Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules de muscle lisse vasculaires'
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Bea, Marie-Luce. "Caracterisation de cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires d'origine corticale renale en culture et etude de leurs recepteurs de la bradykinine et du facteur atrial natriuretique." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077132.
Full textLaemmel, Eric. "Etude du comportement prolifératif et sécrétoire des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires sur supports protéiques héparinés : Contribution à l'amélioration des greffons vasculaires." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1001.
Full textReplacement of a piece of sick vessel by a synthetic graft induces various biological responses (thrombosis, intimaI thickening) that can produce post-operative prosthesis occlusion. The host vessel reacts by forming an intimaI thickening at the sites of anastomosis. This growth factor-dependent proliferation primarily involves smooth muscle cells (SMC) and is triggered by an injury or dysfunction of endothelial cells. We have developed a co-culture model to study the interaction between endothelial cells and SMC and their biological response to vascular injury. Cells were isolated from bovine aorta arteries. Ln our model, heparin was shawn to be very effective in slowing down SMC proliferation. Heparin was covalently bound to two proteinic supports, which were composed of gelatin and/or albumin, using a water-soluble carbodiimide. We observed an inhibition of SMC growth that was proportion al to the amounts of heparin linked to these supports. Chemical modifications of proteinic surfaces lead to fluctuations of their physico-chemical, structural, or energetical states, that could in part impact cell proliferation. These heparinised supports also seemed to influence the secretion of extracellular matrix proteins, but not of matrix metalloproteinases. Our coagulation studies demonstrate that heparinized supports acquire anticoagulant properties starting with the lowest amounts of fixed heparin
Gomez, Delphine. "Reprogrammation épigénétique des cellules musculaires lisses aortiques : application au remodelage anevrysmal." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077269.
Full textThoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a chronic dilatation of the aortic wall. It is characterized by the extracellular matrix degradation and Smooth Muscle Cell (SMC) rarefaction. These features are common to ail types of TAA (genetic and non genetic forms). Our hypothesis is that there is, in addition to the tissue features, common cellular and molecular perturbations in TAA. Thus, the dysregulation of the TGF-pl/Smad pathway was predicted. We demonstrated a common activation of Smad2 in TAA, whatever the etiology. This activation is independent of TGF-pl. This work demonstrates that the Smad2 perturbation is controlled by an epigenetic mechanism. The epigenetic regulation of both activation and expression of Smad2 confers properties such as autonomization, heritability, stability and cell specificity. This mechanism induces SMAD2 activation by both histone code modification and transcription factor recruitment (p53). This process leads to a phenotypic switch of the aneurysmal SMC. Smad2, as a transcriptional factor, induces the overexpression of protease inhibitors and causes the development of an anti-apoptotic protective phenotype. In conclusion, we demonstrate the involvement of an epigenetic regulation of the Smad2 pathway and the phenotypic modulation of the aneurysmal SMC. This study underlines the impact of the Smad2 signaling pathway and the importance of chronic compensatory processes in the aneurysmal SMC
Mohamadi, Amel. "Rôle des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires et des intégrines dans la génération de thrombine dans le compartiment sanguin et vasculaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0339/document.
Full textOne of the major properties of thrombin is the pleiotropic character of its physiological and pathological effects, both in the blood compartment and the tissue of the arterial wall. We hypothesized that the phenotypic changes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in modifications of pro- and anti-coagulant properties of the arterial wall. The objectives were to examine: (i) the prothrombotic role of VSMCs in hypertension of SHR rats and in the metabolic syndrome (Smet) of Zucker rats, (ii) regulatory mechanisms of thrombin generation by integrin αvβ3 of VSMCs (a pro-thrombin receptor), and to develop fluorinated glyco- peptides for imaging, to assess the activity of this integrin in the wall, and (iii) evaluate the effect of genetic variants of the 9p21 locus that give a susceptibility to coronary heart disease on the coagulation phenotype. Results: The VSMCs are responsible for the prothrombotic phenotype of the arterial wall associated with hypertension in SHR rats. Free fatty acids and vascular inflammation increase thrombin generation in the two compartments resulting in decreased fibrinolysis and an increased metallo-proteinase activity in the Zucker rats. The invalidation of integrin αvβ3 of VSMCs reduced thrombin generation in the two compartments and slowed angiotensin-induced carotid thrombosis. Tracing of the integrin αvβ3 by glyco-peptides including RGD was validated at the platelet level and VSMCs. Mice invalidated for the 9p21 locus express a prothrombotic phenotype that is found in humans for certain variants (rs10120688 and rs1333040) in this locus. In conclusion, the VSMC is a cell supported key to procoagulant reactions and may be involved via integrins and/or its receptors for thrombin in the ”tissular thrombin - cell rigidity” coupling in vascular pathologies
Lévesque, Lucie. "Étude des effets de contraintes dynamiques sur l'organisation d'échafaudage collagène-cellules." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27637.
Full textIn the last thirty years, vascular tissue engineering has emerged as an important field in tissue engineering due to a significant clinical need for adequate vascular graft for replacement of small diameter artery. Indeed, the current autologous or synthetic grafts of small diameter present a high failure rate within 5 to 10 years. Despite the efforts injected in the recent years, the clinical translation of engineered artery constructs is far from being successful. One of the challenges encountered in tissue engineering is the control of cellular functions that dictates the maturation of tissue engineering constructs. Furthermore, numerous studies have been conducted on the response of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in 2D under cyclic strain, but a few have examined the effect of cyclic strain on SMCs in 3D to optimize the control strategies of bioreactors for tissue maturation and generation. Thus, this research project aims to study the effects of cyclic mechanical stimuli on cellularised collagen scaffolds. Collagen has been used as a scaffold due to its excellent biological properties and since it is found in the wall of physiological arteries. A system for imposing cyclic mechanical stimuli in 2D to 3D cellularised collagen constructs was therefore developed. The cyclic stresses revealed a preferential orientation of the cells in the direction of the strain, as well as an orientation by the cells of the collagen fibrils in the same direction. Moreover, the remodeling performed by the cells led to an improvement of the viscoelastic properties of the construct and to a mechanical behavior similar to the saphenous vein under stress-relaxation. The cells also shown a desensitization to cyclic mechanical stimuli. Thus, this research allowed to answer some of the questions related to cellular behavior in a 3D environment under mechanical stimulation. Deepening our knowledge of cell behavior in 3D environment under cyclic mechanical stimuli remains a key challenge in obtaining regenerated artery with similar physiological properties than native arteries.
