Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules cancéreuses – Prolifération – Prévention'
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Turcotte, Vanessa. "Synthèse, bioisostérisme et évaluation biologique de nouveaux dérivés N-Phényluréidobenzène sulfonates et N-Phényluréidobenzène sulfonamides anticancéreux bloquant le cycle cellulaire en phase S." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28991/28991.pdf.
Full textMassa, Fabienne. "Rôle du système neurotensinergique dans la prolifération et l'adhésion des cellules cancéreuses de colon." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4055.
Full textNeurotensin (NT) can act in periphery and in the central nervous system. Two of this receptors are G protein coupled receptors (NTSR1 and NTSR2) and the third, is a type I receptor with one transmembrane domain (NTSR3 or sortilin). NT and NTSR1 are both implicated in tumoral progression and there are overexpressed in a lot of cancer. NT induces proliferation of cancerous cells which are mediated by NTSR1 which may transactivate the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). We demonstrated that NT doesn’t transactivate the EGFR in HT29 cell line, a human adenocarcinoma of colon. NTSR3 is a multifunctional protein, is implicated in sorting of proteins, proliferation, differenciation… Moreover, once at the plasma membrane, NTSR3 can be hydrolysed and freed in a soluble form, in the extracellular medium (sNTSR3). During my PhD, I demonstrated that the sNTSR3 is an active molecule with a biological activity, as it induces the release of intracellular calcium. The sNTSR3 activates intracellular signaling like the complex FAK-Src, PKCα and Pi3K pathway, leading to an increase in cancerous cell adhesion. Furthermore, sNTSR3 increases E-Cadherin expression, space between cells and enhances the proliferation induced by EGF. Taken together, these results indicate that the soluble form of NTSR3 can be implicated in tumoral progression
Bouchard, Gina. "Prévention de la migration radio-induite des cellules cancéreuses du sein." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9618.
Full textHuin, Cécile. "Expression des récepteurs activés par les proliférateurs de peroxysomes (PPAR) au niveau du colon sain et tumoral." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0245_HUIN.pdf.
Full textPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor family. Three isotypes of PPAR have been described in humans (a, NUC-1 also called b or d; and g). PPAR have been implicated in a variety of biological processes including colon cancer. We have studied the expression of PPAR in colonic tissues in three biological situations: during development of the human fetal digestive tract, in Caco-2 cells used as a model of enterocyte-like differentiation and in biopsies from tumoral and normal adjacent human colon. The PPAR subtypes are expressed as early as 7 weeks of foetus development in cell types of endoderm and mesoderm origins. The presence of PPARg protein is found by Western blotting and that of the encoding mRNA by nuclease-S1 protection assay, confirming that this subtype is not adipocyte-specific. PPARa, PPARb and PPARg exhibit different spatio-temporal patterns of expression during morphogenesis of the digestive tract. Whatever the stage and the gut region (except the stomach) examined, PPARg is expressed at a high level, suggesting some fundamental role for this receptor in development and/or physiology of the human digestive tract. The expression of PPARa and g was next studied in Caco-2 cells. This cell line exhibits enterocyte-like differentiation during long term culture. We showed by immunohistochemistry that both isotype protein levels increased gradually during cell differentiation Using Nuclease S1 protection assay, we demonstrated that there is not a concomitant increase in the transcriptional level of PPAR subtypes, especially PPARa and isoforme PPARg2 which seemed to be regulated at the translational level. Since PPARg has been involved in human colon carcinoma, we finally investigated the expression of this PPAR subtype in biopsies obtained from human colon adenocarcinoma. At the transcriptional level, PPARg was less abundant in tumours than in normal-paired tissues. In contrast, using immunohistochemistry we showed that the PPARg protein amount was more abundant in tumoral tissues. In addition PPARg immunostaining was exclusively found in cytoplasm. Moreover, in normal adjacent tissues PPARg was present in the upper one-third of the crypts suggesting that PPARg expression is associated to the differentiation/maturation process of columnar cells
Fanuel-Barret, Dominique. "Influence de l'épidermal growth factor sur la photochimiothérapie in vitro de cellules de glioblastomes." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT05VS.
Full textDavid, Laurent. "Potentialités de prolifération et de différenciation cellulaires dans un hydrogel d'acide hyaluronique." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES026.
Full textThe hyaluronique acid (HA) is one of the main elements of the extracellular matrix. The role of the membrane HA receptors (CD44, RHAMM) and hyaluronidases are still controversial. We thus developed the production of HA hydrogels, in which we studied the differenciation and the proliferation of cancer cells and haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The hydrogel invasion is dependent on the production of hyaluronidase but other factors contribute to it (regulation of CD44 activity, HA secretion). At the same time, we demonstrated that in 3D culture the cancer cells were much more resistant to the antimitotics than in usual culture. Finally, the HA hydrogels allowed us to obtain a culture medium close to the bone marrow microenvironment, compatible with not only HSC survival (until 6 months) but also growth and differenciation
Zhou-Li, Fei. "Contrôle hormonal de la prolifération d'une nouvelle lignée cellulaire." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1H054.
