Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules de moelle osseuse'
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Rosmaraki, Eleftheria E. "Caracterisation des precurseurs des cellules natural killer (nk) dans la moelle osseuse de souris adultes." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05N026.
Full textSottile, Virginie. "Cellules souches mésenchymateuses de la moe͏̈lle osseuse : différenciation adipogénique et ostéogénique." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5650.
Full textOsteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass associated with increased marrow fat content. Osteoblasts and adipocytes arise from a common precursor cell present in the bone marrow stromal, the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). The regulatory events governing the commitment of this precursor cell to either lineage are intensely investigated. To determine the effect of osteogenic factors on adipogenesis, we have treated the mesenchymal precursor cell line 3T3-L1 with BMP2 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2), a potent inducer of bone formation. Although BMP2 did not affect adipogenesis on its own, is strongly stimulated adipogenic differentiation in synergy with the PPARgamma agonist BRL49653. Likewise, when BRL49653 was combined with a classical osteogenic treatment, no inhibition of the osteogenic response could be detected. Our data suggest that osteoblasts and adipocytes do not systematically develop at the expense of each that osteoblasts and adipocytes do not systematically develop at the expense of each other, but follow a common differentiation pathway that can be positively modulated by both BMPs and PPARgamma activators. We also identified human trabecular bone as a new source of mesenchymal precursor cells. Based on clonal expansion experiments followed by osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation assays, we could conclude that cultures prepared from trabecular bone fragments have mesenchymal stem cell characteristics in vitro
Chou, David benson. "Stromales de moelle osseuse et hématopoïèse cours de l'inflammation." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077112.
Full textInflammation alters hematopoiesis, often by decreasing erythropoiesis and-enhancing myeloid output. The mechanisms behind these changes and how the bone marrow stroma contributes to this process is an active area of research. In this study, we examine thèse questions in the setting of murlne Toxoplasma gondii infection. Our data reveal that T. Gondii infection causes bone marrow cytopenia with markedly decreased lymphoid and erythroid development. Both early myeloerythroid progenitor differentiation» as well as the Iater stagesof hematopoiesis are affected by the inflammatory process in a manner independent of commensal microbes. IL6, but not IFN gamma,TNF, and ILs, is largely responsible for the upstream block in erythropoiesis and enhanced myelopoiesis. Comparing the bone marrow wilth the spleen showed that the hematopoïetic response was driven by the local microenvironment and bone marrow chimeras demonstrated that radioresistant cells were the relevant source b of lL-6 in vivo. Finally, isolating VCAM+ CD146lo bone marrow stromal fibrobiasts ex vivo showed that they respond to infection by significantly inreasing IÏL6 production. These data suggest that bone marrow stromal cells regulate the hematopoietic changes during inflammation via IL-6
Dumas, Aline. "Cellules médullaires et biomatériaux implantables en site osseux." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433829.
Full textSantiquet, Nicolas. "Les cellules de la moelle osseuse à la rescousse de l'ovaire : implication des cellules de la moelle osseuse dans le renouvellement post-natal d'ovocytes chez le mammifère adulte." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26611/26611.pdf.
Full textLemmers, Benedicte. "Expression de la pseudo chaîne légère au cours des étapes précoces de la différenciation lymphocytaire B chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22078.
Full textCornet, François. "Effets des conditions de culture sur la différenciation des cellules de moelle osseuse." Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0081.
Full textLi, Yueying. "Vieillissement des cellules stromales mésenchymateuses de la moelle osseuse : implications en médecine régénérative." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0099/document.
