Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules mononuclées'
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Vaillant, Pierre. "Régulation par les phagocytes mononuclées de l'accumulation des cellules mésenchymateuses au cours de la fibrogenèse pulmonaire." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10433.
Full textJoseph-Pietras, Débora. "Etude in vitro et in vivo des relations entre cellules présentatrices d'antigènes (CPA) et cellules de mélanome résistant dans un système murin. Recherche de stratègies d'immunothérapie cellulaire utilisant les CPA pour induire et renforcer l'action anti-tumorale du système immunitaire." Reims, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REIMS018.
Full textTo develop a strategy against melanoma, we used murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) against doxorubicin-resistant b16 murine melanoma cells. Pbmcs exhibited an anti-tumor effect in vitro but did not induce the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Although lysate-pulsed pbmcs induced a weak slowing down of tumor growth, mice survival was not modified. We showed that intra-tumoral (i. T. ) injections with unstimulated dcs slowed down tumor development, but did not increase survival of animals. Dcs pulsed with cytostatic tumor cells induced tumor regression when injected close to the tumor, and increased survival time in mice compared to untreated mice. When injected far from the tumor, their efficacy was reduced, but remains superior to unstimulated dcs. We observed that spleen cells of mice treated with pulsed dcs from tumor cells injection exerted a cytolytic activity against b16r cells upper than the control mice. Furthermore, an efficient and long-lasting protection of mice against b16r cells can be induced by preventive injections with pulsed dcs. These results show the relevant role of dcs in a specific anti-tumor immunity establishment. Consequently, dcs pulsed with cytostatic tumor cells could be used in addition to other treatments and improve their clinical outcomes
Beaudreuil, Johann. "Etude de l'expression des isoformes du récepteur humain de la calcitonine à partir des cellules mononuclées sanguines et dans la lignée cellulaire T47D." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077201.
Full textDussault, Patrick. "Production basale et stimulée des endothélines chez les éosinophiles et les cellules mononuclées du sang humain, sujets normaux versus asthmatiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ43825.pdf.
Full textNarni-Mancinelli, Émilie. "Étude des mécanismes effecteurs des lymphocytes T CD8+ mémoires nécessaires à l'élimination de la bactérie intracellulaire Listeria monocytogènes chez la souris." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4029.
Full textMemory CD8 T cells (TMCD8) represent the major effector arm of the adaptive immunity by providing protective immunity against intracellular pathogens. Upon antigen-driven reactivation, TMCD8 differentiate into cytolytic, IFN-/TNF- secreting effector cells allowing for the control of the growth and the clearance of intracellular pathogens. Mice infected with a sublethal dose of the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) develop TMCD8 which mediate protective responses against reinfection with a lethal dose of bacteria. However, neither expression of cytolytic nor IFN-/TNF--secreting activities is absolutely required for Lm clearance during a secondary infection. As an in vivo original approach, we analyzed the TMCD8 response in mice immunized with Lm mutants that do not induce protection. Using this system, we showed that CCL3 derived from reactivated TMCD8 is required for efficient killing of Lm. CCL3 induces a rapid TNF- secretion by inflammatory mononuclear phagocytics cells (MPC), which further promotes the generation of an oxidative burst by both themselves and neutrophils Oxidative burst is the final bactericidal mechanism involved in Lm clearance. These results uncover two levels of regulation of the protective response: (i) an antigen-dependent phase in which TMCD8 are reactivated and activate the innate immunity, and (ii) an antigen-independent phase in which the MPCs coordinate innate immunity and promote bactericidal effector activities. In this context, CCL3-secreting TMCD8 are able to mediate bystander killing of an unrelated pathogen upon antigen-specific reactivation, a mechanism that may be important for the design of therapeutic vaccines
Potiron, Laurent. "Rôle des phagocytes mononuclées dans la réponse immunitaire innée contre cryptosporidium parvum." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR3809.
Full textNewborns (children, ruminants) are particularly susceptible to intestinal infection by the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum because their immune system is still developing. To date, parasite control methods are limited. There is no vaccine and the only molecule which possess a marketing authorization for calves, Halocur ™, presents toxicity at 2 times the therapeutic dose. The development of new immunoprophylactic methods requires better understanding of the immune mechanisms occurring during infection. Innate immunity plays a major role in controlling the acute phase of infection and we previously demonstrated in the laboratory that intestinal mononuclear phagocytes CD11c+ are key players in the protection process. In this thesis, we confirmed the role of dendritic cells (DC) CD103+ using mice BatF3-/- in which the development of the two DC subsets CD103+CD11b+ and CD103+CD11b- is altered in the intestine making these animals more susceptible to infection. This high susceptibility can be partially mitigated by preventive administration of IL-12 to Batf3-/- neonatal mice. Batf3-/- adult mice which are only deficient for the CD103+CD11b- DC subset were transiently susceptible to infection in contrast to conventional mice that are highly resistant
Balandraud, Nathalie. "Quantification du virus d'Epstein-Barr dans le sang périphérique de patients souffrant de Polyarthrite rhumatoïde : utilisation de la PCR fluorescente quantitative en temps réel." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077231.