Hénaut, Lucie. "Implication du récepteur sensible au calcium exprimé par les cellules musculaires lisses aortiques dans la prévention des calcifications vasculaires." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIED010.
Full textHodroj, Wassim. "Étude comparative de l'angiotensine II et de l'angiotensine IV in vitro au niveau des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires humaines : caractérisation fonctionnelle des effets de l'angiotensine IV sur le transport de glucose insulino-dépendant." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10138.
Full textBérard, Annie. "Activités réductases des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires sur les dérivés monohydroxylés, et signalisation inter-cellulaire." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P030.
Full textAndré, Gwennan. "Rôles de la protéine G monomérique Rac1 in vivo dans les cellules musculaires lisses : implications en physiopathologies vasculaires, bronchiques et digestives." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT28VS.
Full textLacape, Geneviève. "Contribution à l'étude d'un mécanisme d'information transcellulaire : le métabolisme d'acides gras hydroxyles par les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2B001.
Full textHerbert, Jean-Marc. "Effet des polysaccharides sulfates sur la proliferation des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires en culture." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF21019.
Full textPoulette, Sylvie. "Recepteurs des angiotensines et des kinines des cellules musculaires lisses artérielles en culture : rôle des kinines sur le trophisme des cellules artérielles." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28382.
Full textDilasser, Florian. "Rôle in vivo de la protéine G monomérique Rac1 dans les cellules musculaires lisses de la sphère pulmonaire : implications en physiopathologies bronchiques et vasculaires." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1026.
Full textContraction is the major function of smooth muscle cells (SMC). In certain pathological situations, SMCs deregulation leads to hyperreactivity and dedifferentiation promoting tissue remodeling. The Rac1 protein regulates in vitro essential SMCs functions. The objective of my thesis was to determine the role of Rac1 in vivo in pulmonary SMCs (bronchial and vascular) and its importance in the development of pathologies. The implementation of experimental models allowed me to highlight Rac1 hyperactivity in bronchial SMCs from asthmatic mice and in pulmonary artery (PA) SMCs from mice with pulmonary hypertension (PAH). Through in vivo and in vitro approaches, I have demonstrated that Rac1 plays an essential role in the contraction and proliferation of bronchial SMCs. Conversely, my results show that Rac1 in pulmonary vascular SMCs is involved in the production of reactive oxygen species inducing SMCs proliferation and PA remodeling associated with PAH. My results demonstrate a different role of Rac1 depending on the origin of SMCs but identify Rac1 as a therapeutic target for pathologies associated with hyperreactivity and/or remodeling of SMCs. An in silico screening, in vitro and ex vivo tests, allowed us to identify a Rac1 inhibitor: the A41 molecule. Nebulization of A41 prevents hyperreactivity and bronchial remodeling in asthmatic mice, confirming our results on the role of Rac1 in allergic asthma and its therapeutic interest
Renault, Marie-Ange. "Mécanisme de régulation de l'expression de l'ostéopontine dans les cellules musculaires lisses artérielles : rôle de l'ostéopontine dans l'angiogénèse." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21135.
Full textOsteopontin (OPN) is a protein, which has been largely involved in vascular remodeling. We are interested in understanding the mechanisms involved in SMC migration and the role of extracellular nucleotides. In this context, the aims of my PhD. Work was 1) to understand the mechanisms involved in UTP-induced OPN expression in aortic smooth muscle cells and 2) to demonstrate the role of OPN in angiogenesis in vivo. I showed, by using promoter analysis methods, that at least three transcription factors (AP-1, USF, NF-kB) are involved in UTP-induced OPN expression. AP-1 and USF are activated via ERK 1/2 whereas NF-kB is activated via PKCdelta. Moreover this study compares transduction pathways involved in UTP, angiotensin II and PDGF-induced OPN expression. The role of OPN in angiogenesis was demonsttrated using hindlimb ischemia mouse model. I put into evidence that angiogenesis was delayed in OPN-/- mice versus C57BL/6 mice ; moreover I showed that its kinetic is different in male and female
Zhang, Liang. "Évaluation du rôle de nouvelles isoformes de PDE dans la compartimentation des nucléotides cycliques dans les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires et les cardiomyocytes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS290.
Full textThe two cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are important second messengers that regulate a large variety of cellular functions, in particular cardiovascular contractile function, cardiomyocyte cell growth and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) degrade cyclic nucleotides, and exert a fine local control of their intracellular concentration. Alteration of cyclic nucleotides signaling pathway is involved in several pathological situations such as systemic and pulmonary arterial hypertensions, atherosclerotic lesions and cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, PDEs constitute potent therapeutic targets to restore a right cyclic nucleotide function. Eleven families of PDEs are now described, PDE1-6 being the most studied and PDE 7-11 representing the new families.The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the respective role of 4 PDE families, the Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated PDE1, the cGMP-specific PDE5 and PDE9, and the cAMP-specific PDE8, in controlling intracellular cAMP ([cAMP]i) and intracellular cGMP ([cGMP]i) concentrations in both rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) and cardiac myocytes by using a pharmacological approach taken advantage of the development of new selective PDE inhibitors. Cyclic AMP- and cGMP-hydrolyzing activities were measured by enzymatic assay on cell lysate, whereas real-time [cAMP]i and [cGMP]i were followed in situ in isolated cells using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) imaging. In cultured RASMCs, PDE1, PDE5 and PDE9 hydrolyzing activities were observed. We showed a functional role of basal PDE1 in controlling [cGMP]i increased by the C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP). Interestingly, upon high intracellular Ca2+ concentration, PDE1 also regulated the Nitric Oxide (NO)-mediated [cGMP]i response and the β-adrenoceptor (β-AR)-mediated [cAMP]i response. PDE5 exerted a major role in degrading [cGMP]i produced by the activation of either the soluble guanylyl cyclase (GC) elicited by NO or the particulate GCs by the natriuretic peptides, CNP and ANP. By contrast, PDE9 only regulated NO-induced [cGMP]i increase in cultured RASMCs. No cAMP-hydrolyzing activity or function was revealed with the PDE8 inhibitor in RASMCs or cardiac myocytes. In rat cardiomyocytes, PDE1-mediated hydrolyzing activity was only detected on cGMP in the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin. Unexpectedly, PDE1 inhibition slightly affected the β-AR-mediated [cAMP]i response by increasing the peak of FRET signal.In conclusion, our work underscores the distinct role of PDE1, PDE5, and PDE9 in locally regulating the [cAMP]i and [cGMP]i, in vascular smooth muscle cells, strengthening the concept of PDEs as key actors of cyclic nucleotide subcellular compartmentation
Schordan, Eric. "Implication de la protéine apparentée à l'hormone parathyroïdienne (PTHrP) dans la prolifération des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires et identification d'une cible nucléaire de la PTHrP." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/SCHORDAN_Eric_2005.pdf.