Full textToday with their properties of differentiation into specific cells types, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can be used in regenerative medicine. Bone marrow (BM) is the better characterized one. The researchers have proven that with increasing passage number in culture the proliferation and differentiation potential of MSC decrease. In parallel many researchers have showed the impact of donor age on MSC properties remains controversial. The aim of our study was to better understand the effect of donor age but also culture passages on the proliferation and differentiation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. The samples were separated into 4 groups depending on the donor age (<20 years; 20-40 years; 40-60 years; > 60 years) and The samples were cultured for 5 passages. The results obtained show that the MSC proliferative capacity obtained from young donors is greater than that of cells from older donors. In addition, the proliferative capacity decreases with increasing passage number in culture. In parallel, the ability of colony-forming unit-fibroblast, measured by the CFU-F assay, decreases slightly depending on the age of the donors but significantly depending on the passage. Finally, the MSC differentiation ability decreases according to the passage of the cells but also depending on the donor age. Our study shows that the properties of bone marrow derived MSC are modified not only during amplification in vitro but also in terms of donor age
Lopez, Ponte Adriana. "Etude des facteurs intervenant dans la migration des cellules souches de la moelle osseuse adulte." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4002.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the molecular and cellular factors involved in the migration process of bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Firstly, we investigated the direct effect of G-CSF on human stromal cells that could favor the emigration of hematopoietic cells from the niche. Our results indicate that G-CSF can directly induce BM MSCs to promote hematopoietic cell emigration from the niche through a MMP-dependant mechanism involving MMP2. Secondly, we evaluated the in vitro response of MSCs, pre-incubated or not with inflammatory cytokines, using a migration assay. We showed that MSCs are able to migrate in response to the growth factors PDGFAB and IGF1, and the chemokines RANTES, MDC and SDF1. We next studied in vivo MSC mobilization capacity in a model of hypoxic rats. We found that hypoxia dramatically increased circulating rMSCs. Interestingly, plasmas from hypoxic rats displayed a strong chemotactic activity for normal rMSCs
Espeli, Marion. "Analyse fonctionnelle des interactions entre cellules pré-B et cellules stromales de la moelle osseuse au cours de la différenciation B." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22065.pdf.
Full textHamroun, Ryad-Dalil. "Endothélines et cellules mégacaryoblastiques." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON13524.
Full textBahl, Ritu. "Étude de l'activation des éosinophiles normodenses différenciés à partir de cellules de moelle osseuse humaine normale." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD684.
Full textGALMICHE, MARIE C. "Caracterisation des cellules stromales generees en culture de moelle osseuse humaine au long cours." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA3708.
Full textDestefanis-Exbrayat, Carole. "Evolution du phénotypage lymphocytaire après allo et autogreffe de moelle osseuse ou de progéniteurs circulants." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11070.
Full textPelletier, Laurent. "Modulation de l'angiogenèse médullaire humaine in vitro par des neuropeptides." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA3702.
Full textRossi, Benjamin. "Le récepteur pré-B au cours de la différenciation précoce des lymphocytes B chez l'homme : étude de sa structure et de son mode d'activation." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX22001.
Full textShen, Naizhi. "Étude immunohistochimique des cellules endothéliales cutanées en pathologie humaine." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T027.
Full textLavazais, Emmanuelle. "Utilisation des cellules souches médullaires dans une thérapie cellulaire du diabète : Absence de transdifférenciation en cellules productrices d'insuline dans un modèle murin de diabète induit par la streptozotocine." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2026.
Full textFievet, Loïc Marc André. "Caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle des cellules stromales mésenchymateuses natives de la moelle osseuse humaine adulte." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30137.
Full textWithin the bone marrow (BM), hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are hosted in a specialized 3D microenvironment, called "niche", regulating their behavior (e.g. self-renewal, commitment to lineages, proliferation and survival). This niche is composed of several cells such as vascular endothelial, perivascular, and osteoblastic cells. Perivascular mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a key role in the formation of the microenvironment, both through expression of pro-hematopoietic factors, and their ability to differentiate towards osteoblastic lineage. Therefore, MSCs sub-populations are of crucial physiological importance in the regulation of hematopoiesis, but also for bone formation and regeneration. Recently described in mice at the single-cell level, BM MSCs subsets remain unexplored in humans, as well as their respective roles in the niche. By characterizing these sub-populations, and deciphering their native properties, it will be possible to shape ex vivo the physiological niches in 3D, addressing the major scientific challenges for understanding human hematopoiesis and osteogenesis. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing approaches to characterize the human BM stroma and described key hematopoietic niche factors highly conserved between species. We identified subsets of cells expressing different hematopoietic regulatory genes, spanning endothelial cells, mural cells, and especially MSCs with distinct osteoblastic and adipogenic trajectories. Of interest, our data suggest a simple branching differentiation hierarchy with the presence of a multipotent subset: the CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells at the origin of the other MSCs subpopulations. We confirmed the enrichment of the CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cell subset expressing the Leptin receptor (LEPR+) in the CD45-/CD271+/CD200+ BM fraction as well as their in-situ localization using histological approaches on human biopsies. Secondly, we developed an ex vivo isolation method to preserve and amplify the BM CAR cells, and then studied their self-organization in 3D culture. We found that CAR derived organoids sustained high angiogenesis, secreted CSH niche cytokines, and spontaneously recapitulates early intramembranous bone formation in vitro. Using bioinformatics models and genome editing techniques, we highlighted the role of the WDR35 protein and the primary cilia in osteoblastic differentiation mediated by the Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways. Finally, we have shown that ectopic xenotransplantation of CSM-derived organoids could give rise to mature human osteoblasts while forming a niche for CSHs after hematopoietic humanization of immunocompromised NSG mice. Our study is the first map of the human BM stroma at a single-cell resolution, and CAR cells cultured in 3D represent a new tool useful in basic research as well as in regenerative medicine
Maureira, Juan Pablo. "Traitement de l'infarctus du myocarde chronique : contribution des cellules souches mésenchymateuses de moelle osseuse autologue." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0411/document.
