Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellule solaire organique'
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Monestier, Florent. "Amélioration de l'absorption photonique dans les cellules photovoltaïques organiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321670.
Full textPuis nous avons relié les propriétés optiques des cellules organiques à leurs propriétés électriques en calculant les densités de courant de court circuit. La validation de nos modélisations a ensuite été réalisée par comparaison avec les résultats expérimentaux sur des cellules composées d'hétérojonctions bicouches ou de volume et pour différents couples donneur-accepteur (P3HT:PCBM, CuPc/C60 ou pentacène:pérylène). Dans la dernière partie de ce travail nous avons abordé l'étude de l'exaltation locale du champ électromagnétique via des effets de plasmons de surface. Pour cela, nous avons modélisé, réalisé et caractérisé des empilements de couches organiques, contenant des nanoparticules métalliques (or et argent), dans le but d'exalter localement le champ électromagnétique.
Bourgeteau, Tiphaine. "Development of hybrid photocathodes for solar hydrogen production." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01215429v1/document.
Full textOne of the challenges of the 21st century is to produce clean and inexpensive energy at the TW scale to face the increasing energy demand and the global climate change. Because renewable energies are intermittent, they must be converted and stored in order to use them at the same scale of fossil energies. Hydrogen appears to be an ideal energy carrier when it is produced from water and sunlight. This fuel can be stored, transported and use on-demand by its combination with oxygen, for example in a fuel cell. Photo-electrochemical (PEC) cells able to carry out the photo-electrolysis of water are not yet cost-effective, because most of the materials used for their fabrication are rare or expensive (platinum, crystalline semiconductors). Producing hydrogen in a PEC cell at industrial scale depends on the finding of readily-available and easily-processed materials. In this thesis, the development of a noble-metal free hydrogen-evolving photocathode was undertaken, to reduce protons from light and acidic water. The photo-converting unit was based organic semiconductors organized in a polymer-fullerene bulk-heterojunction layer (P3HT:PCBM) coupled to amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoS3) as a catalyst. In the device, the P3HT:PCBM layer absorbs the photons and the photogenerated electrons are then transported to the interface with the catalyst, which uses the electrons to produce hydrogen. After studying each material (catalyst and solar cell) separately and checking the alignment of their energy levels, the first assemblies were made by solution processes. The deposition methods were adapted depending on the nature of the materials. Spin-coating and spray were used for the deposition of the light-harvesting unit and the catalyst, respectively. With the photo-electrochemical characterization setup, a photocurrent of up to 100 µA cm–2 was obtained, corresponding to production of hydrogen, as analyzed by gas chromatography. These first results proved the viability of the concept of this hybrid noble-metal free photocathode. In order to improve the photocathode performance, new configurations were designed. Firstly, interfacial materials placed between P3HT:PCBM and MoS3 (electron-extracting layer, EEL) were studied to improve charge collection by the catalyst. Among studied materials, photocathodes with titanium-protected aluminum reached up to 10 mA cm–2 of photocurrent. The presence of aluminum induced instability in aqueous media, so that oxides (TiOx) and organic materials (C60 fullerene and graphene) were considered. TiOx brought only a slight improvement compared to photocathodes without EELs, while C60 allowed to reach 5 mA cm–2 but with a lower stability compared to metallic EELs. The origin of the increased performances with EELs was attributed to the burying of the photovoltaic junction, removing the influence of the electrolyte. Secondly, the material between the transparent electrode and the photovoltaic part, i. E. The hole-extracting layer (HEL), was replaced by amorphous oxides (graphene oxide (GO), MoOx, NiOx). It led to the fabrication of performant photocathodes, stables for several hours, by process temperatures below 150 °C in the case of MoOx and GO. The increase of the performance seemed to be related to the increase of the HEL work function, leading to the suggestion that the Fermi level difference between the HEL and the electrolyte has an impact on the capacity of the photocathode to separate the charges and use them for photocatalysis. The most performant photocathodes (several mA cm–2 and 0. 6 V of photovoltage) were the one with MoOx, i. E. The material with the largest work function, and had a much better stability than the photocathodes with metallic EELs
Derue, Lionel. "Stabilisation thermique de la couche photo-active dʼune cellule solaire organique par réticulation." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933501.
Full textDauzon, Emilie. "Matériaux et dispositifs organiques flexibles et extensibles pour application dans l'optoélectronique émergente." Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1059.
Full textNew technologies will require more and more compliant materials capable of conforming to curved surfaces, i.e., able to stretch and mechanically resist body motions for wearable and on-skin applications. In this regard, this work discusses strategies to induce stretchability in materials. We focused our attention on improving the elasticity of transparent conducting electrodes (TCE) based on PEDOT:PSS and semiconductors (active layer) for organic solar cells.Firstly, the introduction of DMSO and Zonyl as additives into PEDOT:PSS was shown to produce highly transparent conducting electrodes (FoM > 35) with low Young’s modulus and high carrier density. We investigated the relationship between the transport properties of PEDOT:PSS and the morphology and microstructure of its films. The combination of the two additives enhances the fibrillary nature and the aggregations of both PEDOT and PSS components of the films.Secondly, stretchable TCEs based on PEDOT:PSS were fabricated using an innovative approach that combines an interpenetrated polymer network-based on polyethylene oxide and Zonyl. The presence of three-dimensional matrix provided high electrical conductivity, elasticity, and mechanical recoverability. The potential of this electrode was demonstrated with indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-free solar cells with a power conversion efficiency similar to ITO.Finally, the research was completed by integrating a cross-linker or an elastomer into the active layer to enhance its stretchability while maintaining excellent photovoltaic performance. In particular, SEBS elastomer exhibited a tailored elasticity with various fullerene and non-fullerene blends: P3HT:PC61BM, PCE10:PC71BM and PCE13:IT-4F. This versatile approach highlights the ease of manufacturing and scalability achieved by the solution casting processes along with a high compatibility of acceptor and donor blends
Marzouk, Samir. "Synthèse et caractérisation de molécules en haltère à base de phtalocyanines pour l’élaboration de cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE006/document.
Full textThis work reports a series of dumbbell-shaped molecules based on phthalocyanine with an electro-donating character, to be used in organic solar cells. More particularly, the molecules are fully-conjugated triads, made of two zinc phthalocyanine fragments separated by a rigid central dye of different nature (derivative of benzothiadiazole, isoindigo or diketopyrrolopyrrole). The synthesis of the materials was optimized by varying the type of the cross-coupling reactions. The properties of the molecules (absorption, energy levels, structure, charge transport and photovoltaic) were investigated as function of the nature of the central dye and the peripheral ramified chains on the phthalocyanine fragments
Mirloup, Antoine. "Ingénierie moléculaire de nouveaux composants photoactifs pour le photovoltaïque organique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF035/document.
Full textDuring this thesis, boron complexes and π-stacking mediator planar moieties have been synthetized for photovoltaic applications. Thanks to the use of triazatruxene units on β-pyrrolic positions of a BODIPY core, the solar cells photoconversion efficiency has been increased. The BOPHY moiety, a di-nuclear boron complex, has been functionalized and optoelectronically studied. The first example of the use of BOPHY in organic solar cells has been performed. Two families of BODIPYs have also been prepared to be used in dye-sensitized solar cells. A new record of photoconversion efficiency for BODIPY based solar cells has been reached using a co-adsorption of two dyes having complementary absorptions within a unique solar cell
Le, Borgne Mylène. "Solution-processable oligomeric and small molecule semiconductors for organic solar cells." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0048/document.