Full textLassalle, Thomas. "Implication du récepteur-relié à l'oestrogène alpha dams la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses coliques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3971.
Full textGadéa, Gilles. "Etude des mécanismes de contrôle de la migration cellulaire par le gène suppresseur de tumeurs p53." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20083.
Full textLoiselle, Andréanne. "Les protéines NCOR1 et CHD8 ont des rôles fonctionnels communs dans des cellules cancéreuses colorectales humaines." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11521.
Full textBessard, Anne. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la cascade de signalisation des MAPKinases contrôlant la motilité et la prolifération des cellules hépatiques normales et transformées." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S035.
Full textSobolewski, Cyril. "Effets d'inhibiteurs de la cyclooxygénase-2 sur la prolifération et la survie de cellules cancéreuses hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10102/document.
Full textCyclooxygenases (COXs) are a family of enzymes, which catalyze the rate-limiting step in prostaglandin biosynthesis. COX-2 is the inducible isoform, upregulated during inflammation and overexpressed in various cancers. There are evidences of a role for COX-2 in cell proliferation and apoptosis especially in solid tumors, whereas little is known for cancers of hematopoietic origin. In our study, we analyzed the effect of COX-2 inhibitors (nimesulide, NS-398 and celecoxib) on cell proliferation and apoptosis of a panel of leukemic and lymphoblastic cell lines, Hel, Jurkat, K562, K562, Raji and U937. We found that the different inhibitors slow down cell proliferation in the different hematologic cell lines tested. U937 cells appeared as the most sensitive, whereas K562 were the most resistant to this effect. We provide evidence that this modulation corresponds to an accumulation of the cells in G0/G1 paralleled by an early downregulation of c-Myc and the expression of cell type-specific differentiation markers in U937 (CD15) and Hel (CD41a and CD61). In the second part of our study, we investigate the effect of COX-2 inhibitors on apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents in our cell models. We demonstrated that COX-2 inhibitors strongly prevent apoptosis induced by a panel of chemotherapeutic agents. We demonstrated an early prevention of apoptotic signaling, prior to Bax/Bak activation. The preventive effect is associated with an impairment of the ability of chemotherapeutic agents to trigger their apoptogenic stress. Altogether, our results demonstrate an anti-apoptotic effect of COX-2 inhibitors on intrinsic vs. extrinsic apoptosis at early steps of apoptosis commitment. These results suggest cautions in the use of COX-2 inhibitors with chemotherapy. In the third part of our project, we investigated the combination of COX-2 inhibitors with curcumin, a natural product known for its anti-tumor properties. Our findings show that curcumin alone leads to an accumulation of U937 cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle, followed by an induction of apoptosis. However, the pretreatment of U937 cells with celecoxib at non-apoptogenic concentrations, counteracted curcumin-induced apoptosis, thus showing that this combination is not a good anti-cancer strategy in our cell models. The chronic use of COX-2 inhibitors can be associated with severe side effects due to the inhibition of COX-2 enzyme. In the last part of our project, we demonstrated that 2,5 dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC), a structurally analogue of celecoxib, which is not able to inhibit COX-2 activity, induces an inhibition of cell proliferation and an induction of apoptosis in U937 and K562 cells. These effects are stronger than those observed with celecoxib. Thus, this compound demonstrated better anti-tumor properties and may represent a promising therapeutic approach against leukemia. Altogether, our study supports the idea that COX-2 inhibitors display anti-tumor effects in our cell models, but only when administrated alone. The effects observed with DMC suggest that this compound may represent an alternative approach to COX-2 inhibitors in cancer therapy
Klein, Jean-Louis. "Inhibition de la prolifération de cellules cancéreuses : études comparatives entre un nouveau facteur placentaire et le TGF Beta." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T113.
Full textPaquin, Marie-Christine. "Mécanismes de contrôle du facteur de transcription E2F4 dans les cellules épithéliales intestinales normales et cancéreuses." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6250.
Full textZerradi, Mouna. "L'implication de la 17Beta-Hydroxysteroide deshydrogenase type 1 et de la tropomyosine-1 alpha dans la progression et l'invasion des cellules cancéreuses du sein." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27290.
Full textVanoverberghe, Karine. "Étude de l'altération de l'homéostasie calcique dans l'arrêt de croissance et la différenciation neuroendocrine des cellules cancéreuses prostatiques humaines." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-49.pdf.
Full textLinares, Vera Peggy. "Recherche d'inhibiteurs spécifiques de la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses : étude de l'activité de la thioproline sur les cellules mammaires humaines HBL-100, normales et transformées." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P641.
Full textHoussin, Élise. "Étude des effets des activateurs du récepteur X farnésoïde (FXR) sur la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses de la prostate." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27710/27710.pdf.
Full textCoiret, Guyllaume. "Implication du canal BK dans l'effet des oestrogènes et du tamoxifène sur la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses mammaires humaines." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIED003.