Full textIn vivo, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are continuously exposed to mechanical cyclic stretch due to the pulsatile blood flow from the cardiac contractile cycle. Stretch is altered in pathological conditions and contribute to vascular remodeling by modulating VSMC proliferation and death. We have previously shown that PTHrP inhibits VSMC proliferation through the auto/paracrine pathway but stimulates VSMC proliferation through the intracrine pathway by translocating into the nucleus. Here we used VSMC isolated from both resistance and compliance vessels to study the role of PTHrP in VSMC proliferation under experimental stretch. We show that PTHrP gene expression is up-regulated by stretch and that PTHrP opposes the inhibitory effect induced by stretch on VSMC proliferation through the intracrine pathway. In addition, we demonstrate that PTHrP expression is controlled at the post-transcriptional level by stretch. These results strongly suggest that PTHrP plays a critical role in the modulation of VSMC proliferation in response to stretch. Elucidation of intracrine pathway of PTHrP is a reel challenge, nothing is known for years. Previous models are unable to define effect of endogenous PTHrP. Here, I used primary VSMC derived from transgenic mice in which exon 4 of the PTHrP was floxed. These cells were transfected with a Cre recombiase to obtain PTHrP null cells. Then it was possible to study endogenous PTHrP and intracrine or paracrine effect of PTHrP with transfection of different mutant construction. One of the nuclear target identified was the cullin-3 which is implicated in degradation of the cycle E, Nrf2 and the topoisomerase I. Cullin 3 expression is upregulated in VSMC both in response of transfection with PTHrP and mechanical stretch but not with transfection with a mutant PTHrP without the nuclear localization signal and in clear cell renal carcinoma which strongly expressed PTHrP indicating a possible implication of PTHrP and cullin 3 in cancer
Régent, Alexis. "Étude du rôle des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires (CMLV) et des anticorps anti-CMLV dans la pathogénie de l’artérite à cellules géantes (maladie de Horton)." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S021/document.
Full textBackground : Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large vessel vasculitis and its diagnosis usually relies on the identification of an inflammatory infiltrate made of mononuclear cells and giant cells upon temporal artery biopsy. There is also a remodeling process in the arterial wall due to an excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) which can sometimes lead to arterial occlusion. Purpose: Identify auto-antibodies targeting either endothelial cells (EC) and/or VSMC during GCA and better understand the role of VSMC in the remodeling process. Methods : Auto-antibodies were detected by a 2-dimensionnal immunoblot and their target antigens were identified by mass spectrometry. Proteoms of umbilical artery, pulmonary artery and aorta VSMC were compared by 2 dimension differential in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). In order to identify mechanisms involved in VSMC proliferation in GCA, we used both 2D-DIGE and pan genomic chips in order to compare VSMC isolated at the time of temporal artery biopsy (TAB) from patients with a final diagnosis of GCA or another diagnosis. Results : In 15 patients with GCA, we identified lamin, vinculin and Annexin A5 as target antigens of anti-VSMC antibodies. Target antigens were linked with Grb2, an adaptator protein involved in VSMC proliferation. Normal VSMC originating from different vascular beds have differ in protein contents with differential expression of cytoskeleton and energy metabolism proteins. We compared VSMC from TAB with Ingenuity software and identified endothelin-1 (ET-1) and paxillin as proteins involved in vessel remodeling. We confirmed by immunohistichemistry and qPCR that ET-1 and its receptor ETAR and ETBR were expressed in temporal arteries from patients with GCA. Last, we reduced VSMC proliferation with Macitentan, an ETAR and ETBR antagonist and significantly inhibited VSMC proliferation with its active metabolite whereas other ET-1 inhibitors had no effect. Conclusion : We identified anti-VSMC auto-antibodies in patients with GCA. Their pathogenic role remains to be determined. Normal VSMC from different vascular locations differ in protein conten which might reflect different phenotypes and different properties. The escessive proliferation of VSMC from patients with GCA was inhibited by Macitentan. This drug might constitute a future therapeutic option
Said, Rose. "Caractérisation des propriétés pro- et anti-coagulantes associées aux cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0004/document.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to compare the implication (i) of vascular cells, smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells (EC), or circulating cells, platelets, and (ii) microparticles (MP) derived from these different cells in the generation of thrombin but also in its inhibition by the activated protein C (APC) and the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), and to identify the mechanisms and determinants responsibles for observed differences between these different cell supports for coagulation. We have demonstrated that [alpha]v[gamma]3 integrin, the prothrombin receptor on the vascular surfaces, was involved in the generation of thrombin on the surface of these cells subjected or not subjected to cyclic mechanical deformations. At baseline, SMC and EC, have equivalent thrombin generating capacities, but less than that of platelets. We have shown a synergistic role of TFPI with APC in the inhibition of thrombin generation at the surface of these cells, more important with SMC than with EC. Taken together, our results suggest that SMC may exert procoagulant effects comparable to EC but with different regulations in response to pro-and anticoagulant factors, and that MP derived from vascular cells have a very higher thrombogenic activity compared to their parent cells
Beroud, Jacqueline. "Différenciation de cellules mésenchymateuses périnatales vers un phénotype musculaire lisse : base de la construction d'un feuillet vasculaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0344/document.
