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Journal articles on the topic 'Cellule vegetale'
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1
Bompiani, Adriano. "L’elaborazione di “regole” per le innovazioni biotecnologiche." Medicina e Morale 49, no. 4 (August 31, 2000): 713–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2000.765.
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Come è noto, l'unione Europea ha fra i suoi scopi quello di favorire lo sviluppo sociale ed economico dei Paesi aderenti, facilitando la ricerca scientifica, l’innovazione tecnologica, la produzione di beni e la circolazione degli stessi nell’ambito dell’Unione, eliminando per quanto è possibile differenze, normative e conflitti commerciali.
Con questo spirito, dopo anni di difficile lavoro, è stata emanata la Direttiva 98/44/CE del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio (6luglio 1998) che riguarda la protezione giuridica delle invenzioni biotecnologiche, ne presupposto che si tratti di genoma – sia esso di origine vegetale, animale o umano – in quanto risultati da “invenzioni” suscettibili di applicazioni industriali e non dal mero isolamento (“scoperta”).
L’Autore, che già ha esaminato in un precedente contributo gli aspetti etici dell’impiego delle biotecnologie nel campo vegetale e animale (v. Medicina e Morale 2000, 3: 449-504), si sofferma a descrivere quanto prevede la Direttiva 98/44/CE stessa, assieme ad altre norme internazionali precedentemente emanat, per la tutela dell’ambiente, degli animali e degli organismi umani.
L’Autore riconosce che la direttiva vieta, nel dispositivo, lo sfruttamento commerciale che sia contrario all’ordine pubblico e al buon costume, fornendo gli esempi concreti dei divieti applicabili ai processi di clonazione umana a scopo riproduttivo, di modificazione dell’identità genetica germinale dell’essere umano; di modificazione degli embrioni umani a fini commerciali e industriali; di modificazione dell’identità genetica animale di natura tale da provocare sofferenza negli stessi, senza utilità sostanziale per l’uomo o per l’animale.
Tuttavia la Direttiva – sotto l’aspetto giuridico – consente l’utilizzazione di embrioni umani (sia pure non direttamente ed espressamente prodotti a scopo di ricerca in base all’art. 18 della Convenzione sui diritti dell’uomo e la biomedicina) a scopo sperimentale e per applicazioni biotecnologiche riguardanti la produzione di cellule staminali od i medicamenti.
L’Autore esamina anche il dibattito che è seguito alla emanazione della Direttiva soprattutto a livello di Assemblea parlamentare del Consiglio d’Europa (Strasburgo) in merito alle preoccupazioni dell’opinione pubblica sui cosiddetti “cibi transgenici” (raccomandazione n. 1398 (1998) dal titolo “sicurezza del consumatore e qualità degli alimenti”), nella quale è stata espressa contrarietà alla brevettabilità degli organismi viventi, pur riconoscendo la necessità di assicurare un’adeguata protezione ai diritti dell’”invenzione” (proprietà intellettuale) [Raccomandazione 1417/1999].
Questi problemi sono stati affrontati ma non risolti nella conferenza internazionale di Oviedo (16-19 maggio 19999) organizzata dal Consiglio d’Europa. Il Comitato Direttivo di Bioetica del medesimo Consiglio d’Europa è stato indicato di esprimere “parere” sulla complessa materia; nel frattempo sono intervenute la conferenza di Seattle e Montreal, ove è stato firmato, nel gennaio 2000, un Protocollo sulla biosicurezza che regolamenta il commercio internazionale di sementi e sostanze geneticamente modificate ritenuti pericolosi per l’ambiente e la salute, escludendo però i prodotti finiti, e perciò il cibo transgenico.
Nel momenti in cui – scadendo la moratoria –la Direttiva 98/44/CE entrerà in vigore (31 luglio 2000) essendo improbabile l’accettazione delle argomentazioni di invalidazione sollevate da Olanda e Italia, l’Autore insiste per l’adozione del “principio di precauzione”, esplicitamente incorporato nel diritto comunicato relativo alla protezione della salute, oltreché alla tutela dell’ambiente, che dovrà essere tuttavia meglio specificato nella sua estensione e nelle conseguenze attese. Un secondo principio, quello della “trasparenza”, richiede un’ulteriore affinamento delle informazioni rivolte al consumatore, tramite una più chiara etichettatura che consenta una scelta realmente libera e consapevole dei prodotti derivanti da organismi geneticamente modificati posti in commercio.
Dovrà essere perseguita la ricerca, escludendo peraltro l’uso dell’embrione umano.
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Tucker, Larry A. "Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Telomere Length in a Random Sample of 5448 U.S. Adults." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051415.
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The relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and telomere length was examined using a cross-sectional design and an NHANES random sample of 5448 U.S. adults. Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption was assessed using a 24 h recall, and telomere length, an index of cellular aging, was measured using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Telomere length was linearly related to F&V intake when combined (F = 22.7, p < 0.0001) and also when separated as fruit (F = 7.2, p < 0.0121) or vegetables (F = 15.4, p < 0.0005), after adjusting for covariates. Specifically, telomeres were 27.8 base pairs longer for each 100 g (3.5 ounces) of F&V consumed. Because each additional year of chronological age was associated with telomeres that were 14.9 base pairs shorter, when women and men were analyzed together, results indicated that a 100 g (3.5 oz) per day increment in F&V corresponded with 1.9 years less biological aging. When the 75th percentile of F&V intake was compared to the 25th, the difference was 4.4 years of cellular aging. When separated by sex, fruits and vegetables were both related to telomere length in women, but only vegetable intake was predictive of telomere length in men. In conclusion, evidence based on a random sample of U.S. adults indicates that the more the servings of F&V, the longer telomeres tend to be.
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LEE, DONG HWAN, JIN-BEOM KIM, MIHYUN KIM, EUNJUNG ROH, KYUSUK JUNG, MINSEON CHOI, CHANGSIK OH, JAEHYUK CHOI, JONGCHUL YUN, and SUNGGI HEU. "Microbiota on Spoiled Vegetables and Their Characterization." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-439.
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Spoilage causes vegetables to deteriorate and develop unpleasant characteristics. Approximately 30% of fresh vegetables are lost to spoilage, mainly due to colonization by bacteria. In the present study, a total of 44 bacterial isolates were obtained from a number of spoiled vegetables. The isolates were identified and classified into 20 different species of 14 genera based on fatty acid composition, biochemical tests, and 16S rDNA sequence analyses. Pseudomonas spp. were the species most frequently isolated from the spoiled vegetables. To evaluate the spoilage ability of each species, a variety of fresh vegetables were treated with each isolate and their degree of maceration was observed. In addition, the production of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), such as cellulase, xylanase, pectate lyase, and polygalacturonase, was compared among isolates to investigate their potential associations with spoilage. Strains that produce more PCWDEs cause spoilage on more diverse plants, and pectinase may be the most important enzyme among PCWDEs for vegetable spoilage. Most gram-negative spoilage bacteria produced acylated homoserine lactone, a quorum-sensing signal molecule, suggesting that it may be possible to use this compound effectively to prevent or slow down the spoilage of vegetables contaminated with diverse bacteria.
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dos Santos Baião, Diego, Davi Vieira Teixeira da Silva, and Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin. "A Narrative Review on Dietary Strategies to Provide Nitric Oxide as a Non-Drug Cardiovascular Disease Therapy: Beetroot Formulations—A Smart Nutritional Intervention." Foods 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040859.
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Beetroot is a remarkable vegetable, as its rich nitrate and bioactive compound contents ameliorate cardiovascular and metabolic functions by boosting nitric oxide synthesis and regulating gene expressions or modulating proteins and enzyme activities involved in these cellular processes. Dietary nitrate provides a physiological substrate for nitric oxide production, which promotes vasodilatation, increases blood flow and lowers blood pressure. A brief narrative and critical review on dietary nitrate intake effects are addressed herein by considering vegetable sources, dosage, intervention regimen and cardioprotective effects achieved in both healthy and cardiovascular-susceptible individuals. Compared to other nitrate-rich vegetables, beets were proven to be the best choice for non-drug therapy because of their sensorial characteristics and easy formulations that facilitate patient adherence for long periods, allied to bioaccessibility and consequent effectiveness. Beets were shown to be effective in raising nitrate and nitrite in biological fluids at levels capable of promoting sustained improvement in primary and advanced hemodynamic parameters.
