primary pDC, I found that in response to bacterial lipoproteins up-regulation of costimulatory molecules is TLR1-dependent while IFN-I secretion is TLR2-dependent. TLR2 and TLR1 signalling play a different role in the pDCs priming of naïve CD4+ T-cells, inducing proliferation and differentiation to TH1/TH2/Treg subsets. I further demonstrate that these differences rely on the diverse signaling pathway activated by the two TLRs. This work provides the rationale to explore pDCs activity in human bacterial infection
Mouriès, Juliette. "Induction de réponses T cytotoxiques dirigées contre des antigens exogènes par les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066519.
Full textIsnard, Stéphane. "Rôle des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes dans la production d’IFN de type III et dans la présentation croisée du VIH." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB091.
Full textCombined antiretroviral treatments limit AIDS-related morbidity and mortality after HIV infection. But hyperactivation of the immune system persists, notably within the myeloid cell compartment, in correlation with metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity, which occurs earlier than in the general population. Two types of HIV have been described: HIV-2 infection, prevalent in West Africa and in emigrated communities originating from this area, leads less frequently and less rapidly to AIDS compared to HIV-1 infection, because of host-virus, which still need to be characterized. During acute HIV-1 infection, in the plasma, peak levels of type I Interferon (IFN) and other cytokines are observed, then they are down-modulated. A strong IFN stimulated gene (ISG) response is also observed. During chronic infection, the ISG response persists, with hyperactivation of the immune system. Type I IFN are produced by all cell types, but more specifically by plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDC). Certain type III IFN (lambda) gene variants correlate with clearance of HCV infection, but IFN-lambda production in response to HIV remained to be studied. During my PhD, I showed for the first time that, in vitro, HIV-1 and HIV-2 induce IFN-lambda production by healthy donors PBMC at comparable levels. Plasmacytoid DC from healthy donors produce these IFN intrinsically, but not conventional DC. Plasmacytoid DC also have a role in the induction of adaptive immune responses against HIV. Our team demonstrated that they can crosspresent antigens from HIV infected apoptotic cells, like other DC. They can therefore activate specific cytotoxic T cell responses which eliminate infected cells. I studied this mechanism and showed that the activation of specific T cell by pDC is potentiated by non-specific pre-activation. Indeed, pDC become activated in the presence of virus and secrete cytokines which pre-activate intracellular IFN-gamma production by CD8 T cells. IFN-gamma is then secreted only after cognate MHC-peptide-T cell receptor interaction. The results of this thesis potentially give a role to IFN-lambda or their blockade in HIV treatment, and to the activation of pDC to induce better detection and elimination of HIV reservoirs through crosspresentation
Bendriss-Vermare, Nathalie. "Les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoides humaines : mise en evidence de leurs specificites moleculaire et fonctionnelle." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF22307.
Full textSeillet, Cyril. "Influence des oestrogènes sur la biologie des cellules dendritiques." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1304/.
Full textEpidemiological data show sex differences in immunity. Women have stronger immune responses than men and are less susceptible to infection but, in turn, develop more frequent autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Data in the literature suggest that estrogen contributes to sexual dimorphism. We analyzed the effects of 17-estradiol (E2) on the development and effector functions of dendritic cells (DC). We first show in an in vitro model that E2, by activating estrogen receptor (ER) was essential for the differentiation and acquisition of DC functions. We demonstrate that DC differentiated in the absence of E2 had an immature phenotype associated with a deficiency in CD4+ T cell activation. We then analyzed the effect of E2 on a different population of DC, plasmacytoid DC (pDC), whose activation and production of IFN-I are involved in the development of autoimmune diseases such as SLE. It was reported that women pDC produced more IFN-I in response to TLR activation. Here, we have show that this difference is due to estrogen. We demonstrated, in mice, that ovariectomy led to a decrease in cytokine production by pDCs after TLR activation, whereas E2 treatment amplified it. This effect was dependent on ER signaling in the hematopoietic compartment. We were able to confirm these results in a clinical studying in which post-menopausal women treated with E2 showed a markedly enhanced TLR-7- and TLR-9-dependent production of IFN- by pDCs stimulated by synthetic ligands or by nucleic acid-containing immune complexes. In conclusion, our work shows that estrogens are important modulators of development and effector functions of several DC populations. We have highlighted the pro-inflammatory effect of E2 on the functions of DC, which may account for sex-based differences in autoimmune and infectious diseases
Lucas, Nolwenn. "Rôle des cellules dendritiques plasmocytoïdes dans la leucémie myélomonocytaire chronique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS372/document.
