Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellule vegetale'
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ROSZAK, ROBERT. "Etude de l'hypothese d'une endocytose du complexe t par la cellule vegetale." Amiens, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AMIE0110.
Full textAndrianarison, Rivo-Hery. "Métabolisme des acides gras polyinsaturés dans les cellules végétales : rôles catalytiques de la lipoxygénase, de l'hydropéroxyde lyase et de la triène-synthétase." Limoges, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIMO301A.
Full textPascal, Nadine. "Quelques observations sur les effets d'une carence de fer sur la cellule végétale non chlorophyllienne." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10165.
Full textWaffo, Teguo Pierre. "Production de polyphénols par culture in vitro de cellules de vigne : isolement des catéchines et d'un stilbène." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P089.
Full textSeilhean, Véronique. "La cellule apicale d'une pteridophyte, nephrolepis biserrata (sw. ) schott : modifications de la structure nucleaire en fonction de l'activite cellulaire." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066621.
Full textPetel, Gilles. "Etude comparee chez le tubercule dormant et non dormant de topinambour (helianthus tuberosus l. ) de l'atpase et du systeme transporteur d'electrons lies au plasmalemme de la cellule parenchymateuse." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF21023.
Full textRontein, Denis. "Métabolisme intermédiaire dans des cellules végétales : de l'expression des gènes de la phosphoénolpyruvate carboxylase à la régulation de son flux." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28811.
Full textBELCOUR, BEATRICE. "Etude de la production d'irone par traitement bacterien de rhizome d'iris et par culture de cellules et d'organes vegetaux." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN1XXXX.
Full textMosiniak-Bessoles, Michèle. "Contribution a l'etude des oscillations spontanees de l'assemblage cellulosique dans les parois des cellules vegetales." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066189.
Full textCOUCHY, ISABELLE. "Recherche de proteines associees a la morphodynamique de l'appareil de golgi dans les cellules vegetales." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112017.
Full textRaveton, Muriel. "Biodisponibilité de l'atrazine chez le maïs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10049.
Full textMancuso, Rossella <1982>. "Immunoconiugati contenenti tossine vegetali o siRNA per la deplezione selettiva di cellule leucemiche. Preparazione, citotossicità e studi di mutagenesi sito-specifica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4507/.
Full textEBEL, CHANTAL. "Role du calcium dans la transduction du signal des cellules vegetales exprimant l'aequorine : reponse aux eliciteurs et expression differentielle des tubulines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13090.
Full textTonoli, Gustavo Henrique Denzin. "Fibras curtas de Eucalipto para novas tecnologias em fibrocimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-18022010-142936/.
Full textThis work evaluates the advantages of using hardwood short fibre pulp (Eucalyptus) as alternative to softwood long fibre pulp (Pinus) and synthetic fibres, traditionally used in reinforcement of cement based materials. The effects of cellulose fibre morphology (e.g., length, width, fibrillation, content of fines and number of fibres per gram) on the processing, on the mechanical and physical performance and on the microstructure of fibre-cement composites were evaluated. Composites were evaluated before and after accelerated ageing cycles. Eucalyptus pulp fibres were better dispersed in the cement matrix and provided higher number of fibres per unitary weight or volume, in relation to Pinus long fibre pulp. The short reinforcing elements lead to an effective crack bridging of the fragile matrix, which contributes to the improvement of the mechanical performance of the composite after ageing. These promising results show the potential of eucalyptus short fibres for reducing costs by both the partial replacement of expensive synthetic fibres in air curing process and the energy savings during pulp refining. The effects of pulp bleaching were also evaluated, and showed that Eucalyptus bleached fibres are more reactive to bond with the cement matrix by hydrogen bonds. Bleached fibres improved the fibre-matrix interface, although they presented more signals of fibre mineralization. Mechanical refining was used to change the morphological properties of Eucalyptus and Pinus pulps. Results show that high levels of refining were necessary for Pinus pulp to obtain cement retention values similar to those obtained by unrefined Eucalyptus pulp. The mechanical refining increased the capacity of the fibres to capture the mineral particles improving the adherence of the fibres with the matrix. This improved fibre-matrix interface led to better mechanical properties at 28 days of cure, but turned brittle the composites after 200 ageing cycles. The chemical surface modification of cellulose pulp fibres was done in order to improve fibre-matrix bonding and to decrease fibre mineralization into the composite. Surface modification of the cellulose pulps was performed with Methacryloxypropyltri-methoxysilane (MPTS) and Aminopropyltri-ethoxysilane (APTS) and showed significant influence on the microstructure of the composites. Accelerated ageing cycles decreased modulus of rupture (MOR) and toughness (TE) of the composites with unmodified and modified fibres, however composites reinforced with MPTS-modified fibres presented fibres free from cement hydration products, while APTS-modified fibres presented accelerated mineralization. Higher mineralization of the fibres led to higher embrittlement of the composite after accelerated ageing cycles. These observations are therefore very useful for understanding the contribution of the different fibre conditions (chemical composition, mechanical strength, morphology and surface properties) to the mechanisms of fibre-matrix adherence, fibre mineralization and degradation of fibre-cement composites.
Auriac, Marie-Christine. "Contribution a l'etude de la penetration des sucres dans les cellules accumulatrices chez le crosne du japon (stachys sieboldi miq. )." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF21049.