Full textBreast cancer is the main women neoplasia and constitutes a major problem of public health. Breast carcinogenesis clearly implies estrogens, whose action belongs to the activation of two signalling pathways: a “genomic” pathway that regulates the expression of target genes and an “alternative” pathway which takes place rapidly and independently of a transcriptional activity. In the view of the estrogens’ dependence of breast cancer, the main treatments consist to antagonize these hormones’ action by the use of anti-estrogenic compounds such as tamoxifen. Moreover, it was shown that proliferation and apoptosis of breast carcinoma mammary cells are regulated by potassium channels. The goal of my thesis was to study the potassium channels’ regulation by estrogens and anti-estrogenic compounds and to determine if this regulation could participate to the effects of these factors on the growth of human breast cancer cells. Our results show that low doses of 17 ß estradiol and tamoxifen activate the high conductance potassium channel (BK) in human breast cancer cells of the MCF-7 line and that this effect is implied in the increase of their proliferation. Furthermore, we have shown that ß1 and ß4 subunits of BK channels seem to be implied in their regulation by these factors. We also show that high doses of tamoxifen decrease the growth of these cells and modulate in a biphasic fashion a voltage and calcium-dependent potassium channel. We suggest that BK channel activation by 17 ß estradiol should promote the membrane hyperpolarization which is linked to the progression of breast cancer cells into the cell cycle. To conclude, our results permit us to propose that estrogens and tamoxifen effects on the BK channel should be taken into consideration in the development of more efficient breast cancer treatments
Davenne, Lise. "Implication des métabolites sphingolipidiques dans la prolifération, la survie et la réponse des cellules cancéreuses pancréatiques aux molécules chimiothérapeutiques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/739/.
Full textSphingolipids are a new class of messengers involved in cancerogenesis. The balance between ceramide (apoptotic agent) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P, pro-survival), regulated in part by the sphingosine kinases (SphKs), determines cell fate. Our first work investigated the implication of the sphingolipid rheostat in the resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. We showed a strong SphK1 expression in tumoral but not in normal pancreatic ducts. We also showed a correlation between SphK1 activity and gemcitabine response in four pancreatic cancer cell lines. We then established that an elevated ceramide/S1P ratio associated to a weak SphK1 activity correlated with a better sensitivity to gemcitabine. Decreasing this ratio decreased pancreatic cancer cell survival and sensitized cells to gemcitabine. Conversely, increasing theis ratio in these cells rendered them more resistant to gemcitabine and increased their proliferation. In a second time, we investigated in pancreatic cells the expression and the role of SphK2. We showed that SphK2 is expressed in human normal, but not cancerous, pancreatic cells and tissues. Inhibiting SphK2 expression in normal cells increased their proliferation. Conversely, re-expressing SphK2 in a pancreatic cancer cell line decreased cell proliferation and survival in part by involving the activation of executioner caspases. Interestingly, this re-expression of SphK2 also impaired pancreatic cancer cells to form tumor when xenografted in immuno-deficient mice. All these results suggest that the sphingolipid metabolism plays a critical role in pancreatic tumorogenesis and response to chemotherapeutic treatments of pancreatic cancer
Leblanc, Kim. "L'impact des traitements des cancer du sein par les anti-estrogènes : effets sur la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses utérines." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1773/1/000132178.pdf.
Full textEtique, Nicolas. "Mécanisme d'action de l'éthanol sur la prolifération et la migration des cellules cancéreuses mammaires MCF-7 : implication de la voie de signalisation des oestrogènes." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0144_ETIQUE.pdf.
Full textMany epidemiological studies have shown that chronic alcohol consumption increases significantly the incidence of breast cancer. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies show that ethanol can promote not only tumorogenesis but also tumor cells migration. These effects seem to be related to the hormone dependent status of breast cancer cells. The aim of our study was to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms by using the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. First, we have confirmed that ethanol can stimulate the proliferation of these cells. We demonstrated that this effect is associated to an increase in the expression of ERa, COX-2 and aromatase, the enzyme responsible for estrogen synthesis. In contrast, other alcohols, such as methanol or butanol, decrease significantly the proliferation and do not increase the aromatase protein level. In the cell migration context, we have shown that ethanol stimulates the MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion. This ethanol-induced increase in MMP-9 secretion is dependent of ERa activation. Ethanol could act not only by an increase in the local concentration of estrogens via aromatase overexpression, but also by an ERa ligand-independent activation that we have shown to be mediated by the AMPc/PKA signalling pathway and the A2a adenosine receptor. This receptor could be a new therapeutic target in the treatment of breast carcinoma
Noyer, Lucile. "Role of Orai1 in prostate cancer proliferation and cancer stem cell quiescence/activation transition." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1S111.