Full textVascular diseases represent today one of the leading causes of global mortality and the number is increasing. Autologous transplants (limited availability) and synthetic prostheses unsuitable for vessels with a diameter less than 6 mm are not sufficient and there is now a real need of vascular substitute for small vessels. Thus, the concept of vascular engineering seems very promising. This approach is based on the use of "scaffold" associated with a cellular component to build in suitable environmental conditions, a vessel that reacts with the physiological constraints. To this aim, the functionalization of an incorporated media vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) is a prerequisite. Insteag of using Mature CML which are not good candidates (loss of contractile phenotype in culture), we identified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from Wharton's jelly (connective tissue of the umbilical cord) as a major cellular source. Their easiness of recovery, their presence in large numbers, their low immunogenicity, their proliferation and differentiation capacity make them excellent candidates for tissue engineering. In this work we determined the conditions for obtaining a functional CML phenotype and showed the impact of different environmental parameters (oxygen level, growth factors, serum content ...) on the behavior of CSM jelly Wharton. We have shown that: 1) these cells were able to differentiate into cells in contractile phenotype comparable to that of mature SMC. 2) The use of multilayer films of polyelectrolytes as cell adhesion support has shown that MSCs from the Wharton jelly had a specific behavior according to surface charge leading to an inappropriate three-dimensional cultures (PAHPSS)3-PAH and monolayer films on (PAH-PSS)4, 3) These cells could be grown on functionalized alginate hydrogels to provide a cellular sheet which may recreate a vascular media
Vallin, Benjamin. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de nouvelles isoformes d'adénylyl cyclase 8 identifiées dans les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires trans-différenciées." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066117/document.
Full textThe phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) towards a migratory, proliferative and secretory state plays a key role in atherosclerotic plaque expansion and intimal hyperplasia leading to post-angioplasty restenosis. Our previous results suggest that the trans-differentiation of rat, mouse and human VSMC involves the de novo expression of the Adenylyl Cyclase 8 (AC8), an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic AMP (cAMP) (Clement et al., 2006; Gueguen et al., 2010; Keuylian et al., 2012; unpublished results). The main goal of my PhD was to decipher the impact of AC8 expression on cAMP signaling in trans-differentiated VSMC. Using the FRET-based biosensor T-Epac-VV, we showed that the de novo expression of AC8 limits increases in cellular cAMP. This non-canonical function relies on a new family of AC8 isoforms that we have identified and cloned: the AC8E1 to 4. They share a common deletion of the first five transmembrane domains. The biochemical characterization of AC8E over-expressed in HEK cells allowed us to elucidate their functioning. cAMP accumulation assays, co-immunoprecipitation experiments and immunocytochemistry revealed that AC8E hetero-dimerize with functional AC during their maturation in the reticulum, suppress their enzymatic activity and prevent their traffic to the plasma membrane. Numerous studies have shown that increases in cAMP concentration within trans-differentiated VSMC antagonize pathological vascular remodeling (Douglas et al., 2005; Katakami et al., 2010). Thus, the induction of AC8E in trans-differentiated VSMC could prevent the vasculoprotective effects of cAMP and promote the acquisition of a synthetic phenotype
Ait, Aissa Karima. "Étude de l'implication des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires dans la distensibilité et le phénotype thrombotique dans des modèles murins." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0202/document.
Full textThe hypothesis that hypertension may confer a hypercoagulable state arises from the main complications associated with hypertension, stroke and myocardial infarction. Our objective was to determine whether spontaneous hypertension confers changes in the coagulation proteins and the thrombin generating capacity in blood and the vascular wall. We used the model of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with Wistar rats. Thrombin generation was lower in platelet-rich plasma and platelet-free plasma from SHR compared to Wistar. This was related to lower tissue factor (TF) and prothrombin as well as higher TFPI levels in SHR plasma. In contrast, the addition of thoracic aorta rings of SHR to a Wistar plasma pool resulted in a higher increase in thrombin generation compared to the addition of equivalent rings from Wistar. Whereas no difference was observed for endothelial cells, thrombin formation was higher at the surface of cultured SHR aortic SMCs than from Wistar. Exposure of negatively-charged phospholipids was higher on SHR than on Wistar rings as well as on SMCs. TF and TFPI activities were higher in SHR SMCs. These results show opposite thrombin generating capacity of plasma and vessel walls in SHR compared to Wistar. The higher prothrombotic phenotype of the SHR vessel wall was due to the ability of SMCs to support thrombin generation. These findings suggest that the hypertension-induced membrane phospholipid reorganization and synthesis of procoagulant molecules in SMCs provide substrates for increased thrombin formation within the vessel wall
Malam-Souley, Rabé. "Effets de l'ATP exogène sur la prolifération des cellules musculaires lisses artérielles en culture et caractérisation des récepteurs purinergiques P2 impliqués." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28318.
Full textIn pathological or interventional conditions, exogenous ATP can be released by arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC), endothelial cells, or by blood cells such as platelets or erythrocytes. The aim of this work was to identify the role of ATP in the genesis of arterial lesions (atherosclerosis and restenosis) by studying the effects of ATP on proliferation of arterial SMC and to determine some of the mechanisms involved in these responses. In a first time, we demonstrated that exogenous ATP induced several cell responses (inositol-phosphate hydrolysis, cytosolic calcium release, cell cycle dependent gene expression) involved in mitogenic SMC activation. These studies suggested that ATP induced a limited cell cycle progression of SMC in culture from the quiescent state G0 to the middle of the G1-phase of the cell cycle. After a transient stimulation by ATP, this agonist induced a more sustained cell cycle progression through the G1-phase. So, ATP could be considered as a competence factor that makes SMC more sensitive to other factors such as insulin or PDGF, and could contribute to their proliferation. In a second time, we demonstrated that ATP-induced mitogenic responses were mediated via P2y- and P2u purinoceptors. The study demonstrated that exogenous ATP could play a key role in the genesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis, however, this work must be completed since responses of SMC to preferential agonists of P2u- and P2y-purinoceptors were different according to the phenotypic state of arterial SMC, suggesting that SMC responses to ATP might be different in normal and pathological arteries
Ebrahimian, Talin. "Expression et fonction de la NOS neuronale dans les cellules musculaires lisses de la paroi vasculaire." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077155.