Full textOrganic solar cells appear as a promising technology within photovoltaic field owing to their low-cost fabrication and their great flexibility enabling a widespread distribution. For now, they are still at the prototype stage due to their limited efficiency and lifetimes. Many efforts were realized in designing new materials as they are involved in every steps of the photovoltaic process and thus they dictate the cell efficiency. Along this thesis, two series of electron-donating semi-conductors were designed and synthesized. The first series consist in three oligomers containing three diketopyrrolopyrrole units, a well-studied chromophore. Those oligomers absorb up to the near infra-red region, a very interesting feature for light harvesting. Through the engineering of electron-rich spacers, various twists were generated in the oligomers backbone. The oligomer showing a coplanar conformation appears to be the most crystalline and thus exhibits the best charge transport properties with a hole mobility of 10-3 cm².V-1.s-1.iiiHowever, bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, this high crystallinity results in an unfavorable morphology and a PCE inferior to 1%. As for the second series, the four small molecules combined 3,3’-(ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(indolin-2-one) (EBI), an electron deficient unit, and various electron-rich units such as thiophene (EBI-T), benzofuran (EBI-BF) and bithiophene (EBI-2T). Among EBI derivatives, EBI-BF demonstrated the highest hole mobility of 0.021 cm².V-1.s-1 in field effect transistors due to its coplanar conformation. Meanwhile, in bulk heterojunction solar cells, the highest PCE of 1.92% was obtained with EBI-2T:PC61BM blend owing to a more appropriate morphology and the broadest absorption spectrum of EBI-2T
Darghouth, Ala Aldin M. Hani Mahmood. "Modélisation photochimique de la formation des électrons de conduction au sein de l'hétérojonction d'une cellule solaire organique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV091/document.
Full textThe uncertainty surrounding petroleum production and the pollution associated with fossil fuels plus the series of well-known accidents of Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima plus the desire to diversify energy sources are important factors favoring the development of solar cell technology. For certain applications organic photovoltaics are particularly interesting because (for example) of the possibility of printing these circuits and the creation of flexible solar cells in the form of adhesive tape. Following the seminal studies of Tang, so-called bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solarcells have been created by polymer phase separation. Some BHJ divices are already available commercially but their photovoltaic efficiency is still low. In order to aid in the improving this efficiency, we propose to model the critical process by which a local excitation (an "exciton") dissociates to form a conducting electron/hole pair. In contrast with the majority of solid-state physicists involved in studying this problem who seem to ignore the typically non-Born-Oppenheimer character of this event, we planto treat this event directly by photochemical modeling using semiclassical (Tully-type) surface-hopping dynamics with which we already have some experience. As the objective is the comprehension of highly complex systems, we propose exploratory calculations based on the TD-DFTB method, a semiemprical version of the time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) for which one of us is well-known for his pioneering work. The study will be carried out in collaboration with the ORGAVOLT group of developers of ab initio methods for modeling BHJs, and with groups in Singapore interested by BHJs, as well as with groups in Germany specializing in DFTB
Nourdine, Ali. "Matériaux polymères pour cellule solaire photovoltaïque organique : vers un nouveau procédé de mise en forme par extrusion de multicouches." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0114.
Full textThe performance of organic photovoltaic solar cells depends on the active layer morphology and the arrangement of the donor and acceptor. Increasing the amount of donor/acceptor interface and reducing the size of the domains optimize the photovoltaic efficiencies. A new approach could consist in using nano-multilayers of donor and acc¬¬¬eptor polymers by forced assembly. The work presented in this thesis is part of a broader project, which consists in developing a new solvent-free process for production of nano-multilayers organic solar cells alternating donor and acceptor layers. More specifically, the aim of this thesis was to select, synthesize and study photoactive and extrudable donor and acceptor polymers. Poly(3-octylthiophene) was chosen as the donor polymer and polystyrene grafted by an various percentage of fullerene C60 as the acceptor polymer. This work was realised at the National Institute of Solar Energy (INES), and was organized in three steps. The first part focused on synthesis and characterization of various acceptor polymers with different percentages of C60. Both physicochemical and photovoltaic properties (electron mobility, tests in solar cells) were characterized. Finally, the rheological behaviour and characteristic temperatures were studied to confirm their plausible processability by extrusion
Cristoferi, Claudio. "Etude sur la modélisation de la couche active et la dissipation thermique dans les électrodes d’une cellule solaire organique." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0030/document.
Full textThis work concerns organic solar cells and it focuses on several aspects of the design of the device that are related to the sizing. The core of this study highlights the relation between the shape of an organic solar cell and the thermal dissipation inside the electrodes. The main contribution to this power loss comes from the transparent back electrode, since its conductivity is typically lower than those of the top electrode. In parallel we developed a non-linear model for the active layer in order to simulate the behavior of the solar cells in several particular illumination cases (such as spotlights, shadows and defects in the active layer) and different working regime. In the framework of PHASME project, a grant in collaboration with Disasolar and CEA-INES, we developed another piece of software closer to the CAD domain which the main function was to create a photovoltaic polychrome module starting from a substrate with given shape and size. We found two strategies. One consists in filling by the same solar cell shape and size the entire substrate and then in finding a suitable grouping in order to have the correct working point outside the device (matrix approach). The other one (non-matrix approach) consists in adapting the shape of the device to a given colored region, each individual cell keeping the same surface extension, which allows them to be connected in series since they all generate the same amount of current
Legros, Mathilde. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux polythiophènes porteurs de groupes C60 pour une application solaire photovoltaïque organique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664997.
Full textAumaitre, Cyril. "Synthèse et études de matériaux organiques absorbeurs visible-proche infrarouge pour la réalisation de cellules solaires hybrides." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV050/document.
Full textOn a global scale, the share of renewable energies in the energy mix is constantly increasing. Based on the principle of photosynthesis, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells are an emerging technology for Building Integration Photovoltaic (BIPV). These hybrid cells use an inorganic semiconductor oxide whose surface is covered with an organic dye. The absorption of the incident light by this dye will cause the injection of an electron from the photo-excited state of the molecule into the conduction band of the oxide. A redox mediator present in the electrolyte will regenerate the oxidized dye and generate a current under illumination. The dyes already described in the literature shows efficiencies reaching 14%. On the other hand, very few of these materials can absorb up to the near infrared range (NIR) (700-1000 nm). Thereby, the absorption of the NIR spectral range could lead to a greater photo-generated current density. In this context, this work presents a complete study of new panchromatic dyes extending into the near infrared range. For this study, the "donor-acceptor" approach was used to obtain the desired optoelectronic properties. A first family based on benzothiadiazole derivatives has been developed leading to very good absorption properties in the NIR region (absorption up to 925 nm). The optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of these materials have been studied in order to understand the limitations for solar cell applications. Following this, a new dye family based on isoindigo derivatives was synthesized and studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy, electrochemistry and DFT simulation. These compounds strongly absorbs in the UV-visible and NIR spectral range up to 848 nm. The dyeing bath composition and the electrolyte formulation were optimized in order to obtain a device conversion efficiency of 5.76%. Photophysical measurements have allowed us to have a fine understanding of the limiting factors of these dyes. On the basis of this observation, we improved the structure of one of the dye and witg this new molecule we reached a power conversion efficiency of 7.0% with a UV-Visible and near infrared absorption for the solar cell. In the last part of this work we have also obtained preliminary results employing various alternative materials to the TiO2/iodine system
Alkarsifi, Riva. "Synthesis and characterization of composite nanomaterials as interfacial layers in organic solar cells." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0433.