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Loc, Marta, Nemanja Delić, Dragana Budakov, Vera Stojšin, Mladen Petreš, Jelena Medić, Tatjana Dudaš, and Mila Grahovac. "Pectolytic activity of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on different root vegetables." Biljni lekar 48, no. 6 (2020): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2006610l.
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Bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae family (SRE) are significant problem in plant production, not only during vegetation, in the field, but also during storage and marketing of agricultural commodities. Species P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (Pcb) is a newly identified member of Enterobacteriaceae family. It causes soft rot of different plant species, including root vegetables. Pcb is described as a new subspecies of P. carotovorum due to differences in phenotypic and genotypic characteristic, more pronounced virulence and aggressiveness. Patohogenicity of this bacterium is based on the production of several enzymes: pectatliase, polygalacturonase, cellulase and proeteases. The aim of this study was to determine whether and at which rate Pcb isolates originating from potato plants exhibit pectolytic activity on root of different root vegetable species - carrot, radish, celery, kohlrabi and beetroot. The obtained data confirmed wide host range of the bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, but pointed to significant differences in pectolytic activity on different species of root vegetables (carrot, radish, celery, kohlrabi), while on beetroot tested Pcb isolates did not exhibit pectolytic activity. Moreover, on same species of root vegetables different levels of pectolytic activity of tested Pcb isolates were recorded.
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Li, Yanyan, Tao Zhang, and Grace Chen. "Flavonoids and Colorectal Cancer Prevention." Antioxidants 7, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox7120187.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, but despite advances in treatment, it remains the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Prevention may, therefore, be a key strategy in reducing colorectal cancer deaths. Given reports of an inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption with colorectal cancer risk, there has been significant interest in understanding the metabolism and bioactivity of flavonoids, which are highly abundant in fruits and vegetables and account for their pigmentation. In this review, we discuss host and microbiota-mediated metabolism of flavonoids and the potential mechanisms by which flavonoids can exert protective effects against colon tumorigenesis, including regulation of signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, cellular proliferation, and inflammation and modulation of the gut microbiome.
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Neupane, Karuna, and Rama Khadka. "Production of Garbage Enzyme from Different Fruit and Vegetable Wastes and Evaluation of its Enzymatic and Antimicrobial Efficacy." Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology 6 (December 7, 2019): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tujm.v6i0.26594.
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Objectives: To evaluate the enzymatic and antimicrobial efficacy of enzyme from garbage produced from different fruits and vegetable wastes.
Methods: This study was conducted from October-2018 to February-2019 in the laboratory of Padma Kanya Multiple College, Bagbazar, Kathmandu, Nepal. This study was carried for production, analysis of enzymatic and antimicrobial efficacy by using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) and bacteria (Bacillus species) in 5 fruits peels, Mosambi (Citrus limetta), Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Papaya (Carica papaya) and mixed fruits collected from fresh fruit stall and vegetable peels collected from college’s hostel. The fermentation mixture was made in the ratio 1:3:10 (1 part brown sugar, 3 parts fruits/vegetable peels and 10 parts water) and left for 3 months for fermentation.
Results: After fermentation, enzyme activity (amylase, protease, caseinase, cellulase and lipase) and antimicrobial efficacy (S. aureus, S. aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus spp, Salmonella Typhi, E. coli, E. coli (ATCC 25922), Shigella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were analyzed. All the samples showed amylase and caseinase enzyme activity, only Pineapple (Ananascomosus), Papaya (Carica papaya) and Mixed fruit showed protease enzyme activity while only Pomegranate (Punicagranatum) showed lipase enzyme activity. In antimicrobial efficacy test, garbage enzyme produced from vegetable sample didn’t show antimicrobial activity with bacteria used except E. coli (ATCC 25922)and S. aureus (ATCC 25923). Similarly, garbage enzyme produced from Mixed fruit and Papaya (Carica papaya) didn’t show antimicrobial activity with Salmonella Typhi and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) respectively but garbage enzyme from other wastes showed antimicrobial activity with bacteria used in test.
Conclusion: Different fruits and vegetables wastes showed different enzyme activity and antimicrobial activity.
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Song, Wei, Christopher M. Derito, M. Keshu Liu, Xiangjiu He, Mei Dong, and Rui Hai Liu. "Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Common Vegetables." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58, no. 11 (June 9, 2010): 6621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9035832.
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Kolb, Hubert, Kerstin Kempf, and Stephan Martin. "Health Effects of Coffee: Mechanism Unraveled?" Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2020): 1842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061842.
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The association of habitual coffee consumption with a lower risk of diseases, like type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease, certain cancer types, or with reduced all-cause mortality, has been confirmed in prospective cohort studies in many regions of the world. The molecular mechanism is still unresolved. The radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity of coffee constituents is too weak to account for such effects. We argue here that coffee as a plant food has similar beneficial properties to many vegetables and fruits. Recent studies have identified a health promoting mechanism common to coffee, vegetables and fruits, i.e., the activation of an adaptive cellular response characterized by the upregulation of proteins involved in cell protection, notably antioxidant, detoxifying and repair enzymes. Key to this response is the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2) system by phenolic phytochemicals, which induces the expression of cell defense genes. Coffee plays a dominant role in that regard because it is the major dietary source of phenolic acids and polyphenols in the developed world. A possible supportive action may be the modulation of the gut microbiota by non-digested prebiotic constituents of coffee, but the available data are still scarce. We conclude that coffee employs similar pathways of promoting health as assumed for other vegetables and fruits. Coffee beans may be viewed as healthy vegetable food and a main supplier of dietary phenolic phytochemicals.
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Sobotka, J., J. Krejčí, and J. Blahovec. "Equipment for the determination of dielectric properties of vegetable tissue during its mechanical loading." Research in Agricultural Engineering 53, No. 4 (January 7, 2008): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1955-rae.
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The internal structures of agricultural products change substantially in the course of the products deformation. One of the main changes in this process is the loss of the water content and water solutions generally due to the squeezing out of the cellular sap. The water content can be detected also by electric conductivity measured at different frequencies. The precise measurement of the electric conductivity during the deformation of soft agricultural products can be used as a simple indicative method for the study of the processes that control the squeezing out of the cellular sap including the filtration abilities of the cellular walls. In the paper, the experimental equipment is described that is able to detect the impedance of the vegetable tissue specimens during their compression between two plates. The equipment determines the sample impedance from a direct measurement of three voltages in the circuit that contains the tested specimen. The equipment is able to analyse the specimen properties at more than ten different frequencies up to 1 MHz. The formulas for the calculation of the real and the imaginary components of the relative permittivity are also given.
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Akhter Ansari, Waquar, Neelam Atri, Maneesh Pandey, Anil Kumar Singh, Bijendra Singh, and Sudhakar Pandey. "Influence of Drought Stress on Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Plants: A Review." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 16, no. 04 (December 30, 2019): 697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2785.
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Drought poses the most significant environmental constrain that limits the growth and yield efficiency of vegetables around the world. The major challenges lies is to identify potential genetic resources and technology development that improve quality and productivity of vegetable crops under declining land, reducing natural resources and increasing environmental stresses. Varied responses of different crop species/genotypes to water-deficit condition have been studied for a long time, and several morphological, physiological and biochemical characters have been suggested to be responsible for drought tolerance. Understanding the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses to drought is essential for a holistic perception of plant resistance mechanisms to water-limited conditions and also to design screening techniques for drought tolerance that may be employed in crop breeding. Drought stress lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants which inactivate enzymes and damage important cellular components. The effects of the action of free radicals on membranes include the induction of lipid peroxidation and fatty acid de-esterification. Plants possess very efficient enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems which work in concert to control the cascades of uncontrolled oxidation and protect plant cells from oxidative damage by scavenging of ROS. In this review the important morphological, physiological and biochemical traits that are influenced by drought stress, and may be important indices for identification/screening of drought tolerant genotypes in vegetable crops has been described.
