Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules hépatiques – Croissance – Régulation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cellules hépatiques – Croissance – Régulation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Paquereau, Laurent. "Régulation transcriptionnelle d'une famille multigénique hépatique codant pour des inhibiteurs de protéases à sérine : mécanismes moléculaires." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20169.
Full textGuirouilh-Barbat, Josée. "Expression de l'hepatocyte growth factor dans les carcinomes hépatocellulaires humains, régulation de sa sécrétion par les myofibroblastes hépatiques humains et utilisation thérapeutique dans le cadre de la cirrhose." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28750.
Full textTsaconas, Christos. "Croissance de cellules épithéliales de foie de rat, cellules primaires et lignées, dans des milieux dépourvus de sérum : effecteurs endogènes et activités fonctionnelles." Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS020.
Full textBaribault, Hélène. "Régulation hormonale de la prolifération, de la maturation et de l'expression des cytokératines des cultures d'hépatocytes en voie de différenciation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33558.
Full textMontréal Trigonix inc. 2018
Kaulek, Vincent. "Caractérisation et prévention du rejet allogénique d'hépatocytes : élaboration d'une stratégie immunomodulatrice." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA0022.
Full textBordeleau, François. "Implication des kératines 8/18 dans la modulation de l'activité mécanique des cellules hépatiques initiée aux points focaux d'adhérence." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23624.
Full textL'activité mécanique des cellules générée par l'interaction entre la matrice extracellulaire (MEC) et le cytosquelette d'actine est essentielle pour la régulation de l'adhésion, de l'étalement et de la migration des cellules lors du développement normal ou tumoral. La stimulation mécanique des cellules découle majoritairement des forces externes appliquées par la MEC ou bien des forces internes générées par la contraction de l'actomyosine. Ces stimuli mécaniques convergent aux intégrines situées aux points focaux d'adhérence (FA) reliant la MEC à l'actine fibrillaire. La formation des FA requiert des molécules adaptatrices pour l'actine, telle que la vinculine, ainsi que des molécules de signalisation, comme la FAK (« focal adhesion kinase ») ou les PKC (« protein kinase C »). Les filaments intermédiaires (FI) de kératines 8/18 (K8/K18) sont exprimés dans l'ensemble de l'épithélium simple, mais constituent les seuls FI présents dans les hépatocytes et les hépatomes. Bien que plusieurs évidences suggèrent une participation des FI K8/K18 dans la régulation de l'activité mécanique des cellules, le mécanisme exact demeure énigmatique. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse examinent les mécanismes impliqués dans la modulation de l'activité mécanique des cellules par les FI K8/K18. Par une approche s'appuyant sur l'utilisation d'une pince optique et de substrats de rigidité variable, les résultats montrent que les FI K8/K18 contribuent à la rigidité cellulaire et aux mécanismes mécanosenseurs, en raison d'une modulation de la signalisation RhoA-ROCK responsable de la dynamique de l'actine fibrillaire, plutôt que de leurs propriétés viscoélastiques. Par ailleurs, la PKCô est identifiée comme un médiateur de la modulation de l'étalement et de la migration associée aux FI K8/K18 chez les hépatomes, via une boucle de rétroaction positive affectant la FAK et l'intégrine aux FA. En fait, ces éléments corrèlent avec l'assemblage d'un complexe formé de RACK1 « Receptor of Activated C Kinase 1», pi-intégrine, plectine, PKC et c-Src. À noter que les mécanismes dépendant de RhoA et PKC sont mutuellement impliqués dans la modulation de la migration et de la rigidité des cellules associées aux FI K8/K18. Dans leur ensemble, les résultats démontrent une implication incontestable des FI K8/K18 dans la modulation de l'homéostasie mécanique des cellules de l'épithélium simple.
Montaudouin, Caroline. "Mécanisme de régulation des cellules B activées sécrétives d'IgM." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066217.
Full textBessard, Anne. "Mécanismes moléculaires de la cascade de signalisation des MAPKinases contrôlant la motilité et la prolifération des cellules hépatiques normales et transformées." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S035.
Full textGuéraud, Françoise. "Etude de l'influence de l'hormone de croissance sur les activités hépatiques de glucuronoconjugaison chez le rat." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30129.
