Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules de mammifères'
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Guerquin, Marie-Justine. "Détermination sexuelle des cellules germinales foetales chez les mammifères." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077012.
Full textThe infertility or the hypofertility is a major problem of public health. The disturbance of the development of the fetal germ cells (FGC) is frequently suspected in these pathologies. Nevertheless not enough information concerning the actors involved in the proliferation, the differentiation (meiosis or « quiescence phase ») and the death of the fetal germ cells is known. The purpose of this work was to understand the ruling mechanisms of the sexual differentiation of the FGC by being interested in particular i) in the role of the degradation of the retinoic acid (RA), the only molecule implied this day in the male differentiation of germ cells, ii) in the role of the testicular somatic environment in the male determination of germ cells and iii) In the earlier mechanisms of the fetal germ cell death different according to the sex of the fetal germ cell which could be considered as the first sign of sexual determination. We demonstrated that the degradation of the RA in the fetal testis is necessary for the establishment of the quiescence of the fetal male GC. Furthermore, we put in evidence that the orientation of the murine FGC toward the male or female pathways relaying also on a somatic / germinal dialogue, independent from the RA In parallel, we put in evidence that XX and XY FGC activate different apoptotic pathways in function with their genetic sex further to a genotoxic stress at a stage where the CG is undifferentiated and considered as identical between them
Hilgers, Geneviève. "Etude des mécanismes de type SOS chez les cellules de mammifères." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213168.
Full textArgüeso, Lleida Andrea. "Développement d’approches de modifications ciblées du méthylome dans les cellules mammifères." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ068.
Full textDNA methylation takes place on cytosines of CpG dinucleotides in mammals and is catalysed by DNMT enzymes. Cancer cells are characterised by frequent promoter hypermethylation leading to transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes and favouring tumor progression. Because of its reversible nature, DNA methylation is a target of choice in epigenetic therapies. However, current DNMT inhibitors act in a global and non-specific manner, leading to side effects and toxicity in normal cells. During my thesis I have developed strategies to perform targeted demethylation in specific regions of the genome without affecting global methylation. First, I have validated a strategy inducing the specific and durable epigenetic reprogramming of the tumor suppressor gene SERPINB5 in a breast cancer cell line, which can pave the way to further biomedical research. Second, I have optimised epigenome editing strategies as a regular tool in basic research
Brouillette, Suzanne. "Étude de la recombinaison intermoléculaire dans les cellules somatiques de mammifères." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11745.
Full textRivard, Diane. "Étude de la recombinaison intramoléculaire dans les cellules somatiques de mammifères." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/12049.
Full textDaclin, Marie. "Mécanismes de développement des cellules épendymaires : origine et lignage des cellules épendymaires dans le cerveau des mammifères." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE015.
Full textEpendymal cells are multiciliated cells lining the walls of all brain cavities. Once they are mature, they do not divide during life. Their motile ciliary beating endorses a crucial role in maintaining a proper flow of cerebrospinal fluid throughout all brain cavities. Ependymal cells also ensure critical molecular exchanges of the cerebrospinal fluid. On the whole, the involvement of ependymal cells and their multiple motile cilia in the maintenance of the neural circuits and more globally in the well-functioning of the entire brain have proven paramount. More recently, a new characteristic of ependymal cells has been brought to light. Namely, they are part of a microenvironment so called a “niche” surrounding adult neural stem cells in the adult rodent brain. Noteworthy, these adult neuralstem cells are capable of producing new neurons that will migrate to the olfactory bulb of rodents. In terms of their origin, it was shown that multiciliated ependymal cells derive from neural stem cells during late embryonic stages. Besides, the same stem cells can give rise to most cell types of the brain. However, little is known about how fate-decision is made in neural stem cells. In this project, we tackle more particularly how multiciliated ependymal cells arise from the neural stem cells. Most specifically, we address the type of celldivision and the ependymal cell lineage. We find that ependymal cells are not migrating subsequent to their last division, but rather stay where they were first produced. Most interestingly, they can be generated through both symmetric and asymmetric cell division. We also show that embryonic neural stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to both an ependymal cell and an adult stem cell. We are confident that these data bring major new insights in the current understanding of neural development. Additionally, these findingscould contribute in opening new therapeutic perspectives and strategies to cure neurodegenerative diseases in a much longer term
Monnin, Julie. "Etude du potentiel progéniteur des cellules de Mûller dans la rétine de mammifères." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2029.