Full textBelozertseva, Ekaterina. "Effets du récepteur minéralocorticoïde, de l’intégrine αv et de vimentine sur les fonctions des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires et la rigidité artérielle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0165/document.
Full textArterial stiffness and fibrosis have a predictive value in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CV). These two phenotypes involve vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) including membrane receptors and cytoskeletal proteins. The objectives were to examine: (i) the influence of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) on vascular reactivity, (ii) the role of avb3 integrin in the development of arterial stiffness and vascular fibrosis, and (iii) the impact of vimentin and synemin on arterial structure and function. The mice with genetic invalidation of the proteins of interest were used in these three studies. Results: the absence of MR decreased vascular reactivity by altering the contraction/relaxation coupling of VSMC through Ca2+- and NO-dependent mechanisms (a decrease of vasoconstriction in response to extracellular Ca2+ and impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine). The invalidation of the αv subunit prevented fibrosis in response to the administration of angiotensin II. The absence of vimentin, and not that of the synemin, increased arterial stiffness via changes in focal adhesions of VSMCs as well as endothelial cells. In conclusion, the studied membrane receptors and intracellular proteins that influenced the structure and function of arteries through specific actions on muscle tone, the mechanotransduction and the ultra-structural organization of VSMCs. These studies show the multifactorial dependency of the stiffness-fibrosis phenotypes of the arterial wall at the cellular and molecular levels. These results require more mechanistic work to determine the role of these proteins in CV diseases related to aging
Grassin, Delyle Stanislas. "Rôle de l'hémokinine-1 et des récepteurs des tachykinines dans la contraction de préparations de muscles lisses bronchiques et vasculaires et dans la prolifération des cellules B." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0032.
Full textHemokinin-1 (HK-1) is the last discovered peptide of the tachykinin family. Our work was aimed at characterizing its expression and function in B cells and lung tissue, as well as the role of tachykinins in the contraction of saphenous veins. Our results showed that HK-1 was expressed in B cells and facilitated their proliferation through a mechanism independent of the actually known receptors. We then described its contractile properties on bronchial smooth muscle, following a mixed activation of NK1 and NK2 receptors, and a desensitization of the NK1 receptors was observed. Last, we showed that neurokinin A was able to contract vascular smooth muscle through NK2 receptors, which were also subject to desensitization. Our work contributed to a better knowledge of the tachykinin-related physiopathology
Rouillon, Camille. "Rôle du facteur d’échange nucléotidique Arhgef1 dans l’hémostase." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0092.
Full textOne of the major properties of thrombin is the pleiotropic character of its physiological and pathological effects in both the blood and the tissue compartment of the vessel wall. The RhoA signaling pathway is activated by the binding of thrombin to the PARs receptors and this pathway is a major regulator of mechanotransduction and cellular plasticity. The RhoA exchange factor, Arhgef1, is involved in the development of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension and in atherothrombosis. Our hypothesis is that the control of intracellular RhoA signaling by Arhgef1 is a regulatory element of plasma coagulation and could participate in phenotypic modifications of platelets and vascular cells and thus contribute to the increase of tissue thrombin generation. The objectives were to characterize thrombin generation and platelet function from their activation to their implications in a model of tissue thrombosis, and to study the prothrombotic role of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in Arhgef1 -/- mice. Results: Arhgef1 -/- mice had a normal platelet count but showed a significant decrease in platelet activation, thrombin generation in whole blood and in the presence of platelets (but not in platelet poor plasma) and platelet adhesion compared to control mice. These modifications result, in vivo, by a greater number of transitory stopping of the blood flow in the tail bleeding model and an increase in the time of occurrence of the carotid occlusive thrombus in response to FeCl3 in Arhgef1 -/- mice compared to controls. The VSMCs of Arhgef1 -/- mice generate less thrombin at their surface and have decreased proliferation compared to VSMCs of the control mice. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the role of Arhgef1 in platelet function and in the regulating of the phenotype of VSMCs. The main mechanism involves Rho GTPase in platelet adhesion and in thrombin generation at the VSMC surface that control thrombus formation. These results suggest that this exchange factor is able to amplify aterial thrombosis and could be involved via thrombin receptors in tissue thrombin-cell stiffness coupling via platelets and VSMCs in vascular pathologies
Hugou, Isabelle Anne. "Etude des enzymes de peroxydations lipidiques au cours du processus athéroscléreux : expression des PGH [prostaglandines] synthétases, de la 15 lipoxygénase et des no synthétases dans les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires humaines et de lapin." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28300.
Full textAtherosclerotic lesions arise from an important inflammatory and fibroproliferative response due to endothelial and smooth muscle cells modification. The main molecules acting on cells proliferation are PDGF, IL1. . . As inducers and PGI2, NO as inhibitors. PGI2 synthesis in arterial smooth muscle cells is diminished during atherosclerotic process and should account for a part of the fibroproliferative progression. In these cells, lipoxygenase activity enhancement should explain this decrease in prostacyclin synthesis. Monohydroxylated derivatives (15- and 12-HETE) are known as inhibitors of this synthesis. We have showed that 15-HETE synthesis enhancement in plaques result in 15-lipoxygenase gene induction in macrophages and smooth muscle cells. During plaques installation, we observed PGH2 synthesis augmentation, maybe responsible of the inflammatory response. With in situ hybridization, we demonstrated PGH Synthase-2 gene induction in macrophages accountable for this increased synthesis. With the same technic, NO Synthases genes induction is not seen in vascular cells. Studies have been carried out on healthy and atherosclerotic rabbit aortas, and humans arteries obtained during cardiac surgery. Human tissues preincubated with aspirin are able to synthesize 15-HETE by PGH Synthase-2 pathway. Molecular tools developed (in situ hybridization), should allow more precise studies concerning regulation of enzymes expression in atherosclerosis. Aspirin action on 15-HETE synthesis should worth studing more extensive as for this molecule effect in this disease
Duplàa, Cécile. "Etude de la régulation d'intercellular Adhesion Molécule-1 (ICAM-1) et de Vascular Cell Adhesion Molécule-1 (VCAM-1) dans les cellules musculaires lisses en culture." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28281.