Full textFaradji, Floria. "Rôle de cycline G de Drosophila melanogaster dans la régulation de la croissance et du cycle cellulaires." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066416.
Full textKourimate, Sanae. "Pcsk9 : régulation et implication dans le syndrome métabolique." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=4ac185ba-f999-45ff-9241-4278a9699b5c.
Full textProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a member of the serine protease family. Gain of function mutations within PCSK9 are associated with dominant forms of familial hypercholesterolemia. Inversely, humans harbouring loss of function mutations have a significant plasma LDLc reduction and a 88% decrease of the risk of coronary heart disease. In the endoplasmic reticulum Pro-PCSK9 undergoes an autocalytique clivage that is crucial for its secretion. Then, this secreted protein binds to the EGF-A domain of the LDLR and targets it to the lysosomes rather than to the cell surface. Both PCSK9 and the LDLR are up-regulated by statins via SREBP2. Using PCSK9 inhibitors may optimize the effects of this hypocholesterolemic drug. The first aim of my thesis was to investigate in vitro the mechanisms of PCSK9 repression by the fibrates which are PPARα synthetic agonists. Activation of PPARα down-regulates PCSK9 transcription at the promoter level and increase the expression of two others Proprotein convertases: furin and PC5/6A which are known to degrade PCSK9. Fibrates counteracts PCSK9 induction by statins and amplifies the effects of this hypocholesterolemic drugs on the LDLR acitivity. The second part of my studies was based on measuring the endogenous cleavage activity of PCSK9, using a fluorogenic peptide corresponding to the cleavage site of Pro-PCSK9. After validation of the specificity of this assay on mice primary hepatocytes from PCSK9-/-, I applied it to the test of several PCSK9 variants. The final part of my studies dealt about the characterisation of PCSK9 expression in diabetic and insulin resistant animal models. PCSK9 is an attractive therapeutic target for lowering plasma LDLc levels. This study clearly showed that PCSK9 transcriptional inhibition by fibrates might be envisaged in combination with statins. However, in vivo, in humans, the fibrates are rather known for their hypotriglyceridemic properties. The limited effect of fibrates on lowering LDLc might be explained by a counteracting pathway. Identifying this pathway is one of the promising perspectives of this thesis
Ollivier, Hélène. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de régulation du volume des hépatocytes isolés de turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) en condition hypo-osmotique : principaux effecteurs et voies de signalisation intracellulaire." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES0002.
Full textWhen turbot hepatocytes are exposed to a reduction of extracellular osmolality, they swell by about 20 % within first minutes after the hyposmotic shock. Cells subsequently undergo a RVD (Regulatory Volume Decrease) process to recover their original volume. This volume regulation process require coordinated mechanisms to sense volume perturbations, amplify and transduce the signal to the RVD effectors. Cell volume is regulated by the loss of K+ and Cl- with osmotically obligated water by activation of separate K+ and Cl- channels as well as K+/Cl- co-transporter and Cl/HCO3- exchanger. Signaling pathways involve many kinases ( PTK, PI3K, PKC, p38MAPK). . . ), phospholipases A2, C and D, arachinodic acid and eicosanoids and calcium, whose concentration strongly increases after hyposmotic stimulation. Cytoskeletal proteins also contribute to RVD process. Moreover, ATP released in extracellular medium by action of a CFTR-type channel or exocytosis is an important second messenger which acts as an auto/paracrine factor via purinergic receptors activation. The aim of this study was to determine the main cellular events linked to turbot hepatocytes RVD process and to attempt to replace them in the context of a complex and integrative response
Yacoub, Chakib M. "Étude de la régulation du métabolisme hépatique chez les Ruminants : utilisation du modèle "hépatocytes isolés"." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20045.