Full textThis thesis deals with the chemical synthesis of new metal-based nanocrystals and the incorporation of these solution processed materials as hole transport layers (HTLs) and electron transport layers (ETL) in Organic Solar Cells (OSCs). Several strategies were applied to increase the efficiency of the OSCs such as the incorporation of suitable interfacial layers. Interfacial layers were mainly prepared through vacuum deposition methods such as thermal evaporation, however, they require complex equipment, which limits their use in low-cost, large area device fabrications. Therefore, the solution processed interfacial materials have attracted significant attention to overcome the problems of vacuum depositions. During this work, we focused the HTL studies on the synthesis of NiOx nanocrystals. We synthesized pristine NiOx as well as Li, Cu and Sn doped NiOx nanoparticles at different doping levels. By following a specific strategy, we were able to transform the dispersion from water into isopropanol that can be easily deposited onto the active layer. Molecular doping was used to improve the work function using F4-TCNQ molecule. After optimizations, 7.4% and 7.9% efficiencies were obtained with the regular and the inverted device structures, respectively. As for the ETL studies, we focused this work on the development of a new class of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Three types of antimony-based hybrid materials were synthesized and crystallized using a slow evaporation method and then solubilized as nanocrystals in alcohols, before being used in both regular and inverted devices giving 8.19% and 6% efficiencies, respectively, for the best working hybrid material
Gaume, Julien. "Etude du photovieillissement de matériaux nanocomposites pour l'encapsulation de cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22173.
Full textThis work was devoted to the study of the photochemical behavior of polymer / clay nanocomposites with the aim to use these nanocomposites in a multilayer organic / inorganic coating for organic solar cells encapsulation. The goal of this work was to obtain polymer / clay nanocomposite films that are flexible, transparent, which can be processed by solution, and that are photochemically stable. In the first part, the characterization of nanocomposites based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has shown their ability to be inserted into a multilayer system, particularly for gas barrier properties. The study of the photochemical behavior of PVA with the identification of photodegradation products allows us to propose a photooxidation mechanism of PVA and to determine the effects of photoageing on the film properties (roughness, permeability, transparency). The insertion of lamellar nanofillers (Montmorillonite, Laponite or Layered Double Hydroxide) in PVA induces different effects (prodegradant or stabilising) depending on the nature of the clay (natural or synthetic). However, in absence of oxygen, the PVA and PVA / clay nanocomposites are very photostable. Finally, encapsulation alternating inorganic SiOx layer and PVA or PVA / clay nanocomposite layer permits to obtain the permeability levels required for organic solar cells in niche markets (consumer electronics)
Sorin, Marie. "Polymères donneur et accepteur d’électrons : synthèse et utilisation comme couche active de cellules solaires organiques." Angers, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01084912.
Full textThe aim of the presented research is the synthesis ofnew electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) copolymersand their use in organic solar cells (OSC). The method chosen to access to such copolymers is the controlled radical polymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). This method is particularly suitable to control the polymerization of a wide range of electron donor and electron acceptor monomers. The first strategy was based on the RAFT polymerization of functional electron donor and acceptor monomers. This strategy led to the preparation of an electron donor polymer poly(vinyltriphenylamine). The difficulty of synthesis and polymerization of electron acceptor monomer based on perylene diimide (PDI)drives us to a second strategy for the synthesis of electron acceptor polymers. This second strategy is based on the chemical modification of random RAFT polymethacrylates-based copolymers. The esterification allowed us to include acids derived from C60 and PDI. The synthesized polymers were then used as the active material in bulk-heterojunction solar cells (BHJ-SC). The copolymer with the C60 groups blocked the thermal degradation of D/A mixture, so this copolymer could find potential application as stabilizer of the active layer of BHJ-SC
Kraft, Thomas. "Ternary blend ink formulations for fabricating organic solar cells via inkjet printing." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0027.
Full textTwo approaches were followed to achieve increased control over properties of the photo-active layer (PAL) in solution processed polymer solar cells. This was accomplished by either (1) the addition of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to improve the charge transport properties of the device or (2) the realization of dual donor polymer ternary blends to achieve colour-tuned devices.In the first component of the study, P3HT:PC61BM blends were doped with SWCNTs with the ambition to improve the morphology and charge transport within the PAL. The SWCNTs were functionalized with alkyl chains to increase their dispersive properties in solution, increase their interaction with the P3HT polymer matrix, and to disrupt the metallic characteristic of the tubes, which ensures that the incorporated SWCNTs are primarily semi-conducting. P3HT:PCBM:CNT composite films were characterized and prepared for use as the photoactive layer within the inverted solar cell. The CNT doping acts to increase order within the active layer and improve the active layer’s charge transport properties (conductivity) as well as showed some promise to increase the stability of the device. The goal is that improved charge transport will allow high level PSC performance as the active layer thickness and area is increased, which is an important consideration for large-area inkjet printing. The use of ternary blends (two donor polymers with a fullerene acceptor) in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic devices was investigated as a future means to colour-tune ink-jet printed PSCs. The study involved the blending of two of the three chosen donor polymers [red (P3HT), blue (B1), and green (G1)] with PC61BM. Through EQE measurements, it was shown that even devices with blends exhibiting poor efficiencies, caused by traps, both polymers contributed to the PV effect. However, traps were avoided to create a parallel-like BHJ when two polymers were chosen with suitable physical compatibility (harmonious solid state mixing), and appropriate HOMO-HOMO energy band alignment. The parallel diode model was used to describe the PV circuit of devices with the B1:G1:PC61BM ternary blend
Obscur, Jean-Charles. "Amélioration des performances des cellules solaires organique par l'ingénierie de bandes aux interfaces électrodes semi - conducteurs." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0021/document.
Full textThe current context of strong growth in energy demands in the world requires diversification of its production, in particular towards renewable sources while limiting as far as possible the emission of greenhouse gases. Among the most promising and abundant renewable energies is solar energy and it is evident that solar, thermal or photovoltaic energy represents a crucial issue to reduce the consumption of fossil energy. Currently 90% of the solar generators are made of crystalline silicon, which poses a problem of supply of raw material, as silicon producers did not know how to anticipate the strong expansion of the solar sector. Innovative concepts present a high potential in terms of cost of production and application, in particular organic and hybrid (organic / metal oxide) dies. In Europe, France is very active in this area of research, particularly with regard to the use of new organic nanostructured materials or hybrid structures. This is why Disasolar, a French start-up specializing in flexible photovoltaics, wants to develop this activity by developing flexible solar modules by inkjet printing. The objectives of this thesis are to study new printable interface materials and to evaluate the effect of nanoparticle size on the topology and performance of devices. And secondly, the study will focus on the printing of interface materials and the stability of organic solar cells
Topolniak, Ievgeniia. "Photodegradation of polymer nanocomposites for encapsulation of organic solar cells." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22630.