Full textAortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) recruitment in the intima is the major event in the vessel wall pathologies. Understanding of mechanisms underlying "synthetic" and "migratory" SMC phenotype, i. E. Differenciation state, is important for attempt to control intima hyperplasia expansion. Some membrane proteins (integrins or adhesion molecules) involved in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion, could modify SMC phenotype. We approach this phenotypic variability by abalysis of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 membrane proteins expression. A method for relative quantitation of specific mRNA expression by PCR has been developed by using the incorporation of biotinylated dUTP. Transferred biotinylated PCR products gave a sensitive colorimetric signal which could be quantitated by video analysis. We used this approach to analyse variability of expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in cultured SMC stimulated by IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, and IFN gamma cytokines and by PDGF and TGF beta growth factors. Differences were noted between the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene. TNF alpha led to an increase in both VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA and cell surface protein expression in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Il-1 beta induced amounts of ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1. Growth factors seem repressed ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. IFN gamma and TNF alpha have synergic effect on ICAM-1 expression but not on VCAM-1. We have searched for potential alternatif splicing of VCAM-1 in human SMC. This study has been realised by PCR technology, RNase protection, and cDNA library screening. We have detected in SMC two spliced forms. The fact that in physiopathological conditions of aortas, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are only expressed in the intimal space and absent in the media could involve them as inflammation markers, or as molecules implicated in cellular interactions or as differenciation markers
Zurlo, Giada. "Rôle de SIRT1 et de la biogenèse mitochondriale dans la prolifération des cellules du muscle lisse de l'artère pulmonaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS205/document.
Full textPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease characterized by an intensive vascular remodelling, mainly due to hyper-proliferation and resistance to apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Recently it has been found that PASMCs, similarly to cancer cells, demonstrate a shift in energy metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation towards glycolysis thus contributing to their particular phenotype. The deacetylase sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is an important modulator of energy metabolism, particularly via its activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Here we show for the first time that rat and human PASMC proliferation is characterised by a diminution of SIRT1 activity, and is potentiated by SIRT1 pharmacological inhibition or specific downregulation. Moreover, after chronic hypoxia exposure, SIRT1 KO mice display a more intense vascular remodelling compared to their control littermates and this is associated with an exacerbated increase in right ventricle systolic pressure and hypertrophy. Conversely, pharmacological SIRT1 activation strongly inhibits PASMC proliferation, and is associated with the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. In general, the data obtained show that SIRT1 inactivation plays a causative role in PASMC proliferation and this enzyme could be a promising therapeutic target for PAH treatment
AMMARGUELLAT, FATIMA. "Effets directs de l'erythropoietine sur les cellules du muscle lisse vasculaire de rats spontanement hypertendus. Recherche d'un recepteur specifique de l'erythropoietine." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066009.
Full textHassan, Ghada Shawki. "Présence des jonctions de type gap dans les cellules endothéliales et les cellules du muscle lisse vasculaire humaines et leur contribution à la modulation du calcium intracellulaire." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Find full textHassan, Ghada Shawki. "Présence des jonctions de type gap dans les cellules endothéliales et les cellules du muscle lisse vasculaire humaines et leur contribution à la modulation du calcium intracellulaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4147.
Full textEl, Mabrouk Mohammed. "Rôle de l'activation des MAP kinases dans les voies impliquées dans la croissance des cellules du muscle lisse vasculaire dans l'hypertension artérielle." [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ80440.
Full text"NQ-80440." "Thèse présentée à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de philosophiae doctor (Ph. D.) en sciences biomédicales." Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
Peyot, Marie-Line. "Effets de l'adénosine extracellulaire sur l'apoptose et la prolifération de cellules musculaires lisses artérielles." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28791.
Full textCouffinhal, Thierry. "Etude de l'expression des E-sélectines, d'intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) et du vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) dans les cellules de la paroi artérielle." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28285.
Full textIn atherosclerosis, activated endothelial cells (EC) play a key role in monocyte recruitment by the vascular wall. In the intima, the monocyte/macrophage is involved in EC and smooth muscle cells (SMC) activation. Publications rose the importance of endothelial adhesion proteins E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in monocytes and T lymphocytes adhesion in vitro. However, little was known in atherosclerosis in vivo. Our first work was to define, by immunohistochemistry methods, the relation between the degree of monocyte maturation and adhesion proteins expression on vascular endothelium. Parallely, immunohistochemistry analysis of atherosclerosis plaques, showed ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on intimal SMC. SMC of the media were negative. Cytokines and growth factors secreted by activated cells in atherosclerotic plaques could be responsible for adhesion protein expression. So, we have looked for E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on human cultured SMC and compared cytokines effects on their expression. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis was conceived and validated. We have demonstrated that atherosclerosis is associated with an important induction of adhesion proteins, not only on EC surface, promoting monocyte recruitment, but also on SMC surface, arising the question about their role in cell interactions in the plaque. It is easy to imagine ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 function in SMC/lymphocyte interactions, with the induction of an inflammatory process in the atherosclerosis plaque. An other hypothesis would be to consider these adhesion molecules in SMC/SMC interactions, and so involved in the struxtural organisation of the plaque and its evolution
Maltais, Jean-Sébastien. "RAGE comme nouvelle cible thérapeutique prévenant le stress du réticulum endoplasmique et l’apoptose des cellules du muscle lisse vasculaire associés avec le diabète." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8804.
Full textAbstract : Cardiovascular diseases represent, to a large extent, the first cause of morbidity and mortality among people with diabetes. RAGE activation by advanced glycation end products (AGE) generated in hyperglycemic conditions is associated to a multitude of vascular diabetic complications, in particular by a signaling promoting chronic inflammation as well as death of cells forming tissues and organs exposed to AGE. Overexpression of RAGE in smooth muscle cells of vulnerable atheromatous plaques suggests the receptor could contribute to heart attacks and strokes. Therefore, we hypothesize that RAGE activation in smooth muscle cells is involved in apoptosis. To verify this hypothesis, we first designed a new label-free assay based of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to measure apoptosis of a cell monolayer in real-time and to characterize precisely the kinetic parameters of the initiation and execution phases. This assay showed that RAGE activation induces apoptosis of more than 75.6% of smooth muscle cells stimulated with CML-HSA for 20 hours. Moreover, we noticed that RAGE activation generated strong endoplasmic reticular stress, indicated by the formation of a great number of stress granules as well as the increased expression of stress marker HuR and caspase-9, two important regulators of reticular stress-induced apoptosis. In order, to assess the potential of an antagonist to block RAGE activation, we then synthesized the iRAGE peptide whose sequence is derived from a binding site of CML-HSA that has the particularity of owning numerous negative charges at physiological pH. Pretreatment with iRAGE was successful to prevent activation of NF-κB, induction of apoptosis and generation of endoplasmic reticular stress. We suggest a model by which iRAGE inhibits RAGE signaling by hindering the binding of multimeric ligands and by stabilizing the receptors in a monomer state. Ultimately, the synthesis of a RAGE antagonist usable in clinic could constitute a major progress in the prevention of vascular complications and in the quality of life of people with diabetes.