Full textMarenda, Marc. "Une nouvelle voie de regulation du systeme de secretion de proteines de type iii chez ralstonia solanacearum en presence de cellules vegetales." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30064.
Full textNHIRI, MOHAMMED. "Etude quantitative des activites nucleotidases des cellules vegetales : - role dans la regulation de la charge energetique; - presence et fonctionnement dans le tonoplaste." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112247.
Full textSilva, Thaís Cristina Ribeiro da. "Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying root sucker formation in Arabidopsis lyrata." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/16347.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A organogênese de brotos a partir de raízes (rootsuckers) permite a propagação vegetativa daArabidopsis lyrata, o parente mais próximo daArabidopsis thaliana. Utilizando um sistema in vitro, o presente estudo objetivou compreender melhor a propagação vegetativa nessa espécie modelo A. lyrata, no que se refere ao desenvolvimento morfológico de suckers, à capacidade de propagação vegetativa em diferentes condições de crescimento in vitro e à identificação de genes potencialmente envolvidos na formação do meristema apical dos brotos.O surgimentodos suckers ocorreu após 30 dias, mais freqüentemente na região axilar das raízes laterais. Os cortes transversais das raízes mostraram uma estrutura primária típica diarca e após cerca de 25 dias, pode-se observar o crescimento secundário da raiz, como indicado pela formação do câmbio. Conclui-se que a emergência do sucker assemelha-se à iniciação das raízes laterais a partir do periciclo, tecido que dá origem ao câmbio vascular durante o crescimento secundário. Em relação às condições de crescimento in vitro, a força total no meio MS induziu o maior número de suckers por planta, seguido por alta concentração de sacarose (3%).Exposição à luz e privação de sacarose não são estritamente necessários para a formação de suckers. Nossos dados também revelaram que a auxina promove a formação dos brotos. Máximas de auxina vascular são necessários para desencadear a iniciação da raiz lateral, sugerindo que a formação de suckers promovida por auxina ocorre provavelmente por mecanismos semelhantes. A avaliação de diferentes genes relacionados a meristema apical, demonstram que o gene STM pode ser um marcador para distinguir as células responsáveis pela formação de suckers. Arabidopsis lyrata provou ser um excelente modelo para estudos de organogênese em raíz e posteriores estudos usando esse sistema de reproduçãopara detectar marcadores epigenéticos através das várias gerações de propagação clonal.
Shoot organogenesis from roots (root suckers) allows vegetative propagation of Arabidopsis lyrata, the closest relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, in addition to sexual propagation and is an important trait associated with the root system. Using an in vitro system, we aimed to better understand the vegetative propagation in the model species A. lyrata, in what regards the morphological development of root suckers, the ability of vegetative propagation in different in vitro growth conditions, and identifying genes potentially involved in the formation of the new shoot apical meristem.Root sucker appearanceoccurred after30 days,most frequently in the axils of lateral roots. Root cross-sections showed a typical diarch primary structure and after 25 days, secondary root growth could be observed, as indicated by formation of the cambium. According to our data,root sucker emergence resembles the initiation of lateral roots from the pericycle, the tissue that gives rise to the vascular cambium during secondary growth. Regarding the in vitro growth conditions, full strength of MS induced the highest number of root suckers per plant, followed 3% of sucrose. However, light exposure and sucrose deprivation are not strictly required for sucker formation. Our data also revealed that auxin promotes root suckering. Vascular auxin response maxima are required to trigger lateral root initiation, suggesting that auxin- promoted sucker formation likely occurs by similar mechanisms. The evaluation of different shoot apical meristem related genes, suggests that the STM gene can be a potential marker to identify cells responsible in driving sucker formation. Arabidopsis lyrata proved to be an excellent model for further studies using root suckers, for example to study epigenetic marks throughout generations of clonal propagation.
Belin, Christophe. "Structure et fonctions de la protéine kinase OST1 dans la cellule de garde d'Arabidopsis thaliana." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167031.
Full textSALVA, ISABELLE. "Etude de la region promotrice du gene ext 1. 4 codant pour une proteine structurale de la paroi primaire des cellules vegetales de tabac, l'extensine." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13179.
Full textSCHMIT, BENNER ANNE-CATHERINE. "Le cytosquelette tubuline / f-actine de cellules de plantes superieures : identification, dynamique et interactions in vivo, en interphase et en mitose." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13123.
Full textCarvalho, Humberto Henrique de. "Função fisiologica e molecular da proteína BiP em eventos de morte cellular programada em plantas." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9921.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
A proteína BiP demonstra participar da imunidade inata e atenuar eventos de morte cellular induzido por estresse do retículo endoplasmático (RE) e osmótico. Plantas transgências com níveis elevados de BiP foram utilizadas para avaliar se BiP controla o desenvolvimento e morte culular porgramada (PCD) hipersensitiva. Sob condições normais, o transcriptoma induzido por BIP revelou uma robusta regulação negativa de genes envolvidos em PCD hipersensitiva e uma regulação positiva de genes relacionados a patógenos. A superexpressão de BIP atrasou a senescência foliar e acelerou a PCD hipersensitiva disparada por Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato em plantas de soja e tabaco monitoradas por marcadores de PCD em plantas. O atraso da senescência foliar mediada por BiP correlacionou com a atenuação do sinal de morte celular mediada por proteínas ricas em asparagina (NRP) e inibição da ativação da resposta a proteínas mal dobradas (UPR). Além disso, sob ativação biológica da sinalização ácido salicílico (SA) e PCD hipersensitiva, a superexpressão de BiP inibiu antagonicamente a via UPR. Assim a indução de sinais de morte celular induzidas por NRP e mediadas por AS ocorre por uma via distinta da UPR. Os dados indicam que durante a PCD hipersensitiva, BiP regula positivamente a sinalização de morte celular mediada por NRP por meio de um mecanismo indefinido que é ativado por sinalização de AS e relacionado ao funcionamento do RE. Em contraste, a regulação negativa de BiP durante a senescência foliar pode ser ligada a capacidade de mediar a ativação de UPR e sinais de morte celular mediada por NRP. Assim, BiP pode funcionar como regulador positivo ou negativo de eventos de morte ceular.