Full textLn higher Vertebrates, the retina, as part of the central nervous system, lacks of efficient regenerative capacities. Nevertheless, recent studies have highlighted that Müller cells, the specific glial cells of the retina, could be part of a regenerative process. Indeed, in birds and rodents with retinal injuries, these cells undergo dedifferentiation and redifferentiation in glial or neural retinal cell types. This work completes these observations through two approaches: the first is conducted in vivo by studying Müller cells in case of inherited retinal degeneration (rd 10 mice), and the second is performed in vitro and aims to specify the progenitor capacities of Müller cells and their redifferentiation potential. The results show that Müller cells respond to rod degeneration by an over expression of nestin (progenitor marker) that lasts aIl along the life-time of the animal (at least 1 year). It emphasizes that Müller cell acquire progenitor properties in case of retinal inherited degeneration. Moreover, the in vitro study has allowed the establishment of a neurosphere (progenitor cluster) production method from rat Müller cells. These neurospheres are heterogeneous, as weIl by their cell content as by the differentiation potential of their constituting cells. This work confirms the progenitor and neurogenic potentials of mammalian Müller cells, and gives the potential to consider their involvement in a regeneration process of the retina
Gavin-Plagne, Lucie. "Cryoconservation de cellules spermatiques et de cellules souches pluripotentes de mammifères dans un milieu synthétique et chimiquement défini." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1197/document.
Full textNowadays, reproductive (embryos, sperm, oocytes) and somatic (fibroblasts and pluripotent stem cells) resources are cryopreserved in media containing animal-derived products (serum, egg yolk, milk). Using these products raises sanitary (risk of contamination) as well as scientific concerns (reproducibility limits due to the variability of their composition). This study aims to replace animal derived-product in assessing the effect of a synthetic and chemically defined medium, STEMALPHA.CRY03® (Stem Alpha, France), on the cryopreservation of ovine and bovine sperm, and on rabbit pluripotent stem cells. First, a physical approach permitted to study the cooling rates and the characterization of thermodynamic properties of the freezing media. The differential scanning calorimetry allowed us to define their phase transition temperatures (crystallization temperature, melting temperature and enthalpy variation of crystallization, proportional to the amount of crystallized ice). Second, a biological approach was used for the cryopreservation of bovine and ovine sperm, as well as rabbit pluripotent stem cells. Flow cytometry and computer- assisted sperm analyses showed that STEMALPHA.CRY03® impaired bovine sperm, compared to a medium containing animal derived-product. These last results were confirmed in ovine species. Nevertheless, artificial insemination by laparoscopy (n = 270 ewes) counteracts this impairment and allowed an average pregnancy rate of 70 %. Moreover, without any additive in the freezing medium, a similar pregnancy rate was obtained. The study of pluripotent gene expression profile, and analyses of viability and growth rates for the cryopreservation of rabbit pluripotent stem cells confirmed that synthetic media, STEMALPHA.CRY03® (with 4, 5 or 10 % of cryoprotectant) and CryoStor® CS10 (containing 10 % of cryoprotectant) were more efficient than serum-based media. We demonstrate that it is possible to cryopreserve sperm cells and pluripotent stem cells in synthetic and chemically defined media. 0ur results confirmed the interest of a standardized approach for cryopreservation procedures of genetic resources in mammals. This work meets the needs of cryobanking activities (quality policy) and of the regulation development within the framework of international trade
Sonet, Jordane. "Synthèse et régulation des sélénoproteines mammifères." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3050.
Full textSelenium (Se) is an essential trace element, which is incorporated as a rare aminoacid, selenocysteine, in twenty five selenoproteins, to constitute the selenoproteome. Selenoprotein family is one of the most important bioactive form of selenium in human health. Initially demonstrated in Kashin Beck and Keshan diseases, selenium deficiency is associated with several pathological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, immune and muscular disorders. Chronic selenium deficiency is hypothesized to decrease antioxidant defenses and redox regulatory pathways through a dysregulation of selenoprotein expression. We are interested in understanding the synthesis and regulation of human selenoproteins, which is critically dependent on the availability of adequate analytical methodology. To understand the function and regulation of human selenoproteome, which is expressed at a trace levels, it appears critical to develop innovative strategies based on a multidisciplinary approach to detect and quantify selenium by various elemental and molecular mass spectrometer tools. First, selenium has a particular isotopic profile with six stable isotope (74Se, 76Se, 77Se, 78Se, 80Se and 82Se) used as a signature in our analysis with ICP-MS or ESI-MS/MS. In parallel, the use of isotopically enriched selenium also allows cellular labelling and tracing of selenoproteins and other seleno-coupounds. By coupling liquid phase separation methods (HPLC) with specific mass spectrometry analytical tools, we have developed several methods for detecting several selenoproteins simultaneously in various human cell lines
Hamdi, Imane. "Impact biologique de biomolécules extraites de microalgues sur des cellules mammifères en culture." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE019.