Full textEl, Boustany Charbel. "Rôle des canaux calciques de la membrane plasmique dans la prolifération des cellules tumorales hépatiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10038/document.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary liver tumor. Tumoral cell proliferation depends on calcium influx which molecular basis in human liver is formed of TRPC6, STIM1 and 2, and Orai1. We have investigated whether tumors' development in human livers was accompanied by a change in the pattern of expression of these proteins. We have shown that TRPC6 channel is absent in healthy human hepatocytes but strongly expressed in human liver tumors, and TRPC6 expression is only detectable in the tumor zones. TRPC6 expression level depends on growth factors, and this expression is directly correlated with the amplitude of the calcium entry and cell proliferation of human hepatoma cell line. STIM1 and Orai1 also play a major role in this process and inhibition of the expression of TRPC6, STIM1 or Orai1 causes a decrease in cyclin D1 expression in human hepatoma cell line. Conversely, cell cycle block results in a large decrease in calcium influx that quickly reversed in less than 4 hours after cell cycle release. Primary cultures of human hepatocytes allowed us to confirm these results, emphasizing the tight relation between calcium influx and cell proliferation. Our recent data strongly suggested that the molecular basis of this calcium entry varies from one cell type to another, with Orai1 as the core of this plasma membrane complex. In conclusion, this thesis has expanded the knowledge about the actors of calcium entry and their role in the proliferation of both liver cells and liver cancer development
Glei͏̈zes, Chantal. "Induction des cytochromes P450 1A1 et 1A2 par l'oxfendazole. Régulation comparée de leur expression chez le lapin et en culture primaire d'hépatocytes." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30054.
Full textLanghi, Cédric. "Implication de PCSK9 dans les maladies métaboliques : régulation par les acides biliaires et rôle fonctionnel dans le pancréas." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=8ce2a36e-ee33-47ea-b8e8-fc89d736a8f4.
Full textPCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9) is the 3rd gene implicated in autosomic familial hypercholesterolemia with the LDL Receptor (LDLR) gene and its ligand apo-B. PCSK9 acts as a post-transcriptional inhibitor of hepatic LDLR expression. Gain of function mutations of PCSK9 are associated with hypercholesterolemia. By contrast, loss of function mutations of PCSK9 induce hypocholesterolemia and a protection against cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, development of PCSK9 inhibitors is a promising therapeutical approach to treat hypercholesterolemia. In this context, the 1st part of my thesis consisted of studying transcriptional regulation of PCSK9 by bile acids and the nuclear receptor FXR (Farnesoid X Receptor). FXR regulates many genes involved in lipid metabolism, and FXR activation may have beneficial effects in metabolic diseases. My results in human hepatocytes cell lines show that FXR activation represses PCSK9 expression. Such PCSK9 repression is correlated with the induction of LDLR activity in vitro. These findings suggest that FXR agonists may be used in combination with statins to amplify their hypocholestrolemic action in hyperlipidemic patients. It is now admitted that cholesterol metabolism modulates insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells and might interfere with the development of type 2 diabetes. The 2nd part of my thesis focussed on the role of PCSK9 in the β cells function. Using isolated pancreatic islets from humans and mice, I show that PCSK9 is expressed in delta cells of islets of Langehrans. PCSK9 is able to downregulate LDLR expression in the whole islet, probably acting in an endocrine manner. However, PCSK9-deficiency does not alter glucose homeostasis ex vivo and in vivo in mice, as well as β cell survival upon streptozotocin treatment
Ferrini, Jean-Bernard. "Caractérisation de l'expression des facteurs C/EBPs et rôle des régulateurs du cycle cellulaire au cours de la différenciation hépatique dans un modèle d'hépatocytes humains en culture primaire." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20202.
Full textFremin, Christophe. "Spécificités fonctionnelles des MAP kinases ERK1 et ERK2 dans la prolifération / différenciation / motilité / survie des cellules hépatiques normales et transformées." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S102.
Full textThe liver is an essential organ, as certified by its incredible ability of regeneration. Following a loss of hepatic mass, the highly differentiated cells of the liver, the hepatocytes, leave their quiescence and proliferate in order to restore this loss. Many factors participate in this process, by allowing the activation of various signalling pathways. The MAPKs MEK/ERK cascade constitutes one of them. Our objective is to progress in the understanding of mechanisms controlled by the MEK/ERK pathway in the process of regeneration. This work precisely focused on the study of kinases ERK1 and ERK2, which could control specific functions in the healthy hepatocytes and hepatic cancerous cells, in which the pathway is often deregulated. The identification of mechanisms regulating the proliferation of hepatic cancer cells represents a major goal in the development of anti-tumoral treatments
Mathew, Jasmin. "Keratin 8/18 regulation of hepatic cell death and metabolism." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26554/26554.pdf.