Full textBone marrow infiltration with plasmacytoid CD123high cells was identified in a fraction of patients with a chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), but the mechanisms promoting the generation of these cells and their impact on disease evolution remain poorly known. Using a multiparametric flow cytometry assay, we detect an excess of lineage-negative mononucleated cells expressing CD45, CD123, HLA-DR, BDCA-2, BDCA-4 and CD4 in the bone marrow of 39/161 (24%) CMML patients. Conventional and electron microscopy, flow cytometry and gene expression analyses identify these cells as authentic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). These pDCs respond to Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) and TLR7 agonists by producing low levels of interferon alpha and high levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), respectively. Whole exome sequencing of sorted monocytes and pDCs detects one or several mutations that constitutively activate the Ras pathway in every pDC-rich patient, with some subclonal heterogeneity. CD34+ cells from pDC-rich CMML produce high level of pDCs in ex vivo culture, even in the absence of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3L). In co-culture experiments, pDCs collected from the bone marrow of pDC-rich CMML decrease the proliferation of CD34+ cells in a dose-dependent manner. pDC increase is associated with an expansion of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Retrospective analysis of a cohort of 216 CMML patients detected a mitigated effect of bone marrow infiltration with CD123high, TLC1+ cells on disease outcome, including a trend for a better overall survival of patients with a pDC excess but also an increased risk of leukemic transformation
Lederle, Alexandre. "Infection des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes par le VIH : mécanisme d'inhibition par les anticorps et étude des modifications fonctionnelles." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766677.
Full textDuhen, Thomas. "Rôle des TLR [Toll-like receptors] dans la réponse immunitaire : des lymphocytes B aux cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20698.
Full textSmith, Nikaïa. "Étude moléculaire du TNF-Related Apoptosis Induced Ligand (TRAIL) et de l’activation du Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) dans les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes lors de la réponse antivirale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB145/document.
Full textPDC are the first line of defense of our organism against pathogens and establish the essential link between the innate and adaptive immunity. pDC endocyte and destroy the viral particles and thus, detect the genetic material with their antiviral sensors from the Toll-Like Family (TLR). The activation of TLR7/9 induces massive production of type I interferon (IFN-I), a powerful antiviral molecule, essential to control viral propagation during the acute phases of the infection. However, type I IFN can have deleterious effects in a large number of chronic infections and autoimmune diseases. Thus, it seems essential to discover the regulatory mechanism of pDC as well as pDC activation modulators. We showed that monoamines (histamine, dopamine and serotonin) and polyamines (spermine and spermidine) inhibit completely the activation of virus-stimulated pDC. Thus, we showed that amines regulated pDC activation through CXCR4 engagement and that this receptor was a potential switch "on-off" for pDC during viral infections. To better understand the mechanism of action by which amines inhibit pDC activation, we developed a new technology: siRNA transfection in human primary pDC. Furthermore, we detected multinuclear giant cells bearing the shape of a bicycle wheel when pDC are cultured in vitro with high quantities of HIV virus. Thus, on top of monocytes and macrophages, pDC can form in vitro multinuclear giant cells with high levels of p24 viral protein of HIV-1. However, pDC barely get infected (less than 5%). We then wondered if the receptors and co-receptors of the virus were important for the viral recognition during HIV-activation of pDC
Le, Roy Aude. "Elaboration de nouvelles stratégies d'immunothérapie dans les leucémies aigües." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5011.
Full textBoosting the Immune System is a major challenge in the treatment of acute leukemias. We focused our study on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukemia (BPDCN). In the first part, we studied immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) that are currently used in the treatment of patients with myeloma and myelodysplastic syndrome with 5q deletion. IMiDs exhibit anti-angiogenesis, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory properties especially on NK cells and T lymphocytes. We investigated the anti-leukemic effects of two IMiDs (lenalidomide and pomalidomide) in order to improve NK cell cytotoxic activity in AML. We have shown that IMiDs impaired survival of AML blasts in vitro, and in vivo in NOD/SCID/IL2rg-/- (NSG) murine model. In addition, IMiDs treatment sensitized AML blasts to allogeneic NK cell mediated lysis, independently of Cereblon, the known molecular target of IMiDs. IMiDs treatment of AML blasts enhanced NK cell functions such as degranulation and cytokine production. Finally, we have described phenotypic changes induced by IMiDs on NK receptors, and a down-regulation of HLA-class I on AML blasts. These results encourage continuing investigation for the use of IMiDs in AML, especially in combination with immunotherapies based on NK cells. In a second part, we have developed a murine model of plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukemia (BPDCN) in NSG mice. Murine model of leukemia are essential preclinical tools in the development of new immunotherapies in acute leukemias
Corbier, Camille. "Caractérisation d'un modèle murin knock out pour le gène C9orf72." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ080.