Hagerimana, Aline. "Étude de la modulation de c-fos par le facteur activateur des plaquettes (PAF) dans les cellules du muscle lisse vasculaire et les monocytes." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2002.
Find full textHagerimana, Aline. "Étude de la modulation de c-fos par le facteur activateur des plaquettes (PAF) dans les cellules du muscle lisse vasculaire et les monocytes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3272.
Full textRoszkowska, Monika. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la transdifférenciation des cellules musculaires lisses et calcification dans l'athérosclérose." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1059/document.
Full textVascular calcification (VC) is a hallmark of atherosclerosis plaques. Calcification (formation of apatite) of advanced lesions share common features with endochondral ossification of long bones and appears to stabilize plaques. This process is associated with trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into chondrocyte-like cells. On the other hand, microcalcification of early plaques, which is poorly understood, is thought to be harmful. The two proteins necessary for physiological mineralization are tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and collagen. Under pathological conditions, TNAP is activated by inflammatory cytokines in VSMCs, whereas collagen is produced constantly. The activation of TNAP appears to induce calcification of these cells. Therefore, the objective of this PhD thesis was to study the role of TNAP and generated apatite crystals in the VSMC trans-differentiation and determine underlying molecular mechanisms. Based on the obtained results, we propose that activation of BMP-2, a strong inducer of ectopic calcification, and formation of apatite crystals generated by TNAP represents a likely mechanism responsible for stimulation of VSMC trans-differentiation. Moreover, we were interested in localization and function of mineralization markers such as TNAP and annexins in mineralization process mediated by trans-differentiated VSMCs and VSMC-derived matrix vesicles (MVs). We observed that, similarly as in the case of typical mineralizing cells, increased TNAP activity in VSMC-derived MVs and association with collagen were important for their ability to mineralize
Stepien, Olivier. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans l'hypertrophie vasculaire : rôle des ions calcium dans la transmission du signal mitogénique dans les cellules musculaires lisses." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T038.
Full textRuiz, Matthieu. "Rôle de PGC-1α dans le système cardiovasculaire : Recherche d'activateurs cœur-spécifiques et étude de ses mécnismes de régulation dans le muscle lisse aortique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834420.
Full textChataigneau, Thierry. "Caractérisation d'une conductance chlorure activée par le calcium dans les cellules musculaires lisses de l'aorte de rat : régulation par la voie du monoxyde d'azote (NO) et implication dans le contrôle du tonus vasculaire." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2321.
Full textLarrieu, Daniel. "Etude de la différenciation des cellules musculaires lisses in vitro : rôle du facteur de transcription NFAT2 et de l'organisation tridimensionnelle de la fibre élastique." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21151.
Full textSmooth muscle cells (SMC) are capable of modulating their phenotype. This phenotypic modulation, associated with proliferation and migration properties, is implicated in physiopathological processes like arteriosclerosis and hypertension. Factors wich induce these phenotypic variations are poorly known. In this manuscript, I have explored, the study, in vitro, of the NFAT2 transcription factor role in SMC differentiation process. SMC differentiation state have been followed with the help of a differentiation marker, sm-MHC, and a dedifferentiation marker, 2P1A2. I emphasized that NFAT2 nuclear translocation is essential to the maintain and the acquisition of differentiated SMC state. Moreover, I showed that 2P1A2, recognized a membrane conformation epitope of the non-muscle myosin II A which have a distribution near the nucleus and oriented towards pseudopode in dedifferentiated SMC. SMC differentiation state is function of elastic fibre. Elastic fibres is one of major components of the arterial wall. Amine oxydases like lysil oxidase are important in the formation of elastic scaffold. We emphasized a relation between the decrease of an other amine oxydase, the semi-carbazide sensitive amine oxydase (SSAO), the decrease of elastic lamellar thickness and the dedifferentiation of SMC in the apparition of human aortic anevrysm
Ke, Xuedan. "Effet de l'homocystéine sur le phénotype des cellules musculaires lisses artérielles : effet direct ou dysfonction endothéliale ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22952/document.
Full textPhenotype switching of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) from a contractile phenotype through a synthetic phenotype in response to pathogenic stimuli is involved in the development of arteriosclerosis. It is well established that homocysteine (HCY) induces arteriosclerosis in elastic arteries. This pathologic arterial remodelling is characterized by the accumulation of SMC showing synthetic phenotype associated with an endothelial dysfunction. However, the effects of HCY on SMC phenotype are unclear. Since endothelial cells play a key role in the regulation of SMC phenotype, the goal of our study is to determine whether HCY modulates the SMC phenotype through a direct effect or through the induction of an endothelial dysfunction. We found that pathologic concentrations of HCY increase the proliferation of human arterial umbilical SMC in culture and increase their proteolytic potential through a reactive oxygen species dependant mechanism. We also found that HCY has not effect on the expression of type I and III collagen and fibronectin, as well as contractile proteins (SM a-actine, calponine hl, SMMHC et smootheline B). Using pre-conditionned or not pre-conditionned SMC by conditionned culture medium (MC) from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), we found that MC from HUVEC stimulated with 100µM of HCY prevent the inhibition of proliferation induced HUVEC and did not altered the expression of type I and III collagen and fibronectin, as well as contractile proteins. Our results suggest that HCY can directly modulate the SMC phenotype towards a synthetic phenotype. Although HCY as been previously shown to induce an endothelial dysfunction, this latter does not seem to be involve in the modulation of SMC phenotype associated with hyper homocysteinemia
Déléris, Paul. "Etude du métabolisme intranucléaire du phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate dans les cellules musculaires lisses d'aorte du porc." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30139.