Full textViard, Isabelle. "Régulation par les hormones et les facteurs de croissance des fonctions spécifiques des cellules surrénaliennes." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T208.
Full textPhung-Koskas, Thu. "Microtubules stables et microtubules dynamiques dans les cellules hépatiques : aspects structuraux et implications dans la voie de signalisation de l'hormone de croissance." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA114825.
Full textDaujat-Chavanieu, Martine. "Induction et régulation de l'expression des cytochromes P450 IA1, IA2 et IIIA dans des cultures primaires d'hépatocytes de lapin et humains." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20255.
Full textCrowell, Elizabeth. "Dynamique et régulation des protéines impliquées dans la synthèse de cellulose chez arabidopsis thaliana." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112270.
Full textPlant development and architecture result from anisotropic cell expansion. Cell wall yielding controls cell shape and expansion, and is modulated in part by the oriented deposition of cellulose microfibrils around the cell. Cellulose is synthesized by motile cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) in the plasma membrane, whose movement is directed by cortical microtubules through an unknown mechanism. In higher plants, the KORRIGAN1 (KOR1) membrane-bound endo--1,4-glucanase is also required for cellulose synthesis. Using cell biology and biochemical approaches, we have demonstrated that three different CESA isoforms are required for primary cell wall cellulose synthesis. We find that CSC delivery to the plasma membrane is regulated by pauses of the Golgi apparatus along cortical microtubules. Our results illustrate that cortical microtubules not only guide the trajectories of CSCs in the plasma membrane, but also regulate their secretion and internalization. We have also shown that cortical microtubules mediate global reorientation of CSC trajectories during growth, and provide evidence that the cell wall on the inner epidermal face drives anisotropic cell expansion of the hypocotyl in Arabidopsis. Together, our data support the hypothesis that CSCs physically interact with cortical microtubules or a microtubule-associated factor, yielding insight into the mechanism by which cortical microtubules may direct CSC trajectories. We have also conducted parallel studies of the dynamics and localization of the KOR1 endo--1,4-glucanase, and find that it associates with the CSC through specific interactions with primary CESAs. In conclusion, our research has shed light on the complex interactions between CESA isoforms, KOR1, and the cytoskeleton, offering a more comprehensive model for the regulation of cellulose synthesis and deposition
Coulouarn, Cédric. "Développement d'un réseau d'ADNc dédié à l'analyse du transcriptome hépatique humain : application à l'étude de la réponse du foie au cours d'évènements physiologiques et pathologiques." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES002.
Full textWe have aimed at an extensive coverage of the liver transcriptome and we developed a dedicated Liverpool array of 10000 non-repondant cDNA probes and a LiverTools database. Inflammation-induced transcriptome changes were first studied in vivo. We identified a wealth of genes whose hepatic expression statistically correlates with the extent of inflammation. Some of the cognate proteins are secreted and may provide novel markers of clinical relevance. Next, time-course analysis of the hepatic transcriptome were performed in cytokine-challenged hepatoma cells. Transcriptional gene activity, mRNA stability and translational state, were also studied in vitro and allowed us to determine the respective contributions of these regulatory mechanisms. Another study dealt with a genome-wide comparison of gene regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and fetal liver (FL). Altered gene expression in HCC and FL mostly resulted in down-regulated mRNAs coding for a limited number of functions
Biron-Andréani, Christine. "Modulation de la réponse hémostatique : régulation de la synthèse et mécanismes inhibiteurs." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T024.
Full textTomkiewicz, Céline. "Régulation de l'expression des gènes des transaminases par les médicaments et les médiateurs de l' inflammation." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P630.
Full textViel, Sébastien. "Régulation des cellules NK par le TGF-β." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1010/document.