Full textProstate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent and the third deadliest cancer in men in Europe. Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a rare subset of cancer cells possessing stem cell properties leading to a high resistance to therapy and an enhanced tumorigenicity. As a result, CSCs have been linked to tumor dormancy and relapse upon reactivation. Thus, the mechanisms regulating CSC dormancy/activation transition are of critical importance in PCa. Previous studies showed the importance of Orai proteins in PCa, through their roles in SOC (store-operated channel) and ARC (arachidonic acid-regulated calcium channel) channels. But the role of Orai1 in PCa proliferation and CSC physiology remained to be studied. Moreover, in order to bypass current targeting limitations for Orai1, we aimed to identify a partner protein able to regulate Orai1 in PCa. For this purpose, we focused on the Sigma 1 receptor (S1R), a chaperone protein capable of ion channel regulation. Interestingly, S1R expression is increased in PCa and this protein can bind many pharmacological compounds currently used for other clinical applications. This work thus aimed to first study the role of Orai1 in PCa and CSC physiology, and then characterize the role of S1R as a new regulator of Orai1 in PCa. Our results first show that Orai1 is a key regulator of CSC transition between quiescence and proliferation via the NFAT pathway. Moreover, this role is not limited to PCa, since these results were also confirmed in melanoma CSCs. We also show here that the S1R directly interacts with Orai1 and increases its activity, thus modulating PCa cell proliferation. Finally, we characterized the regulation of Orai1 and S1R expression by androgens, which is highly significant during PCa development. Our results therefore allowed the identification of a key regulator of PCa proliferation (Orai1), and propose an alternative method for its targeting via the identification of its partner protein (S1R). These results could lead to the development of new markers and innovative therapeutic strategies
Lambrecht, Valérie. "Régulation des sites de fixation du FGF-2 des cellules épithéliales mammaires normales et cancéreuses par des inhibiteurs de prolifération." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10095.
Full textLe ra est capable de réduire la croissance et d'induire une faible différenciation des seules cellules cancéreuses hormono-dependantes ; il n'entraîne cependant aucune diminution de l'activité UPA des cellules mammaires. Le NAB se révèle être un bon agent anticancéreux, capable de réduire a la fois la prolifération et le système UPA/pai-1 des cellules et pouvant en outre réorienter les cellules cancéreuses hormono-dépendantes vers un phénotype de cellules mammaires normales. Nous avons ainsi obtenu des situations expérimentales variées permettant l'étude de la régulation des sites de liaison du FGF-2. Aucun des agents utilises ne modifie de façon significative le nombre et l'affinité des FGFr mais le TGF1 et le NAB réduisent la prolifération cellulaire et l'activité UPA tout en augmentant la synthèse des HSPg. Ces deux agents pourraient donc exercer leurs effets biologiques en réduisant la biodisponibilité du FGF-2 endogène par séquestration dans les HSPg néosynthétisés. Afin de vérifier cette hypothèse nous avons soumis les cellules a l 'action des carraghenanes, recréant ainsi un environnement cellulaire proche de celui obtenu après action du TGF1 et du NAB. Nous avons observe que ces molécules régulent différemment la prolifération et l'activité UPA des cellules mammaires suggérant ainsi que le FGF-2 agit de manière distincte selon le statut normal ou cancéreux des cellules : ce facteur de croissance n'affecterait que la prolifération des cellules normales alors qu'il influencerait a la fois la prolifération et l'activité UPA des cellules tumorales. L'ensemble de nos résultats souligne donc le rôle important des HSPg dans le contrôle de la prolifération et de l'activité UPA des cellules cancéreuses mammaires
Aka, Juliette Adjo. "Étude de la contribution des enzymes 17β-hydroxystéroïdes déshydrogénases types 1 et 5 au développment du cancer du sein hormono-dépendant : approches moléculaires, cellulaires et protéomiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22307.
Full textGoursaud, Stéphanie. "Les récepteurs du PHI/PHM insensibles au GTP : régulation de l'expression au cours du développement et implication dans le contrôle de la prolifération cellulaire." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2284.
Full textThe neuropeptides VIP, PHI/PHM or PACAP modulate cells proliferation and differentiation, necessary for a normal neurodevelopment. They interact to VPAC1/2, receptors polyvalent for VIP and PACAP and PAC1, the PACAP-preferring receptor. A PHI/PHM specific receptor is not yet characterized. PHI can bind to high affinity GTP-insensitive sites, implicated in the Rodent neurodevelopment. We demonstrated that: (i) PHI could interact with high affinity GTP-insensitive sites only, in different newborn Rat tissues. GTP-sensitivity varied from 31 to 100% in the adult Rat tissues tested. A 24 kDa component, maybe a calmodulin-like protein, could regulate PHI binding sites GTP-sensitivity depending on developmental stages. (ii) PHM and VIP could stimulate the human H9 lymphoblasts proliferation. The VPAC1 receptor could probably transmit the PHM effects through high affinity GTP-insensitive binding sites
Lagadec, Chann. "Incidence de la sur expression de TrkA sur la croissance des cellules cancéreuses de sein." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-135.pdf.
Full textDelmas, Dominique. "Etude d'un polyphénol naturel, le resvératrol : effets sur la prolifération, le cycle cellulaire et l'apoptose de cellules cancéreuses coliques et hépatiques." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS064.
Full textLemay, Rosalie. "Prévention de l'augmentation de l'invasion des cellules cancéreuses du sein induite par les radiations avec un inhibiteur de COX-2." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8192.