Full textThe goal of this work was to develop EVOH/zeolite nanocomposites based on inorganic fillers such as zeolites for potential encapsulation of OSCs and to investigate their photochemical behaviour. The research was focused on the photooxidation mechanism of pristine EVOH copolymers and on the impact of the filler addition on this mechanism. EVOH/zeolite nanocomposites functional properties were characterised taking into account different particle sizes and filler contents. Properties of EVOH copolymers and EVOH/zeolites nanocomposites such as optical transparency, surface morphology, mechanical and thermal properties, and water uptake properties were investigated. On the basis of obtained results, the best candidate(s) for encapsulation of organic solar cells has been proposed. The chemical degradation mechanism of pristine polymers has been proposed, the materials photostability and the impact of the zeolite particles on the photochemical behaviour of the polymer have been studied. Electrical calcium test and performance of encapsulated OSCs were carried out in order to evaluate the ability of the studied materials to be used as potential candidates for efficient and stable encapsulation coatings for OSCs applications
Arnoux, Quentin. "Electronic and structural characterizations of a transparent conductive oxide/organic interface : towards applications for organic electronic devices." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066231/document.
Full textThe energy level alignment of hole-transport organic molecular solids with indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conducting oxide, has been characterized. The studied molecules, based on the dipyranylidene (DIP) structure, differ by the heteroatom (O, S and Se). Synchrotron photoemission electron spectroscopy has been used to determine the alignment, and we investigated the molecular orientation via X-ray absorption spectromicroscopy. By interpreting spectroscopic data in the light of DFT calculations, we found evidence of the presence of charge transfer from the molecules to the ITO, when they are in intimate contact with the substrate, at least for the O and S-DIPs. The hole injection barrier between the ITO Fermi level and the organic HOMO was obtained. Our experimental approach emphasizes the relationship between structural and electronic properties. These results were obtained during beamtimes in France (SOLEIL), Italy (ELETTRA) and Switzerland (SLS)
Parrenin, Laurie. "Synthèse et formulation d'encres polymères pour couche active de cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0183/document.
Full textThe replacement of halogenated toxic solvents is fundamental in photoactive material processes to make the organic photovoltaic sector viable. Herein the use of nanoparticles made of π-conjugated polymer (PCDTBT) and electron-acceptor(PC71BM) was targeted in order to allow for instance the control of the phase separation between the two materials. Thus composite particles of PCDTBT and PC71BM have been synthesized using two kinds of stabilizers: an anionic surfactant (SDS) and a block copolymer P3HT-b-PEO, as well as without stabilizer. As an example such nanoparticles were integrated as active layer into photovoltaic device enabling a power conversion efficiency of 0.94% from aqueous based inks
N'Konou, Kokou Kekeli David. "Nanostructures plasmoniques de type coeur-coquille métal-diélectrique pour cellules photovoltaïques organiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0148/document.
Full textOne of the approaches to improve the organic solar cells performance without increasing the thickness of the photoactive layer is to incorporate metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in this layer or in its proximity to have benefited from light scattering or localized surface plasmon resonance effects. However, these NPs can generate charge carriers recombination, short circuits or exciton quenching due to the contact with the metal. A solution is then to coat these MNPs with a dielectric (thin shell or layer) to protect them. The objective of this thesis is to study the influence of metaldielectric coreshell nanostructures on the optical and photoelectric performances of organic solar cells, by using numerical modeling and experiments. First, a predictive numerical analysis by FDTD modeling allowed us to optimize the influence of architectural and optogeometric parameters on optical properties of plasmonic organic solar cells. Silver or gold core nanospheres (NSs) coated with a thin silica shell were synthesized and characterized. Finally, the integration of chemically synthesized Ag@SiO 2 NSs (wet process) or Ag/SiO 2 NPs deposited by evaporation (dry process) in inverted organic solar cells has increased the photocurrent by 12% or 18%, respectively, compared to the reference cell(without NSs)
N'Konou, Kokou Kekeli David. "Nanostructures plasmoniques de type coeur-coquille métal-diélectrique pour cellules photovoltaïques organiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0148.
Full textOne of the approaches to improve the organic solar cells performance without increasing the thickness of the photoactive layer is to incorporate metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in this layer or in its proximity to have benefited from light scattering or localized surface plasmon resonance effects. However, these NPs can generate charge carriers recombination, short circuits or exciton quenching due to the contact with the metal. A solution is then to coat these MNPs with a dielectric (thin shell or layer) to protect them. The objective of this thesis is to study the influence of metaldielectric coreshell nanostructures on the optical and photoelectric performances of organic solar cells, by using numerical modeling and experiments. First, a predictive numerical analysis by FDTD modeling allowed us to optimize the influence of architectural and optogeometric parameters on optical properties of plasmonic organic solar cells. Silver or gold core nanospheres (NSs) coated with a thin silica shell were synthesized and characterized. Finally, the integration of chemically synthesized Ag@SiO 2 NSs (wet process) or Ag/SiO 2 NPs deposited by evaporation (dry process) in inverted organic solar cells has increased the photocurrent by 12% or 18%, respectively, compared to the reference cell(without NSs)
Nicolet, Célia. "Synthèse de (co)polymères à base de Poly(3-hexylthiophène) pour le photovoltaïque organique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14412/document.
Full textActive layer morphology optimization is fundamental to achieve high efficiency in organic photovoltaic solar cells. We showed the influence of the donor (P3HT) and acceptor (PCBM) material ratio and the impact of the P3HT molecular weight on the active layer morphology. We demonstrated the possibility of using well-designed block copolymers to help P3HT and PCBM compatibilization and to control their phase separation. We chose to synthesize P3HT-b-polystyrene and P3HT-b-polyisoprene for which each block is compatible with the active materials. Optimal addition of P3HT-b-polyisoprene enables to get a 30%-improved efficiency and a 90%-enhanced lifetime of the solar cells
Diebold, Morgane. "Systèmes composites organogélateurs/polymères semi-conducteurs : de la preuve conceptuelle aux matériaux nanostructurés pour l'électronique plastique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE002.
Full textImproving the performances of organic photovoltaic devices requires morphology control of the active layers. Highly nanostructured donor-acceptor bulk heterojunctions were prepared by heterogeneous nucleation of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT, donor) on naphthalene diimide organogelators fibers (NDI, acceptor). The first part of this work was dedicated to the self-assembly of NDI-core organogelators substituted by amide groups and trialkoxyphenyls dendrons. We evaluated the influence of the flexible chain between the naphthalene core and the amide groups (2 C-C bonds for NDI2 and 4 for NDI4) on the physico-chemical properties of the organogelators.The second part of this work focused on the polymorphism of NDI2 with identification of four different polymorphs with their optical, spectroscopic and structural signatures. A phase diagram of NDI2 in the solid state was determined. The last part of this manuscript concerns the fabrication of donor-acceptor nano-composites between NDI organogelators and P3HT. The formation process in solution of these nano-composites was analyzed by following the crystallization kinetics of P3HT by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and the thin film morphology (shish-kebab structures) by transmission electron microscopy. The nucleating effect of various organogelators on P3HT was demonstrated. Solar cells were made from the composites P3HT:PCBM : organogelator and their energetic conversion yield was shown to be increased in the presence of organogelators
Vedraine, Sylvain. "Intégration de nanostructures plasmoniques au sein de dispositifs photovoltaïques organiques : étude numérique et expérimentale." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799088.
Full textBou, Adrien. "Electrodes multifeuillets de type oxyde/métal/oxyde à transparence accordable pour cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4367.