Full textNK cells are innate lymphocytes involved in the recognition and elimination of tumor or infected cells. The biology of NK cells is regulated by intrinsic factors such as transcription factors but also by cytokines produced at steady state or under inflammatory conditions. Some of these cytokines like IL-15, IL-12 or IL-18 are known to increase NK cells functions. IL-15 allows NK cell survival via STAT5 and, via mTOR, increase NK cell proliferation, metabolism and acquisition of functions. In the other hand, cytokines like TGF-ß are known to inhibit NK cell function. TGF-ß1 is a major immunosuppressive cytokine, often secreted by tumor cells and participates to tumor escape. The inhibitory effects of TGF-ß in vitro on IL-2/15 mediated NK cell activation have long been shown, but the mechanism remains unknown. The objective of this work was to characterize the effects of TGF-ß at a molecular level. We have observed that TGF-ß induces a rapid blockade of IL-15 induced mTOR activation, in vitro. TGF-ß and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin have similar effects. Finally, using genetic mouse models in vivo, constitutive TGF-ß signaling or mTOR deletion results in similar developmental arrests in NK cells
Joulia, Dominique. "Caractérisation de l'influence de myostatine sur la régulation de la prolifération et de la différenciation des myoblastes." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20179.
Full textLarribere, Lionel. "Étude de mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la régulation de la survie et de l'apoptose des cellules mélanocytaires." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4000.
Full textMelanoma, which is the most aggresive form of skin cancer, is becoming a main problem of public health. This tumor appears young individuals and its incidence doubled in thirty years. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms leading to melanocyte transformation into a melanoma, and notably to understand the process inducing alteration of apoptotic pathways and a strong chemoresistance. In the course of my PhD, I studied molecular mechanisms that are implied in the regulation of the survival and the death of melanocytes and melanoma cells. I showed that SCF (Stem Cell Factor), a melanocyte growth factor protects cells form Trail or staurosporine-induced apoptosis. SCF activates both Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways that are frequently mutated and constitutively activated in melanoma. However, I observed that SCF mediated apoptosis protection acts mainly via PI3K/AKT pathway and that activation of this pathway alone is sufficient to block apoptosis. Moreover, the key role of PI3K/AKT pathway in melanocyte transformation has recently been underlined in a study showing that active PI3K, contrary to active Ras, is able to induce an invasive melanocytic neoplasia. Thus, in the skin, SCF deregulation could prevent melanocyte apoptosis and favour their survival and their transformation via PI3K/AKT pathway. Deepening of this study allowed me to observe a reduction of MITF (MIcrophthalmia-associated Transcription Factor) expression, which is a melanocyte specific transcription factor, during Trail-induced apoptosis. I demonstrated that loss of MITF expression is the consequence of caspase cleavage generating a large N-terminus fragment and a short C-terminus fragment. Physiological role of the processing could be to amplify apoptotic signal. Indeed, uncleavable mutant of MITF renders melanoma cells resistant to apotosis. Moreover, overexpression of C-terminus fragment induces apoptosis by its own. Thus, these results show the existence of a melanocyte specific and MITF dependent apoptotic mechanism and highlight the functional duality of MITF which contributes to survival, by controlling Bcl-2 expression and cellular death, by the generation of a pro-apoptotic fragment after its cleavage by caspases
Goddard, Isabelle. "Expression et régulation par le système endocrinien des récepteurs du TGFβ dans les gonades." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T151.
Full textFombonne, Joanna. "Mécanismes de régulation par l'EGF [Epidermal Growth Factor] de la dynamique des cellules adénohypophysaires somatolactotropes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20659.
Full textVery schematically, cell dynamics depends on the balance between division, differentiation and programmed cell death. We used EGF-treated pituitary somatolactotrope cell line GH4C1 as a model to study the mechanisms of the switch between different genetic programs. Indeed, EGF treatment simultaneously triggers a change of the secretion profile, a programmed cell death and an inhibition of cell division. We further found that EGF-induced cell death defines an original programmed cell death with a heterogeneous phenotype and involves new effectors such as the endonuclease L-DNase II and Alix, an endo-lysosomal protein. Concerning the EGF-mediated inhibition of cell division, we showed that Pit-1 (a pituitary transcription factor involved in pituitary terminal differentiation) exerts a transcriptionnal control of cyclin D3 expression (a key cell cycle molecule). Pit-1 thus is involved in the regulation of GH4C1 cells division
Ait, Ghezala Hayet. "La terminaison de la traduction et la régulation traductionnelle de l'activateur de la transcription ATF4 chez les mammifères." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066315.