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LUDIKHUYZE, L., L. RODRIGO, and M. HENDRICKX. "The Activity of Myrosinase from Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. cv. Italica): Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.3.400.
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The potential of some intrinsic (MgCl2, ascorbic acid, pH) and extrinsic (temperature, pressure) factors for controlling/altering activity of myrosinase from broccoli was investigated in this paper. A combination of MgCl2 and ascorbic acid was found to enhance enzyme activity. Concentrations resulting in optimal activity were determined as 0.1 g/liter and 2 g/liter, respectively. Both in the absence and presence of this enzyme activator, the optimal pH was situated between 6.5 and 7, corresponding to the natural pH of fresh broccoli juice. At atmospheric pressure, the enzyme was optimally active at a temperature about 30°C. Application of low pressure (50 to 100 MPa) slightly enhanced the activity while at higher pressure (300 MPa), the activity was largely reduced. Future work should focus on the extension of this work to real food products in order to take cellular disruption into account. In intact vegetable tissues, the enzyme myrosinase is present in compartments separated from its substrate, the glucosinolates. Hence, enzymatic hydrolysis can merely occur after cellular disruption. In this respect, processes such as cutting, cooking, freezing, or pressurizing of the vegetables will have a large effect on the glucosinolate hydrolysis by myrosinase. This work could then be the basis for controlling glucosinolate hydrolysis in food preparation and processing.
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Juvik, John A. "Genetic Improvement of Vegetables for Enhanced Cancer Chemoprevention." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 555D—555. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.555d.
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Extensive epidemiological evidence suggests that carotenoids (including vitamin A), ascorbate (vitamin C), tocols (including vitamin E), and glucosinolate breakdown products exert anticarcinogenic effects in a range of human tissues. Consumption of fresh and processed vegetables with enhanced levels of these phytochemicals could reduce human risk of cancer. The vitamins play a major role as antioxidants, offering protection against cancer by preventing or reversing oxidative damage to DNA and other cellular components. Cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates (GSs), which, during mastication, are hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase into bioactive breakdown products (BBPs), including sulforaphane. BBPs appear to induce synthesis of drug metabolism enzymes resulting in increased detoxification rates of carcinogens. This paper describes an interdisciplinary investigation designed to develop vegetable cultivars that offer chemoprotection from cancer at doses commensurate with a normal American diet. Initial work has focused on surveying sweet corn and Brassicae oleraceae germplasm for variation in vitamin and glucosinolate content in conjunction with in vitro and in vivo bioassays to determine which compounds and concentrations optimize chemoprotectant activity. Segregating populations from crosses between sweet corn and Brassica lines that vary in vitamin and GS concentrations will be assayed for chemical content and chemoprotectant activity, and genetically characterized using DNA marker technology to identify and map genes controlling these traits. This information will improve selection methodology in a breeding program aimed to develop brassica and sweet corn germplasm with enhanced cancer chemoprevention.
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Wilt, F. H. "Determination and morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo." Development 100, no. 4 (August 1, 1987): 559–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.100.4.559.
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The study of the sea urchin embryo has contributed importantly to our ideas about embryogenesis. This essay re-examines some issues where the concerns of classical experimental embryology and cell and molecular biology converge. The sea urchin egg has an inherent animal-vegetal polarity. An egg fragment that contains both animal and vegetal material will produce a fairly normal larva. However, it is not clear to what extent the oral-aboral axis is specified in embryos developing from meridional fragments. Newly available markers of the oral-aboral axis allow this issue to be settled. When equatorial halves, in which animal and vegetal hemispheres are separated, are allowed to develop, the animal half forms a ciliated hollow ball. The vegetal half, however, often forms a complete embryo. This result is not in accord with the double gradient model of animal and vegetal characteristics that has been used to interpret almost all defect, isolation and transplantation experiments using sea urchin embryos. The effects of agents used to animalize and vegetalize embryos are also due for re-examination. The classical animalizing agent, Zn2+, causes developmental arrest, not expression of animal characters. On the other hand, Li+, a vegetalizing agent, probably changes the determination of animal cells. The stability of these early determinative steps may be examined in dissociation-reaggregation experiments, but this technique has not been exploited extensively. The morphogenetic movements of primary mesenchyme are complex and involve a number of interactions. It is curious that primary mesenchyme is dispensable in skeleton formation since in embryos devoid of primary mesenchyme, the secondary mesenchyme cells will form skeletal elements. It is likely that during its differentiation the primary mesenchyme provides some of its own extracellular microenvironment in the form of collagen and proteoglycans. The detailed form of spicules made by primary mesenchyme is determined by cooperation between the epithelial body wall, the extracellular material and the inherent properties of primary mesenchyme cells. Gastrulation in sea urchins is a two-step process. The first invagination is a buckling, the mechanism of which is not understood. The secondary phase in which the archenteron elongates across the blastocoel is probably driven primarily by active cell repacking. The extracellular matrix is important for this repacking to occur, but the basis of the cellular-environmental interaction is not understood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Cuiñas, I., A. V. Alejos, and M. G. Sánchez. "Vegetal barriers for minimising electromagnetic pollution at cellular phone bands." Electronics Letters 41, no. 6 (2005): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20058001.
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Trzeciakiewicz, Anna, Véronique Habauzit, and Marie-Noëlle Horcajada. "When nutrition interacts with osteoblast function: molecular mechanisms of polyphenols." Nutrition Research Reviews 22, no. 1 (February 26, 2009): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095442240926402x.
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Recent research has provided insights into dietary components that may optimise bone health and stimulate bone formation. Fruit and vegetable intake, as well as grains and other plant-derived food, have been linked to decreased risk of major chronic diseases including osteoporosis. This effect has been partially attributed to the polyphenols found in these foods. Thus, it has been suggested that these compounds may provide desirable bone health benefits through an action on bone cell metabolism. The present review will focus on how some polyphenols can modulate osteoblast function and reports which cellular signalling pathways are potentially implicated. However, to date, despite numerous investigations, few studies have provided clear evidence that phenolic compounds can act on osteoblasts. Polyphenols cited in the present review seem to be able to modulate the expression of transcription factors such as runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and Osterix, NF-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1). It appears that polyphenols may act on cellular signalling such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), oestrogen receptor and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (OPG/RANKL) and thus may affect osteoblast functions. However, it is also important to take in account the possible interaction of these compounds on osteoclast metabolism to better understand the positive correlation reported between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and bone mass.
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Ma, Hongzhi, Huiyu Li, Jiao Gang, and Qunhui Wang. "Optimization of ethanol fermentation from fruit and vegetable waste by Plackett-Burman and orthogonal experimental design." BioResources 14, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 1210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.1.1210-1218.
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To realize resource technology from fruit and vegetable waste, a Plackett-Burman (P-B) experiment combined with an orthogonal experimental design were adopted for the optimization of ethanol fermentation from this waste. By using the 12-factor P-B design, it was determined that the significant factors were KH2PO4, cellulase, and yeast extract. The orthogonal experimental design with the ethanol fermentation and reducing sugar as indices showed that the optimum conditions were KH2PO4, cellulase, and yeast extract concentrations of 0.3 g/L, 90 U/mL, and 10 g/L, respectively. Ethanol fermentation from fruit and vegetable waste has provided a feasible application for this waste.
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Cornell, R. A., T. J. Musci, and D. Kimelman. "FGF is a prospective competence factor for early activin-type signals in Xenopus mesoderm induction." Development 121, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 2429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.8.2429.