Full textCellular therapy and tissue engineering are new strategies to be tested in the treatment of ischemic cardiopathy. In chronic infarction (MI) specifically, the possibility of rehabilitating a cicatricial zone using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) as well as the feasibility of remodeling parietal ventricular architecture are especially discussed. The first part reviews the main concepts which have led to these new promising avenues of treatment. In the second part we present our work concerning (1) direct myocardial cellular injection via the epicardium in rats and in humans suffering from MI, and (2) direct epicardial surgical application of a tissular patch consisting of BMSC in a type I collagen network. The results show that direct cellular injection is responsible for an immediate non-specific inflammatory reaction. Nevertheless, the work also supports the notions that (1) BMSCs stimulate local angiogenesis on the basis of residual metabolic activity, and (2) the BMSC patch stimulates inverse ventricular remodeling in infarcted rats. The final part is devoted to a wider discussion of these results which are as yet too limited to hope to heal severe myocardial failure. However, despite the fact that these experiments do not confirm the cardiogenic potential of BMSCs, they do strongly hint at the possibility of using this methodology to invert the natural course of MI
Moreau, Isabelle. "Étude du rôle des cellules stromales de moelle osseuse humaine dans le soutien de l'hématopoièse in vitro." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T001.
Full textGrobost, Frédéric. "Culture de cellules de moe͏̈lle osseuse humaine en milieu liquide : essai d'un milieu de culture sans sérum." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P067.
Full textBasciano, Leticia. "L'effet de l'hypoxie sur les conditions de culture des cellules souches mésenchymateuses de la moelle osseuse." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10100/document.
Full textIt is now settled that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), reside in the same microenvironment or niche than hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), within the bone marrow (BM). It is also known that the O2 tension (pO2) of the niche is below 5% as compared to 21% O2 in the air and 12-15% in the arterial blood. As developed in our recent review, this physiological hypoxia protects stem cells from oxidative stress and maintains their multipotential state. Our hypothesis is that MSC cultured in hypoxia should be closer to their physiological condition and therefore more "multipotent". MSC from human BM were cultured et 21% and at 5% pO2. Their morphology, their ability to differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes, and their transcriptome were compared at different passages. We observed a decrease of proliferation rate in early times in hypoxia, characterized by inhibition of the expression of genes involved in cell replication and cell cycle, and an increase in later passages. Whatever the passage, the genes encoding adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix are stimulated by hypoxia. At later times, the ability of MSC differentiation is stimulated by hypoxia, the cells look to be more immature and show decreased synthesis of mitochondria. Indeed, hypoxia stimulates the synthesis of plasticity genes according to "Gene Ontology" (GO) terms, and of several genes involved in neuronal- and epithelial-cell development. In conclusion, the culture of MSC from BM in hypoxia seems to be more physiological and may be useful for regenerative medicine applications
Chrétien, Fabrice Gherardi Romain K. "Les cellules souches musculaires dérivées de la moelle osseuse mise en évidence et étude de l'impact thérapeutique /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0253119.pdf.
Full textThèse électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. f. 80-93.