Full textAbstract: Most women with early breast cancer are treated with radiotherapy to the whole breast. Despite the efficiency of this treatment, the dose of radiation is not calculated to eliminate all the residual cancer cells, but rather to obtain the best long-term results with minimal side-effects. The observed side-effects all result from inflammatory processes caused by radiation. Increase of inflammatory molecules expression and activity, such as cyclooxygenase-2, in normal and malignant tissues induce invasion and tumour angiogenesis. Both of these important mechanisms lead to metastasis formation. The general aim of this research project is to improve radiotherapy by decreasing breast cancer recurrence. Specific objectives were to determine with magnetic resonance imaging that irradiation of normal tissues could increase breast cancer cells invasiveness in vivo, stimulate tumour neovascularization and prevent radiation-enhanced invasion by the administration of an anti-inflammatory agent inhibiting selectively the cyclooxygenase-2 during radiotherapy. In this study, we have developed a new assay to monitor angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs in live mice using magnetic resonance imaging. This method would be a promising tool to test the effect of radiation on tumour angiogenesis. We also followed in a mouse model the invasion of mammary cancer cells implanted post-irradiation of healthy tissues. We demonstrated that irradiation of healthy tissues leads to an increase in mammary cancer cells invasion. Radiation-induced invasion was observed with a unique 30 Gy dose as well as with a more clinically-relevant fractionated protocol consisting in 5 irradiations of 7.5 Gy. Then, mice were treated with NS-398, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2. NS-398 limits the increase of invasion stimulated by radiation. These results could support new treatments development based on COX-2 inhibition to increase radiotherapy efficiency for women with breast cancer.
Garneau, Hugo. "Implication du facteur de transcription E2F4 dans le contrôle du cycle cellulaire, de la survie et de la sénescence des cellules épithéliales intestinales humaines normales et cancéreuses." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5805.
Full textGackière, Florian. "Rôle du canal calcique de type T Cav3.2 dans les cellules cancéreuses prostatiques humaines." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10066/document.
Full textProstate cancer inevitably evolves towards an incurable androgen-independent stage for which biomedical research attempts to identity new therapeutic targets. This progression is characterized by a neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cells accompanied by an overexpression of voltage-dependent T-type calcium channels (Cav3.2), responsible for an alteration of intracellular calcium homeostasis. The aim of this PhD thesis was to determine the involvement of Cav3.2 in human prostate cancer cells, mainly in neuroendocrine cells. Our results show that, in these non-excitable cells, Cav3.2 channels participate to basal calcium homeostasis by promoting calcium entry at resting membrane potential without contributing to the capacitative calcium entry triggered by calcium depletion from endoplasmic reticulum stores. ln addition, these channels are involved in the secretion of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase, a marker of prostatic epithelial cells, in neuroendocrine cells. Furthermore, we show that Cav3.2 channels are functionaly coupled to BK channels which constitute the main voltage-dependent potassium conductances in prostate cells. Finally, our work demonstrates that this coupling between both channels regulates prostate cancer cell proliferation. As a conclusion, this work contributes to the understanding of the role of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in human prostate cancer cells
Desmaison, Annaïck. "Impact des contraintes mécaniques sur la division cellulaire : analyse dans modèle tumoral multicellulaire en 3 dimensions : le sphéroïde." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2367/.
Full textA tumor micro-region consists of a heterogeneous cancer cell population organized in a 3D structure in which cell growth is influenced by interaction with the microenvironment. Changes in mechanical homeostasis within tissues are observed during tumor growth, leading to high pressure and tension forces within the growing tumor. Those changes in mechanical properties of the microenvironment participate to tumor development by influencing, amongst others, proliferation and migration of tumor cells. One important aspect of the control of proliferation is the regulation of the cell cycle. Many studies have demonstrated that mitosis progression, the division process of cell cycle, is not only biochemically regulated, but also mechanically regulated. However, the impact of mechanical cues on mitotic progression has essentially been documented using 2D monolayer-based models and very little is known about the consequences of mechanical stress on cell division within tumors. In this context, my goal was to investigate the impact of mechanical stress on cell division in MultiCellular Tumor Spheroids (MCTS), an in vitro model that mimics 3D cell organization and heterogeneity found in tumor microregions in vivo. We first induced mechanical stress on MCTS by restricting their growth in a confined environment. We demonstrated that mechanical stress impairs cell division. The study of the dynamics of mitosis progression within MCTS mechanically constrained in agarose, showed that mechanical stress induces a delay in prometaphase. This delay may be due to a transient defect in spindle assembly, and possibly implies actin filament dynamics. This defect in spindle assembly does not seem to induce a preferential orientation deviation of the division axis of cells within spheroids. Futhermore, we showed that in this mechanical stressed condition, drugs destabilizing the actomyosin cytoskeleton do not alter mitosis anymore, suggesting that signaling pathways could be activated and avoid aberrant mitosis progression. Altogether these results suggest that mechanical stress induced by progressive confinement of growing spheroid could slow down mitotic progression. However, a defect in mitosis progression could lead to chromosomes missegregation, responsible for increased genomic instability and cellular heterogeneity. This genetic heterogeneity characteristic of tumors is one of the major reasons for the limited efficiency of current therapeutic strategies. Mechanical stress might also induce the activation of specific pathways able to bypass the effect of certain drugs. This study paves the way for future research to a better understanding of the tumor cell response to mechanical cues similar to those encountered during in vivo tumor development. It could contribute to defining important characteristics of mechanical parameters of tumor on drug efficiency and open new perspectives in anti-tumor therapy
Zhang, Xue Guang. "L'Interleukine-6 est le facteur central de croissance du clone tumoral dans le myélome multiple humain." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20121.