Full textRuiz, Matthieu. "Rôle de PGC-1α dans le système cardiovasculaire : recherche d’activateurs cœur-spécifiques et étude de ses mécanismes de régulation dans le muscle lisse aortique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114830/document.
Full textHeart failure (HF) is still the major cause of morbimortality in industrialized countries that justify the research of new treatments. Characterized in part by metabolic disorders including mitochondrial dysfunction, energetic metabolism appears as an essential component in HF development. These last years, PGC-1α has been proposed as a central actor of mitochondrial function control and thus as a therapeutic target of interest.The development of a cellular robotized assay in cardiac-like differentiated H9c2 cells allowed identification of three families: steroid hormones, B vitamins and fatty acids, able to induce the expression of PGC-1α and thus up-regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial respiration. The validation of these effects in adult rat cardiomyocytes lets in the one hand to validate the suitability of the assay and in the other hand to confirm that PGC-1α induction leads to mitochondrial biogenesis activation. Consequently, this assay constitutes a major asset to find new activators of PGC-1α to better understand its regulation in heart and provides interesting perspectives for the research of therapeutic pharmacologic compounds.Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis in response to hypertension in vascular smooth muscle remain unclear. In this context, the second part of this work was to identify how mitochondrial biogenesis is modulated in arterial hypertension. Using an experimental model of hypertension and after validation in cultivated smooth muscle cells, we show a mitochondrial biogenesis induction in response to hypertension in relation with an increase in oxidative stress. Moreover, this induction is associated with a significant increase in CaMKII activity which was totally blocked by an antioxidant: resveratrol. These results suggest a regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by oxidative stress via a CaMKII mechanism in vascular smooth muscle
Belmokhtar, Karim. "Rôle de BMP2 sur la différenciation vasculaire des cellules souches mésenchymateuses issues de la moëlle osseuse." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR3312.
Full textWe determined the capacity to regenerate vascular tissue in vivo, of MSC treated with BMP2 at a dose of [100 ng.mL-1] in a rat model. We have reported that a prosthesis coated with CSM treated 1 week with BMP2 and implanted in rats 14 days allowed the reconstruction of the three tunics of the wall that mimic the structure of the aorta. The proangiogenic capacity of MSCs was increased by BMP2 through the intracellular pathways involving hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) via JAK / STAT. We have shown that MSCs migrated under the influence of BMP2 by stimulating the activity of the enzyme complex NADPH oxidase via the increased expression of PAK1 protein, Vav2 and RAC1 GTPase/PI3K. This work confirmed the interest of the use of MSC in conjunction with rh-BMP2, a protein involved in vascular embryogenesis for bioengineering for vascular regeneration
Vromman, Amélie. "Etude des voies de signalisation impliquées dans les réponses physiopathologiques des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires au cours de l'angiopathie amyloïde cérébrale et de la re-sténose post-angioplastie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066481.
Full textCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is defined by amyloid deposits within cerebral vasculature associated with vascular damages and cognitive impairment. As inflammation is a deleterious event during CAA, I explored the inflammatory effect in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of the amyloid peptide which is mainly accumulated in arterial wall, the peptide A1-40. This study evidenced that A1-40 does not directly induce inflammatory response of VSMC but sensitizes these cells to pro-inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, this sensitization results from a pre-activation of PI3K/Akt and NF-B pathways, insufficient alone to induce inflammatory response.In the second part of my thesis, I studied the molecular mechanisms involved in VSMC migration occurring in post-angioplasty restenosis. When atherosclerosis leads to arterial stenosis, angioplasty is the surgery practiced to restore blood flow. However, during the 6 month post-surgery, 10 to 20% of patients display post-angioplasty restenosis. One of the main components of this event is the migration of VSMC from the wall to arterial lumen. In this context, I demonstrated that the severity of rat post-angioplasty restenosis is dependent to the level of adenylyl cyclase 8 (AC8) expression. In this study, we have also shown that AC8 expression promotes VSMC migration and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation through Epac2/Rap1 and PI3K/Akt pathways
Oliveira, Silva Cristina de. "Diabète de type II et expression des protéines CD36, NF-kB et PPARγ dans les cellules musculaires lisses aortiques : modulation par les produits avancés de glycation et par l'insuline." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON1T009.
Full textFilip, Anna. "La semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxydase : son rôle dans la différenciation cellulaire des chondrocytes et des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires et son implication dans des pathologies articulaires et cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0244/document.
Full textThe semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary amines into aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. The SSAO was implicated in cellular differentiation, inflammation and transmigration of leukocyte through the lymphatic. The objectives of this work were to study the role of SSAO (i) in chondrocyte differentiation and in the development of osteoarthritis using rat chondrocyte primary cell culture and osteroarthritic samples from patients. (ii) in the development of atherosclerosis using ApoE-/- mice, which develop naturally atherosclerosis, invalidated for the SSAO gene. Concerning the articulation, the SSAO (expression and activity) was detected in the rat and human cartilage. In vitro, SSAO increases during chondrocyte terminal differentiation (hypertrophy) and the inhibition of its activity by LJP1586, decreases the level of differentiation. In human arthritic cartilage, SSAO was higher that in healthy cartilage, in association with an increase in hypertrophic markers. The SSAO plays a role in the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes and might be involved in the development of osteoarthritis. At the vascular level, 25 week-old female ApoE-/-SSAO-/- mice presented a 50% increase in plaque surface associated with an 80% decrease in α-actin expression in the media of aortic sinus and a decrease in sm-MCH in abdominal aortas (AA) compared to ApoE-/- mice. These results were not due neither to a modification of monocytes/ macrophages, Tcell infiltration in the plaque nor in a pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine change in spleen. In 15 week-old ApoE-/-SSAO-/- mice, even if no modification of plaque surface was found, a decrease in sm-MHC was noticed in the AA from ApoE-/-SSAO-/- compare to ApoE-/- mice. More over, the immune cell trafficking was increased in the aortic wall of ApoE-/-SSAO-/- compared to ApoE-/- mice. Thus, SSAO is involved in the early development of atherosclerosis in changing the immune cell trafficking and the VSMC phenotype