Full textAn expansion of G4C2 repeats in C9ORF72 gene is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These repeats lead to DNA epigenetic changes resulting in a decrease expression of C9ORF72. To better understand the functions of this protein, we generated a C9orf72 KO mouse model. These mice do not develop an ALSphenotype, but present immune dysfunctions characterized by a splenomegaly and a lymphadenopathy. Sera and immunohistochemistry analysis also revealed elevated autoantibodies and a glomerulonephropathy, leading to mice death. To further investigate this phenotype, we generated different mice models with a tissue specific KO of C9orf72 in the main immune cell populations. Interestingly, the loss of C9orf72 in dendritic cells reproduce the splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Immunophenotyping of the dendritic cell lineage of KO mice revealed specific alteration of the plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs). Overall, these results suggest that pDC could be the starting point of the inflammatory dysfunctions observed in C9orf72 KO mice
Labidi-Galy, Sana Intidhar. "Altérations fonctionnelles et phénotypiques des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et des lymphocytes T régulateurs dans le cancer de l'ovaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861852.
Full textGobert, Michael. "Le cancer du sein, un environnement immunotolérant : émergence, mécanismes d'action des lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+ CD25+ et relations avec les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10271.
Full textDespite the infiltration of tumors by the immune competent cells, spontaneous rejection of breast tumors is rarely documented. Our work on CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells (Treg), cells inhibiting the immune response, might reconciliate this apparent discrepancy. Indeed, functional Treg are present in high proportions in primary breast tumors and have a negative impact on patient’s survival. This negative impact occurs only when Treg are present in the periphery of the tumor in the lymphoid aggregates in contact with mature Dendritic Cells (DC), where they are activated and proliferate, but not in the tumor area. Regarding their intra-tumoral recruitment, we have demonstrated the importance of the CCR4 receptor and one of its ligands CCL22. Plasmacytoid DC (pDC), circulating interferon-α producing cells during viral infection, are also present in breast tumors and their presence has a negative impact on patients’ survival as previously demonstrated by our team. Tumor-infiltrating pDC express activation markers, respond in vitro to activation signals, but their ability to produce interferon-α is strongly impaired. We showed that two cytokines, TGF-β and TNF-α produced within tumor microenvironment are involved in this inhibition. The perspectives of this work are to identify the mechanisms of Treg mediated suppression and the importance of their interaction with pDC. Our goal is to understand how to neutralize Treg and reactivate pDC in breast cancer in order to restore an anti tumor immune response
Schaeffer, Justine. "Étude in vitro et ex vivo de la réponse des cellules dendritiques à l’infection par le virus Lassa." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1249/document.
Full textLassa virus (LASV) is responsible for a viral haemorrhagic fever in humans and the death of 3,000 to 5,000 people every year. There is currently no vaccine or treatmentavailable against LASV, and its pathogenesis is not completely understood yet. According to studies on humans and primates, type I interferon (IFN-I) and T cell responses appear to be critical for the host. We studied the response of dendritic cells (DC) to LASV, as DC are involved in both IFN-I production and T cell activation. We compared the response of primary human DC to LASV and Mopeia virus (MOPV), which is similar to LASV, but non-pathogenic.We focused on plasmacytoid DC (pDC), specialized in IFN-I production, and myeloid DC (mDC), specialized in antigen presentation. We showed that neither pDC nor mDC were productively infected by LASV and MOPV. pDC infected with MOPV produced large amounts of IFN-I, whereas pDC infected with LASV did not. mDC produced substantial amounts of IFN-I in response to both LASV and MOPV. However, only MOPV-infected mDC were able to activate T cells. More surprisingly, coculture with T cells completely inhibited the activation of LASV-infected mDC. These differences between LASV- and MOPV-infected mDC were mostly due to LASV nucleoprotein, which has major immunosuppressive properties, but the glycoprotein was also involved. Overall, these results showed differences in pDC and mDC response to MOPV and LASV. Therefore, both pDC and mDC may be important for the global response to LASV in vivo, and play a role in the outcome of Lassa fever
Combes, Alexis. "Caractérisation du rôle de BAD-LAMP comme chaperonne des "Toll like receptors" au sein des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes humaines." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4057.