Chiron, Marielle. "Sensibilité individuelle des cellules leucémiques fraîches vis à vis des immunotoxines : contribution à l'approche pharmacologique de la purge de moelle osseuse." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30222.
Full textDeschamps, Marina. "Immunomodulation post allogreffe de moelle osseuse par l'approche gène suicide : analyse transcriptomique des lymphocytes T CD8+ produits ex vivo par voie rétrovirale et analyse cellulaire et moléculaire des cellules génétiquement modifiées après circulation in vivo chez des patients." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA0010.
Full textWe performed a phase I/II clinical trial of Herpes-Simplex thymidine kinase (HS-tk) expressing gene-modified T cell (GMTC) infusion at time of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Ex-vivo, we have previously shown that our GMTC production method (CD3 activation / NeoR selection) entails phenotypical and functional alterations, limited by an experimental protocol process (CD3-CD28 activation / ΔNGFR-MACS selection). Ln vivo, among 12 patients included, 4 are still alive more than 9 years after BMT. Circulating GMTC-NeoR+ is > to GMTC-HS-tk+, suggesting HS-tk transgene deletions. The present study aims : 1/ at providing a picture of the gene profile signature of GMTC, which may be infused into patients, in different conditions of production ; and 2/ at identifying and characterize the HS-tk alterations. - Our results revealed that : 1/ experimental protocol is less deleterious and should be used in immunotherapy ; and 2/ the whole HS-tk deletion occurs during the ex-vivo production process
Douay, Luc. "Traitement in vitro des moelles leucémiques par les dérives de la cyclophosphamide : bases expérimentales, application à l'autogreffe de moelle osseuse." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077032.
Full textGolfier, François. "Greffe in utero de cellules souches hématopoïétiques foetales humaines : purification de cellules CD34+/++ de foie foetal et de moëlle osseuse foetale." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T007.
Full textSalah-Mohellibi, Nouzha. "La transplantation de moelle osseuse atténue le phénomène musculaire d'un modèle murin d'amyotrophie spinale." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2006/Interne/2006EVRY0038.pdf.
Full textSMA ("spinal muscular atrophy") is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting 1 in 10000 newborns. SMA is characterized by the degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord associated with a proximal muscle paralysis. Mutations of the survival motor neuron (SMN1) gene are responsible for SMA. These data led us to investigate therapeutic strategies targeting both neurons and skeletal muscle. Our goal was to test the therapeutic potentialities of bone marrow-derived cells by using transplantation of wild-type bone marrow cells following irradiation of 2 month-old recipient mice. This experiment improved their motor capacity and led to an activation of skeletal muscle regeneration. We also showed that HGF transcripts and protein were upregulated in the skeletal muscle of mutant mice transplanted with wild-type bone marrow. These data indicate that HGF may represent a good candidate factor to ensure this biological activity
Selmani, Zohair. "Investigation au niveau de la caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle des cellules souches mésenchymateuses natives et cultivées de moelle osseuse." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA3003.
Full textDuring the previous decade our knowledge of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) bas been stimulated by their application in regenerative medecine. Today we can distinguish two types of MSC : fresh cells (MSCn), which are enriched directly from bone marrow and resemble more closely to in vivo MSC ; the second type (MSCc) can be obtained after isolation and in vitro expansion of MSCn. Here we have characterized MSCn and investigated the immunosuppressive potential of MSCc. - Due to our ability to isolate MSCn by immunomagnetic separation using an antibody against CD49a (highly conserved protein between species), we have been able to characterize MSCn from different species showing that they express common stem cell markeTs such as CD133, c-kit and Sca-1 (murine). - Secondly, we showed that in contrast to endothelial progenitors (PE), MSCn are not mobilized into the peripheral blood of patients treated by statins. - Lastly, we demonstrated for the first time that MSCc express the immunosuppressive molecule HLA-G5. This molecule is implicated in the induction of regulatory T-cells, is able also to both inhibit the proliferation of allogeneic T cells and prevent NK cells lysis. Moreover, these properties were shown to be dependent on cell contact and IL-10 expression. - ln summary this work shed light on the functional and phenotypic properties of mesenchymal stem cells
Chrétien, Fabrice. "Les cellules souches musculaires dérivées de la moelle osseuse : mise en évidence et étude de l'impact thérapeutique." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002531190204611&vid=upec.