Full textMicroalgae form a group of diverse oceanic or clean water microorganisms. They are unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic or prokaryotic microscopic organisms. Thanks to their diversity and speed reproduction, microalgae represent an untapped source that offers great opportunities for the isolation of original natural molécules with putative interest for food, health or biotechnological applications.In the recent years, microalgae have been the subject of intensive investigation notably for the discovery of anti-proliferative and candidate anticancer biomolecules. In this context, the present work aimed to extracting and purifying bioactive molecules from the microalgae N. gaditana acting on the cytoskeleton and more particularly on the microtubule network.A combined approach based on analytical chemistry and biological screening led us to extract and identify three families of substances: lipids (Triglycerides and fatty acids), pigments and phthalates. The first two families are known for their presence in microalgae. However, this study is the first one to show the presence of phthalates in microalgae, particularly in the N. gaditana specie.We then investigated the effect of a pure phthalate (Benzyl butyl phthalate: BBP) on the microtubules network of HeLa cells. This compound revealed to induce alterations of microtubules and that this effect became more important in the presence fatty acid (linoleic acid). This effect was associated with an induction of formation of lipid droplets. We also invastigated the impact of a type of pigment, Pheophorbide A, on cell morphology and on the microtubule network. This molecule appeared to have a direct or indirct effect on the polymerization of tubulin.Finally, we evaluated the interest of a biotechnological process based on the solubilization of hydrophobic phthalate and pheophorbide A in water using a synthetic triblock molecules studied in water by a synthetic triblock pMeOx-p(THF)-pMeOx polymer. This process revealed a significant gain of activity of these two molecules.Altogether, our results show that N. gaditana contains active biomolecules with putative interest to block cell division. They may be in the future a candidate molecules notably to fight cancer
Teissier, Anne. "L'évolution du néocortex des Mammifères : gène Dbx1 et les cellules transitoires de la plaque corticale." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066336.
Full textMaruotti, Julien. "Nouvelles voies d'établissement de cellules embryonnaires pluripotentes chez la souris, et applications à d'autres mammifères domestiques." AgroParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGPT0001.
Full textMajo, François. "Renouvellement de l'épithélium de la cornée chez les mammifères." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077184.
Full textBitbol, Michel. "Etude de l'orientation érythrocytaire, et des effets d'entrée d'une suspension sanguine dans un écoulement capillaire plan." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077008.
Full textGabriel, Bruno. "Electroperméabilisation de cellules de mammifères. Analyse des réponses cellulaires, en particulier du stress oxydatif." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30227.
Full textLegendre, Jean-Yves. "Étude du transfert de gènes chez les cellules mammifères par des techniques non-virales." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114806.
Full textLirsac, Pierre-Noël. "L'immobilisation de cellules de mammifères en gel d'alginate : aspects techniques et cellulaires : perspectives biotechnologiques." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD252.
Full textMalcles, Marie-Hélène. "Aspects de la régulation de la réplication des papillomavirus dans les cellules de mammifères." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20075.
Full textLe, Rolle Morgane. "Voie de signalisation WNT/ β-catenin et différenciation des cellules germinales chez les mammifères." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR6014.