Full textKapétanovic, Ronan. "Rôle de la voie Toll-Like Receptor 2 et de la phagocytose dans la production de cytokines par les cellules mononuclées phagocytaires en réponse à Staphylococcus aureus." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T020.
Full textStaphylococcus aureus is a Gram positive bacteria leading to an increasing number of human pathologies. The goal of our work was to study the S. Aureus-induced cytokine production by phagocytic mononuclear cells (i. E monocytes, peritoneal and alveolar macrophages). We confirmed that TLR2 was dispensable for peritoneal macrophage response to S. Aureus. In contrast, TLR2 activation and phagocytosis were both required to obtain a full cytokine production in monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Furthermore, with specific inhibitors, we observed that p38 and Pi3K had a key role in both activation pathways. On the contrary, Racl and ERK were important for macrophages intracellular pathway. We then investigated which receptor was detecting S. Aureus after phagocytosis. Transfection of a dominant-negative form of NOD2 in RAW 264. 7 macrophagic cell line inhibited strongly NF-KB activation in response to S. Aureus. However, using NOD2-deficient primary cells, we observed that the absence of NOD2 did not alter cytokine production. Finally, NOD2-/- animals responses were comparable to wild-type after intra-nasal injection of S. Aureus. Nevertheless, NOD2-/- mice recovered faster than wild-type (weigh gain and pulmonary lesions). In conclusion, our work shows the existence of a TLR2-independant activation pathway that relies on phagocytosis. NOD2 does not play a critical role in S. Aureus response, both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we show that, in phagocytic mononuclear cells, there is a great discrepancy in the role of phagocytosis in the response to S. Aureus. This work underlines the heterogeneity in the phagocytic cells response depending on the compartment they are derived from
Pichereau, Solen. "Etude de l'activité des antibiotiques utilisés en clinique dans les infections communautaires à staphylococcus aureus sur la décroissance bactérienne, la production de toxines et le relargage de cytokines par les cellules mononuclées." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT1802.
Full textThe rapid spread of CA-MRSA is concerning all over the world due to multiple reports of overwhelming and tissue-destructive infections. This epidemic could become a public health problem in France if the virulence and behavior of this pathogen regarding antibiotics treatment is not fully understood soon. The aim of this work was to use different PK/PD models to better evaluate antibiotic activity against CAMRSA strains. Optimal dosing regimens of clinically available antibiotics against CA-MRSA were determined using an in vivo PK/PD infection model in mice. Susceptibility of antibiotics to the inoculum effect of CA and HAMRSA strains has been evaluated using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model simulating free drug concentrations in humans. This study shows that minocycline, linezolid, clindamycin and daptomycin activities are not affected by the inoculum effect, while TMP/SMX activity is significantly reduced at high inoculum. The impact of those antibiotics on CA-MRSA toxins gene expression has been studied using an in vitro PK/PD Hollow Fiber model. This study shows that clindamycin, minocycline and linezolid have an antitoxinic effect on CA-MRSA toxins while TMP/SMX significantly increases PVL production. This study was supplemented by the evaluation of the impact of those antibiotics at different concentrations on cytokines release from PBMCs after exposure to S. Aureus toxins. The protein synthesis inhibitors (tigecycline, linezolid, clindamycin) and TMP/SMX decrease cytokines release from PBMCs while azythromycin, daptomycin, vancomycine do not show any significant impact on the studied cytokines. As a conclusion, antibiotics activity against CA-MRSA can be define by their antimicrobial and antitoxinic activity and their impact on cytokines release from PBMCs. The protein synthesis inhibitors seem to be efficient antibiotic against CA-MRSA by limiting toxins production and exacerbated immune response. The antibiotic association TMP/SMX seems to be use carefully in severe CA-MRSA infections
Maylin, Sarah. "Détection de l'ARN du virus de l'hépatite C dans le foie et les cellules mononuclées du sang : nouvelle approche pour étudier l'éradication virale, la sévérité de la maladie et la réponse au traitement." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077252.
Full textLasseaux, Corentin. "Etude de la modulation des cellules myeloïdes murines au cours de l'endotoxémie." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S023/document.