Full textWe used transplantation of green fluorescent bone marrow to irradiated mice. The green fluorescent protein serves as an unambiguous marker of donor cell in the recipient tissues. Using this procedure, we demonstrate bone marrow-derived cells (i) in interstitial location expressing stem cell markers (ii) in satellite cell niche expressing canonical markers of satellite cells and able to fuse to form muscle fibers. These GFP+ fibers are more numerous after bone-marrow transplantation, in mdx mice with dystrophin deficiency. Dystrophin expression, in GFP+ fibers, is restricted to the site of fusion whereas GFP diffuse far from it. These results suggest that cell therapy could be, in the future, more appropriate to correct soluble protein deficiency than membrane associated protein
Lereclus, Emilie. "Origine et rôles des cellules myéloïdes suppressives dans le sepsis." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0060/document.
Full textMyeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cell, and are regrouped in two subsets: the monocytic-MDSC (M-MDSC) and the polymorphonuclear-MDSC (PMN-MDSC). These cells have immunosuppressive capacities and mainly act on T cells. MDSC can express the ligand PD-L1 and induce PD-1 expressing-T cells exhaustion. During sepsis, several immunological changes occur, and MDSC probably downregulate the hyper-inflammatory state, contributing to the immunosuppression phase encountered in patients after a sepsis. Immunocompromised patients can develop secondary infections, and reactivate latent virus. The aims of our study were to highlight the origin of MDSC in sepsis, and to explore their roles in the immunosuppression state, especially in the Torque Teno Virus (TTV) reactivation. Our results show, both ex vivo and in vitro, that in sepsis, MDSC originate from bone marrow are induced by G-CSF and IL-6. These PD-L1 expressing-cells are increased in peripheral blood very early in sepsis, and persist during hospitalization. These MDSC are able to inhibit T cells in vitro. The increase of TTV viral load is observed in peripheral blood of patients but is not correlated with MDSC frequencies. These results suggest that during sepsis, the cytokine storm boosts PD-L1 expressing MDSC’s production by bone marrow, which contribute in peripheral blood to the immunosuppression
Petit, Thierry. "Analyse du chimerisme hematopoietique chez l'homme : etude de patients traites par allogreffe de moelle osseuse ; recherche de cellules maternelles dans le sang foetal (doctorat : bases fondamentales de l'oncogenese)." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA11T010.
Full textFaucheux, Corinne. "Etude de la différenciation des cellules stromales issues de la moelle osseuse humaine. Elaboration de matériaux hybrides ostéoinducteurs." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28527.
Full textBalzano-Foucher, Marielle. "Influence du microenvironnement stromal de la moelle osseuse sur le développement des lymphocytes B normaux et pathologiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4048.
Full textIn adults, the early stages of hematopoietic development take place in the bone marrow (BM). The contribution of specialized cells of mesenchymal origin, called stromal niches, has been demonstrated in the case of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and B lymphocyte development. Indeed, the maintenance of HSC depends on perivascular niches secreting CXCL12 and SCF. Furthermore progenitor B cells (preproB) are in contact with CXCL12+ stromal cells and migrate towards interleukin 7 expressing stromal cells during their differentiation into proB cells. PreBCR expression then marks the entrance into the preB cell stage. At this point, the cells are in contact with galectin-1+ stromal cells.Although progress have been made in understanding the role of stromal cell niches, their heterogeneity and the mechanisms controlling migration and adhesion of differentiating hematopoietic cells are controversial and remain to be defined. With this objective, we characterized phenotypically BM stromal cells but also demonstrated the existence of a multi-specific niche, associated to sinusoids and able to support both HSC and early B cells.The contribution of BM niches in the development and resistance to treatment of B cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL), pathological equivalent of developing B cells has also been demonstrated. During my PhD, our work revealed the influence of a factor expressed by BM stromal cells on the proliferation of B-ALL. Ultimately, this work will allow the development of treatments targeting the protective functions of tumor niches
Muller, Pierre. "Autogreffes medullaires d'un lymphome anaplasique a grandes cellules ki 1 positif de l'enfant : une observation." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M035.
Full textLassailly, François. "Multimodal imaging technologies for identification and characterization of mouse and human hematopoietic stem cell niches in health and disease." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077110.