Full textSince the last decennials, fertility is decreasing in industrial countries, and nowadays, infertility reaches a prevalence of 9 to 18% of the general population, with a significant proportion of cases being due to defective gametogenesis. Accordingly, fertility preservation raises a growing concern. Nowadays, a growing number of couples undergo Assisted Reproductive Technology with little success due to the lack of knowledge on mechanisms orchestrating germ cell differentiation. Little is known about how primordial germ cells become gametogenesis-competent cells (gonocytes), because of the lack of suitable physiological models. Primordial germ cells give rise to the next generation by differentiating from pluripotent progenitors into highly specialized cells, the gametes, which in turn generate a totipotent zygote after fertilization. After specification in the early embryo, primordial germ cells colonize the gonad, lose pluripotency and gain their capacity for irreversible sexual differentiation. Gonocytes then become either female (oogonia) or male (spermatogonia), and eventually progress into meiotic divisions. So far, the mechanisms of germ cell changes in potency remain largely elusive.My host laboratory has demonstrated that activation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signalling is required for ovarian development. Thus, absence of WNT/β-catenin activation eventually triggers defects in germ cell proliferation and sexual differentiation. However, genetic models of cell-specific ablation of Ctnnb1 (encoding β-catenin) were still missing to assess the contribution of WNT/β-catenin in the germ cells. We decided to analyse the role of this signalling pathway by generating specific mouse models for β-catenin loss or gain of function and by investigating the consequences of WNT/β-catenin deregulation in either the somatic or the germ cells of the developing gonad. We first demonstrated that WNT/β-catenin regulates spermatogonial stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the post-natal testis, demonstrating that this signalling activity must be finely tuned over time to ensure spermatogenesis.Secondly, we showed that genetic elimination of Ctnnb1 in mouse primordial germ cells in vivo leads to a precocious loss of pluripotency and to premature germ cell differentiation into gonocytes. We demonstrated, for the first time in vivo, that while ovarian development is getting forward, β-catenin forms proteic complexes containing POU5F1 and CDH1 that transit from the nucleus of the germ cells to their membrane, thus allowing primordial germ cells to exit pluripotency and eventually differentiate. Our results also reveal that the ZNRF3 E3-ubiquitine ligase negatively regulates germ cell exit from pluripotency through a negative feedback loop.Collectively, our results show that the WNT/β-catenin signalling is necessary for determining the proper window of differentiation in both somatic and germ cells. Moreover, WNT/β-catenin controls the germ cell exit from pluripotency through β-catenin non-transcriptional activity, eventually coordinating the development of the different cell types of the fetal ovary. In the future, our results might help to recapitulate gametogenesis in vitro
Pircher, Renée. "Étude des facteurs de croissance transformants (TGFs) produits par les cellules aviaires et de mammifères." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112214.
Full textMarangoni, Elisabetta. "La protéine KU86 : une cible pour la modulation de la radiosensibilité des cellules de mammifères." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T069.
Full textBoubakour-Azzouz, Imenne. "Réparation des cassures double brin de l'ADN et stabilité génomique dans les cellules de mammifères." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077221.
Full textRepair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is critical for cell survival. However, both DSBs repair mechanisms, end-joining (EJ) and, to a lesser extent, homologous recombination (HR), can be mutagenic. The aim of my thesis work was to determine whether specific stress conditions can affect the balance between efficiency and fidelity of DSBs repair in murine embryonic stem cells (ES). In a fîrst study, we investigated whether two colinear DSBs induced by the méganuclease l-Scel 9 kbp apart, in two non-homologous regions, can trigger genomic rearrangements by end-joining. In a second study, we have developed a strategy based on plasmids recombination. Linear plasmids, used to mimic DSBs, are transfected in ES cells where they are repaired by EJ or HR with a plasmid sharing a homologous region. We analysed the effects of a growth-limiting stress (serum starvation) on the respective contributions of NHEJ and HR, and their fidelity. The Systems did not allow us to precisely determine the NHEJ and HR frequencies. However, our studies showed that in stress conditions induced by multiple DSBs, repair fidelity can be increased
Yahia, Yousra. "Caractérisation de mutants du domaine carboxy-terminal de l’ARN polymerase II dans des cellules mammifères." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT154.
Full textThe largest subunit (Rpb1) of RNA polymerase II has a unique and flexible structure at its C-terminal domain (CTD) that consists of tandem repeats with the consensus heptad sequence Y1-S2-P3-T4-S5-P6-S7. The CTD is essential for cellular viability and is required for important activities associated with RNA pol II transcription, including the regulation of RNA synthesis and co-transcriptional processing events (5’ capping, splicing, 3’ termination…etc). Using a conditional CTD mutant expression system, we dissect the importance of specific residues/repeats on transcription in mammalian cells. Our results indicate the importance of the CTD in the control of pervasive transcription and hints to novel roles of the Mediator and Integrator complexes in transcription termination processes
Costa, Annie. "Intérêt de l'analyse quantitative de la queuosine et de ses dérives par CLHP dans la détection et l'exploration in vitro et in vivo d'une hypomodification des ARNt porteurs de ces nucléosides hypermodifiés." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOMU05.