Full textSepsis is a complex syndrome in which systemic infection leads to exacerbated inflammation and immunosuppression that can lead to the development of secondary infections. The progression of this syndrome is correlated with a marked decrease in the number of protective immune cells, especially dendritic cells (DCs). Studies on preclinical mouse models have shown that restoring the numbers or function of DCs decreased immunosuppression and susceptibility to infections.Conventional DC (cDCs) and monocytes are part of the system of mononuclear phagocytes, important in homeostasis and pathological conditions. Conventional DCs have a role of antigen presentation and overall orchestration of the immune system. Monocytes and their derivatives have a role of tissue cleaning and local regulation of immunity. Monocytes can also develop functions homologous to those of cDCs under certain conditions. However, recent studies have shown that DC may have different or even antagonistic roles depending on their ontogeny.These cells originate from a bipotent hematopoietic precursor restricted to these two lineages, the MDP (Monocytes and DCs progenitor). It is known that systemic infection induces the massive generation of myeloid cells at the expense of lymphocytes. This mechanism is sometimes called emergency myelopoiesis. Historically, the distinction of cDCs from cells derived from monocytes has been complicated by the very similar phenotype of these different populations. This is why many studies analysing the impact of septicemia on DCs have not evaluated the subpopulations involved in details. Recent advances have been made in the identification of cDCs and cells derived from monocytes as well as their respective haematopoietic precursors. We then sought to re-evaluate whether the emergency myelopoietic process favoured certain populations of mononuclear phagocytes in a murine model of endotoxemia.In this study, we have shown that the systemic injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induces the generation of antigen-presenting cells of monocytic origin (Mo-APC) in the spleen. We observed a parallel decrease in splenic cDCs numbers. In contrast to the decrease of cDCs numbers, Mo-APC generation is dependent on type I IFNs signalling. Moreover, we observed that LPS allows the induction of active monopoiesis in the bone marrow, depending on type I IFNs signalling.In parallel, we studied a recently discovered detection pathway for intracellular LPS potentially implicated in the reduction of cDCs number following LPS injection. This detection pathway is implicated in the lethality of LPS induced endotoxic shock. It activates the non-canonical inflammasome inducing pyroptotic cell death and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We observed that this signaling pathway did not appear to be involved in the reduction of the splenic cDCs following LPS injection. However, high-throughput screening revealed potential regulators of non-canonical inflammasome, and in particular in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Overall, this work contributes to the improvement of our knowledge concerning the plasticity of haematopoietic precursors of mononuclear phagocytes system in pathological conditions. In the future, this knowledge could allow the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at limiting the immunosuppression of patients through the manipulation of myelopoiesis and mononuclear phagocytes
Al, Bacha Jeanne D'Arc. "Nouvelles fonctions de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine et du récepteur de la (pro)rénine en pathologies cardiovasculaires et neurologiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066415.
Full textNew components of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) continue to be discovered and their functions studied. This thesis provides new insights on the role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and of the (pro)renin receptor in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). First, we studied the role of ACE in CVD by analyzing the impact and the association of a mutation in ACE and in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) genes compared to other polymorphic cardiovascular genes of proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hypertensive hypercholesterolemic Lebanese patients. We showed that Lebanese patients expressing a double mutation (Del/4G) of ACE and PAI-1, respectively, are at high risk of developing CVD, suggesting that combined ACE/PAI-1 mutations may be considered as a potential marker of CVD onset. In the second part, we studied the relation between the (pro)renin receptor, whose gene is called Atp6ap2, and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPC) during development. To this end, we used an in vitro model of neural stem cells (NSC) isolated from Atp6ap2-/Y mice embryos and studied their self-renewal capacity and their differentiation into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Our results suggest that Atp6ap2 is necessary for self-renewal of NSC independently of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in mammals. In addition, we showed that the expression of ATP6AP2 in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) isolated from adipose tissue was correlated with their degree of neuronal differentiation
Tron, Camille. "Étude des relations entre concentrations sanguines, biliaires, intracellulaires, et effet immunosuppresseur du tacrolimus en transplantation hépatique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B038.