Full textIn order to track human leukaemia cells in-vivo after xenotransplantation in immunodeficient animals we have evaluated and exploited different optical imaging technologies. Bioluminescence imaging provides quantitative data to track cells macroscopically and whole body fluorescence imaging offers structural and physiological information that can be co-registered with bioluminescence. Intravital microscopy (IVM) of calvarium's live bone marrow (BM) can be done in a non-invasive way using confocal / multiphoton imaging, and allows to analyse cells interactions with their microenvironment. Exploitation of these techniques, together with new contrasting procédures, allowed us to revise the BM structure and analyze haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and their specialized microenvironment, or niches (HSCN), in different regions of the skeleton. We first demonstrate that BM is a hyper-vascularised organ, which does not displaying evidence of chronic hypoxia. We report that HSCNs are homogeneously distributed throughout the skeleton, irrespective of blood vessels density (BVD) and bone remodelling activity (BRA), contrary to widely spread beliefs. We reveal that niches used during haematopoietic reconstitution are defined by high BVD and BRA. We also demonstrate that osteoblastic niches are perivascular, whatever the place in the skeleton. These data demonstrate that BM is structurally and functionally heterogeneous and that IVM of the calvarium is a good model to analyze HSCs and their interactions with HSCNs. These strategies are now being exploited for studying human leukaemia cells and their interactions with the microenvironment in-vivo
Clément-Demange, Lise. "Établissement précoce des cellules métastatiques dans la moelle osseuse : implication d’une forme non glycosylée du récepteur de guidage axonal ROBO4." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10077/document.
Full textBone metastasis is a complication of many cancers such as lung, breast and prostate. In women, 70% of patients with advanced breast cancer predominantly develop osteolytic metastases. This type of metastasis is associated with significant bone destruction in patients causing bone pain and pathological fractures. The current treatments, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, are not curative but only palliative, so it is essential to identify new factors involved in the metastatic progression to improve prognosis and to devise new therapeutic approaches. In this context, a comparative transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that axon guidance ROBO1 and ROBO4 receptors were overexpressed in a subpopulation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells that only metastasize to bone (referred to as B02). Interestingly, high ROBO4 expression in primary tumors from patients with breast cancer correlated with poor prognosis and increased risk of relapse to bone. In mice, a 50% reduction in tumor burden was observed when ROBO4-depleted B02 cells were inoculated in the mammary fat pad of mice; and targeting of parental B02 cells with an anti-ROBO4 antibody before intra-tibia inoculation decreased the incidence of tumor cell colony formation. In vitro, the co-culture of B02 cells with murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells increased SLIT2 production, the primary ligand of ROBO receptors, by MC3T3 cells. Further, the treatment with an anti-ROBO4 antibody dramatically reduced B02 cell adhesion to MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, over-expression of ROBO4 in other models of breast cancer led to the discovery of a glycoform of ROBO4. The study of the two ROBO4 isoforms (glycosylated and non-glycosylated) revealed the aggressive nature of the non-glycosylated form compared to the glycosylated form. These results provide strong evidence that the axon guidance receptor ROBO4 is involved in bone metastasis formation and that the use of an antibody directed against the non-glycosylated form of this receptor could lead to the development of innovative therapies to prevent metastasis formation in the bone marrow
Breton, Caroline. "Role du micro environnement stromal au cours du developpement des lymphocytes b dans la moelle osseuse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22018/document.
Full textIn the bone marrow, hematopoietic progenitors differentiate in close contact with stromal cells, essential for their survival. During B cell development, the progenitors differentiate through several sequential stages including pro-B cells, pre-BI cells, pre-BII cells and immature B cells, which allow setting up the rearrangements of genes encoding the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains. The expression of a functional pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) at the surface of the pre-BII cells represents a crucial checkpoint during B cell differentiation. The laboratory has previously demonstrated that the stromal cell-derived galectin-1 (gal1) is a link between the pre-BCR and certain integrins. This binding drives the pre-BCR in the pre-BII/stromal cell synapse, leading to the initiation of pre-BCR signaling.During my PhD, I have been interested in the role of stromal cells at the pre-BII cell stage. We first demonstrated the importance of synapse formation and the importance of the interactions between the pre-BCR, integrins and gal1 for the proliferation and differentiation of pre-BII cells in vivo. Finally, we characterized the bone marrow stromal cells which express gal1. This work showed that the majority of pre-BII cells, unlike other B cell progenitors, was in contact with gal1+ stromal cells, providing the first evidence of the existence of a specific stromal cell niche for the pre-BII cells
Lopes, Noëlla. "La lymphotoxine alpha : acteur clé de la régénération thymique et régulateur négatif de l'établissement de la tolérance centrale des lymphocytes T." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0327.