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Normal pattern formation during embryonic development requires the regulation of cellular competence to respond to inductive signals. In the Xenopus blastula, vegetal cells release mesoderm-inducing factors but themselves become endoderm, suggesting that vegetal cells may be prevented from expressing mesodermal genes in response to the signals that they secrete. We show here that addition of low levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induces the ectopic expression of the mesodermal markers Xbra, MyoD and muscle actin in vegetal explants, even though vegetal cells express low levels of the FGF receptor. Activin, a potent mesoderm-inducing agent in explanted ectoderm (animal explants), does not induce ectopic expression of these markers in vegetal explants. However, activin-type signaling is present in vegetal cells, since the vegetal expression of Mix.1 and goosecoid is inhibited by the truncated activin receptor. These results, together with the observation that FGF is required for mesoderm induction by activin, support our proposal that a maternal FGF acts at the equator as a competence factor, permitting equatorial cells to express mesoderm in response to an activin-type signal. The overlap of FGF and activin-type signaling is proposed to restrict mesoderm to the equatorial region.
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Hyde, Stephen T. "Crystals: animal, vegetable or mineral?" Interface Focus 5, no. 4 (August 6, 2015): 20150027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2015.0027.
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The morphologies of biological materials, from body shapes to membranes within cells, are typically curvaceous and flexible, in contrast to the angular, facetted shapes of inorganic matter. An alternative dichotomy has it that biomolecules typically assemble into aperiodic structures in vivo , in contrast to inorganic crystals. This paper explores the evolution of our understanding of structures across the spectrum of materials, from living to inanimate, driven by those naive beliefs, with particular focus on the development of crystallography in materials science and biology. The idea that there is a clear distinction between these two classes of matter has waxed and waned in popularity through past centuries. Our current understanding, driven largely by detailed exploration of biomolecular structures at the sub-cellular level initiated by Bernal and Astbury in the 1930s, and more recent explorations of sterile soft matter, makes it clear that this is a false dichotomy. For example, liquid crystals and other soft materials are common to both living and inanimate materials. The older picture of disjoint universes of forms is better understood as a continuum of forms, with significant overlap and common features unifying biological and inorganic matter. In addition to the philosophical relevance of this perspective, there are important ramifications for science. For example, the debates surrounding extra-terrestrial life, the oldest terrestrial fossils and consequent dating of the emergence of life on the Earth rests to some degree on prejudices inferred from the supposed dichotomy between life-forms and the rest.
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Paunescu, Lucian, Sorin Mircea Axinte, Marius Florin Dragoescu, and Felicia Cosmulescu. "Manufacture of Cellular Glass Using Oak Leaves as a Foaming Vegetable Agent." Journal La Multiapp 1, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v1i4.210.
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Abstract
The manufacture experimentation of a cellular glass exclusively from mineral waste and natural residues using the unconventional technique of microwave irradiation was the objective of the research whose results are presented in the paper. The originality of the paper results from the use of oak leaves as a vegetable foaming agent as well as the use of microwave energy in heating processes of the raw material powder mixture for manufacturing thermal insulating materials for the building construction. Worldwide, these processes use only conventional heating techniques. The experimental results led to the conclusion that both the use of waste and residues, as well as the unconventional heating technique allow to obtain porous materials with structural homogeneity having apparent densities and thermal conductivities that can decrease up to 0.34 g/cm3, and 0.071 W/m·K respectively. The compressive strength corresponding to the materials with the lowest values of density and thermal conductivity has an acceptable value (1.2 MPa) for the field of application. The specific energy consumption is around 1 kWh/kg, being approximately at the same level with the values of industrial consumptions achieved by conventional techniques.
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Aggelis, G., M. Komaitis, S. Papanikolaou, and G. Papadopoulos. "A mathematical model for the study of lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms. II. Study of cellular lipids of Mucor circinelloides during growth on a vegetable oil." Grasas y Aceites 46, no. 4-5 (October 30, 1995): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1995.v46.i4-5.932.
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Prior, Ronald L. "Fruits and vegetables in the prevention of cellular oxidative damage." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 78, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 570S—578S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.570s.
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Donini, Ígor Augusto Negri, Denise Toledo Bonemer De Salvi, Fabiana Keiko Fukumoto, Wilton Rogério Lustri, Hernane Da Silva Barud, Reinaldo Marchetto, Younes Messaddeq, and Sidney José Lima Ribeiro. "Biosynthesis and recent advances in production of bacterial cellulose." Eclética Química Journal 35, no. 4 (January 22, 2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v35.4.2010.p165-178.
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The present paper discusses the recent advances about the biosynthesis and production of bacterial cellulose (BC), from gram-negative, aerobic and acetic acid Gluconcetobacter xylinus (Gx). The BC differs from his vegetal pair, mainly due his feature of nanometric fibers, as opposed to micrometric feature of vegetal cellulose, are extruded through the cellular wall of Gx, thereby the macroscopic structure of BC is mechanically and physically more resistant, open big opportunities of biological and technological applications, apart from that obtained by vegetal cellulose. The actual challenge is in the grown of production of BC, which deals a superior understanding of his biosynthesis, to makes possible a later genetic-biochemical manipulation derived from recent advances in molecular biology. Are related works using the BC for production of composites and also what is being done of more actual with this biological material.
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Kuraishi, R., and L. Osanai. "Contribution of maternal factors and cellular interaction to determination of archenteron in the starfish embryo." Development 120, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 2619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.9.2619.
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Contribution of maternal cytoplasmic factors and cellular interaction to determination of archenteron in a starfish embryo was analyzed by (1) examining temporal and positional pattern of expression of an endoderm-specific enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, (2) deleting the vegetal polar fragment from an immature oocyte and (3) changing the orientation of a blastomere within an early stage embryo. The archenteron (and the differentiated digestive tract) of Asterina pectinifera was divided into three areas based on the time of start of alkaline phosphatase expression. At 27 hours after 1-methyladenine treatment, the whole archenteron except the anterior end started to express alkaline phosphatase. The anterior negative area differentiated into mesodermal tissues such as mesenchyme cells and anterior coelomic pouches (anterior mesodermal area). The alkaline-phosphatase-positive area 1 gave rise to the esophagus and the anterior end of the stomach. Alkaline-phosphatase-positive area 2, which was gradually added to the posterior end of the archenteron after 30 hours, became alkaline-phosphatase- positive and formed the middle-to-posterior part of the stomach and the intestine. When the vegetal oocyte fragment, the volume of which was more than 8% of that of the whole oocyte, was removed from the immature oocyte, archenteron formation was strongly suppressed. However, when the volume deleted was less than 6%, most of the larvae started archenteron formation before the intact controls reached the mesenchyme-migration stage (30 hours). Although cells in the alkaline-phosphatase-positive area 2 are added to the posterior end of the archenteron after 30 hours in normal development (R. Kuraishi and K. Osanai (1992) Biol. Bull. Mar. Biol. Lab., Woods Hole 183, 258–268), few larvae started gastrulation after 30 hours. Estimation of the movement of the oocyte cortex during the early development suggested that the area that inherits the cortex of the 7% area coincides with the combined area of anterior mesodermal area and alkaline-phosphatase-positive area 1. When one of the blastomeres was rotated 180° around the axis of apicobasal polarity at the 2-cell stage to make its vegetal pole face the animal pole of the other blastomere, two archentera formed at the separated vegetal poles. Intracellular injection of tracers showed that cells derived from the animal blastomere, which gives rise to the ectoderm in normal development, stayed in the outer layer until 30 hours; a proportion of them then entered the archenteron gradually. The involuted animal cells expressed alkaline phosphatase and were incorporated into the middle-to-posterior part of the stomach and the intestine. These results suggest that anterior mesodermal area and alkaline-phosphatase-positive area 1 are determined by cytoplasmic factor(s) that had already been localized in their presumptive areas. In contrast, alkaline-phosphatase-positive area 2 becomes the endoderm by homoiogenetic induction from the neighboring area on the vegetal side, namely alkaline-phosphatase-positive area 1.
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Thompson, Henry J., Jerianne Heimendinger, Albert Haegele, Scot M. Sedlacek, Cynthia Gillette, Caitlin O'neill, Pamela Wolfe, and Colleen Conry. "Effect of increased vegetable and fruit consumption on markers of oxidative cellular damage." Carcinogenesis 20, no. 12 (December 1999): 2261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/20.12.2261.