The binding protein (BiP) has been demonstrated to participate in innate immunity and attenuate ER- and osmotic-stress-induced cell death. Here, we employed transgenic plants with manipulated levels of BiP to assess whether BiP also controlled developmental and hypersensitive programmed cell death (PCD). Under normal conditions, the BiP-induced transcriptome revealed a robust down-regulation of the genes involved in developmental PCD and an up-regulation of the genes involved in hypersensitive PCD triggered by non-host- pathogen interactions. Accordingly, BiP overexpression delayed leaf senescence and accelerated the hypersensitive PCD triggered by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in soybeans and tobacco, as monitored by measuring hallmarks of PCD in plants. The BiP- mediated delay of leaf senescence correlated with the attenuation of N-rich protein (NRP)- mediated cell death signaling and the inhibition of the senescence-associated activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In contrast, under biological activation of SA signaling and hypersensitive PCD, BiP overexpression further induced NRP-mediated cell death signaling and antagonistically inhibited the UPR. Thus, the SA-mediated induction of NRP cell-death signaling occurs via a pathway distinct from UPR. Our data indicate that during the hypersensitive PCD, BiP positively regulates the NRP cell-death signaling through a yet undefined mechanism that is activated by SA signaling and related to ER functioning. In contrast, BiP’s negative regulation of leaf senescence may be linked to the its capacity to mediate the UPR activation and NRP cell death signaling. Therefore, BiP can function either as a negative or positive regulator of PCD events.
Tese enviada pela secretaria do curso por e-mail, em 28-03-17
Canut, Hervé. "Proteolyse intracellulaire chez les vegetaux superieurs : role du compartiment vacuolaire." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30030.
Full textLuque, Alejandro E. "La réplication de l'ADN nucléaire dans la cellule de blé : étude des facteurs réplicatifs et mise en place d'un système viral de réplication végétale." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28637.
Full textGutmanis, Gunta. "Modulação do gene ugp e análise das alterações na composição dos carboidratos da parede celular primária e secundária de Nicotiana tabacum e Eucalyptus grandis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-16072008-124306/.
Full textAssossiating technologies like transgenesis, genomics and proteomics with conventional forestry breeding can accelerate the process of obtaining new trees with specific wood properties for the paper and pulp industry. Plant cell wall is extremely important for this industry, providing polysaccharides like cellulose and hemicelluloses. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase, EC 2.7.7.9) is a key enzyme producing UDP-glucose, an important forerunner for nucleotide sugars that constitute the monomers of these polysaccharides. The goal in this work was to clone the cDNAs that encode UGPase, extracted from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber, and eucalypt (Eucalyptus grandis) root, and transfer through genetic transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, respectively, in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants and eucalypts, in order to change the carbon flux, increasing the pentosans (arabinose and xylose) content. Higher pentosans content is economicaly important for the paper and pulp industry, as decreases energy consumption at pulp refining and also can benefit paper quality that becomes more resistant to rip. The impact of the ugp gene overexpression over tobacco and eucalypt plants obtained through genetic transformation were morphological and biochemicaly evaluated. Southern blot analysis showed one to four copies of the transgene in the genomic DNA of ten tobacco T2 lines, and one copy in one eucalypt T0 line. The qPCR analysis showed that all tobacco T2 lines expressed exogenous ugp gene, being the expression level in four of them biger than the others. Lines that expressed less exogenous ugp gene, with exception of one of them, equally had less endogenous ugp gene expression level, suggesting that in these lines, some kind of regulation acted changing the gene expression. The transgenic tobacco lines were morphologicaly similar to the control plants when compared for total height, internode lenght, total leaf area, stem diameter and root dry mass. Alterations in transgenics tobacco plants, in relation to controls, checked by chemical analysis, were statisticaly more significants in the pith, where the monosaccharides and uronic acids contents increased. The few diferences founded in the xilematic tissue sugest that the plant, somehow, tends to change less the secondary cell wall composition than the primary wall. They also suggest that the carbohydrate metabolism can affect lignin content, thought it\'s sintetizaded in another metabolic pathway. The primary cell wall, evaluated using tobbaco plants pith and eucalypt leaves, showed an increase in pentosanas content, that wasn\'t observed analising tobacco seedlings.
Ripoll, Camille. "Modèles compartimentaux de cellules végétales : influence de la croissance sur les flux." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES010.