Full textThe rate of protein synthesis is a major determinant of cell growth, proliferation through the cell cycle and cell proliferation. It is controlled by several signaling pathways involving protein kinases and phosphorylation cascades that target factors acting mainly in the initiation and elongation steps of the mRNA translation process. These signaling pathways, and in particular the protein kinase mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin), adjust the rate of protein synthesis to nutrient and energy availability and to various extracellular stimuli caused by hormones, growth factors or stress. We have shown that the depletion of the translation termination factor eRF3a in human cells induces a cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the mTOR pathway in eukaryotes. This depletion induces in parallel an increase in the expression of numerous genes, especially genes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids and genes under the control of ATF4, as REDD1 or TRIB3, known to be inhibitors of the mTOR pathway. These genes are usually expressed under stress conditions through the eIF2α pathway. We have shown that eRF3 depletion acts on the mTOR pathway through the REDD1 gene, independently of the eIF2α pathway. We have characterized a new mTOR regulation mechanism, which involves ATF4 induction
Gauchoux, Anne. "Etude de la régulation de l'activité de l'uridyltransférase par le galactose et la progestérone dans différents modèles cellulaires hépatiques en culture." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P027.
Full textPrade-Houdellier, Naïs. "Régulation de la télomérase dans les cellules hématopoïétiques normales et leucémiques." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/52/.
Full textHuman telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein DNA polymerase comprising a catalytic protein subunit, telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), which represents the rate-limiting state in telomerase activity, and a RNA template (hTR). The primary defined function of telomerase is to elongate telomere at the end of chromosomes and allow cells to bypass replicative senescence. Recently, other important cellular functions have been attributed to telomerase, including cell proliferation, genetic stability, protection against apoptosis and cell differentiation. HTERT is highly expressed in cancer cells including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and in proliferative tissues such as haematopoietic cells. Previous studies have indicated that telomerase activity is low in primitive haematopoietic cells, but increases upon stimulation with a mixture of cytokines in parallel to cell expansion, and then declines progressively during differentiation. These observations suggest a function for telomerase in haematopoiesis. The aim of our study was to assess hTERT regulation by HGF in normal and leukemic cells. In the first part of the study, we showed that in AML cells, treatment with TNF-α induces a decrease in hTERT gene transcription through a ceramide/JNK pathway, and that coincubation with GM-CSF can inhibit the effect of TNF-α. Interestingly, in normal haematopoietic progenitors, TNF-α also down-regulate hTERT gene expression alongside with a decrease in proliferation and an increase in differentiation. In the second part of the study, we investigated whether hTERT can be regulated during erythropoiesis, by erythropoietin (EPO) and TGF-β, wich are respectively the major positive and negative regulators of erythropoiesis. As a result, we demonstrated that EPO can stimulate hTERT transcription through a JAK2/STAT5/c-myc pathway, and that TGF-β counteracts this effect through Smad3 activation. Moreover, hTERT inhibition by ectopic expression of a dominant negative, reveals that EPO-mediated hTERT regulation serves neither for the proliferative response to EPO, nor to enhance cell survival, but can play a role in long term erythroid expansion. In conclusion, the compiled results produced clearly suggest that telomerase can be regulated by haematopoietic cytokines, and that all events leading to inhibition of hTERT expression may potentially alter haematopoiesis and lead to medullar insufficiency found in myelodysplastic syndromes for instance
Roux, Alexandra. "Les kératines 8/18 dans la régulation de la voie de signalisation et du trafic vésiculaire du récepteur de l'insuline chez les cellules hépatiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27983.