Full textTacrolimus is the cornerstone of preventive treatment of allograft rejection in liver transplantation. Tacrolimus dosages must be tailored according to trough whole-blood concentrations measured all along the therapy. However, this therapeutic drug monitoring approach has some limitations since tacrolimus response is not optimal for all patients. In this context, this work aimed at evaluating the interest of alternative pharmacological biomarkers of tacrolimus monitoring in liver transplant recipients. The first part of the research led to emphasize that intra-patient variability of tacrolimus trough whole-blood concentrations was a risk factor for graft loss and drug side effects. In the second part of the work, an analytical method of quantification of tacrolimus in bile was developed, evidences of the presence of tacrolimus direct-glucuronide metabolite in bile were provided and tacrolimus bile concentration was found to be a potential predictive biomarker of the drug neurotoxicity onset. The last part of the work was focused on in-vitro and in-vivo studies of the relationships between tacrolimus blood and intracellular exposures and its pharmacodynamic effect on its target calcineurin. Taken together, this translational pharmacology research program led to improve our understanding of tacrolimus exposure-effect relationship and to identify new biomarkers that could allow making a step forward in optimizing and personalizing the immunosuppressive treatment in liver transplant recipients
Azarnoush, Kasra. "Thérapie cellulaire myocardique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719631.
Full textNicolas-Gaulard, Isabelle. "Activité immunomodulatrice d'une protéine, l'hypodermine A, sur les cellules sanguines mononucléées des bovins." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120031.
Full textPODEVIN, PHILIPPE. "Effect des acides biliaires sur les cellules mononucleees humaines : mecanisme d'action." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077248.
Full textLemaitre, Florian. "Optimisation des thérapeutiques immunosuppressives par méthode pharmacologique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114832/document.
Full textImmunosuppressive drugs have proven efficacy in the prevention of acute rejection of solid organ transplantation. However, these drugs exhibit substantial variability in pharmacological response due to such a variation in their pharmacokinetics. This variability may be the cause of underexposure with a lack of efficacy or over-exposure causing toxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of immunosuppressant blood levels can limit the risk of over or underexposure facilitating dosage adjustment of these treatments. Despite the extensive use of TDM, the incidence of acute rejection has declined somewhat in recent years and remains high (in the order of 8-15%). Acute cellular rejection can further occur in patients even though blood levels are within the therapeutic range. That is why improvements in the therapeutic monitoring and new ways of monitoring are relevant lines of investigation in pharmacology.The objective of this phD work was to develop new pharmacological tools for monitoring the effect of two immunosuppressive drugs, everolimus and tacrolimus in order to control the pharmacological variability of the immunosuppressive effect .For the first time, the pharmacokinetics of everolimus in heart transplant was modeled by a population approach. Pharmacological modeling is one of the current areas of improvement of immunosuppressants TDM which allows evaluating the impact of demographic, biological and / or genetic on the pharmacokinetics of these drugs covariates. The development of this model must allow individualization of dosages leading to limit pharmacokinetic variability during treatment with this drug.During this work, two analytical methods were also developed by LC-MS/MS for assaying intracellular tacrolimus and everolimus concentrations. Measuring intracellular concentrations of immunosuppressive drugs, i.e. at its site of action, appears as a more relevant than measuring blood concentrations. These methods were then evaluated on small cohorts of heart transplant patients. The feasibility of such assays has been demonstrated and led to the completion of the last part presented in this work.Indeed, a clinical study was performed in de novo liver transplant patients to evaluate blood and intracellular concentrations of tacrolimus and their effect on the target protein, calcineurin. For the first time complete intracellular pharmacokinetics have been obtained for the description of the profile of the intracellular kinetics of tacrolimus. This study also highlights and describes the relationship dose - blood concentration - intracellular concentration - effect on the target protein of tacrolimus in liver transplant patients. This work might help conducting clinical trials to assess the relevance of a longitudinal follow-up of intracellular concentrations and / or activity of calcineurin in the prevention of transplant rejection.The tools developed in this PhD work aimed, firstly, to better understand the variability of the pharmacological response in immunosuppressive therapy and, secondly, to be tools for understanding the drug mechanisms inside of the cell. The use of these tools should contribute to the decrease in the frequency of graft rejection and the overall improvement in the management of organ transplant patients
Marin, Valérie. "Transition de l'inflammation à polynucléaires neutrophiles vers l'inflammation à cellules mononucléées : un nouveau rôle pour l'interleukine-6." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2002AIX20654.pdf.
Full textBlanchet, Benoit. "Evaluation de l'intérêt de la détermination de l'activité calcineurine au sein des cellules sanguines mononucléées chez des patients transplantés hépatiques traités par tacrolimus." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN12503.
Full textNkiliza, Aurore. "Intérêt du transcriptome de cellules mononucléées périphériques sanguines dans l’étude des mécanismes moléculaires de la maladie de Parkinson." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S058/document.