Full textAmong all variants of photovoltaic thins films, organic solar cells generate a major industrial interest due to low manufacturing costs, reasonable levels of energy production and suitability to flexible substrates like plastic. ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) is the most used Transparent Conductive Electrode (TCE) for organic solar cells as well as other optoelectronic devices. However, this material is not without drawbacks (scarcity of indium, non-suitability to flexible substrates...), and the search for alternatives to ITO is actively pursued by the international scientific community. One possibility is offered by Oxide|Metal|Oxide multilayer structures. By reaching the thin metal layer percolation threshold and by varying its thickness, it is possible to obtain very high conductivity and transparency of this multilayer in the visible spectral range. The role of both oxide layers is to tune the position, intensity and width of the spectral transmission window by adjusting the oxides’ thicknesses. Coupled experimental and numerical works were lead in particularly on SnOx|Ag|SnOx, TiOx|Ag|TiOx and ZnS|Ag|ZnS structures. By microstructuring such electrodes, or by incorporating a Cu|Ag bilayer as metal sheet at the core of the structure, it is possible to increase the optical performances by amplifying and expanding the spectral transmission window without degrading the high conductivity. The integration of SnOx|Ag|SnOx and TiOx|Ag|TiOx electrodes in inversed organic solar cells was undertaken. Very promising photoelectric results were obtained with the TiOx|Ag|TiOx structure which allows to reach performances close to that obtained with ITO-based reference cells
Bou, Adrien. "Electrodes multifeuillets de type oxyde/métal/oxyde à transparence accordable pour cellules solaires organiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4367.
Full textAmong all variants of photovoltaic thins films, organic solar cells generate a major industrial interest due to low manufacturing costs, reasonable levels of energy production and suitability to flexible substrates like plastic. ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) is the most used Transparent Conductive Electrode (TCE) for organic solar cells as well as other optoelectronic devices. However, this material is not without drawbacks (scarcity of indium, non-suitability to flexible substrates...), and the search for alternatives to ITO is actively pursued by the international scientific community. One possibility is offered by Oxide|Metal|Oxide multilayer structures. By reaching the thin metal layer percolation threshold and by varying its thickness, it is possible to obtain very high conductivity and transparency of this multilayer in the visible spectral range. The role of both oxide layers is to tune the position, intensity and width of the spectral transmission window by adjusting the oxides’ thicknesses. Coupled experimental and numerical works were lead in particularly on SnOx|Ag|SnOx, TiOx|Ag|TiOx and ZnS|Ag|ZnS structures. By microstructuring such electrodes, or by incorporating a Cu|Ag bilayer as metal sheet at the core of the structure, it is possible to increase the optical performances by amplifying and expanding the spectral transmission window without degrading the high conductivity. The integration of SnOx|Ag|SnOx and TiOx|Ag|TiOx electrodes in inversed organic solar cells was undertaken. Very promising photoelectric results were obtained with the TiOx|Ag|TiOx structure which allows to reach performances close to that obtained with ITO-based reference cells
Garuz, Richard. "Caractérisations optiques (LBIC, LBIV) et validation d’encres pour des cellules et des modules solaires photovoltaïques organiques." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0059/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis is related to the characterization of organic solar cells and is structured in three independant parts :- Within the IMPCELPHOTOR project, we developed an experimental bench based on LBIC/ LBIV mapping, in order to visualize and identify defects within OPV device and modules.- Within the European SPrinTronics project, we worked on the improvement of OPV electrodes. For the top electrode, we selected, tested, and validated metallic inks based on silver nanoparticles compatible with inkjet printing. For the bottom electrode, we tested silver nanowires and carbon nanotubes inks to replace ITO. Satisfactory results have been obtained with an ink based on silver nanowires, which allowed us to obtain functional semi-transparent cells on glass and plastic.- Within the PHASME project, we worked on the visual aspect of a coloured OPV device. We implemented various strategies to change the color of an OPV device without altering its photovoltaic performance, the aim being to achieve full color modules. Simultaneously, we developed a colorimetric software to control and predict the color rendering on the final device (OPV plus filter)
Archet, Florence. "Cellules solaires organiques à base de molécules bio-inspirées." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0400/document.
Full textTo face the growing needs in energy, renewable energies like solar photovoltaic represent realistic solutions. Photovoltaic energy requires efficient materials to absorb photons and to convert them into electricity. Organic solar cells (OSCs) are based on semiconducting π-conjugated polymer or small molecules. Current research in this field focuses on three main topics: the reduction of costs, the increase of device lifetime and the increase of power conversion efficiency. This last issue led to an increase in the complexity of OSCs architecture as well as organic semi-conductors, leading to anincrease in manufacturing costs. In order to develop sustainable and eco-friendly processes, it is now important to work on cost effective semi-conductors obtained fromgreen synthetic methodology. The aim of this thesis was to develop new bio-inspired organic semi-conductors. These materials are potentially low cost. Molecules studied present donor-acceptor-donor structure. They have the skeleton of curcumine. Curcumine is a natural yellow dye present in curcuma. Acceptor group is boron difluoride. Donor groups vary depending on the curcuminoid derivative. Optoelectronicproperties of seventeen semi-conductors were studied. Several of them stood out: those with anthracene groups, those with thiophene derivatives, finally and especially, those with triphenylamine groups. For this last family, the impact on the photovoltaic performances of the ink formulation used for deposition has been deeply studied. Several acceptor materials were tested, as well as ternary blend. For one curcuminoid derivative combined with PC61BM, efficiency above 4% has been achieved with open circuit voltage up to 1.0 V. Due to the very simple chemical structure of the donor, this represents one of the best result reported in literature to our knowledge. Transient species were also studied by ultrafast spectroscopy. The fabrication process was also changed to eliminate halogenated solvent and to enable processing in ambient air like in industrial process. Finally, photovoltaic properties observed are interesting. Nevertheless, they are not sufficient for industrial application due to low hole mobility in these materials
Labrunie, Antoine. "Matériaux « uniques » pour cellules solaires organiques mono-composant." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0044/document.
Full textOver the last few years, the development of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ OSCs) led to significant increase in photovoltaic (PV) efficiency. Such devices are based on interpenetrated networks of an electron-donor material (D) and an electron-acceptor material (A) constituting the active layer. Nevertheless a careful optimization of the morphology is required to reach high power conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this optimized morphology can evolve towards spontaneous phase segregation which can be detrimental for the PV performances. To circumvent these limitations, a relatively unexplored approach relies on the use of a material where the donor and the acceptor moieties are covalently linked to each other through a nonconjugated π-connector. In this context, the work reported herein describes the synthesis and characterization of various molecular D-σ-A assemblies, as well as their preliminary evaluation as “unique” material for the realisation of single component organic solar cells (SC-OSCs). A first family of dyads and triads, based on quaterthiophene moieties as donor block, was studied. A general methodology to assemble the two D and A blocks via a Huisgen-type click-chemistry is described. Then, in the next chapters, several dyads based on a “push-pull” donor block have been synthesized and characterized. The PV performances of these compounds have been evaluated in SC-OSCs leading to power conversion efficiency up to 1.4 %, a value close to the state of the art
Szymanski, Robin. "Vers l’industrialisation des cellules solaires organiques ternaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0298.