Full textIntermediate filaments (IFs), together with microfilaments (MFs) and microtubules (MTs), form the cytoskeleton. Unlike the few genes that code for actins and tubulins, expressed in all cells in the body, IF proteins are coded by a large number of genes, classified into 6 types, depending on the tissue and cell differentiation status. For their part, keratins are expressed in pairs in the different epithelia. In more specific terms, the keratin pair 8/18 (K8/K18) is present in all simple epithelia, with some cells containing a second pair. In contrast, the K8/K18 pair forms the only IF network found in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells, hence their usefulness as cell models for addressing functional issues. As for all other IF types, K8/K18 IFs contribute to the maintenance of liver cell integrity. In addition, the use of transgenic mice has allowed to foresee a significant role for these IFs, as partners of signaling platforms in hepatic epithelial cells. The liver exerts a key task as regulator of blood glucose level, due to its ability to store and redistribute large amount of glucose throughout the body, as required. This modulation is finely regulated by insulin via the activation of its receptor (IR) and the downstream signaling pathway. Perturbations in this regulation lead to metabolic diseases, particularly in the liver. As such, recent experimental data suggest a contribution of K8/K18 IFs in the modulation of glucose metabolism and IR/PI3K/Akt pathway. However, the interplay between the IF pair, glucose metabolism and the signaling pathway, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, remain enigmatic. The work unveiled in this thesis examines the involvement of K8/K18 IFs in the regulation of the IR signaling pathway and vesicular trafficking in liver cells. The experimental approach is based on the use of cultured hepatocytes and hepatoma cells, which may or may not contain K8/K18 IFs, in combination with the use of assorted biochemical and cell imaging assays. The results uncover a role of K8/K18 IFs in the interplay taking place between the phosphoinositide-dependent signaling (PIPs) initiated at the plasma membrane, which reflects itself into the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in response to the insulin stimulation of IR, and its endosomal trafficking via Rab5/EEA1/PI3P, in hepatocytes. In comparative terms, the results using hepatoma cells show an intervention of K8/K18 IFs in the modulation of the IR signaling and vesicular trafficking, which differs greatly from the one observed in hepatocytes. Overall, the results demonstrate an indisputable contribution of K8/K18 IFs in the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway in hepatic cells.
Van, Grunsven Leonardus Adrianus. "Régulation du cycle cellulaire dans les cellules PC12 : effet du NGF ou «Nerve Growth Factor»." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENSL0025.
Full textMaréchal, Pierre-André. "Etude de la réponse cellulaire des levures soumises à des variations contrôlées du potentiel hydrique." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOS048.
Full textBrunet, de la Grange Philippe. "Régulation de l'hématopoïèse par les basses concentrations d'oxygène : rôles de l'antigène CD34 et du facteur de croissance VEGF165." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21093.
Full textHematopoiesis, the process of mature blood production from stem cells, is in part regulated by bone marrow oxygen concentrations, which vary from 0 to 5 % (hypoxia). We studied in this work the relationships between cell intrinsic factors involved in the maturation process (CD34 antigen) and their sensitivity to hypoxia, and the effects of molecules inducible by hypoxia (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF) on hematopoiesis. We showed that cultures of CD34+ cells at 1 % O2 induce or stabilize the cd34 gene expression that decreases at 20 % O2. The prolonged maintenance of this expression associated with the long-lasting membrane expression of the protein were correlated with the primitiveness of cells. We also showed that VEGF165 led to the survival of murine stem cells cultured at 1 % O2. This work suggests that hypoxia slows down the differentiation of stem cells by inducing cd34 gene expression, and favours their survival through VEGF165
Le, Pabic Hélène. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation de la protéine ADAM12 dans le cancer du foie ; régulation de son expression." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10139.
Full textDrocourt, Lionel. "Régulation de l'expression des cytochromes P450 des sous-familles 2B, 2C et 3A dans l'hépatocyte humain : rôles physiologiques et pharmacologiques des récepteurs nucléaires GR, PXR, et VDR." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20203.
Full textMathieu, Marc. "Le récepteur mannose 6-phosphate/IGF-II dans les cellules mammaires : interactions avec la cathepsine D et l'IGF-II et régulation hormonale." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20310.
Full textSordoillet, Catherine. "Régulation de la fonction stéroïdogène des cellules de Leydig porcines en culture : actions et sites d'action de facteurs de croissance." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10118.
Full textParé, Émanuel. "Étude du rôle de PIN1 dans la régulation de la signalisation NOTCH et la croissance des cellules pancréatiques tumorales humaines." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8829.
Full textJoannard, Florence. "Implication de protéines kinases et phosphatases dans la régulation de l'expression de cytochromes P-450 2B par le phénobarbital et l'interleukine-1béta dans les hépatocytes de rat en culture primaire." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10082.
Full textBompard, Guillaume. "La protéine tyrosine phosphatase PTPL1 : localisation et rôles dans le contrôle de la croissance cellulaire et de l'apoptose." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20124.
Full textBesset, Valérie. "Expression et régulation du système IGF par le TGFβ1 et le TNFα dans les cellules somatiques testiculaires." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T901.
Full textYazidi, Ikram El. "Expression et régulation des facteurs de croissance FGF1 et FGF2 dans les cellules épithéliales normales et cancereuses du sein." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10024.