Full textParkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with genetic determinants not only contributing to rare familial forms of the disease but also involved in prevalent sporadic forms by interacting with environmental factors. Thanks to the identification of these determinants, several molecular mechanisms contributing to the disease have been found highlighting also its complexity. In order to better understand the molecular perturbations underlying the disease, we performed whole transcriptome analyses using microarrays and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Parkinson’s disease patients with genetic and sporadic forms of the disease as well as healthy controls.We identified several dysregulated genes in the cells of Parkinson’s disease patients with a G2019S LRRK2 mutation and sporadic patients compared to healthy controls. Pathways and cellular processes related to those genes mainly display disturbances of EIF2 signaling common to G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers and sporadic patients. These data pinpoint potential perturbations of translation and RNA splicing both related to RNA metabolism. Involvement of RNA metabolism is also observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Parkinson’s disease patients carrying mutations of ATXN2 gene encoding for ataxin-2 protein. It is mainly known as a regulator of the stability, the splicing and the translation of mRNA. Such RNA-mediated perturbations seem to be a common to all forms of Parkinson’s disease and might be a physiological mechanism of the disease. RNAseq data from Parkinson’s disease patients having or not deleterious mutations are in agreement with this hypothesis showing quantitative and qualitative discrepancies of splicing variants inside genes involved in RNA metabolism but also in known molecular pathways of the disease.As a conclusion, our results support the current view of RNA metabolism association with neurodegenerative disorders. In Parkinson’s disease, those alterations could involve quantitative and qualitative variations of splicing variants inside genes involved in RNA metabolism but also in known perturbed molecular pathways of the disease. Further analyses of these dysregulations should be helpful to determine their specificity and evaluate their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Bonnardel, Johnny. "Caractérisation phénotypique, ontogénique et fonctionnelle du système phagocytaire mononucléé des plaques de Peyer." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4048.
Full textPeyer’s patches (PPs) are primary inductive sites of mucosal immunity. The follicle-associated epithelium contains specialized epithelial cells, called M cells, that bind and rapidly transport microorganisms from the lumen to the subepithelial dome (SED) where they are internalized by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) which are involved in the initiation of the mucosal immune responses. MPS comprise monocytes, macrophages (Mφ) and dendritic cells (DC). Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype, distribution, ontogeny, function, and transcriptional profile of PP MPS. We show that monocyte give rise to two different cell populations named lysoDC and lysoMac. The former express high levels of MHCII and costimulatory molecules, have a short half life and are able to prime naïve T cells for IFNγ production while the latter display low levels of MHCII, have a long half life and are unable to prime naïve T cells efficiently. However, these two cell populations share common features such as phagocytosis and antimicrobial defense mechanisms. LysoMac can be separated in two subpopulations according to Tim4 expression: Tim4+ lysoMac located in the IFR and the lower part of the follicle; Tim4- lysoMac located in the SED and upper part of the follicle. LysoDC can be separated in four different maturation stages according to Emb, Jam-A and CD24 expression. Finally, we redefined the location of each PP MPS population. In summary, we provide a comprehensive map of the PP MPS which will allow to study its role in mucosal immune response initiation and regulation
Mutez, Eugénie. "Apport du transcriptome des cellules mononucléées sanguines à l'étude de cas familiaux et sporadiques atteints de la maladie de Parkinson." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912324.
Full textMutez, Eugénie. "Apport du transcriptome des cellules mononucléées sanguines à l’étude de cas familiaux et sporadiques atteints de la maladie de Parkinson." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S033/document.
Full textParkinson's disease (PD) is prone to misdiagnosis particularly in the early stages. A better understanding of the deleterious mechanisms is essential to identify therapeutic targets and detect the disease earlier. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) play a role in the deleterious cascade and reflect molecular events associated with PD. Moreover, the study of genetically determined forms of PD enables the identification of subjects at a very early. We hypothesized that PBMCs could be an interesting model to study some mechanisms reflecting the neurodegeneration even at an early stage of the disease. Therefore, we conducted transcriptomic studies in different groups of PD subjects or patients with mutations in order to detect deregulated genes and signaling pathways.We first studied the gene expression profile of PD subjects with the mutation G2019S of the LRRK2 gene. Analysis of microarrays identified disturbances in cell signaling pathways involved in PD. Alterations in the MAPK pathway, the actin cytoskeleton and vesicular transport, associated with the pathogenesis of LRRK2, were noted. The list of deregulated genes separates individuals based on their genetic status including an asymptomatic subject. G2019S LRRK2 mutation is associated to a particular gene expression profile identifiable in PBMCs even at early stage.Then we investigated another form of genetically determined by duplication of SNCA gene. We better characterized the relationship