Full textOrganic photovoltaics (OPV) is a promising solar energy technology excluding the usage of rare elements and with low production costs. These multilayer OPV modules can be flexible, semi-transparent and with various colors enabling innovative usage in the urban landscape and on our everyday technological items. At lab scale, over the years, the power conversion efficiency of OPV cells grew up dramatically, especially thanks to the development of novel active layers, blends of two organic semiconductors, one electron donor and one electron acceptor (binary system). Recently, it has been shown that adding a third material in the active layer, forming a ternary blend, increases the performances. This strategy is of interest for the OPV industry by maintaining the low production costs of the modules. Therefore, this work aims to understand the role of this third component and to develop innovative active layers while respecting the industrial requirements for large-scale production. First, we focused on binary blends with PTQ10 and DT-PPDT2T-TT as polymeric donors. Promising efficiencies were achieved on these binary systems as a base for our ternary studies. We tried to increase the short circuit current by adding a third organic semiconductor with complementary light absorption. This approach was not successful because the fill factor dropped drastically. Thus, we focused on improving this parameter by adding the well-known fullerene acceptor PC61BM. This strategy enabled to increase the efficiency up to 10.3% in semi-industrial conditions with a non-toxic solvent and up to 14.7% in halogenated solvent. Morphological changes were responsible of charge transport improvement, which has proven to be one of the key factor in ternary blends. In addition, the open circuit voltage has been shown proportional to the weight ratio between both acceptors when they form an alloy. Based on these studies, we developed a predictive approach to assess the compatibility between the materials. Finally, ternary PTQ10:4TIC-4F:PC61BM devices turned out to be the most promising in terms of pre-industrialization and photostability
Tournebize, Aurélien. "Structure électronique et stabilité de matériaux pour le photovoltaïque organique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22654/document.
Full textThis word was devoted to the stability in various conditions of materials used in the active layer of organic solar cells. The main goals of this work were first to provide deeper understanding about complex mechanisms occurring in the active layer and second to investigate interfacial degradation pathways involving the active layer. A first part was dedicated to the photo and thermal stability of the polymer blend materials which constitute the active layer of the solar cells. A second section focused on the role of the third component of the active layer which can be undesired residual additives coming from the processing or the desired insertion of a stabilizer additive. A third part concerned the delamination issue which takes place at the active layer / hole transporting layer interface. Finally, a last section was devoted to the energy level alignment between the C60 molecules and various electron transporting substrates. The photo and thermal stability of the active layer / electron transporting layer interface was also studied in this section
Tebby, Zoé. "Cellules solaires hybrides organiques-inorganiques sur support souple." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13639/document.
Full textThis work aimed to develop dye-sensitized solar cells on plastic substrates. In this context, a new low-temperature method to make nanoporous oxide layers based on ultraviolet irradiation under air was studied. First of all, titanium dioxide layers were prepared with this method; the films obtained were composed of a mesoporous network of interconnected anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption and mercury porosimetries, and thermogravimetric analysis. After sensitizing the films with a ruthenium polypyridyl complex, the photovoltaic cells based on the films in contact with a liquid electrolyte gave conversion efficiencies between 1.6 and 2.5% depending on the nature of the particles used. This low-temperature method based on ultraviolet irradiation was then expanded to other oxides, such as zinc oxide and tin dioxide, as well as to core-shell structures. The conversion efficiencies obtained with tin dioxide were very high, i.e. 1.5 to 1.8%, compared to those usually reported in the literature for films sintered at high temperatures. The higher efficiencies obtained for the UV-treated films were related to higher open circuit potentials and higher fill factors. Therefore, the physical phenomena involved were investigated with various techniques; in particular, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open circuit voltage decay. Finally, the electrochromic performances of the low-temperature UV-processed nanoparticulate titanium dioxide films were studied on glass and plastic substrates with an ionic liquid. The coloration efficiencies were found to be comparable to those of high-temperature processed layers
Tebby, Zoé Toupance Thierry. "Cellules solaires hybrides organiques-inorganiques sur support souple." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/TEBBY_ZOE_2008.pdf.
Full textPerkhun, Pavlo. "Impression numérique de cellules solaires organiques utilisant des accepteurs nonfullerène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/210419_PERKHUN_703yd309zqcb447wlo967qvdfy_TH%20(1).pdf.
Full textOver the last decade, the development of so called non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) resulted in power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) exceeding 18%. The most important part of OSCs is the photoactive layer. Hence, the major subject of this thesis work was the development of high efficiency solar cells using ink-jet printing (IJP) of polymer blends based on NFA. A first part of the thesis work was dedicated to processing and device optimization of ITIC- derivatives and corresponding polymer donors such as PCE-12 and PCE-10. Additionally, the nanoscale morphology of NFA based blends was also studied in detail.In the second part of the thesis work to reach the requirements of IJP we studied the impact of the non-halogenated solvents processing of the NFA materials on the photoactive layer morphology. First, we identified o-xylene compatible congeners such as PM6 polymer and ITIC-4F acceptor to study the IJP of such photovoltaic blend in air using a semi-industrial printer allowing to obtain OSCs with the efficiency of 10.12%.In the last chapter of the thesis, the performance of OSCs processed by IJP and doctor blade were optimized for indoor light illumination. In the case of PM6:ITIC-4F blends, solar cells with an efficiency of 14.8% at 200 lux indoor illumination. The use of the polymer PTQ-10 combined with ITIC-4F could further boost the efficiency at 16% under the same illumination conditions
Darchy, Léa. "Nanotubes de carbones semi-conducteurs pour cellules solaires organiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00919656.
Full textSaid, Aurore. "Matériaux Nanohybrides à Large Bande Interdite: Études de Synthèses, Propriétés et Applications." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266833.
Full textPeres, Léo. "Cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels pour l'absorption de la lumière dans les cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0377/document.
Full textIn a solar cell, there is a trade-off between light absorption capacity and internal quantum efficiency. In organic semi conductors, charge carrier diffusion is limited to a few hundred nanometers, which implies to work with very thin active layers (< 100 nm). In order to limit the thickness of the material while keeping high light absorption, it is possible to use the properties of photonic crystals (PC) to enhance light matter interaction duration. It consists in forming a PC in or around the active layer, and to excite a resonant mode of the formed photonic structure. The work of this thesis is divided into several parts. In a first approach, using numerical tools, we investigate the phenomena that give rise to absorption enhancement when a plane wave is coupled to a resonant mode of a PC membrane. We then study a nano-structured cell architecture, in which the ITO electrode is periodically patterned, and we optimize absorption enhancement in the thin active layer (50 nm). Finally, in an experimental work, we fabricate two dimensional colloidal crystals formed by dielectric microsphere self assembly
Kelber, Julien. "Cristaux liquides colonnaires donneurs et accepteurs pour cellules solaires organiques." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628105.