Full textBarreiros, Ricardo Marques. "Modificações na qualidade da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis causadas pela adubação com lodo de esgoto tratado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-03042006-152746/.
Full textEucalyptus grandis is the most planted species in Brazil due to its wood productivity and quality. Several studies have evaluated the effect of fertilization on productivity of forest plantations, but few evaluated this silvicultural practice on wood quality, especially to hardwood species. Recently, the sewage sludge has been used as fertilizer in forest plantations. In this paper, the effect of growing rates of treated sewage sludge (biosolid) (0 to 40 Mg ha-1 dry base) and one rate of mineral fertilizer on anatomical, chemical, physical attributes and pulping of Eucalyptus grandis wood were evaluated. The trees were with five years old. The experimental area locates at Itatinga county, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The soil in the area was characterized as a Red- Yellow Latosol Dystrophic (clay = 120 g kg-1 at 0-20 cm layer). The climate was characterized as a humid mesothermic (Cwa), according to the classification of Köeppen. The plots were established in a randomized complete block design, with 6 treatments and 4 replicates. Each plot consisted of 100 trees (10 x 10), planted at a spacing of 3.0 m x 2.0 m. Tree growth was measured In all plots as: height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and volume of wood. Samples of 8 trees belonging to more often DBH were collected. Of each tree were removed 5 disks (4 cm thick) at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the commercial height. From each disk barked were removed four wedges of 90º. The first wedge was used for the determination of the basic density, the second and third gave origin to composed samples for tree used for pulping analyses and sawdust production, respectively; and the fourth wedge was maintained as reservation. The physical, chemical and anatomical characterization and the wood pulping were made in agreement with the norms of the Brazilian Pulp and Paper Technical Association, Brazilian Technical Norms Association and Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. The sewage sludge reduced the basic density of wood, which was related to the decrease of the wall thickness of the fibers. The cellulose content was not modified. The decrease of wood density promoted by sewage sludge application was compensated by increase of wood growth. The rough yield gravimetric of the pulping increased and the kappa number reduced with the sewage sludge application. The calorific power of the wood was not altered. The sewage sludge reduced the transition elements content (Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) in the wood, what maybe a beneficial effect because imply in minor consume of reagents during the pulp bleaching.
Picquot, Pascal. "Purification et caracterisation in vitro de la tubuline de plantes superieures extraite de cellules d'albumen (haemanthus, clivia) : correlations avec son activite cytosquelettique, in vivo." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13187.
Full textCartier, Nicole. "Les polysaccharides de la paroi primaire des cellules de Rubus fruticosus cultivées en suspension : intervention des polyosidases endogènes dans leur réarrangement au cours de la croissance." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10058.
Full textMajerus, Florence. "Production d'alcaloides par des suspensions de catharanthus roseus : mise en oeuvre de cellules immobilisées dans un gel d'alginate." Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0046.
Full textEL, SHAMI MAHMOUD. "Etude de la division plastidiale chez les plantes superieures : analyse de l'expression des genes ftsz au cours du cycle cellulaire de cellules by2 de nicotiana tabacum." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10146.
Full textMohamed, A. S. Mohamed. "Influence de la valorisation de microfibres végétales sur la formation et la résistance aux cycles de gel-dégel de BAP." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0550/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of introducing vegetable based microfibers, resulting from cardboard recycling, in self compacting concrete SCC, and especially their influence on the frost durability. An experimental methodology has been developed for SCC formulation based on following requirements: class of environmental exposure XF2, slump flow Dmoy = 68 ± 2 cm. It is based also on the maximum packing theory for the determination of solid particles content and the method of concrete equivalent mortar, CEM, for superplasticizer dosage. Starting from the SCC of reference composition, vegetable based microfibers were introduced at six different volumetric percentages related to cement volume. A campaign of experimental tests performed on fibred CEM showed that the introduction of microfibers at a volumetric dosage between 21% and 41% improved physical and mechanical properties. On the SCC scale, the experimental results have shown that fibred SCC at previous dosages, FSCC 21% and FSCC 41%, have porosity and permeability lower than the SCC of reference and consequently higher mechanical properties. Frost resistance of , SCC of reference, FSCC 21% and a SCC formulated with an air-entraining as well as two vibrated concretes, the first of reference and second containing 15% microfibers by volume of cement, was studied by subjecting them to freeze-thaw cycles according to NF P18-425. The results show that microfibers added concretes are more susceptible to frost damage. The harmful effect of vegetable based microfibers is explained by their hydrophilic nature associated to a low permeability of fibred concrete. Furthermore, the role of aggregates on the frost sensitivity was discussed. It was concluded that the porous and fragile lime aggregates should be avoided in concrete intended for cold climate
Cochet, Thierry. "Caracterisation et expression de l'etat de sensibilite a l'acide gibberellique des cellules apicales de silene armeria l. , race s : :(2-1) (caryophyllacees)." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066155.
Full textBERTHALON, ETIENNE. "Regulation de la voie de biosynthese de l'ethylene dans les cellules de tabac en culture sous l'effet d'eliciteurs fongiques." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30236.
Full textAlliotte, Thierry. "Contribution a l'etude de l'expression genetique chez la plante : identification et caracterisation de quatre genes presentant un profil d'expression remarquable." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077001.
Full textDusotoit-Coucaud, Anaïs. "Caractérisations physiologique et moléculaire des transporteurs de sucres et de polyols des cellules laticifères chez "Hevea brasiliensis", en relation avec la production de latex." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725589.