Full textFeve, Marie. "Utilisation d'une approche de chimie biologie intégrative dans la recherche de nouvelles molécules actives sur la prolifération et la différenciation des cellules souches cancéreuses." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804357.
Full textBignon, Eric. "Anti-oestrogènes non-stéroi͏̈diens : relations structure-activité : étude des effets biologiques d'une série de triarylacrylonitriles dans la lignée de cellules cancéreuses mammaires humaines MCF-7." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20120.
Full textRavaud, Alain. "Modèle in vitro d'immunisation active antitumorale humaine par des cellules de présentation." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28579.
Full textTourkine, Nicolai͏̈. "Présence d'éléments intragéniques potentiellement impliqués dans le contrôle de la transcription des gènes c-fos et c-myc." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20043.
Full textBernard-Perrone, Françoise. "Etude de la protéine reg et du trypsinogène au cours des mécanismes de prolifération et de différenciation de l'épithelium intestinal, normal et cancéreux." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30019.
Full textOulidi, Agathe. "Rôles du calcium et des canaux TRP dans la croissance, la migration et la réponse au stress réticulaire des cellules cancéreuses prostatiques et urothéliales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10141/document.
Full textCancer cells acquire during carcinogenesis some characteristics such as insensitivity to the antiproliferative signals, resistance to apoptosis and reticular stress, the acquisition of invasive capacity. Numerous studies show involvement of calcium (Ca2+) in these different characteristics. According to recent data, the TRP channels (Transient Receptor Potential) are key players in calcium homeostasis. Several recent works have shown that changes of expression of some TRP channels could contribute to carcinogenesis, among other TRPV6 and TRPV2 in prostate and bladder cancers. Here we show that vitamin D3, studied for many years in cancer therapy for its anti-proliferative capacity, could also stimulates prostate cancer cells proliferation, this effect being associated with overexpression of TRPV6 and the subsequent increase in the Ca2+ entering through this channel. Thus, our results challenge the use of vitamin D3 in prostate cancer therapy. We also show that adrenomedullin (AM), known to be involved in tumor progression to metastasis, stimulates migration and invasion of prostate and urothelial cancer cells. This effect requires the presence of TRPV2; AM acts by inducing TRPV2 translocation to plasmamembrane and the subsequent increase of [Ca2+]i. Finally, we highlight that under conditions of reticular stress in prostate cancer cells, the translocon represents the endoplasmic reticulum calcium leak channel leading to the emptying of reticular stocks and cell death
Gaascht, François. "Découverte, identification et caractérisation de molécules d'origine naturelle capables de cibler les voies de transduction, de prolifération, d'inflammation et de mort cellulaire dans des cellules cancéreuses." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0296/document.
Full textToday, cancer has become a major public health problem and we estimate more than 1.3 million cancer-related deaths in Europe in 2013. The emergence of cancer resistances towards chemotherapeutic treatments forces to the discovery of new drugs. Natural organisms are a virtually inexhaustible source of molecules structurally very heterogeneous and having varied therapeutic applications. In the first part of this project, we studied the effect of curcumin, a molecule isolated from the roots of Curcuma longa, on the Wingless (Wnt) signalling pathway in the case of prostate cancer. Our results emphasize the chemopreventive potential of curcumin in prostate cancer. This natural molecule can be considered as an alternative modality, non-toxic to prevent the progression of prostate cancer and to eradicate the androgen-dependent early stage. The second part of the project involved the isolation of anti-cancer molecules from the carnivorous plant Dionaea muscipula. After selection and identification of a substance which turned out to be plumbagin, we investigated the possible reasons for the differential plumbagin sensitivity of hematopoietic cell lines. Our results suggest that this molecule affects the thiol groups of some proteins. In conclusion, the example of curcumin as chemopreventive agent in the development of prostate cancer and plumbagin in the treatment of leukemia have shown that naturally occurring substances are excellent candidates for the development of future anti-cancer drugs
Verbeke, Stéphanie. "Étude des voies de signalisation du récepteur p75NTR impliquées dans la croissance des cellules de cancer du sein." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10136/document.