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Oliviero, Maria, Mariamelia Stanzione, Marco D’Auria, Luigi Sorrentino, Salvatore Iannace, and Letizia Verdolotti. "Vegetable Tannin as a Sustainable UV Stabilizer for Polyurethane Foams." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030480.
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A vegetable tannin, a flavonoid-type natural polyphenolic compound, was used to promote the stabilization of polyurethane foams against UV radiation. Several polyurethane foams were synthesized by using an isocyanate, and a mixture of ethoxylated cocoalkyl amine and vegetable tannin. The content of vegetable tannin was varied from 0 to 40 wt %. The effects of tannin and water (used as a blowing agent) on the foaming kinetics and cellular morphology of foams were investigated. Samples were subjected to accelerated weathering under UV radiation for 3 to 24 h, and FTIR and DMA analyses were conducted to assess the performance change. The former analysis revealed a strong inhibiting effect of tannin on urethane linkage degradation during the UV treatment. The mechanical properties were significantly affected by the addition of tannin. The capability of the foams to withstand UV radiation was dependent on the amount of tannin. At tannin contents higher than 20%, the decrease in mechanical properties under UV irradiation was almost avoided.
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Das, Biswa Nath, Young-Woo Kim, and Young-Sam Keum. "Mechanisms of Nrf2/Keap1-Dependent Phase II Cytoprotective and Detoxifying Gene Expression and Potential Cellular Targets of Chemopreventive Isothiocyanates." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/839409.
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Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are abundantly found in cruciferous vegetables. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic consumption of cruciferous vegetables can lower the overall risk of cancer. Natural ITCs are key chemopreventive ingredients of cruciferous vegetables, and one of the prime chemopreventive mechanisms of natural isothiocyanates is the induction of Nrf2/ARE-dependent gene expression that plays a critical role in cellular defense against electrophiles and reactive oxygen species. In the present review, we first discuss the underlying mechanisms how natural ITCs affect the intracellular signaling kinase cascades to regulate the Keap1/Nrf2 activities, thereby inducing phase II cytoprotective and detoxifying enzymes. We also discuss the potential cellular protein targets to which natural ITCs are directly conjugated and how these events aid in the chemopreventive effects of natural ITCs. Finally, we discuss the posttranslational modifications of Keap1 and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of Nrf2 in response to electrophiles and oxidants.
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Zhang, Yuesheng, Song Yao, and Jun Li. "Vegetable-derived isothiocyanates: anti-proliferative activity and mechanism of action." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 65, no. 1 (February 2006): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2005475.
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Many isothiocyanates (ITC), which are available to human subjects mainly through consumption of cruciferous vegetables, demonstrate strong cancer-preventive activity in animal models. Human studies also show an inverse association between consumption of ITC and risk of cancer in several organs. Whereas earlier studies primarily focused on the ability of ITC to inhibit carcinogen-activating enzymes and induce carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes, more recent investigations have shown that ITC inhibit the proliferation of tumour cells both in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis and arresting cell cycle progression. ITC cause acute cellular stress, which may be the initiating event for these effects. These findings shed new light on the mechanism of action of ITC and indicate that ITC may be useful both as cancer-preventive and therapeutic agents. ITC activate caspase 9-mediated apoptosis, apparently resulting from mitochondrial damage, and also activate caspase 8, but the mechanism remains to be defined. Cell cycle arrest caused by ITC occurs mainly in the G2/M phase, and both the G2 and M phases are targetted; critical G2-phase regulators, including cyclin B1, cell division cycle (Cdc) 2 and Cdc25C, are down regulated or inhibited, and tubulin polymerization and spindle assembly are disrupted. Moreover, ITC are metabolized in vivo through the mercapturic acid pathway, giving rise to thiol conjugates (dithiocarbamates). Studies show that these dithiocarbamates are similar to their parent ITC in exerting anti-proliferative activity. Taken together, dietary ITC are highly-promising anti-cancer agents, capable of targetting multiple cellular components that are important for tumour cell survival and proliferation.
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Shayesteh, Reyhaneh, Mohammad Kamalinejad, Hasan Adiban, Azin Kardan, Fariborz Keyhanfar, and Mohammad Eskandari. "Cytoprotective Effects of Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata) Fruit Extract against Oxidative Stress and Carbonyl Stress." Drug Research 67, no. 10 (June 6, 2017): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-110484.
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Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disorder that is associated with significant mortality and morbidity due to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Diabetes complications accompanied with oxidative stress and carbonyl stress in different organs of human body because of the increased generation of free radicals and impaired antioxidant defense systems. In the meantime, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive carbonyl species (RCS) have key mediatory roles in the development and progression of diabetes complications. Therapeutic strategies have recently focused on preventing such diabetes-related abnormalities using different natural and chemical compounds. Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) is one of the most important vegetables in the world with a broad-range of pharmacological activities such as antihyperglycemic effect. Methods In the present study, the cytoprotective effects of aqueous extract of C. moschata fruit on hepatocyte cytotoxicity induced by cumene hydroperoxide (oxidative stress model) or glyoxal (carbonylation model) were investigated using freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Results The extract of C. moschata (50 μg/ml) excellently prevented oxidative and carbonyl stress markers, including hepatocyte lysis, ROS production, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, lysosomal damage, and cellular proteolysis. In addition, protein carbonylation was prevented by C. moschata in glyoxal-induced carbonyl stress. Conclusion It can be concluded that C. moschata has cytoprotective effects in oxidative stress and carbonyl stress models and this valuable vegetable can be considered as a suitable herbal product for the prevention of toxic subsequent of oxidative stress and carbonyl stress seen in chronic hyperglycemia.
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Ogawa, Kanako, Kaoru Nakada, Satoe Yamashita, Tsuneo Hasegawa, and Satoru Moriguchi. "Beneficial effects of the vegetable juice Aojiru on cellular immunity in Japanese young women." Nutrition Research 24, no. 8 (August 2004): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2003.12.005.
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Katz, Ella, Sophia Nisani, and Daniel A. Chamovitz. "Indole-3-carbinol: a plant hormone combatting cancer." F1000Research 7 (June 1, 2018): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14127.1.
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A diet rich in cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, broccoli, and cabbage has long been considered healthy, and various epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of cruciferous vegetables contributes to a cancer-protecting diet. While these vegetables contain a vast array of phytochemicals, the mechanism by which these vegetables counteract cancer is still largely unresolved. Numerous in situ studies have implicated indole-3-carbinol, a breakdown product of the glucosinolate indole-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, as one of the phytochemicals with anti-cancer properties. Indole-3-carbinol influences a range of cellular processes, but the mechanisms by which it acts on cancer cells are slowly being revealed. Recent studies on the role of indole-3-carbinol in Arabidopsis opens the door for cross-kingdom comparisons that can help in understanding the roles of this important phytohormone in both plant biology and combatting cancer.
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Wikramanayake, A. H., B. P. Brandhorst, and W. H. Klein. "Autonomous and non-autonomous differentiation of ectoderm in different sea urchin species." Development 121, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 1497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.5.1497.
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During early embryogenesis, the highly regulative sea urchin embryo relies extensively on cell-cell interactions for cellular specification. Here, the role of cellular interactions in the temporal and spatial expression of markers for oral and aboral ectoderm in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus pictus was investigated. When pairs of mesomeres or animal caps, which are fated to give rise to ectoderm, were isolated and cultured they developed into ciliated embryoids that were morphologically polarized. In animal explants from S. purpuratus, the aboral ectoderm-specific Spec1 gene was activated at the same time as in control embryos and at relatively high levels. The Spec1 protein was restricted to the squamous epithelial cells in the embryoids suggesting that an oral-aboral axis formed and aboral ectoderm differentiation occurred correctly. However, the Ecto V protein, a marker for oral ectoderm differentiation, was detected throughout the embryoid and no stomodeum or ciliary band formed. These results indicated that animal explants from S. purpuratus were autonomous in their ability to form an oral-aboral axis and to differentiate aboral ectoderm, but other aspects of ectoderm differentiation require interaction with vegetal blastomeres. In contrast to S. purpuratus, aboral ectoderm-specific genes were not expressed in animal explants from L. pictus even though the resulting embryoids were morphologically very similar to those of S. purpuratus. Recombination of the explants with vegetal blastomeres or exposure to the vegetalizing agent LiCl restored activity of aboral ectoderm-specific genes, suggesting the requirement of a vegetal induction for differentiation of aboral ectoderm cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Sousa, Saulo M., Pâmela S. Silva, and Lyderson F. Viccini. "Cytogenotoxicity of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf (lemon grass) aqueous extracts in vegetal test systems." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 82, no. 2 (June 2010): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652010000200006.