Full textBrette, Fabien. "Couplage excitation-contraction des cardiomyocytes isolés de mammifères : effet du gonflement cellulaire et étude du rétrocontrôle du courant calcique dans les microdomaines." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4021.
Full textRibet, Carole. "Analyse cinétique de l'interférence par l'ARN dans les compartiments nucléaire et cytoplasmique des cellules de mammifères." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00084397.
Full textCes travaux ont porté sur l'analyse cinétique de la dégradation des ARNm induite par les siARN dans des cellules de mammifères. Nous avons mesuré les vitesses de dégradation des ARNm de β-globine et de lymphotoxine-α sous interférence et montré, d'une part, que les différences d'efficacité des siARN sont liées à des différences de vitesses de dégradation et, d'autre part, que ces vitesses s'accélèrent entre 16h et 24h après la transfection pour deux siARN inhibant 80 à 90% des messagers. Nous avons aussi observé qu'un même siARN induit des inhibitions différentes pour les deux messagers de la lymphotoxine-α, ce qui nous a amené à proposer l'existence d'une interaction entre la traduction et l'interférence par l'ARN.
Nous avons analysé l'impact de l'interférence sur le métabolisme nucléaire des ARNm. Nous avons ainsi démontré que les siARN induisent la dégradation des ARN nucléaires avec une efficacité qui dépend d'une compétition cinétique entre l'interférence et les réactions de maturation et d'export qui affectent le transcrit ciblé. De plus, nous avons observé que la dégradation d'un ARN messager pouvait s'accompagner d'une accumulation de ses précurseurs, probablement par une augmentation de synthèse. Ainsi, l'interférence permet-elle de mettre en évidence de nouvelles régulations du métabolisme nucléaire des ARN.
Debin, Arnaud. "Formation et stabilité des triples hélices purines : études in vitro et dans les cellules de mammifères." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T013.
Full textTriplex-Forming Oligonucleotides (TFOs) are short nucleic acid fragments able to recognize selectively double-stranded DNA sequences. In this thesis, we have studied the formation and stability of triples helices using purine TFOs (composed of Guanines and Adenines). Firstly, we have selected double-stranded DNA sequences capable offorming stable triplexes at 20 or 5. Q. °C with corresponding 13mer purine oligonucleotides. This selection was obtained by a double aptamer approach where both the starting sequences of the oligonucleotides and the target DNA duplex were random. The results of selection were confirmed by a cold exchange method and the influence ofthe position of a 'mismatch' on the stability ofthe triplex was documented in several cases. The selected sequences obey two rules: (i) they have a high G content; (ii) for a given G content the stability of the resulting triplex is higher if the G residues lie in stretches. Secondly, triplex formation was studied in conditions mimicking potassium concentrations and temperatures in cells. In presence of 1OmM Mgcl2, KCl concentrations up to 150 mM significantly lowered both efficiency (triplex: initial duplex) and rate constants of triplex formation. For 20 mer TFO, no dissociation of triplex was observed during 24 hours either in the absence of monovalent cations or in the presence of 150 mM KCl. In this case, the negative effect of the KCl is probably due to the self-association of the oligonucleotide in competitive structures. This negative effect may be overcome by the prior formation of a short duplex either on the 3 '-or 5'- end of the 20mer TFO. We refer to these partial duplexes as 'zipper' TFOs. It was demonstrated that a 'zipper' TFO could forma triplex over the full lengh of the target, thus unzipping the short complementary strand. Thirdly, triplex stability and formation was studied in live mammalian cells. Ex vivo DMS footprint analysis after electroporation of the pre-formed into the cell have shown the presence of the triple helix inside the cells. However we were unable to show triplex formation inside cells using various methods of oligonucleotide delivery, and using various target sequences. Our results show that neither (i) chromatinization of the DNA target, (ii) intracellular K+ concentration nor (iii) cytoplasmic versus nuclear separation of the TFO and DNA target are responsible for the intracellular arrest of triplex formation. We suggest the existence of a cellular mechanism, based on a compartmentalization of TFOs and/or TFO trapping, which separates oligonucleotides from the DNA target. Further work is needed to find oligonucleotide derivatives and means for their delivery to overcome the problem of triplex formation inside cells
Ribet, Carole. "Analyse cinétique de l'interférence par l'ARN dans les compartiments nucléaire et cytoplasmique des cellules de mammifères." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA11T069.