Full textFiori, Celso Spada. "Identificação e caracterização de componentes da via de transdução de sinais do peptídeo hormonal RALF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-20102010-111024/.
Full textThe peptide hormone research has begun during the 90s decade with the systemin discovery. Nowadays several peptides have already been identified, and some of them are further characterized. The involvement of these molecules with a range of basic and specific biological functions has raised the scientific communitys interest. Among the peptides being studied, the RALF family is particularly intriguing. The RALF peptides can be found throughout the plant kingdom, from the moss Physcomitrella patens to the mono and dicot plant groups. The conserved occurrence of these peptides along the plant kingdom suggests an important role in the plant physiology field. Recent evidences indicate that RALF plays a role in basic mechanisms of plant development. The RALF mechanism of action and its perception by the cell are fundamental information in order to characterize this peptide function. In the present work experiments to identify RALF interacting proteins were employed. The results indicate that RALF peptides activity is possibly regulated by the calcium ion. This regulation is mediated by the interaction with a calcium binding protein. This calcium binding protein was found to be secreted to the apoplast. Presented data suggests that RALF is regulated by a mechanism never described before in the plant hormone research field. As previously described in animals and yeast the RALF propeptide processing takes place in a dibasic site. A single amino acid site specific mutation disrupted peptide processing in vivo and in vitro. The correct processing is mediated by proteases of the Arabidopsis microsomal fraction. This processing seems to occur at the endomembrane system, possibly catalized by a convertase class enzyme. The published results points the beginning of the peptide processing studies in plants.
Troton, Didier. "Modifications de la composition lipidique des thylakoides intervenant au cours de l'adaptation d'euglena gracilis au diuron." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077169.
Full textZink, Olivier. "Identification de l'HPP oxydase d'Arthrobacter globiformis et de la 4-HPA 1-hydroxylase de Pseudomonas acidovorans : étude du métabolisme de la tyrosine par des cellules végétales en utilisant la 13C-RMN." Grenoble 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10192.
Full textBoulahrouf, Abderrahmane. "La microflore responsable de la degradation des polyosides parietaux dans le gros intestin de la souris et du lapin : etude ecologique, facteurs de la colonisation, effets de la concentration en cellulose du regime, caracterisation des especes et activites in vitro." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21114.
Full textKougan, Nkwokap Guy Beddos. "Isolement et caractérisation des saponosides de trois plantes de la famille des araliaceae et dracaenaceae et évaluation de leurs activités cytotoxiques sur cellules tumorales." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841944.
Full textFortes, Caio. "Produtividade de cana-de-açúcar em função da adubação nitrogenada e da decomposição da palhada em ciclos consecutivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-03112010-005326/.
Full textThis work aimed to relate the agroindustrial yield of sugarcane with nitrogen (N) fertilization in successive cropping cycles in plant-cane and ratoons under minimum tillage system - without soil plowing or interows scarification in crop renewal and after the harvesting seasons, respectively - and to quantify the contribution of straw from mechanical harvesting on crop N nutrition. The field trial was planted in March 2005 in a very clayey Rhodic Eutrustox at Santa Terezinha Farm, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State and was conducted during four consecutive cropping cycles until July 2009. The plant-cane trial was designed as randomized blocks with four treatments (N-urea in increasing rates 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 at planting added to 120 kg ha-1 P2O5 and K2O) and four replicates (48 furrows of 15 m length). For the ratoon-cane trial, (1st to 3rd ratoons) the plant-cane plots were subdivided into other four treatments (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 N) and four replicates (12 rows x 15 m). The N fertilization of the 3rd ratoon was leveled to 100 kg ha-1 in all plots in order to detect residual effects of previous N fertilizations on sugarcane yield in this cycle. All ratoon cycles also received 150 kg ha-1 K2O as KCl. It has been installed microplots containing 15N-urea and/or 15N-labeled plant material at the 80 kg ha-1 N dose in plant-cane, simulating the crop residues prior to renewal (trash PAR or rhizomes, RAR of RB855536 variety) and which remained in soil after minimum tillage. The objective was to assess the contribution of N-fertilizer and N-residues in sugarcane N nutrition in consecutive cycles. After the plant-cane harvesting, new microplots containing post harvest trash (PPC-15N, variety SP81-3250) were placed in treatments 80-0 and 80- 150 kg N ha-1 in plant-cane and ratoons, respectively, aiming to assess the contribution of N-PPC in crop nutrition and the influence of N applied to ratoons in the N-PPC availability for sugarcane uptake. An additional study was conducted in litter bags containing PAR-15N in plant-cane (dose 80 kg ha-1 N) and PPC-15N in ratoons (doses 80-0 and 80-150 kg N ha-1) in order quantify the decomposition of trash during the crop cycles and possible differences in the decomposition rates due to N applications in plant-cane (PAR) and ratoons (PPC), respectively. In the four consecutive cycles were evaluated: i) Agroindustrial yields (TCH, Mg cane ha-1 stalks and TPH, Mg ha-1 of sugar) and raw material quality (pol% cane and fiber%) in plantcane and ratoon treatments; ii) Recovery of urea-15N, PAR-15N, 15N- RAR and 15NPPC by crop above ground parts (stalks, dry leaves and tips) and carbon (C) and N balances in the soil-plant system and iii) decomposition of PAR and PPC as reduction of dry matter (DM), C, nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and structural carbohydrates (lignin cellulose and hemicellulose). The agroindustrial yields (TCH and TPH) were influenced by N rates at planting and subsequent ratoons. It hás been found linear response in crop yield due to N rates at planting and in the average of four crop cycles. However, no responses were detected in the interaction between 12 N doses in plant or ratoon cane. The highest accumulated yield (TCH) in four consecutive cycles was obtained in treatment 120-100 kg ha-1 N in plant-cane and ratoons, but treatment 120-50 kg ha-1 N has been found as the more economically viable. The recovery of N-urea applied in plant-cane was higher in the first cycle (24, 7 kg ha-1 or 31% of the applied dose) and decreased over subsequent crop cycles (5%, 4% and 3% respectively). The N balance after four cycles (2006-2009) showed 43% (34.4 kg ha-1) of total N-urea recovery by the crop above ground parts, 0.2% was found in the rhizomes, 20% in soil and 37% were counted as losses. Cane trash N-PAR and N-RAR recoveries in the above ground parts were 28% and 23% of the initial amount of N applied as crop residues (14.2 and 7.4 kg ha-1, respectively). On average, 0.2% of N-plant residues remained in the rhizomes, 52% in the soil and 22% were accounted as losses. The total recovery of N-PAR N-and RAR was 24.4 kg, or 39% of the total N of these residues, indicating that they are long term N sources for the sugarcane crop. There had been found a close correlation between the cumulative recovery of N-urea and N-residues with the accumulated evapotranspiration of the four crop cycles. The N-PPC recovery by sugarcane above ground parts almost doubled after three cycles due to N application in ratoons, 17% vs. 31% (6.9 and 12.6 kg ha-1 N, respectively). In other compartments, 0.3% and 0.4% of N-PPC remained in the rhizomes, 69% and 61%) in the soil and 13.4% and 7.6%) resulted in losses. There was detected no major changes in soil C and N stocks C due to the addition of N-urea and N-residues. The decomposition of PAR and PPC was influenced by N fertilizations in plant-cane and ratoons cane and by biological action over the cropping cycles. The major effects detected as trash decomposed over the agricultural cycles were the reduction in residues C:N ratio, sugarcane root growth under the trash blanket, and losses of DM, C, N, macronutrients and structural carbohydrates. The DM degradation of PAR and PPC was 96% and 73% after four and three years respectively. The nutrients that showed higher release rates were K 98% to 92%, Mg 97% to 70% Ca and 95% to 55% of the initial amount of nutrients (kg ha-1) sourced by PAR and PPC residues, respectively. After four agricultural cycles, the levels (g kg-1) of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose from PAR decreased 60%, 29% and 70%, and for PPC the reduction was 47%, 35% and 70% in three cycles. The degradation of structural carbohydrates was influenced by climatic conditions that occurred during the agricultural cycles and the initial biochemical composition those residues (total carbohydrates and nutrients content). There was no difference in DM degradation of PPC due to N application in ratoons, however there were differences in C degradation, in the release of Ca, concentration of roots and in the decomposition of lignin when N- fertilizer has been applied over the trash blanket
Saura, Valls Marc. "Kinetic studies of a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase, a key enzyme in plant cell morphogenesis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9306.
Full textEs dissenya i es valida un nou assaig enzimàtic mitjançant electroforesis capil·lar (HPCE), que permet l'estudi cinètic de les XET, emprant oligosacàrids de baix pes molecular de xiloglucà amb una estructura coneguda. Aquest substrats han estat sintetitzats en el present treball i també per l'equip del Dr. Driguez en el CERMAV-CNRS.
Es determina que el màxim d'activitat de la Ptt-XET16A es dóna entre pH 5 i 5.5 i entre 30 i 40 ºC. Es demostra que aquest enzim actua mitjançant un mecanisme cinètic bi-bi ping-pong, en el que l'acceptor actua com a inhibidor competitiu del donador unint-se a l'enzim lliure i en el que, depenent del donador emprat, aquest també poc actuar com a inhibidor competitiu de l'acceptor, unint-se als subsetis positius de l'intermedi glicosil-enzim i donant diferent reaccions secundàries com són la polimerització del donador o l'elongació del producte, només en el cas que el donador presenti un grup glucosil en l'extrem no reductor.
S'avalua un llibreria de xilogluco-oligosacàrids sintetitzada per l'equip del Dr. Driguez al CERMAV-CNRS com a donadors de la Ptt-XET16A. D'aquesta forma s'aprofundeix en el coneixement de l'activitat de les XTH, en el coneixement de la seva especificitat per substrat i es realitza un mapeig del centre actiu, obtenint la contribució dels diferents subsetis de la Ptt-XET16A en l'estabilització de l'estat de transició de la reacció de transglicosidació catalitzada per l'enzim estudiat.
Finalment, s'ha dissenyat un substrat bifluorogènic derivat del tetradecasacàrid emprat com a substrat estàndard en el present treball, per mesurar les activitats hidrolasa i transglicosilasa de les XETs mitjançant fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). El substrat bifluorogènic ha estat obtingut i caracteritzat, tanmateix, no s'ha pogut demostrar si aquest substrat és adequat per mesurar les activitats hidrolasa i transglicosilasa de les XETs ja que les propietats fluorescents del marcador s'han perdut en el procés de síntesis del substrat.