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The lemon grass, Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, is an important species of Poaceae family commonly used in the folk medicine in many countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts from C. citratus leaves on Lactuca sativa (lettuce) root tip meristem cells by cytogenetic studies that have never been done before for lemon grass extracts. For this, lettuce seeds were treated for 72h with different concentrations of lemon grass aqueous extracts (5; 10; 20 and 30 mg/mL). The percentage of germination, root development and cellular behavior were analyzed, and the results showed that the highest concentration of aqueous extracts reduced the mitotic index, the seed germination and the root development of lettuce. The extracts have also induced chromosome aberrations and cellular death in the roots cells of L. sativa.
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Rahman, M. M., U. F. Shahjadee, F. Khanam, A. Z. Rupa, and M. A. K. Azad. "Effect of chemical agents, metallic salts on the stability of α-amylase, protease and comparative analyses of enzyme activity of selected salad vegetables." Food Research 4, no. 4 (March 3, 2020): 1066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(4).259.
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The present investigation was conducted to analyze the activity of enzymes (protease, αamylase, cellulase and urease) of selected salad vegetables (white radish, red radish, beet, carrot, papaya, cucumber and tomato) as well as to determine the effect of chemical agents and metallic salts on the stability of enzymes. Salad vegetables are one of the cheap sources of adequate vitamins, minerals and enzymes. The protease, α-amylase and cellulase activity were highest in papaya (4.11±0.21 U/g, 1.68±0.21 U/g and 0.26±0.13 U/ g) whereas the urease activity was not detected in papaya, cucumber and tomato. The protease, α-amylase and cellulase activity of papaya were increased 24.83%, 42.26% and 57.69% than cucumber while the cellulase activity of carrot was increased 44.45% than tomato. The activity of protease and α-amylase of beet were decreased 52.44%, 33.63% while the cellulase activity of beet was increased 36.36% from radish. The toxicity indicating urease enzyme activity was not detected in papaya, tomato and cucumber but negligible in radish, beet and carrot which can be nullified. The activities of enzymes were increased in the presence of metallic salts such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ while Fe2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ inhibited the enzyme's activity moderately. Results revealed that in the presence of higher concentrations of urea, EDTA and acetic acid, the activities of all the enzymes were completely inhibited.
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Al-Dhabi, Naif Abdullah, Galal Ali Esmail, Abdul-Kareem Mohammed Ghilan, and Mariadhas Valan Arasu. "Composting of Vegetable Waste Using Microbial Consortium and Biocontrol Efficacy of Streptomyces Sp. Al-Dhabi 30 Isolated from the Saudi Arabian Environment for Sustainable Agriculture." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 6845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236845.
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Thirty-seven root-associated Actinomycetes were isolated from the tomato plant for plant growth promoting activity. Among these, ten were selected for phosphate solubilisation, the production of siderophores, and indole acetic acid. Out of ten, eight Actinomycetes solubilised phosphate, whereas, Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi 30 showed better activity (43.1 mg/dL). Actinomycetes produced siderophore and the concentration ranged between 1.6 and 42.1 μg/mL. Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi 30 showed the ability to produce a maximum amount of indole acetic acid (IAA) (43 μg/mL), chitinase (43.1 U/mL), cellulase (67 U/mL), and protease (121 U/mL) than other strains. Further, vegetable waste was used as the bulk material for composting using Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi 30 along with microbial consortium. Total nitrogen content was 3.8% in Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi 30 inoculated compost, whereas 2.7% organic nitrogen was detected in the control. In the compost vegetable waste, the C:N ratio was 10.07, whereas it was 17.51 in the control. The vegetable waste composted with Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi 30, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 33222, and Candidautilis ATCC 9950 showed antagonistic activity and the supplemented compost enhanced shoot, root height, and total weightin tomato plants. These findings clearly suggest the use of Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi 30 as a potential biocontrol agent.
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Trejo-Solís, Cristina, Jose Pedraza-Chaverrí, Mónica Torres-Ramos, Dolores Jiménez-Farfán, Arturo Cruz Salgado, Norma Serrano-García, Laura Osorio-Rico, and Julio Sotelo. "Multiple Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Action of Lycopene in Cancer Inhibition." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/705121.
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Epidemiological studies suggest that including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in regular dietary intake might prevent and reverse cellular carcinogenesis, reducing the incidence of primary tumours. Bioactive components present in food can simultaneously modulate more than one carcinogenic process, including cancer metabolism, hormonal balance, transcriptional activity, cell-cycle control, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Some studies have shown an inverse correlation between a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and carotenoids and a low incidence of different types of cancer. Lycopene, the predominant carotenoid found in tomatoes, exhibits a high antioxidant capacity and has been shown to prevent cancer, as evidenced by clinical trials and studies in cell culture and animal models.In vitrostudies have shown that lycopene treatment can selectively arrest cell growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting normal cells.In vivostudies have revealed that lycopene treatment inhibits tumour growth in the liver, lung, prostate, breast, and colon. Clinical studies have shown that lycopene protects against prostate cancer. One of the main challenges in cancer prevention is the integration of new molecular findings into clinical practice. Thus, the identification of molecular biomarkers associated with lycopene levels is essential for improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying its antineoplastic activity.
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Kurkina, Yu N. "Phenoloxidase activity of micromycetes strains isolated from the rhizosphere of vegetable leguminous crops." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-109-112.
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Relevance. Microscopic fungi exhibit the greatest exoenzymatic activity, and xylotrophs are capable of possessing a complex of oxidase and hydrolase enzymes to destroy lignin.Methods. Among the soil micromycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of annual leguminous crops, a search was made for strains that are promising from the point of view of effective microorganism technology, in order to create optimal conditions for increasing soil fertility and crop yields. The detection of total phenol oxidase activity was carried out according to the method of Bavendamm, cultivating the strains on microbiological agar with the addition of an aromatic lignin derivative (0.06% tannin) and the growth factor was calculated. The cellulase activity of the strains was judged by the degree of hydrolysis of the filter paper. Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris, Botrytis fabae, Cunninghamella echinulata, Curvularia lunata, Macrophoma phaseolicola, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride and Ulocladium botrytis strains were found to cleave lignin and cellulose.Results. When comparing the phenoloxidase activity of the strains, it was proposed to take into account the growth factor, expressed as the ratio of the diameter of the colony on the substrate with the addition of tannin to the diameter of the colony without tannin. Thus, perspective strains of T. koningii and U. botrytis strains with respect to the complex activity of enzymes were identified. The strains C. lunata, A. alternata and B. australiensis showed high cellulase activity. The strain of non-pathogenic soil fungus C. echinulata has the ability to degrade lignin
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Istrati, D., I. Lacatusu, N. Bordei, G. Badea, O. Oprea, L. M. Stefan, R. Stan, N. Badea, and A. Meghea. "Phyto-mediated nanostructured carriers based on dual vegetable actives involved in the prevention of cellular damage." Materials Science and Engineering: C 64 (July 2016): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.087.
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Xu, Ying, Tao Zhang, Mengyao Lu, Ruru Liu, Yiwen Guo, Ruijie Liu, Ming Chang, and Xingguo Wang. "Effects of chain length and saturation of triglycerides on cellular antioxidant activity of vegetable oil emulsions." LWT 146 (July 2021): 111437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111437.
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Fashae, Olutoyin, Adeyemi Olusola, and Oluwatola Adedeji. "Geospatial Analysis of Changes in Vegetation Cover over Nigeria." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgeo-2017-0010.