between genotype and clinical phenotype of the subjects. The duplication extends 4.928 Mb, contains 31 genes and results from non-allelic homologous recombination. The analysis of the expression of genes in the PBMCs of a subject carrying the mutation at preclinical stage showed overexpression of SNCA.We compared PBMCs gene expression of G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers, SNCA duplication carrier and also sporadic PD patients. Our analysis showed that carriers of the LRRK2 mutation and sporadic PD patients have common deregulated signaling pathways that reflect the PD pathogenesis. By contrast, pathways deregulated in the subject with SNCA duplication reflect the pathogenesis of SNCA. In addition, we looked at the expression of SNCA isoforms in PBMCs of these three groups of individuals. Sporadic and LRRK2 patients showed a decreased expression of four isoforms of SNCA in their PBMCs. However, in the duplicated subject, only isoform 112 was overexpressed.Then we used this technology to identify molecular pathways associated with spino-cerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), which provides rarely a parkinsonian phenotype and compared with subjects with a cerebellar phenotype. Again, we identified deregulation of gene expression associated with SCA2 pathogenesis, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and actin cytoskeleton in PBMCs of subjects with parkinsonian and metabolism of RNA and inositol phosphate in cerebellar subjects.Finally, we looked at gene expression in PBMCs according to the evolutionary and clinical stage of PD including individuals at a very early. We compared their gene expression profiles with more advanced PD patients. From the early stages, we observed a deregulation of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways that control cell survival; these findings underscore the importance of these biological pathways in the development of PD.In conclusion, we demonstrated that PBMCs are an interesting model. The transcriptomic studies can get insight into the mechanisms associated with early stages of degeneration and into biological markers, such as SNCA. This technique could be applied in a larger number of subjects including other neurodegenerative diseases to detect specific diagnostic markers of PD
ALARY, FLORENCE. "Nephropathie interstitielle aigue abacterienne : etude nosologique, anatomo-pathologique et etiopathogenique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU31099.
Full textPirault, John. "Implication des phagocytes mononucléés dans les pathologies inflammatoires chroniques : exploration d'un modèle murin d'athérosclérose et du xanthogranulome chez l'homme." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833457.
Full textMasy, Eric. "Rôle de la protéine LMP-1 du virus d'Epstein-Barr (EBV) dans la prolifération de cellules présentant une latence virale de type II : caractérisation d'une lignée monocytaire transformée par le virus." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2P006.
Full textRougier, Philippe. "Expression des antigenes du virus de l'hepatite b dans les cellules mononuclees du sang : etude au cours des hepatites chroniques et des infections a vih." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M014.
Full textDelhem, Nadirah. "La souris SCID - Hu gréffée avec de la peau humaine et reconstituée par des cellules mononucléées périphériques humaines syngéniques : modèle d'étude de la réponse immunitaire humaine." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-393.pdf.
Full textHu, Shulong. "L'invalidation de CX3CR1 induit une surexpression de P2RX7 dans les phagocytes mononucléés responsable de l'augmentation de la sécrétion d'IL-1β et de la mort des photorécepteurs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066418/document.
Full textPhotoreceptor degeneration in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is associated with an infiltration and chronic accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). We have previously shown that Cx3cr1 -deficient mice develop age- and stress- related subretinal accumulation of MPs, which is associated with photoreceptor degeneration. Cx3cr1 -deficient MPs have been shown to increase neuronal apoptosis through IL-1β in neuroinflammation of the brain. The reason for increased IL-1 β secretion from Cx3cr1 -deficient MPs, and whether IL-1β is responsible for increased photoreceptor apoptosis in Cx3cr1 -deficient mice, has not been elucidated. Here we show that Cx3cr1 -deficient MPs express increased surface P2X7 receptor (P2RX7), which stimulates IL-1β maturation and secretion. P2RX7 and IL-1_β inhibition efficiently blunted Cx3cr1 -MP-dependent photoreceptor apoptosis in a monocyte/retina coculture system and in light induced subretinal inflammation of Cx3cr1 -deficient mice in vivo. Our results provide an explanation for increased CX3CR1-dependent IL-1β secretion and suggest that IL-1β or P2RX7 inhibition can help inhibit the inflammation-associated photoreceptor cell loss in late AMD, including geographic atrophy, for which no efficient treatment currently exists
Cribier, Bernard. "Infection des cellules mononuclees sanguines par le virus de l'hepatite c : etude in vivo et in vitro. role de la coinfection par le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13108.
Full textZoulim, Fabien. "Signification de l'expression des proteines pre-s1 dans le serum et les cellules mononucleees du sang au cours des infections chroniques dues au virus de l'hepatite b." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M151.
Full textCazorla, Céline. "Maladie de Kaposi au cours de l'infection à VIH : apport de la détection dans les cellules mononucléées du sang circulant de séquences génétiques d'herpès virus humain No 8." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23068.
Full textBani, Lynda. "Les trois chaînes du récepteur à l'interleukine-2 : expression par les cellules mononucléées du sang et modulation par la glycoprotéine gp120 du VIH-1 sur les lymphocytes T CD4." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120063.