El presente trabajo de investigación se enmarca en un proyecto Europeo llamado E.D.E.N. (Enzyme Discovery in hybrid aspen for fibre ENgineering, QLK5-CT-2001-00443), el objetivo del cual es la identificación de nuevos enzimas vegetales para entender con mayor profundidad los procesos de formación y modificación de las fibras vegetales para abordar en el futuro la mejora de los parámetros de calidad de estas fibras, mediante la generación de líneas transgénicas de plantas. En el presente proyecto se pretende profundizar en el conocimiento de las xiloglucano endotransglicosilasas (XET), enzimas claves en la construcción y modificación controlada de la red de xiloglucano-celulosa, estudiando su mecanismo de acción y su especificidad por sustrato. En este trabajo se estudia una XET de Populus tremula x tremuloides, concretamente la XET16A (Ptt-XET16A).
Se diseña y se valida un nuevo ensayo enzimático mediante electroforesis capilar (HPCE), que permite el estudio cinético de las XET, utilizando oligosacáridos de xiloglucano de bajo peso molecular y de estructura conocida como sustratos. Estos sustratos han estado sintetizados en el presente trabajo y también por el equipo del Dr. Driguez en el CERMAV-CNRS.
Se determina que el máximo de actividad de la Ptt-XET16A se da entre pH 5 y 5.5 y entre 30 y 40 ºC. Se demuestra que este enzima actúa mediante un mecanismo cinético bi-bi ping-pong, en el que el aceptor actúa como inhibidor competitivo del dador uniéndose al enzima libre y en el que, dependiendo del dador utilizado , éste también puede actuar como inhibidor competitivo del aceptor uniéndose en los subsitios positivos del intermedio glicosilo-enzima y dando diferentes reacciones secundarias como son la polimerización del dador o la elongación del producto, solamente si el dador presenta un grupo glucosilo en el extremo no reductor.
Se evalúa una librería de xilogluco-oligosacáridos sintetizada por el equipo del Dr. Driguez en el CERMAV-CNRS como dadores de la Ptt-XET16A. De esta forma se profundiza en el conocimiento de la actividad de las XTHs, en el conocimiento de su especificidad por sustrato y se realiza un mapeo del centro activo del enzima, obteniéndose la contribución de los diferentes subsitios de la Ptt-XET16A en la estabilización del estado de transición de la reacción de transglicosidación catalizada por el enzima estudiado.
Finalmente, se ha diseñado un sustrato bifuorogénico derivado del tetradecasacárido utilizado como sustrato estándar en el presente trabajo para medir las actividades hidrolasa y transglicosilasa de las XETs mediante fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). El sustrato biofluorogénico ha sido obtenido y caracterizado, sin embargo no se ha podido demostrar si este sustrato es adecuado para medir las actividades hidrolasa y transglicosilasas de las XETs, ya que las propiedades fluorescentes del marcador se han perdido durante la síntesis del sustrato.
The present work is part of an European project named E.D.E.N. (Enzyme Discovery in hybrid aspen for fibre ENgineering, QLK5-CT-2001-00443). The general objective of the project is to identify novel plant enzymes for deeper understanding of the process of fiber formation and modification for future improvement of the quality parameters of wood fibers. The present project pretends to increase the knowledge about xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (XET), which are thought to be key enzymes in the construction and controlled modification of the xyloglucan¬cellulose network. It is pretended to study the mechanism of action and the substrate specificity of a XET from Populus tremula x tremuloides, concretely XET16A (Ptt-XET16A).
A new enzymatic assay based on capillary electrophoresis is designed and validated. This assay allows the kinetic study of XETs using as substrates, low molecular mass xyloglucan oligosaccharides with defined structures. These substrates have been synthesized in the present work and also in collaboration with Dr. Driguez team from CERMAV-CNRS.
It is concluded that the maximum of activity of Ptt-XET16A is between pH 5 and 5.5 and 30 and 40 ºC. It is demonstrated that Ptt-XET16A follows a bi-bi ping-pong kinetic mechanism, in which the acceptor acts as competitive inhibitor of the donor binding to the free enzyme and depending on the donor used, this one can act also as competitive inhibitor of the acceptor binding to the acceptor subsites of the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate giving rise to side reaction such as donor polymerization and product elongation only in case that the donor shows a glucosyl residue in the non reducing end.
A library of xylogluco-oligosaccharides, synthesized in CERMAV-CNRS by Dr. Driguez team, is evaluated as Ptt-XET16A donors. With this studies we are able to deeper understand the activity of XETs, their substrate specificity and a subsite maping of the binding cleft is done, obtaining the contribution of different subsites of Ptt-XET16A to the stabilization of the transition state of the transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by the studied enzyme.
Finally, a bifluorogenic substrate derived from the tetradecasacharide used as standard substrate in this project has been designed to measure hydrolase and transferase activities of XET enzymes by fluorescense resonance energy transfer (FRET). The bifluorogenic substrate was obtained, however, it could not be demonstrated if it is an adequate substrate to measure hydrolase and transferase activities because the fluorescent properties of the label were lost during substrate synthesis.