Full textOur laboratory has shown a pro-tumoral action of the neurotrophins in breast cancer especially by the anti-apoptotic effects of NGF, BDNF and NT4/5. These effects are all mediated by their common receptor p75NTR. My thesis work has therefore been to elucidate further the role of p75NTR in breast cancer cells and its signaling. For this purpose, we established breast cancer cells which stably overexpress p75NTR in an inducible manner. This model allowed us to show that its pro-survival effect is associated with an inhibition of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, p75NTR slows down the cell growth through a cell accumulation in G0/G1 phases. Interestingly, these both effect are mediated by p21Waf1 since its inhibition by siRNA not only restores proliferation but also abolishes the pro-survival effect of p75NTR, indicating the key role of p21waf1 in the biological functions of p75NTR. In a SCID mice xenograft model, p75NTR overexpression favors tumor growth and strongly increases tumor resistance to TRAIL treatment. Finally, the study of p75NTR proteolysis has shown that this receptor undergoes two sequential cleavages in breast cancer cells. The first cleavage by the enzyme ADAM17/TACE is essential to its anti-apoptotic effect. Meanwhile, the second cleavage by the γ-secretase complex doesn’t seem to be involved rather suggesting a degradation process. Together, our findings have improved the knowledge of p75NTR functions in breast cancer cells and suggest that p75NTR overexpression in breast tumor cells could favor tumor survival and contribute to tumor resistance to drugs
Parant, Marc. "Mise en évidence d'une activité protéine kinase C atypique dans une lignée de myélome multiple humain, RPMI 8226." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20234.
Full textPierre, Anne-Sophie. "Le métabolisme des acides gras monoinsaturés et la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses coliques : rôle de la Stéaroyl-CoA Désaturase-1 et effets des isomères conjugués de l'acide linoléique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017782.
Full textEl, Helou Myriam. "Exploration de l’impact de l’exposition chronique et faibles doses de facteurs environnementaux sur les cellules pré-cancéreuses mammaires MCF10AT1." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1173/document.
Full textEnvironmental factors such as Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, and Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a genotoxic agent, represent a real issue among the environmental risk factors for breast cancer. Our objectives are to investigate the impact of chronic and low doses exposure to BPA (10-10 M) and/or B[a]P on the aggressiveness of the mammary pre-cancerous cell line MCF10AT1 (immortal, transformed, ER-, PR-, HER2-). The main aims are: (i) explore whether an exposure to the combination of two molecules with two distinct mechanisms of action has a greater impact than the molecules tested alone; (ii) identify and prevent the associated molecular and cellular mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that chronic exposure of MCF10AT1 to low doses of BPA and/or B[a]P induces an aggressive cell phenotype in a time-dependent manner, with a greater effect for (BPA + B[a]P) combination compared to single molecules. The observed phenotype is an acquired phenotype, as it still persists 30 days post-exposure. We also determined the presence and functionality of two receptors in the MCF10AT1 cells: the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) binding B[a]P and the G binding protein receptor (GPER1 / GPR30) binding BPA. Mechanistically, these two receptors are involved in the BPA and/or B[a]P-induced aggressive phenotype, and our study reveals a new functional cross-talk/interplay between these two receptors. In vitro, the inhibition of AhR and GPR30 (chemical inhibitors or siRNA) can block the deleterious effects of chronic exposure to BPA and/or B[a]P. Finally, a retrospective analysis of primary ER-negatif subclass breast tumors demonstrates that the GPR30/AhR gene expression signature has a poor prognosis value, whereas GPR30 or AhR mRNA levels were poorly informative. All these results underline the particular role played by the concomitant presence of AhR and GPR30 in mammary precancerous/cancerous cells. In conclusion, our results allow us to identify potential targets for the development of new preventive strategies capable of blocking mammary carcinogenesis due to chronic exposure to BPA and/or B[a]P, and to consider new biomarkers for environmental exposure
Augert, Arnaud. "An unanticipated role for the Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) as a novel cellular senescence regulator and tumour suppressor gene." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10191/document.
Full textActivated in early stages of tumorigenesis, senescence, by blocking proliferation, inhibits tumour growth. Therefore, just like other fails safe mechanisms such as apoptosis, its escape is a property that cancer cell acquire. Although senescence plays a crucial role in tumour suppression and blockade, there is still much to learn about the mechanisms regulating this phenomenon. Using a shRNA library targeting 8000 human genes, we performed a loss of function genetic screen in order to identify genes that when down-regulated, would allow a senescence escape. Using this strategy, we were able to identify PLA2R1 as a novel regulator of cellular senescence by modulating the activation of the p53 tumour suppressor gene. In a second work, we demonstrated that PLA2R1 is a candidate tumour suppressor gene. In the future, PLA2R1 might be used as a biomarker. Finally, we have demonstrated that PLA2R1 could have therapeutic potential as it induces apoptosis in a myriad of cancer cell lines. Altogether, the work performed during my thesis as enabled us to identify PLA2R1 as a novel cellular senescence regulator and a putative new tumour suppressor gene with therapeutic potential
Mimeault, Murielle. "Évaluation des synergies d'actions antiproliférative et cytotoxique d'inhibiteurs de la voie de transduction de l'EGF et d'activateurs de la production de céramide sur différentes lignées cellulaires de cancers métastatiques de la prostate." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-113.pdf.