Full textBello, Gaëlle. "Etude des effets de la protéine C-réactive sur certains aspects de la biologie des cellules mononucléées circulantes et des monocytes humains : Implications pour la physiopathologie des maladies cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10104/document.
Full textC-reactive protein is now considered as an essential biomarker for predicting the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and their acute complications through mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. We investigated CRP effects on several aspects of the biology of ex vivo human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and monocytes. In fact, these cells can be involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Also, we used the promonocytic line THP-1. These three cellular types were incubated with purified or recombinant CRP and gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and (pro)MMP-9 was analysed by real time semi-quantitative PCR and protein expression by immunometric or ELISA tests. CRP doesn’t seem to act upon neither the tested cytokines synthesis nor the (pro)MMP-9 expression. A global approach by protein array with the cultured monocytes supernatants showed that CRP induced VEGF-A protein synthesis. This result was confirmed at transcriptional level by RT-PCR and at protein level by ELISA. A complementary study with the monocytic cell line THP-1 demonstrated the activation of PI3-Kinase and MEK pathways but not of p38MAPKinase pathway in this regulation. These results provide insight into several mechanisms that could transform the statistical association between CRP and cardiovascular diseases into a cause-to-effect relationship. Some of these mechanisms could represent therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases
Matheron, Isabelle. "Effets protecteurs précoces et tardifs de thérapie cellulaire par administration de cellules mononucléées et de progéniteurs endothéliaux issus du sang de cordon humain dans l'encéphalopathie hypoxo-ischémique néonatale expérimentale chez le rat." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0610/document.
Full textNeonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) is a dramatic perinatal complication, associated with poor neurological prognosis despite neuroprotection by therapeutic hypothermia, in the absence of an available curative therapy. We evaluated and compared ready-to-use human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBCs) and bankable but allogeneic endothelial progenitors (ECFCs) as cell therapy candidate for NHIE. We compared benefits of HUCBC and ECFC transplantation 48 hours after injury in male rat NHIE model, based on the Rice-Vannucci approach. Based on behavioral tests, immune-histological assessment and metabolic imaging of brain perfusion using SPECT, HUCBC or ECFC administration provided equally early and sustained functional benefits, up to 8 weeks after injury. These results were associated with total normalization of injured hemisphere cerebral blood flow assessed by SPECT/CT imaging. In conclusion, even if ECFCs represent an efficient candidate, HUCBCs’ autologous criteria and easier availability make them the ideal candidate for hypoxic-ischemic cell therapy
Guillou, Clément. "Étude des effets de l'alpha-énolase sur les cellules mononucléées du sang périphérique de sujets sains et de patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde, et dans le modèle murin d'arthrite induite au collagène." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUENR07.
Full textMoutard, Isabelle. "Les macrolides et la reaction inflammatoire : leurs activites sur les metabolismes oxydatif et proteolytique des granulocytes neutrophiles humains et sur la production de cytokines par les cellules mononucleees humaines (doctorat : pharmacologie)." Lille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL2P009.
Full textBRONONICKI, JEAN-PIERRE. "Interactions entre le virus de l'hepatite c et les cellules mononucleees sanguines. Mise au point de modeles de replication in vitro et in vivo. Etude de la memoire lymphocytaire anti-vhc." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13035.
Full textCabrera, Aulestia Francisco Javier. "Treating Cellular Stress and Damage : Use of Healthy Mitochondria Isolated from Donor Cells in the Artificial Mitochondria Transfer / Transplant (Amt/T) to Repair Mitochondrial Disfunction in Differentiated (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells) and Germinal Cells (Oocytes)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT073.