Ghomari, Fouzia. "Photorégulation de la glycéraldéhyde 3-phosphate deshydrogénase à NADP de radis, sous rouge lointain continu." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES016.
Full textVerron, Patrick. "Micropropagation in vitro du muguet nantais et caractérisation de différentes variétés de convallaria majalis L." Angers, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ANGE0011.
Full textVauclare, Pierre. "Structure, biogenèse et expression de la protéine T du complexe de la glycine décarboxylase des plantes supérieures." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10051.
Full textBordel, Anne-Claire. "Les protéines à domaines LIM chez le protoplaste de tournesol (Helianthus annuus L.) : expression des gènes et cytolocalisation." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012190.
Full textNous avons étudié l'expression des gènes LIM précédemment décrits chez le tournesol dans les protoplastes par RT-PCR. Nous avons détecté un transcrit pour le gène HaWLIM-1, mais pas pour les deux autres gènes HaPLIM-1 et HaPLIM-2. Des anticorps polyclonaux spécifiques de la protéine HaWLIM-1 reconnaissent en immunoblot deux polypeptides distincts, dont les masses moléculaires sont respectivement de 52 kDa et 78 kDa. Ces masses moléculaires sont nettement supérieures à la taille attendue pour la protéine HaWLIM-1. Ces résultats indiquent que la protéine n'est pas présente sous forme de monomères dans les protoplastes, mais qu'elle participe à la formation de complexes protéiques stables.
L'étude par immunocytologie de la localisation intracellulaire de la protéine HaWLIM-1 révèle que cette protéine est présente simultanément dans deux compartiments distincts : le noyau et le cytoplasme. Dans le noyau, elle s'accumule préférentiellement dans le nucléole, et pourrait jouer un rôle dans la régulation de la transcription des gènes des ARNr, ou dans l'assemblage des ribosomes. Dans le cytoplasme, différentes approches, incluant des expériences de double-marquage et de déstructuration de composants du cytosquelette, ont permis de mettre en évidence une très forte colocalisation de la protéine HaWLIM-1 avec les microtubules, ce qui suggère un rôle pour cette protéine dans l'organisation du cytosquelette.
Lors de la culture des protoplastes, le gène HaWLIM-1 s'exprime constamment, avec cependant des variations dans le niveau d'expression. Des expériences d'immunoblot utilisant les anticorps spécifiques de la protéine HaWLIM-1 indiquent que de nouveaux polypeptides, de masses moléculaires égales à 35 kDa, 42 kDa et 64 kDa, apparaissent au cours de la culture. Cette observation suggère que la protéine HaWLIM-1 possède la capacité de s'associer et de se dissocier avec de nouveaux complexes protéiques au cours du développement. La protéine HaWLIM-1 est associée aux microtubules pendant tous les stades de la division : elle est présente au niveau de la bande préprophasique à la fin de l'interphase, au niveau du fuseau mitotique pendant la mitose, et au niveau du phragmoplaste pendant la cytokinèse. Ces observations semblent indiquer que la protéine HaWLIM-1 occupe une fonction importante au niveau des microtubules.
Schaumann-Gaudinet, Annick. "Perturbation par les ions lithium de caractéristiques ioniques des suspensions cellulaires d'Acer pseudoplatanus L." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES018.
Full textMingam, Annaïck. "Expression et évolution de gènes de la famille des ARN hélicases à boîte DEAD chez Arabidopsis thaliana (L. ) Heynh." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007807.
Full textBaby, André Rolim. "Desenvolvimento e avaliação da estabilidade de formulações cosméticas anticelulíticas contendo o extrato comercial de Trichilia catiguá Adr. Juss (e) Ptychopetalum olacoides Bentham, padronizado em flavonóides totais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-04102007-192348/.
Full textGynoid hydrolipodystrophy, popularly known as cellulite, is characterized as a dystrophic process that generates structural alterations of skin elements, as: connective tissue modifications, cutaneous microcirculation abnormalities, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes and edema. Flavonoids are employed as raw materials in anticellulitic products by their capability to reduce capillary permeability. The objectives established for this research were: (1) development of anticellulitic cosmetic emulsions; (2) analytical method validation for total flavonoids, expressed in rutin, by ultraviolet spectrophotometry; (3) physical, physicochemical and chemical stability assay for the preparations. Anticellulitic cosmetic formulations containing the Trichilia catigua Adr. Juss (and) Ptychopetalum olacoides Bentham commercial extract (Slimbuster® H1), standardized in total flavonoids, expressed in rutin, were developed and their physical, physicochemical and chemical stability was assessed. Flavonoids were quantified within the ultraviolet spectrophotometric method at 361.0 nm as rutin equivalents by comparison with secondary standard rutin (T = 96.1%). Stability assay was conducted in three temperature conditions (5.0 + 0.5; 24 + 2 e 40.0 + 0.5 °C) and the following parameters were analyzed: aspect, color and odor, pH and apparent viscosity values and flavonoid content. Analytical methodology was validated determining linearity, limits of detection and quantification, specificity and interferent assay, recovery and intra and inter-run precision and accuracy. Results from stability evaluation have indicated decrease of flavonoid content inferior than 10% at sunlight exposure (room temperature, 24 + 2 °C) and at 5.0 + 0.5 °C; high temperature (40.0 + 0.5 °C) has reduced the flavonoid content at, approximately, 35%.