Full textIn the thymus, medulla constitutes an essential compartment for clonal deletion and the generation of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs). Reciprocally, CD4+ thymocytes control the development of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). These bi-directional interactions are referred to as "crosstalk". It has been shown that this crosstalk induces the expression of lymphotoxin $alpha$ (LT$alpha$) in autoreactive CD4+ thymocytes, which controls the medulla organization. During my thesis, I studied the role of LT$alpha$ in: (1) thymic regeneration after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), (2) migration of antigen (Ag) presenting cells (APCs) in the thymus and (3) suppressive functions of Tregs. Project 1 has shown that LT$alpha$, regulated by RANKL, is overexpressed in lymphoid tissue inducer cells (LTi) after BMT and is critical for thymic regeneration. Furthermore, projet 2 has demonstrated that LT⍺ limits the migration of thymic APCs to fine-tune clonal deletion. Interestingly, Tregs strongly express LTα. Project 3 has demonstrated that Lta-/- Tregs exhibit a highly suppressive signature and that the transfer of these cells protects from intestinal inflammation and attenuates the development of autoimmunity. Finally, the last project has revealed that CD4+ thymocytes via Ag-specific interactions induce the development and function of mTECs. In absence of these interactions, T cells are autoreactive and induce autoimmunity, indicating that they are essential for the induction of T-cell tolerance
Moya, Adrien. "Stratégies pour améliorer la fonctionnalité des cellules souches multipotentes dérivées du stroma de la moelle osseuse en ingénierie tissulaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC209/document.
Full textBone marrow stromal derived multipotent stem cells (MSCs) are most suited cells for tissue engineering applications. Nowadays, numerous clinical trials use these MSCs in order to develop new innovative therapies. In the present work, we developed two preconditioning strategies with the aim of improving MSCs functionality for bone tissue engineering. Massive cell death upon implantation drastically reduces the potentials benefits of such MSCs- based therapies. The ischemic hostile environment that cells faces upon implantation is, not the sole, but surely the prime factor responsible for this cell-death. The first strategy aimed at improving hMSCs survival in ischemic conditions. We were able to demonstrate that a quiescence preconditioning induces a modification in the hMSCs metabolic profile thus improving their survival for as long as 14 days in an in vitro ischemic model and 7 days in vivo. This modification is characterized by (i) a shift from an OXPHOS- dependent metabolism towards a glycolytic metabolism, and (ii) activation of pro-survival pathways via mTORC1 inhibition and autophagy activation. The second strategy was to induce a pro-osteogenic phenotype likely favorable for bone formation. To this aim, hMSCs were predifferentiated toward the adipogenic lineage (AD); an hMSCs lineage known to be closely related to the osteogenic one. It appears that predifferentiated hMSCs (AD+) are not only committed towards the adipogenic lineage but also towards the osteogenic one. These hMSCs-AD+ exhibit enhanced direct and paracrine pro-osteogenic potentials, as a result, they are capable of inducing bone tissue formation 5-times more in vivo. These two strategies might enhance the therapeutic outcomes of MSCs-based products for bone tissue engineering applications
Leroy, Elisabeth. "Etude de la signification fonctionnelle des lymphocytes t cd8+/cd57+ après greffe de moelle osseuse allogènique chez l'homme." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077054.
Full textNait, Lechguer Adnane. "Ingénierie de l'organe dentaire à partir de cellules dissociées : morphogénèse coronaire, vascularisation et innervation." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/NAIT_LECHGUER_Adnane_2010.pdf.
Full textDidot, Nicolas Marie Pierre-Yves. "Imagerie multimodale en SPECT, PET et IRM de la thérapie cellulaire cardiaque Résultats d'une étude clinique nancéenne utilisant les cellules médullaires mononucléées /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2009_DIDOT_NICOLAS.pdf.