Full textD'intérêt thérapeutique, les résultats ont également permis de constater que la combinaison d'un inhibiteur spécifique de l'activité tyrosine kinase de l'EGFR, le ZD1839"Iressa" avec le nitroprussiate de sodium qui agit en augmentant le niveau cellulaire d'oxyde nitrique est très efficace pour inhiber la prolifération et induire la mort des cellules LNCaP, DU145 et PC3 stimulées par EGF et le sérum. En fait, ces agents apparaissent agir en synergie en augmentant le niveau cellulaire de céramide et la production intracellulaire d'anions superoxydes et de peroxyde d'hydrogène et ceci conduit à une mort massive des cellules cancéreuses de la prostate par apoptose et nécrose. Les travaux permettent d'entrevoir la possibilité d'utiliser des inhibiteurs de l'activité tyrosine kinase de l'EGFR avec différents agents cytotoxiques induisant la production cellulaire de céramide pour le développement de nouveaux traitements contre les cancers métastatiques de la prostate
Benmammar, Chafika. "Modulateurs d’activité de la chaperonine cytoplasmique CCT/TriC et leurs rôles dans la prolifération cellulaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114833.
Full textThe molecular chaperone CCT/TRiC plays a central role in maintaining cellular proteostasis. It mediates the folding of lot of proteins involved in cell cycle regulation as the major cytoskeletal proteins tubulins and actins and the oncoprotein cyclin E. To assess the involvement of CCT/TRiC in tumor genesis, we quantified its expression levels and activity in 18 cancer, one non-cancer human cell lines and a non-cancer human liver. We show that the expression levels of CCT/TRiC in cancer cell lines are higher than that in normal cells. However, CCT/TRiC activity does not always correlate with its expression levels. We therefore documented the expression levels of CCT/TRiC modulators and partners PhLP3, Hop/P60, prefoldin and Hsp/Hsc70. Our analysis reveals a functional interplay between molecular chaperones that might account for a precise modulation of CCT/TRiC activity in cell proliferation through changes in the cellular levels of prefoldin and/or Hsc/p70 and CCT/TRiC client protein availability. Finally, our study reveals that cells with the longest doubling time host the smallest CCT/TRiC activity suggesting that CCT/TRiC-mediated client protein folding constitutes a bottle-neck in cancer cell proliferation. Our observation and approaches bring novel insights in the role of CCT/TRiC-mediated protein folding machinery in cancer cell development
Dalenc, Florence. "Des effets in vitro du R115777 (inhibiteurs de farnésyltranférase) et des anti-oestrogènes sur la croissance de cellules d'adénocarcinome mammaire humain (MCF-7) vers de nouvelles stratégies dans l'hormonothérapie des cancers du sein." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30066.
Full textWarnier, Marine. "Rôle du canal calcique de type T, Cav3.2 et de ses protéines partenaires dans la tumorogenèse prostatique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10158/document.
Full textProstate cancer progression leads to an androgen-refractory aggressive stage. This is associated with an increased number of neuroendocrine cells overexpressing Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels. Cav3.2 channels promote the secretion of prostatic acid phosphatase and other mitogenic factors responsible for the proliferation of epithelial cells. In order to determine the role of T-type channels and to understand their regulation during cancer progression, the aim of this work was to identify proteins that interact with Cav3.2 channels and their role in physiopathology. First, we demonstrate that Cav3.2 channels are coupled with BK channels in prostate cancer cells. We show that both channels are involved in proliferation. Moreover, we show that accessory α2δ2, γ4 and β4 subunits, putative partners of voltage-gated calcium channels, are expressed in prostate cancer cell lines and prostatic tissues. We show that the α2δ2 subunit is more frequently expressed in cancerous tissues than in healthy ones, and that its expression increases with cancer grade. We propose that the α2δ2 subunit may be used as a biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, using in vitro and in vivo studies, we highlight the promoting role of α2δ2 on tumor growth and angiogenesis. In addition, we show that Cav3.2 and α2δ2 can associate in a protein complex and that α2δ2 can modulate the activity of Cav3.2 channels. However, our study also suggests that the role of the α2δ2 subunit in prostate cell proliferation could be independent of its association with Cav3.2. In conclusion, this work leads to a better understanding of the role of T-type calcium channel and its partners in prostate cancer
Chraa, Dounia. "Analyse du rôle de l’IL-17 dans la progression du cancer du sein chez différents sous-groupes moléculaires de patientes : effet sur l’expression de PD-L1, sur la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses et sur la survie des patientes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0629.
Full textIn breast cancer, numerous types of immune cells are found within the tumor microenvironment. Both pro- and anti-tumor immune-based effects have been reported. Here, we show that IL-17, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is produced mainly by the Th17 T cell sub-population, was strongly associated to poor prognostic markers in breast cancer patients. When analyzed at both transcript and protein levels, IL-17 was highly expressed in ER- including TNBC patients. Furthermore, IL-17 expression in tumor tissues tightly correlated with the expression of the immune checkpoint regulator, PD-L1. Interestingly, IL-17 was found to significantly induce PD-L1 expression, in breast cancer cells in vitro, at both transcript and protein levels. IL-17 also specifically triggered proliferation of distinct breast cancer cell lines in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner, which could be abolished using neutralizing antibodies directed against IL-17 receptor or IL-17. Finally, increased IL-17 levels were associated to lower survival probability in breast cancer patients, especially when combined to the ER negative status. Altogether our data strongly suggest that IL-17 is associated to poor prognosis in breast cancer patients and could be considered as a potential therapeutic target