Full textHuman plasmacytoïd dendritic cells (pDCs) have been shown to be the principal producer of type-I interferons (IFNs) following intracellular TLRs stimulation. Upon activation, pDCs tightly control TLRs sub-cellular localization in specialized endosomes, leading to sequential programs of cytokines production: a first rapid wave of type-I IFN, due to IRF signalling from early endosomes, followed by pro-inflammatory cytokines production, dependent on NfκB signalling from late endosomal compartments. BAD-LAMP/LAMP5, an atypical member of the LAMP protein family, is brain specific in mice. In Human, BAD-LAMP is also expressed in pDCs. We reveal here a novel step of TLR regulation mediated by BAD-LAMP, that controls TLR9 access to, and signalling from, specialized subsets of endosomes in human pDCs. Upon CpG stimulation, BAD-LAMP and TLR9 follow a common endocytic sorting step, in order to reach early, IRF-signalling, VAMP3+ endosomes. BAD-LAMP silencing alters TLR9 traffic and promotes its retention in VAMP3+ endosomes, while ectopic BAD-LAMP expression triggers accelerated TLR9 transport to LAMP1+ lysosomes. Retention in VAMP3+ endosomes impacts directly on TLR9 signalling by increasing IFN production and decreasing TNFα. Importantly, we found that BAD-LAMP expression is down-regulated by IFN exposure. Conversely, pDCs treated with tumour supernatants or pDCs infiltrating human breast tumors, present both sustained BAD-LAMP expression, and defect in IFN production. BAD-LAMP is therefore an essential regulator of TLR9 transport in human pDCs and a marker of TLR9 signalling efficiency under pathological conditions
Seneschal, Julien. "Rôle des Cellules Dendritiques Plasmacytoïdes et Langerhans dans le contrôle de l’immunité adaptative dans des modèles auto-immun et physiologique." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21895/document.
Full textDendritic Cell (DC) are a heterogeneous group of antigen-presenting leukocytes that are important in activation of both the innate and adaptative arms of the immune system. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDC) represent a unique population, characterized by their ability to produce large amounts of type I Interferon (IFN). This « IFN signature » is a prominent feature of Systemic Lupus disease (SLE). Mechanisms leading to the excessive production of type I IFN remain largely unknown. Here, in our present study, we demonstrate that platelets are activated in SLE patients by circulating immune complexes and represent a major reservoir of CD40L. Activated platelets potentiate the production of type I IFN by pCD through a CD40L/CD40 interaction. Excessive production of type I IFN by pCD leads to DC activation and maturation and inappropriate activation of auto-reactive T cells.Under steady state condition, inappropriate activation of the immune system must be tightly controlled. It has been previously shown that normal adult human skin contains a large number of resident T cells (TRM) expressing the phenotype of Effector Memory T cells (TEM). These TEMTRM are specific for antigens previously encountered through skin and can be activated and proliferate under specific stimulation. Langerhans Cells (LC) are a group of skin resident DC living in epidermis. There is currently substantial controversy regarding the physiologic role of LC with regard to immunoregulation versus immunostimulation. Here we show that under steady state condition, LC induce the proliferation of a small subset of TRM. These proliferating TRM express the phenotype of TREG and are functional. However this stimulation of TREG could be reversed in the presence of foreign antigen in a dose-dependant fashion, as the addition of a pathogen to LC and TRM led to diminished TREG proliferation and increased TEM proliferation. These findings establish a novel immunological role for LC in human skin, allowing for the constitutive maintenance of tolerance, while also permitting the stimulation of resident immune memory in response to infectious challenge
Azar, Pascal. "Mécanismes responsables des différences liées au sexe dans la production d'IFNa TLR7-dépendante des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes humaines : implication dans l'infection par le VIH." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30103.