Full textLeblay, Julie. "Expression des ARN méssagers cycline A et C-MYC dans deux conditions de prolifération cellulaire hépatique normale chez le rat : hépatectomie partielle et administration d'éthinylestradiol." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P136.
Full textHasseine, Larbi Kamal. "Régulation de la signalisation et de l'action de l'insuline par la protéine adaptatrice Hrs et par les microARN ciblant Fox01." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4081.
Full textDue to its epidemic development, diabetes has become a threat to global public health. In 2005, the World Health Organization estimated the number of diabetics in the world to be over 180 millions and expects that this number will double by the year 2030. This metabolic disease is characterized by a chronic state of hyperglycemia, which is thought to be responsible for microvascular complications affecting kidneys, eyes and nerves. Over the years, most diabetic patients develop some microvascular complications including diabetic retinopathy, which is the leading cause of blindness of adults in the western world. The level of VEGF expression (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), a mitogenic and a angiogenic factor, is increased in the eyes of diabetic patients. Insulin and IGF-1 are also thought to be implicated in abnormal vassal growth. The action of insulin and VEGF is mediated by their respective specific receptors, IR and VEGF-R2. One of the major mechanisms used by cells to attenuate activation by growth factors is endocytosis and degradation of receptors. In the first part of my PhD work, I have been interested in the role of the adapter protein Hrs (Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate) in the mechanism driving internalization and degradation of IR and VEGF-R2. We have shown that ectopic Hrs expression increases VEGF-R2 and IR number and tyrosine phosphorylation, leading to amplification of their downstream signaling. The UIM (Ubiquitin Interacting Motif) domain of Hrs is required for Hrs-induced increases in VEGF-R2, but not in IR. In addition, Hrs is tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to VEGF and insulin. We show that the UIM domain is required for Hrs phosphorylation in response to VEGF, but not to insulin. Importantly, Hrs co-localizes with both VEGF-R2 and IR, and co-immunoprecipitates with both in a manner independent of the Hrs-UIM domain. Finally, we demonstrate that Hrs inhibits Nedd4-mediated VEGF-R2 degradation and acts additively with Grb10. We conclude that Hrs is a positive regulator of VEGF-R2 and IR signaling, and that ectopic Hrs expression protects both VEGF-R2 and IR from degradation. In the second part of my PhD work, I have been interested in the regulation of the transcription factor FoxO1 by microRNAs. FoxO1 is a master regulator of insulin signaling, and plays a central role in metabolic adaptation to fasting. With its homologues, FoxO1 is involved in a wide range of events, including apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair and cell differentiation. The regulation of FoxO transcription factors is due to a complex series of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation. We were interested to see whether FoxO1 could be regulated at the post-transcriptional level by microRNAs. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs (19 to 24 nucleotides) characterized by a spatial-temporal expression and a tissue-specific distribution, heralding important biological functions in apoptosis, development, lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation and pancreatic β cell physiology. Recent data have shown that these microRNAs could be involved in pathological conditions such as cancer. We found, in immortalized neonatal mouse hepatocytes, that miR139 regulates FoxO1 protein levels without affecting its mRNA expression. This effect requires a direct interaction between miR-139 and the 3’UTR of FoxO1 mRNA. The decrease in FoxO1 protein results in a decrease in FoxO1-mediated regulation of target genes, such as AdQR1, AdQR2 and Mttp, and in insulin-stimulated PKB phosphorylation on Ser473. Moreover, we found, in these cultured neonatal hepatocytes, that mature miR-139 is negatively regulated by insulin, but positively by both glucose and glucagon. Importantly, this regulation was also observed in vivo in the liver of mice injected with insulin, glucagon and glucose. Finally, we found that a high fat diet and fasting do not appear to regulate the expression of miR-139. Our findings suggest a new mode of FoxO1 regulation by which miR-139 maintains the protein level of FoxO1 to preserve homeostatic regulation of its transcriptional activity in response to environmental stimuli
Prud'Homme, Nicolas. "L'absence des kératines 8/18 augmente la résistance des cellules hépatocytaires au stress oxydant par une modulation de l'association de l'hexokinase à la mitochondrie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29649/29649.pdf.
Full text