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AbstractVegetation cover over Nigeria has been on the decrease recently, hence the need for adequate monitoring using geo-information technology. This study examined the spatio-temporal variation of vegetation cover over Nigeria for thirty years with a view to developing a strategy for enhancing environmental sustainability. In order to predict the spatial extent of vegetation cover in 2030, the study utilised satellite images from between 1981 and 2010 using the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) coupled with cellular automata and Markov chain techniques in ArcGIS 10.3. The results showed that dense vegetal areas decreased in area from 358,534.2 km2in 1981 to 207,812 km2in 2010, while non-vegetal areas increased from 312,640.8 km2in 1981 to 474,436.4 km2in 2010 with a predicted increase to 501,504.9 km2by 2030, i.e. an increase of about 27,068.4 km2between 2010 and 2030. The study concluded that geoinformation techniques are effective in monitoring long-term intra- and inter-annual variability of vegetation and also useful in developing sustainable strategies for combating ecological hazards.
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Heasman, Janet, Alison Snape, J. C. Smith, and C. C. Wylie. "The nature of developmental restrictions in Xenopus laevis embryos." Development 97, Supplement (October 1, 1986): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.97.supplement.65.
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Fate maps of the late blastula stage of the Xenopus laevis embryo indicate that the cells of the vegetal pole area are destined to become part of the endoderm germ layer (Keller, 1975; Heasman, Wylie, Hausen & Smith, 1984). By labelling single cells from this region and transplanting them into the blastocoel cavity of host embryos, we have shown that the determinative process that restricts blastomeres to this their normal fate occurs between the early blastula and early gastrula stages (Heasman et al. 1984). To progress towards an understanding of this process, we need to establish some fundamental points. In particular, the following issues are discussed here. (1) Is cell interaction required for determination to proceed? (2) What is the cellular nature of determination? We have used the labelling and transplantation technique described previously (Heasman, Snape, Smith & Wylie, 1985; Heasman, Snape, Smith, Holwill & Wylie, 1985) to study these questions in relation to the mechanism of determination of vegetal pole cells in Xenopus laevis.
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Pop, Cristian-Emilian, Sorin Draga, Roxana Măciucă, Roxana Niță, Nicolae Crăciun, and Robert Wolff. "Bisphenol A Effects in Aqueous Environment on Lemna minor." Processes 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091512.
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The link between different plastic waste pollutants and their impact on the natural aquatic environment and food chain remains a constant and growing issue. Bisphenol A (BPA), a known endocrine disruptor produced in large quantities primarily in the industry of polycarbonate plastics, can accumulate in vegetal and animal tissue, thus magnifying through trophic levels. In this study we exposed viable specimens of the aquatic plant Lemna minor under controlled conditions to 50, 100 and 200 ppm BPA levels in order to partially observe the toxic effects of BPA. Colonies ceased to form during the exposure and chlorosis was present especially in the 100 ppm group. Interestingly enough, a high density formation of non-fermenting bacteria as well as coliforms was also observed in the BPA exposed cultures but not in the control groups. The levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the vegetal tissue indicated cellular insults and severe damage, results that were correlated with the HPLC BPA determined concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%.
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CRĂCIUN, LUIZA M., BRANDUSA G. DUMITRIU, LAURA OLARIU, DIANA M. ENE, ABDI ADIL, and NATALIA ROSOIU. "Antioxidant effect of a vegetal grape waste complex, demonstrated in relevant dermal and epidermal cellular systems." Romanian Biotechnological Letters 25, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 1432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25083/rbl/25.2/1432.1439.
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WANG, DANHUI, ZIYUAN WANG, FEI HE, AMANDA J. KINCHLA, and SAM R. NUGEN. "Enzymatic Digestion for Improved Bacteria Separation from Leafy Green Vegetables." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 1378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-581.
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ABSTRACT An effective and rapid method for the separation of bacteria from food matrix remains a bottleneck for rapid bacteria detection for food safety. Bacteria can strongly attach to a food surface or internalize within the matrix, making their isolation extremely difficult. Traditional methods of separating bacteria from food routinely involve stomaching, blending, and shaking. However, these methods may not be efficient at removing all the bacteria from complex matrices. Here, we investigate the benefits of using enzyme digestion followed by immunomagnetic separation to isolate Salmonella from spinach and lettuce. Enzymatic digestion using pectinase and cellulase was able to break down the structure of the leafy green vegetables, resulting in the detachment and release of Salmonella from the leaves. Immunomagnetic separation of Salmonella from the liquefied sample allowed an additional separation step to achieve a more pure sample without leaf debris that may benefit additional downstream applications. We have investigated the optimal combination of pectinase and cellulase for the digestion of spinach and lettuce to improve sample detection yields. The concentrations of enzymes used to digest the leaves were confirmed to have no significant effect on the viability of the inoculated Salmonella. Results reported that the recovery of the Salmonella from the produce after enzyme digestion of the leaves was significantly higher (P <0.05) than traditional sample preparation methods to separate bacteria (stomaching and manually shaking). The results demonstrate the potential for use of enzyme digestion prior to separation can improve the efficiency of bacteria separation and increase the likelihood of detecting pathogens in the final detection assay.
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Elsayed, Galal A., and Ali Kh Khalil. "Facile Synthesis of Chalcone Glycosides Isolated from Aerial Parts of Brassica rapa l. ‘hidabeni'." Current Organic Synthesis 15, no. 3 (April 27, 2018): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179414666170824161618.
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Background: The Cruciferous family of vegetables which includes Brassica Turnips showed antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. The phytochemical investigations of the aerial parts of the traditional Japanese turnip vegetable (B. rapa L. 'hidabeni') revealed the presence of three chalcone glycosides, along with other glycoside components. As many natural products inhibited Ag-stimulated degranulation in cellular system, those chalcone glycosides have biological significance of suppressing antigen-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. Aim and Objective: Further investigation on the biological importance of those chalcone glycosides demands ample quantities of well-defined compounds. Therefore, we report herein a convenient and concise synthetic approach for the preparation of those chalcone glycosides. Materials and Methods: 4'-O-β-D-Glucopyransoyl-4-hydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone and 4'-O-(β-D-Glucopyransoyl)- 3',4-dimethoxychalcone were synthesized using a three-step strategy includes: i) O-glucosylation of 4-OH of 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy acetophenone (Acetovanillone); ii) introduction of the cinnamoyl residue by aldol condensation with p-benzyloxy benzaldehyde and p-methoxy benzaldehyde respectively; iii) full debenzylation of all the sugar hydroxyl groups. Meanwhile, 4,4'-Di-O-β-D-glucopyransoyl-3-methoxychalcone was synthesized by an alternative way where a double armed aglycon acceptor was utilized in a one pot double glycosylation reaction. Results: Constructing the target chalcone glycosides: 4'-O-β-D-Glucopyransoyl-4-hydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone, 4'-O-(β-D-Glucopyransoyl)-3',4-dimethoxychalcone and 4,4'-Di-O-β-D-glucopyransoyl-3-methoxychalcone were achieved in 13%, 14%, and 90% yields. Conclusion: A simple and practical synthetic procedure by which the target chalcone glycosides were synthesized could be a promising and viable method. Furthermore, this strategy could be utilized in the synthesis of various O-diglycosyl chalcones having more complicated structures.
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Bubunenko, Mikhail, and Mary Lou King. "Biochemical characterization of a cellular structure retaining vegetally localized RNAs inXenopus late stage oocytes." Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 80, no. 4 (2001): 560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4644(20010315)80:4<560::aid-jcb1010>3.0.co;2-o.
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Blesso, Christopher N. "Dietary Anthocyanins and Human Health." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (September 5, 2019): 2107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092107.
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Anthocyanins may contribute to the inverse relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and chronic disease. Anthocyanins are pigments found in plant structures that consist of an anthocyanidin (aglycone) attached to sugar moieties. Anthocyanins may be beneficial for health through effects on cellular antioxidant status and inflammation; however, their underlying mechanisms of action in their protection of chronic diseases are likely complex and require further elucidation. This Special Issue comprises 8 peer-reviewed papers (including 6 original research articles) which highlight the diverse bioactivities of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich foods in the protection against chronic disease.