Full textLepetit-Stoffaes, Jean-Pascal. "Étude comparative de combinaisons de peptides pour la livraison de protéines dans les cellules de mammifères." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34493.
Full textThe expression of proteins in mammalian cells is still today mostly done by transfection of nucleic acids coding for the protein. An alternative, the direct delivery of proteins, has roused a growing interest for the past thirty years, since the discovery of peptide sequences with the capacity to penetrate the cells and destabilize the membranes. Thereby, strategies of protein delivery associating these peptides to the cargo protein differentiate from synthetic systems like cationic polymers and lipids. Among these peptides are found Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPP), which are able to bring a linked protein to the cell by endocytosis, but lack to cross the endosomal barrier. We also find peptides, which permit the endosomal escape of a cargo, the Endosomal Leakage Domains (ELD), in order to evade this bottleneck. This thesis is interested in the study of protein delivery, by means of the combination of CPP and ELD. An identified way of interest consists in co-incubating the mammalian cells with different combinations of a mix of these peptides with the protein to be delivered, without covalent link. Thereby, the CPP-ELDs permitted the delivery of the GFP fluorescent protein alone, as well as the GFP in fusion with a nuclear localization domain, which was found in the nuclei of several cellular types. In particular, the 6His-CM18-PTD4 peptide has been notably investigated for the delivery of various proteins. It enabled the delivery of the HoxB4 transcription factor, as well as the Cas9 and Cpf1 nucleases to realize their genome editing function. The properties and mechanisms of CPP-ELDs have been studied. Therefore, the endocytosis mechanism and the direct translocation to the cytoplasm have been identified and studied. The balance between these cellular pathways can vary depending on the nature of the CPP and the ELD, and on the delivery factors such as the peptide concentration. Overall, the delivery mechanisms have been studied by using GFP protein, and other fluorescent probes (calcein and FITC-Dextrans). The CPP-ELDs are able to deliver small size molecules (600 Da) to molecules with high molecular weight (250 kDa). The capacity to deliver big proteins has been confirmed by the cellular entry of the Cas9 and Cpf1 nucleases, but also with antibodies. The analysis of the biochemical properties and assumed secondary structures allowed identifying several criteria required for the efficient delivery in mammalian cells, for discovery and therapeutic applications.
Laboureau, Éric. "Partage de phase par affinité avec les ions métalliques immobilisés : application à l'étude de cellules de mammifères." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1082.
Full textFarges-Haddani, Bérangère. "Les peptides de colza : une alternative aux protéines animales dans les procédés de culture de cellules de mammifères ?" Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2005_FARGES_HADDANI_B.pdf.
Full textIn order to improve the performances of animal cell culture processes for the production of therapeutic proteins, and to limit the risks of contamination by animal derived molecules, the effects of a supplementation of serum-free and animal-protein free culture media with rapeseed peptidic fractions were performed. Peptide fractions of various compositions were generated by enzymatic hydrolysis on proteic extract and membrane fractionation. These fractions, rich in nitrogen matter, displayed a variable effect on CHO cells, with a strong cell growth promoting effect of a fraction containing peptides with a broad range of size. In fact, this fraction increased the cell growth, prolonged cell survival, increased the specific production of the recombinant protein, and reduced the whole metabolism of carbohydrates. We also showed that tis peptidic fraction was utilized as nutritioinal additives, but also, as survival and/or growth promoting factors. Other additional advantages ot these peptides were highlighted, such as : an easier adaptation of various cell lines to serum-free conditions, a good cryoprotection of cells during the freezing process au good filterability. Indeed, a very simple culture medium was designed, completely free from animal molecules, and stimulating the growth of adherent or suspension cells from different industrial strains, for various culture scales. These results taken together suggest the use of this new particularly interesting peptidic source as an additive in animal cell culture processes
Atieh, Thérèse. "Développement du système universel de génétique inverse pour les arboviruses applicable dans les cellules mammifères et moustiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0659/document.
Full textReverse genetics, the genetic manipulation of RNA viruses to create a wild-type or modified virus, has led to important advances in our understanding of viral gene function and interaction with host cells. Since arboviruses the most threatening viruses to human and animal are RNA viruses, thus reverse genetics is an extremely powerful technique with important application for the protection from these viruses and to control their spread.Hitherto, most reverse genetics systems focused exclusively on mammalian cells. However, arbovirus transmission is between a mammalian host and invertebrate vector.Herein, we present ISA (Infectious-Subgenomic-Amplicons) as a universal reverse genetic method that proved it applicability to rescue infectious single stranded positive RNA viruses on mammalian and mosquito cells.Thereby, ISA is an adequate method to study the arbovirus life cycle in mosquito vector and mammalian host. Thus, providing information about the global arbovirus circulation to provide further technique that protect mammalian from their infection and inhibit vector to transmit the virus
Ganier, Olivier. "Etude des fonctions de la cycline A2 dans la progression du cycle cellulaire des cellules de mammifères." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066207.