Full textInfectious and autoimmune diseases affect women and men differently. In general, women develop stronger immune responses and are more susceptible to autoimmunity. Sex-linked differences are observed, in particular, in the innate functions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which produce large amounts of type I interferon in response to the activation of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) by viral or endogenous RNAs. TLR7 ligands elicit higher frequencies of IFN-alpha producing-pDCs in women than in men. This could be particularly relevant in the context of HIV-1 infection, where gender differences in viral load and disease progression are well established. Our team previously showed that estrogen signaling through estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) positively regulated the TLR-dependent responses of murine pDCs in vitro. Although we showed that estrogen therapy of post-menopausal women enhanced the TLR-mediated responses of pDCs, direct evidence for a role of ER signaling in human pDCs is still lacking. Besides the critical role of estrogens, genetic factors could also contribute to the sex bias in pDCs innate responses. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; c.32A>T; rs179008) of the chromosome X gene encoding TLR7 has been associated with differential susceptibility to infection by HIV-1. This SNP translates into the substitution Gln11Leu in the leader peptide of TLR7, and is more frequently found in women with HIV-1, but not in HIV-1-infected men, relative to healthy controls. It has been suggested that this polymorphism would lead to a loss of function of TLR7, but this has never been directly demonstrated in pDCs, and the relevant mechanisms are not known
Martinet, Jérémie. "Cellules dendritiques plasmocytoïdes et infections virales : rôle physiopathologique et potentiel vaccinal." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843008.
Full textAouar, Besma. "Altération de la production d'interféron de type I par les cellules plasmacytoïdes dendritiques : ciblage de la voie de signalisation BCR-like." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5021.
Full textPlasmacytoid dendritic cells are major producers of type I IFN in human organism. During chronic viral infections, such as Hepatitis C Virus infection, pDCs are functionally impaired. More than 50% efficiency of IFN-α treatment, until recently used, suggested that modulation of pDC function could be an important target for HCV treatment. pDCs recognize HCV RNA by Toll-like receptors, and dispose of a set of so-called regulatory receptors that regulate IFN-I production. Crosslinking of these RR such as BDCA-2 and ILT7 has been shown to inhibit IFN-I production by pDCs stimulated with TLR7/9 agonists. In this work we show that HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 is a novel ligand of pDC RR, BDCA-2 and DCIR, and that this binding is responsible for IFN-I inhibition via the activation of the BCR-like pathway. Then we assayed to restore IFN-I in pDCs with crosslinked RR by targeting well-known kinases of BCR-like pathway, Syk and Mek. When inhibiting Syk, IFN-I was only partially restored by subliminal concentrations of Syk inhibitor; high concentrations of Syk inhibitor effectively blocked IFN-I production, suggesting involvement of Syk in the TLR7/9 pathway as it was already demonstrated in TLR activation in macrophages. When inhibiting MEK, the restoration of type I IFN was effective. The underlying mechanisms leading to the restoration are further explored. Pharmacological targeting of BCR-like signaling may constitute an attractive new approach to study mechanisms of modulation of pDC activation in pathophysiological conditions
Vey, Nelly. "Cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et immunosurveillance ou échappement immunitaire dans le cancer du sein : impact des signaux activateurs versus inhibiteurs du microenvironnement tumoral." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10255.
Full textBreast cancer are disease impacting immune system whose play role during tumorigenesis, to detect and eliminate malign cells (immunosurveillance) or promote tumoral development (immunosubversion). Efforts to define new therapeutic strategies revealed that restoring anti-tumor immunity in patients would improve their prognosis. During my thesis, first, we demonstrated the existence of stimulatory and inhibitory signals of pDCs in the breast, which give the pDCs a role in immunosurveillance and immune escape of breast cancer, respectively. We showed that TGF-beta and TNF-alpha are involved in the functional inhibition of TApDC repressing IRF-7 expression and activation. Secondly, we showed i) the presence of [DNA LL37] complex produced by neutrophils in tumors that can induce the production of IFN-alpha by pDCs, ii) the expression of type I IFN associated genes in breast tumors and iii) a major role of IFN-I pathway in immunosurveillance of mammary tumors in mice. In addition, in mice, preliminary data suggest that pDC could play a role in anti-tumor immunosurveillance in vivo. The work presented in this thesis provide new data on the role of pDCs in immunosurveillance of breast cancers, and open new anti-tumor immunotherapy strategies targeting pDCs
Kamga, Tchamaha Isabelle. "Physiopathologie du déficit de cellules dendritiques dans l' infection par le VIH-1." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077031.
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