Full textRaba, Adam. "Modélisation et simulation des réponses électriques de cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD012/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to study bulk heterojunction organic solar cells with a specific two dimensional model that takes into account an intermediate state specific to organic materials. The model is solved numerically by a finite element software. After its validation, it is compared to two existing approaches in the literature. The large number of parameters needed to describe the complex charge generation mechanism requires a robust parameter extraction algorithm, based on the operation of Markov chains, in order to extract these physical parameters from experimental characterizations. The model and the parameter extraction method are then used to study the charge dissociation mechanism of a cell with a newly synthesized molecule. Finally, the temperature evolution of P3HT : PCBM solar cells are simulated and compared to experimental measurements
Haas, Olivier. "Etude des défauts électriquement actifs dans les cellules solaires organiques." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=570d3f0e-b7f0-460b-acca-69de2d97f99f.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study organic solar cells using poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyrate de methyle (P3HT:PCBM) blend as a photoactive layer and to determine the trap parameters in these devices. First, we performed the spectroscopic and morphological characterizations of the polymer thin films and we studied their evolution after aging. The effficiencies of the solar cells using blends of different compositions as an active layer were then determined. For the materials used in this work, the best efficiency was obtained for the blend having a P3HT/PCBM ratio of 1. 25. Structural analyses of the blend films suggested that the cell efficiency depends on the organization of the nano-domains in the blend, which in turn is dependent of the solubility of the organic materials. Analysis of the current-voltage characteristics of the solar cells indicated a space charge limited conduction (SCLC) with a trap filling process. The defect study was completed by making use of the Thermally Stimuleted Current technique and the charge based Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy. The trap parameters were determined for devices using P3HT polymer and P3HT:PCBM blends of different compositions as a photoactive layer. The trap levels of the materials were determined and were compared to those reported in the literature. This study is a original work on the characterization of traps in organic solar cells by performing several techniques which are proved to be adapted for organic semiconductors
Bejbouji, Habiba. "Optimisation des matériaux des électrodes dans les diodes électroluminescentes organiques et les cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13897/document.
Full textThe optimization of hole injection materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) is reported. Water and organic solvent-based PANIs were used. We have studied the influence of the thickness, the morphology and the conductivity of PANI films in (OPVCs) performances. The results show that the conductivity and the thickness of the PANI film greatly affect (OLED) and (OPVCs) effectiveness. The dopant and the solvent used in the synthesis of PANI dispersion also play an important role. PANI and PEDOT dispersions as well as carbon nanotube were also used as electrodes without ITO. The effect of pH, conductivity, the work function, the nature of the dopant and the solvent in the injection property were analyzed
Bettignies, Rémi de. "Cellules photovoltai͏̈ques organiques dérivées de nouveaux systèmes conjugués." Angers, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00112847.
Full textPhotovoltaic cells based on organic semi-conductors are a focus of increasing research effort motivated by the possibility to realize larfe area, light-weight and low-cost flexible solar cells taking advantage of the processability of organic materials. Besides environmental constraints and the predictable exhausting of fossil energy resources, the strong renewal of interest for organic PV conversion has been boosted by the large improvement of the conversion efficiency of organic solar cells accomplished in recent years. The first part of this work consisted in elaborating a reliable experimental protocol allowing the evaluation of new organic semiconducting materials donors and acceptors intended for the realization of solar cells of type heterojunction. The realization of cells based on copper phthalocyanin (CuPc) and of C60, besides already described in the literature, allowed us to validate a set of protocols of elaboration and characterization of the cells. These procedures were then applied to the evaluation of a series of acceptors derived of perylene in cells containing the CuPc as the donor. This second stage allowed us to select two compounds as model acceptors whom we used for the suite of this work. The third and last part of this work concerned the realization of heterojunctions base on new hybrid conjugated oligomeres derived of three basic structures : terthiophene, quaterthiophene and quinquethiophene. We've first tried to establish correlations between the chemical structure of the donors and some of the electric characteristics of the cells. Finally, the experiences of this systematic study contributed to the conception and to the synthesis of new star shaped oligothiophenes acting as donor, by means of whom we were able to realize solar cells which appear among the most effective obtained until now from oligo- and from polythiophenes
Schirr-Bonnans, Martin. "Fonctionnalisation de surfaces et d'interfaces dans les cellules solaires organiques imprimées." Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO4005.
Full textThis work is part of a partnership between the company DISASOLAR and the University of Limoges (whose common goal is to develop. . . ) in the development of a know-how in the printing of organic photovoltaic solar cells on plastic substrates. Organic solar cells with a classic structure show certain life-time limitations due to the structure itselfs as well as to the materials used, in particular PEDOT:PSS. Thus, the first goal is to replace this interfacial polymer with metallic oxides like Tungsten, Vanadium or Molybdenum oxides. In order to do so, they are tested in cells by evaporation before being integrated via a liquid coating (sol-gel or nanoparticles dispersion) to prepare for their printing. The second goal is to adapt each step of the production process to make them compatible with a plastic substrate. To improve the reliability of the process and the cell's stability, we introduce the inverted structure. However, the performance of solar cells on plastic subtrates remains weaker than their counterparts on glass substrates. To reduce this difference, we look to the integration of dipolar layer in order to improve the charge transfer between the different materials. By carefully choosing the direction and the intensity of the grafted molecule's dipolar momentum we increase the power conversion efficiency of our solar cells on plastic substrates by up to 25%
Richet, Marina. "Cellules photovoltaïques organiques sur substrat flexible avec électrode supérieure transparente." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0035.
Full textAn organic solar cell is made of a photoactive layer sandwiched between two electrodes among which one at least is transparent. Usually, solar cells are illuminated through the tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) bottom transparent electrode. Nevertheless, many applications like automobile requiring illumination from above the module, we designed photovoltaic cells on a flexible substrate, with an opaque bottom electrode and a top transparent one. Two types of architectures were developed. At first, the final organic solar cell was fully deposited by solution-process with both electrodes made of ink-jet printed PEDOT:PSS. Then the cells were elaborated on a silver bottom electrode with a transparent evaporated oxide/metal/oxide (MoO3/Ag/MoO3) top electrode. The organic solar cells made according to the second structure were connected in series to create an organic photovoltaic module. It allowed to power and shine a white LED
Jarboui, Adel. "Elaboration, caractérisation et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques des matériaux conducteurs pour les cellules photosolaires organiques solides." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC160.