Full textCanal, Frédéric. "Rôle de la protéine Nfs1 dans la biosynthèse des centres fer-soufre dans les cellules de mammifères." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T045.
Full textRipoll, Pierre-Jean. "Construction d'un vecteur épisomique circulaire (circosome) en vue de transfert de gène dans les cellules de mammifères." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28464.
Full textMangion, Mathias. "Développement et caractérisation de la gésifection comme méthode de livraison d'acides nucléiques dans les cellules de mammifères." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67903.
Full textThe delivery of nucleic acids has revolutionized the biomedical field for decades, for research as well as for therapeutic applications. There are many nucleic acids delivery methods for mammalian cells. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. Hybrid methods represent a very interesting alternative for the delivery of nucleic acids since it consists in combining elements of existing vectors to develop more efficient new ones. This thesis is devoted to the study of one of these hybrid delivery methods called gesifection. Gesifection involves virus-like particles, pseudotyped with the VSV glycoprotein, able to deliver nucleic acids when combined with a chemical agent named polybrene. Even though the gesifection’s efficiency has been stated in only a few publications, the results were interesting enough for us to investigate the depth of its potential. This thesis is divided into 4 main parts. The chapter 1 is dedicated to a review of the literature and presents the main methods of nucleic acid delivery, followed by a presentation of the mechanisms involved in cell penetration and finally, an inventory of the gesicles and their uses. The chapter 2 of this thesis presents the work that allowed us to optimize the production of gesicles, to determine the best way to use them, to demonstrate their great robustness as well as their capacity to transfect primary cells, large plasmids and also interfering RNAs. The chapter 3 is dedicated to the characterization of gesicles. We have highlighted the formation of gesifection complexes, successfully carried out the purification of gesicles efficient for nucleic acid delivery, visualized the gesicles with their membrane composed of VSV-G proteins and finally, provides the first description of their protein content, showing all the complexity of these particles. Finally, the chapter 4 studies the mechanisms of penetration and cell transport involved during the gesifection. Our results revealed for the first time, that the gesifection complexes enter in HeLa cells by macropinocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Furthermore, their intracellular course involves dyneins and microtubules. All of the results presented in this thesis provide a better understanding of gesifection for future developments.
Ait, Ghezala Hayet. "La terminaison de la traduction et la régulation traductionnelle de l'activateur de la transcription ATF4 chez les mammifères." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066315.
Full textThe rate of protein synthesis is a major determinant of cell growth, proliferation through the cell cycle and cell proliferation. It is controlled by several signaling pathways involving protein kinases and phosphorylation cascades that target factors acting mainly in the initiation and elongation steps of the mRNA translation process. These signaling pathways, and in particular the protein kinase mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin), adjust the rate of protein synthesis to nutrient and energy availability and to various extracellular stimuli caused by hormones, growth factors or stress. We have shown that the depletion of the translation termination factor eRF3a in human cells induces a cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the mTOR pathway in eukaryotes. This depletion induces in parallel an increase in the expression of numerous genes, especially genes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids and genes under the control of ATF4, as REDD1 or TRIB3, known to be inhibitors of the mTOR pathway. These genes are usually expressed under stress conditions through the eIF2α pathway. We have shown that eRF3 depletion acts on the mTOR pathway through the REDD1 gene, independently of the eIF2α pathway. We have characterized a new mTOR regulation mechanism, which involves ATF4 induction
Gress, Steeve. "Toxicités cardiaques et gonadique d'un herbicide à base de glyphosate chez des mammifères." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2053.
Full textGasnier, Céline. "Mécanisme d'intoxication de cellules de mammifères par des herbicides à base de glyphosate et détoxification : Thèse sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2026.