Full textLam, Shang Leen Laetitia. "Rôle de l'ostéopontine dans l'effet des œstrogènes sur l'accélération de la réendothélialisation chez la souris." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21469.
Full textMaintaining the integrity and the function of the endothelium layer is critical in vascular physiopathology. Indeed, endothelial lesions induce neointimal thickening and thrombi, leading to vessel obstruction. Strategies of stimulation repair is thus of major interest. Estrogens have been shown to accelerate reendothelialization. In this work, we aimed at (1) describing more precisely the cellular and molecular events occuring during endothelial repair and the effect of estradiol (E2) on these phenomena and, (2) defining the involvement of osteopontin (OPN) in the acceleration of reendothelialization induced by E2 and its action sites. We have demonstrated that E2 induced migration of endothelial cells (EC) from a healthy zone located at the edge of the lesion site and that proliferation of EC occurs afterwards. Using OPN-/- mice, bone marrow (BM) transplantation and immunohistochemistry techniques, we have demonsttrated that OPN is a critical element of E2-stimulated acceleration of endothelial repair and must be present in two cell compartments (EC and BM-derived cells) in order to induce its effect. In the local vascular EC, OPN overexpression is sufficient to accelerate endothelial repair. OPN must be produced by BM-derived cells to enable them to adhere more efficiently to the regenerating endothelium, where they seem to act in a paracrine fashion in order to activate or to potentialize EC migration from the healthy zone
Loeuillet, Corinne. "Etablissement, caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle de lignées stromales médullaires humaines." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESAA001.
Full textDomenech, Jorge. "Etude in vitro de l'hématopoïèse et de sa régulation après autogreffe de moelle osseuse." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3303.
Full textBrugerolle, de Fraissinette Anne de. "Étude des précurseurs de la cellule de Langerhans." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T053.
Full textEren, Philippe. "Rôle des facteurs plaquettaires de la thrombose et des adipokines dans la thérapie cellulaire pro-angiogénique." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077027.
Full textWe were interested in the mechanisms of neovascularization stimulated by endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Transplantation of EPC from thé bone marrow is considered as a potential tool for cell therapy to stimulate the neovascularization of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. The main current challenge consists in better understanding the principle of action of these cells, and to optimize the benefits of cell therapy by increasing their pro-angiogenic function. Here, we chose to focus on the role of platelet factors during thrombosis and on adipocyte cytokines. We could show for the first time that platelet thrombospondine-1 (TSPI) and plasma fibrinogen (FGN) play critical and complementary roles in the recruitment of circulating EPC towards zones of thrombosis and ischemia. Conversion of FGN into deposits of fibrin provides a local substrate favorable to EPC engraftment, whereas TSPI stimulates the expression and avidity of their cell adhesion receptors. EPC recruitment operates without foiling survival or endothelial differentiation. Furthermore, we could show that the survival of the recruited EPC is conditioned by adiponectin, an adipocyte cytokine. Thus, FGN, TSPI and adiponectin are essential to the pro-angiogenic function of EPC and to the success of cell therapy in ischemic tissues. We could also suggest how our observations can be adapted to increase thé benefits of pro-angiogenic cell therapy
Lecourt, Séverine. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires régissant la biologie des cellules souches médullaires dans la maladie de Gaucher de type 1." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077122.
Full textGaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the defective activity of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Lysosomal accumulation of glucocerebroside leads to heterogeneous clinical symptoms, including visceral, hematological and bone manifestations. Mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of Gaucher disease are poorly understood. We aimed to study mechanisms governing the biology of stem cell populations of the bone marrow in order to define their potential role in the pathophysiology of the disease. We evaluated the potential involvement of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells in an in vitro chemical model of GD obtained with Conduritol P epoxide and in samples from Gaucher Disease patients. Glucocerebrosidase deficiency in hematopoietic stem cells lead to abnormal function of these cells and might be involved in hematologic symptoms observed in GD. Moreover, bone abnormalities observed in GD might be the consequence of a decreased mesenchymal stem cells potential of differentiation into the osteoblastic lineage and also to abnormal secretome that promote osteoclasts activation