Full textIn this work, we have develop dye sensitized solar cens namely Grâtzel cells (DSSC), where we have replaced the 1371" redox couple used as hole transporting material (HTM), by a conducting polymer (CP) generated using in situ electro¬assisted photopolymerization (PEP). The use of a CP as HTM, nor the production of CP by PEP of oxidizable monomer do not constitute a novelty. However, innovation in our work consists of two points: i)Use of water as a solvent for the first time, instead of organic ones (acetonitrile) to generate the PC by PEP. The water lowers drastically the oxidation potential of the organic monomers. This lowering of oxidation potential allows to use a commercial monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene instead of its dimer much more expensive, which is used hitherto in for the PEP process because of its low oxidation potential. Ii)Use of purely organic dyes to achieve the PEP process allowing a significant improve of the performance of these cells. Ru-based organometallic dyes were found to be less stable and therefore less effective in the PEP process in both media. The results of our work are unreleased and with this ecological, innovative and easy-to-implement method, we have obtained cells having good yields and the cost of which can be significantly reduced by the use of an organic dye of low-cost synthesis. The redox potentials of each of these two dyes. It emerges that: i) the use of the aqueous medium used to prepare the polymer PEP EDOT monomer, which is almost impossible in organic medium, and ii) that the two parameters to be considered to perform a process in situ PEP leading to a good conductive polymer, are the oxidation potential (or rather of the beginning of oxidation) of the monomer and the redox potential of the dye; the former must be lower than the second. The fourth chapter of the manuscript corresponding to the fourth publication. - Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) and Metal-Free Organic Dyes Two organic dyes and the D35 D21L6 tested and yields of cells obtained are compared with those obtained from to tell-based PEDOP obtained using the Z907. All redox potentials of these dyes are higher than the oxidation potential of EDOP, which is favorable for E CEP in situ process of this monomer. The DSSCs based D35 gives a yield (4. 34%) higher than the yield of cell-based D21L6 (3. 05%) and performance of cells made of Z907 (0. 46%). This difference is attributed to the difference in redox potential of these dyes (D35 1. 16V / SHE D21L6 1. 10 V / V 1. 05 Z907 and ESH / ESH) following the same order of photoconversion efficiencies corresponding DSCs. These results confirm that the oxidation potential of the monomer and the redox potential of the dye are the two parameters that govern the efficiency of a PEP process on a TiO2 electrode modified with a dye and therefore have a direct influence on the photo-conversion efficiency of DSSCs. The manuscript ends with a conclusion in which Mr. Jarboui summarizes the results and presents perspectives. It proposes to continue to study the DSCs with the addition of additives that can improve yields or other monomers low oxidatior potential. These monomers can be studied to improve hole transport in solids DSSCs; eg polycarbazole known for his good character carrier holes
Bucher, Léo. "Synthèse d'oligomères et de polymères enrichis en porphyrines pour la conversion de l'énergie solaire." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK042/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to elaborate new electron donor materials for organic solarcells. This emerging photovoltaic technology is rapidly expanding, and has yet already reached the limit for its large-scale commercialization. The low manufacturing cost of organic photovoltaic devices make then competitive face to well-established inorganic technologies. Their biggest advantage is their weight and their mechanical properties which make them flexible. They should play a key role in future as a complement to classic solar cells, with their use in specific applications. We developed polymers by using different chomophores, well-known for their interesting photophysical properties: the porphyrin, the BODIPY and the diketopyrrolopyrrole. All these units intensively absorb the light, making them perfect candidates to be used to convert sunlight to electricity. By designing appropriate structures for this application, we synthesized several new promising polymers. Afterward, we studied their electrochemical and electronic properties, as well as their photophysics. We used powerful tools (streak camera, transient absorption, etc.) in order to understand in details their absorption and luminescence properties. These results enabled us to further understand their behavior once inside the active layer of photovoltaic devices. Indeed, the mechanism for the electric current creation involves ultrafast electron transfers (∼50 fs) toward electron acceptor. It is of utmost importance to understand and control parameters that could affect the electron transfer efficiency and the resulting charge stabilization, to finally lead to better power conversion efficiencies
Godfroy, Maxime. "Modulation des propriétés optoélectroniques de colorants organiques pour des applications en cellules photovoltaïques hybrides." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV031.
Full textDuring one hour, the Earth receives solar energy which is equivalent to one year of the world energy consumption. For this reason, photovoltaic cells that convert photons to electricity, have a key role to play in the energetic transition imposed by climate change. Dye-sensitized solar cells are one of the emergent technologies that have already been used at the industrial scale in a few examples of building integrating. They represent an esthetic and low-cost alternative compared to silicon solar cells. These hybrid cells also named « Grätzel cells » use a nanostructured inorganic semi-conductor where a dye is grafted onto the surface and acts as a sensitizer. This dye injects electrons after photo-excitation in the oxide. The dye is regenerated by a redox couple present in a liquid electrolyte or a hole transport material that are themselves regenerated by the counter electrode. In this context, this work presents studies about some of the cell constituents (from the semi-conductor to the dye regenerating system). The major part of this thesis concerns the synthesis and the advanced characterization of organic semi-conductors, dyes or hole transport materials, and the study of the structure/properties relations. In particular, the replacement, the substitution, or the rigidification of some functional groups in these structures were achieved and their influence on the properties of the new molecules were studied. The synthesized dyes present maxima of the absorption band at the lowest energy between 440 nm and 610 nm. Energy levels of the new organic materials were determined by cyclic voltammetry and also calculated and localized using the quantum chemistry. Some of the compounds were studied by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. After a complete characterization, these materials were integrated in dye-sensitized photovoltaic devices using a liquid electrolyte to achieve high efficiencies up to 9,78 % using a single dye and up to 10,90 % in the case of the co-sensitization of TiO2 with two dyes. Certain dyes have demonstrated state-of-the-art efficiencies at 7,81 % by replacing the liquid electrolyte by an ionic liquid electrolyte. Moreover, the use of some of the dyes in these last devices was carried out and found to have an excellent stability with a loss of initial efficiency included between 7 % and 38 % after 7000 hours of continuous illumination at 1000 W.m-2 at 65 °C. Finally, first tests were also realized in solid state devices that showed an efficiency of 4,5 % with a reference hole transport material opening new application perspectives after optimizations. In parallel, the new synthesized hole transport materials in this work were effective in perovskite-based cells
Braunger, Maria Luisa. "Fabrication et caractérisations électriques de films minces pour les cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3009/document.
Full textIn the area of organic photovoltaics, there is a continuous effort to improve the efficiency of the devices. In order to reach this goal, it is necessary to evaluate the characteristics that influence their performance. Although thin films of conjugated polymers (polythiophene derivatives and low bandgap polymers) have been widely investigated for applications in photovoltaic devices, few studies relate the influence of the nanostructuring of the films in such devices. In this context, the general objective of this work was to analyze the influence of deposition technique of thin films of polythiophene derivatives in organic photovoltaic devices. The Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) technique was compared to the more common spin-coating. The polythiophene films were characterized by electrical transport measurements (current vs. voltage, photoconductivity, cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy), optical spectroscopy (UV-visible and fluorescence) and morphologicaltechniques (atomic force and Brewster angle microscopies, and perfilometry). From the direct current electrical measurements, it could be observed that the LS films are more conducting than the spin-coating ones. From the morphologic point of view, the deposition technique revealed itself to influence on the photovoltaic device’s performance, due to the organization and nanostructuring provided by the LS technique. Preliminary studies were also undertaken on thin films made of low bandgap polymers based on cyclopentadithiophene by using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique
Na área de fotovoltaicos orgânicos há um esforço contínuo no aumento da eficiência dos dispositivos. Para alcançar esse objetivo, é necessária a avaliação das características que influenciam seu desempenho. Embora filmes finos de polímeros conjugados (derivados do politiofeno e polímeros de baixo bandgap) tenham sido amplamente estudados para aplicação em dispositivos fotovoltaicos, são encontrados poucos estudos investigando a influência da nanoestruturação dos filmes nestes dispositivos. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi analisar a influencia da técnica de deposição de filmes finos de derivados do politiofeno em um dispositivo fotovoltaico orgânico. Para isto utilizamos a técnica de Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) em comparação à técnica spin-coating comumente utilizada. Os filmes de politiofeno foram caracterizados por medidas de transporte elétrico (corrente vs. tensão, fotocondutividade, voltametria cíclica e espectroscopia de impedância), espectroscopia óptica (UV-visível e fluorescência) e técnicas morfológicas (microscopias de força atômica e de ângulo de Brewster, e perfilometria). Através das medidas elétricas em corrente contínua observou-se que os filmes LS apresentam maior condutividade elétrica quando comparados com filmes spin-coating. Do ponto de vista morfológico, a técnica de deposição utilizada mostrou ter influencia no desempenho do dispositivo fotovoltaico, devido à organização e nanoestruturação provida pela técnica LS. Estudos preliminares foram também realizados em filmes finos de polímeros de baixo bandgap baseados em ciclopentaditiofeno usando a técnica de Langmuir-Blodgett
De, Sousa Samuel. "Ingéniérie, synthèse et étude de chromophores organiques et organométalliques pour cellules solaires à colorant." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952228.
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