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Minich, Deanna M. "A Review of the Science of Colorful, Plant-Based Food and Practical Strategies for “Eating the Rainbow”." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2125070.
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Over the past decades, thousands of published studies have amassed supporting recommendations to consume fruits and vegetables for physiological and psychological health. Newer research has emerged to suggest that these plant-based foods contain a plethora of not only vitamins and minerals, but perhaps, most importantly, phytonutrients. These phytonutrients have known pleiotropic effects on cellular structure and function, ultimately resulting in the modulation of protein kinases and subsequent epigenetic modification in a manner that leads to improved outcomes. Even though eating fruits and vegetables is a well-known feature of a healthy dietary pattern, population intakes continue to be below federal recommendations. To encourage consumers to include fruits and vegetables into their diet, an “eat by color” approach is proposed in this review. Although each individual food may have numerous effects based on its constituents, the goal of this simplified approach was to identify general patterns of benefits based on the preponderance of scientific data and known mechanisms of food-based constituents. It is suggested that such a consumer-oriented categorization of these plant-based foods may lead to greater recognition of their importance in the daily diet throughout the lifespan. Other adjunctive strategies to heighten awareness of fruits and vegetables are discussed.
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Maeda, Hiroshi, Takao Satoh, and Waliul Islam. "Preparation of function-enhanced vegetable oils." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 6, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v6i1.223.
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Background: Previously, we (HM) found that most commercially available edible oils, which were processed by hexane extraction followed by a number of purification steps, were extremely low in anti-peroxy radical (ROO.), or radical scavenging activity. This is a great contrast to the respective virgin oils as exemplified by extra-virgin olive oil or crude rape seed oil [1-4] (Figure 1). Therefore, such highly purified oils will became prooxidant and less desirable food components in terms of health oriented diet. Oxidized oils may eventually cause DNA cleavages, modification of proteins, RNA, and lipids, as well as cellular damage, or promote inflammation and carcinogenesis at later time [5-9]. These commercial oils of low antioxidant activity may be improved by adding functionally effective antioxidative components, by using dried vegetable-waste such as tomato-juice-waste-residues and wine-ferment-waste-residues. Their antioxiative components will be transferred into the functionally poor grade edible oils, and consequently, one can improve the quality of such functionally poor oils and thereby contributing human health [2,8,9]. The purpose of this paper is to report a practical procedure to fortify functionally low grade conventional edible oils to functionally enriched edible oils using dried vegetable-waste residues such as tomato juice waste, and wine-ferment-residues, or other vegetable-waste residues.Methods: (1) Preparation and measurements of lycopene and carotenoid enriched oils. To 5.0g or 1.0g of the dried residue of tomato juice waste, 100ml of commercial rape seed (canola) oil was added respectively. Each mixture was incubated at room temperature in dark for several weeks. Amount of lycopene and carotenoids extracted into the oil was monitored by increase of absorption (400-550nm) and fluorescence at 470nm of carotenoid. Grape-juice ferment (wine) waste was similarly prepared after hot air drying, and immersed in canola oil.(2) Evaluation of function-enriched edible oils: Preventive effect of lipid peroxidation;(a) Heat exposure: Commercial rape-seed oil and extra virgin oil were used as controls. For preparation of the test samples (function fortified oils) of tomato-juice waste-residue and grape wine- ferment waste-residues, it is described in above section (1). All oil preparations were exposed to high temperature at 150oC and peroxide value (POV), acid value and TBARS were measured at various times as described. The methods of measurements of POV, acid value and TBARS were adapted conventional standard method described elsewhere. (b) Light exposure: Similar to (a) they were exposed to excessive light using Nippon Ikaga Kikai (Tokyo), LH-200-RDS equipped with fluorescent light tube (x3), NEC FL40S-2XN, 3.2K lux at 390-730nm. Result and Discussions: (1) Extraction of carotenoids etc.Modern edible oil refining processes are highly elaborated and efficient. The most of the commercial edible oils in the market are so purified that many important antioxidant components are mostly removed during refining process. Oils became mostly colorless and odorless; and they lack are devoid of anti-oxidative or radical scavenging components. We measured anti-alkyl peroxy radical (ROO.)-scavenging activity, and found that many commercial oils have very little such activity (Figure 1).Many disposal- of tomato juice or extraction waste-residues in wine making, yet contained significant amount of functionally useful components that may be recovered by immersing the dried waste residues in the functionally poor oil, ie., low grade oils. Figure 2A, B shows it was indeed possible to recover such component like lycopene and carotenoids, and the spectrum of this oil exhibits multiple peaks correspond tomato lycopene.(2) Antioxidation activity:(a) Acid value after light and heat exposure. Commercial highly purified edible oils are vulnerable for oxidation and resulting in lipid or alkyl hydroperoxides formation (ROOH), which undergo formation lipid (alkyl) peroxyl radicals which (ROO.) in the presence of heme or other metallic compounds (ROOH à ROO.) (Figure 1) [5, 11]. This peroxyradical can break DNA/RNA or damage proteins and lead to cell death [4-7, 11].Time course of carotenoids extraction into the purified canola oil, in which 1 or 5% (dry wt/wt) of tomato juice waste-residue yielded a significantly high carotenoid values, and extraction reached a plateau in about two to three weeks (Fig. 2A). The absorption spectrum shows multiple peaks corresponding lycopene (Fig. 2B). (b) Anti-POV after heat and light exposure. Upon exposure to oxidation condition, POV was significantly suppressed to 25% after 5 hrs at 150oC and light exposure (above) to the 5% (w/w) tomato-residue-treated oil, and showed suppression of POV to about 25% (net) at 5 hrs (Fig. 3). (c) TBARS value after light and heat exposure. Figure 4C, D shows results of function fortified effect in oils treated with tomato- and wine ferment-waste-residues. They also showed significant suppression against the increase of acid value and POV (Figure 4A, B), which is consistent with absorption spectra.These results indicate antioxidant components in dried tomato juice-waste-residues and wine ferment waste-residues were extracted into commercial low functional grade rapeseed oil. The results warrant a simple procedure to convert low quality edible oils to function-enriched high grade oils. The procedure not only prevents oxidation of oils, but also beneficial in providing various functional components such as polyphenolics, flavonoids, carotenoid, or lycopene. This method and products thus obtained will ultimately benefit human health such as prevention of cancer and inflammation [8, 9, 11]. We have previously published that alkyl peroxyradical facilitates promotion step in carcinogenesis, and it was suppressed by various vegetable soup extracts, thus in suppressing promotion step in multistep carcinogenesis [2, 4, 10]. The step may be related to the suppression of inflammatory process as well via activation of cyclooxygenase I and i-NOS, as well as tumor necrosis factor [8, 9].In the manufacturing traditional Japanese rape-seed (canola) oil, the seeds were roasted at high temperature. We found during this heating process, new antioxidant component (canolol), which is a potent scavenger of alkylperoxyl radical and peroxinitrite (ONOO-), was efficiently generated, and the oil became much healthier benefit than highly purified rape seed oil in the market, which are prepared by hexane extraction and other purification steps.In these few decades’ vegetable oils are considered not healthy dietary components. This is probably due to preciously important antioxidants components, which originally did exist as intrinsic components in the seeds, were removed so effectively during manufacturing and purification processes. As a result, vegetable oils became prooxidant or procarcinogen, and thus unfavorable food staff. Now our method described herein provide easy enrichment procedure for functional components utilizing wasted residues of vegetable including wine and juice making.Keywords: antioxidative components, enrichment of edible oils, lipid oxidation, dried vegetable-waste-residues.
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Ikenishi, Kohji, and Sakiko Nakazato. "Monoclonal antibody production against a sub-cellular fraction of vegetal pole cytoplasm containing the “germ plasm” of." Cell Differentiation and Development 27 (August 1989): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-3371(89)90476-0.
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