Full textPollutants, like xenobiotics, are very present in the environment and living organisms, and some are able to disrupt in particular reproductive functions. Largely metabolized and detoxified by the liver, the mechanisms of intoxication and detoxification are detailed here in the introduction, explaining the role of newly involved genes. Our main experimental example studies the glyphosate-based herbicides (Roundup) on human cells, because they are the most commonly used herbicides in the world. Their residues (glyphosate, AMPA) are major contaminants of rivers. Moreover, because they are used on 80% of agricultural GMOs, they enter the food chain. We performed 3 scientific articles. First, their toxic mechanisms are elucidated on embryonic (E293) and placental (JEG3) cells at very low dilutions (100. 000) in 72 hours, depending on the time and dose. Then, the endocrine disrupting effects of 4 Roundup are characterized on the androgen and estrogen receptors, and aromatase, in cells transfected or not. Their genotoxic potential was also demonstrated. Some Roundup may be carcinogens, mutagens, reprotoxic (CMR) in vivo. Specific plant extracts in dosed mixtures (Dig1, the most studied, but also Dig2, Circ1, Sp1, Uro1 of Sevene Pharma) are able to prevent the intoxication of liver cells (HepG2 and Hep3B), and this complete our results in explaining the detoxification at least in part. This is true especially because drugs based on some of these compounds have been marketed since 2008 by Sevene Pharma
Ahmed-Seghir, Sana. "Implication de l’ADN polymérase spécialisée zêta au cours de la réplication de l’hétérochromatine dans les cellules de mammifères." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T052/document.
Full textDNA polymerase zeta (Polζ) is a key player in Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Polζ is unique among TLS polymerases in mammalian cells, because inactivation of the gene encoding its catalytic subunit (Rev3L) leads to embryonic lethality in the mouse. However little is known about its biological functions under normal growth conditions.Here we show that S phase progression is impaired in Rev3L-/- MEFs with a delay in mid and late S phase. Genome-wide profiling of replication timing revealed that Rev3L inactivation induces changes in the temporal replication program, mainly in particular genomic regions in which the replication machinery propagates a slower velocity. We also highlighted a global enrichment of repressive histone modifications as well as hypermethylation of major satellites DNA repeats in Rev3L-deficient cells, suggesting that fork movements can slow down or stall in specific locations, and a delay in restarting forks could promote heterochromatin formation in Rev3L-depleted cells. As a direct or indirect consequence, we found that several genes involved in growth and development are down-regulated in Rev3L-/- MEFs, which might potentially explain the embryonic lethality observed in Rev3L KO mice. Finally we discovered that HP1α directly interacts and recruits Rev3L to pericentromeric heterochromatin. We therefore propose that Polζ has been co-opted by evolution to assist DNA polymerase ε and δ in duplicating condensed chromatin domains during mid and late S phase
Lefebvre, Patricia. "Modulation de la réparation des bases alkylées dans l'ADN des cellules de mammifères sous l'influence de différents traitements." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066204.
Full textLevillain, Olivier. "Etude du métabolisme de la citrulline, de l'arginine et de l'ornithine le long du néphron de plusieurs mammifères." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077108.
Full textMillion, Karine. "Différenciation des cellules épithéliales respiratoires chez les mammifères : modulation par les retinoides et expression des protéines p63 et p73." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077141.
Full textPiché, Alain. "Résolution d'une molécule d'ADN hybride virale-cellulaire dans des cellules de mammifères : rôle de la protéine virale grand T." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11748.
Full textGirard, Franck. "Régulation du cycle cellulaire des cellules somatiques mammifères : rôle de de la cycline A en phase S : importance de la compartimentation dans l'activation du MPF à la transition G2/M." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON1T027.
Full textDelpech, Nathalie. "Effet et mécanisme d'action d'un facteur endothélial, l'endothéline, sur la régulation béta-adrénergique du courant calcique des cellules atriales de mammifères." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2298.
Full textDemion, Marie. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle et moléculaire du courant cationique non selectif activé par le calcium sur les cellules sinusales et auriculaires de mammifères." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2325.
Full textAussedat, Baptiste. "Nouveaux vecteurs pseudo-peptidiques de structure linéaire, branchée ou dendrimérique : étude du transport d'une cargaison peptidique dans les cellules de mammifères." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066558.
Full textPapouli, Efterpi. "Etude des réponses de cellules de mammifères aux agents pontant l'ADN : identification de gènes impliqués dans le sensibilité à la mitomycine C." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30069.
Full textDouzery, Emmanuel. "Phylogénie moléculaire des mammifères ongulés : hybridation ADN/ADN sur le génome nucléaire et évolution du génome mitochondrial." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20248.
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