Full textAccording to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria is an organelle derived from an ancient alpha-proteobacteria that developed a symbiosis with a eukaryotic ancestor. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exists in hundreds to thousands of copies in each cell and encodes for 13 structural proteins which are subunits of respiratory chain. Mitochondria generate energy for cellular processes by producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Also, they control other processes as nucleotide and heme syntheses, redox balance, calcium metabolism, waste management (urea and ROS) and apoptosis. mtDNA deletions, point mutations, thymine dimers and mtDNA depletions are strongly related with disease in humans and other mammals. Some mtDNA alterations can arise spontaneously during life spam, other can be inherited by maternal lineage as specific mutations. So, nuclear DNA mutations can produce mitochondrial disorders because while mtDNA encodes 13 proteins, mitochondria need almost 2000 proteins with structural and functional roles. In these cases, a mendelian inheritance pattern can be observed. mtDNA alterations can be produced by exposure to toxic substances or UV and high-energy radiations. mtDNA mutations are cumulative because mitochondria lack reparative mechanisms. Normal and mutant mtDNA can coexist in the same cell, a condition known as heteroplasmy. Heteroplasmy allows the persistence of an otherwise lethal mutation through generations. Mitochondrial disorders can appear as myopathies, cardiomyopathies, lactic acidosis diabetes mellitus, female’s subfertility, lipodystrophy, neuropathies as autism or Alzheimer’s diseases or haematological and renal disorders. Due to heteroplasmy, these disorders can appear with a wide range of intensities, because the mutant mtDNA needed to cause a disorder varies among organisms, among organ systems and within a given tissue, and depends on a delicate balance between ATP supply and demand. Another kind of problem surges at tissues under hypoxemic-related damage, where mitochondria play an important role in cell survival and recovery. Finally, the role played by mitochondria in cancer survival and treatment is focused in many researches.Mitochondrial disorders have not a single treatment. In the most serious cases of inherited mitochondrial diseases, the supportive treatment only improves the life quality slightly. Nowadays, the most of experimental approaches search prevents the clinical manifestations of these diseases by reducing the mutant mtDNA percentage into the oocyte or the early embryo via nuclear transfer. Artificial Mitochondrial Transfer/Transplant (AMT/T) rises as an alternative to many acquired or inherited mitochondrial disorders, both ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo conditions. The present work shows the variation of an AMT/T method -MitoCeption- in a cellular model for in vitro treatment of acquired mtDNA disorder caused by UV Radiation by using Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and the feasibility of the same method for ex vivo AMT/T to murine oocytes and early embryos. In the in vitro model of cell damage by UV radiation, the main results represent an upgrading in the applications of AMT/T. We showed that PBMCs could be used as a primary allogeneic mixed source of mitochondria. We also showed that these mitochondria can be transferred in a mix from different donors (PAMM) to UVR-damaged, non-adherent primary cells. Additionally, the duration of the MitoCeption protocol was reduced. On the other hand, Mitoception used on murine oocytes and early embryos probed to be a safe method for AMT/T by using human mitochondrial mix (PAMM). Murine 0ocytes’ and embryos’ exogenous mitochondrial content was observed by fluorescence microscopy and exogenous mtDNA was quantified by qPCR and 2ΔCT method. Finally, healthy murine new-borns were obtained by embryo transfer, probing that human mitochondria were removed from murine cells during embryo’s development after implantation
Bousquet, Laurence. "Etude comparative des thérapies anti-VIH : rôle des transporteurs d'efflux sur le passage transmembranaire des antirétroviraux au niveau des cellules CD4+ et de la barrière hémato-encéphalique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364246.
Full textCertaines protéines d'efflux pourraient diminuer les concentrations intracellulaires d'IP. Ce travail étudie la pharmacocinétique intracellulaire des IP et leurs mécanismes de transfert à travers la membrane cellulaire à l'aide de modèles cellulaires.
Les IP pénètrent dans la cellule par diffusion passive et s'accumulent par fixation aux protéines cytosoliques.
Nous avons également étudié l'expression de la P-glycoprotéine à l'aide de cellules mononucléées du sang périphérique de patients infectés par le VIH et traités par des multithérapies antivirales à base d'IP.
Julian, Adrien. "Marqueurs périphériques de l'inflammation et déclin cognitif au cours de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT1406.
Full textAn inflammatory process is involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), whose link with cognitive decline is not established.In a prospective cohort study, we analyzed the relationship between levels of mediators of inflammation and cognitive status in AD patients. Our main objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and RANTES plasma levels on cognitive decline at two years in a multicentric study. Our secondary objectives were to analyze the relationship between these markers, and the cognitive status at diagnosis and after six months and one year of follow-up. We also analyzed the relationship between protein kinase PKR, the inflammatory markers, and the cognitive status.Overall, 109 patients were included and 72 patients (mean age: 79.4 ± 6.8 years, mean MMSE score: 21.2 ± 2.7) were evaluated after two years of follow-up. No correlation between plasma inflammatory markers concentration and cognitive decline at 2 years was shown. Furthermore, no correlation between inflammatory markers in plasma or in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cognitive status was found. However, the PKR study showed correlations between PKR levels and its activation and cognitive decline. Selected inflammatory markers do not appear to be predictive of the cognitive status at diagnosis or of the cognitive decline through a 2-years follow-up in AD. However, we found a relationship between PKR activation in PBMCs and cognitive decline during early-stage AD. Before transposition of PKR assessment into clinical practice, these results need to be confirmed on a larger number of patients
Dussault, Patrick. "Production basale et stimulée des endothélines chez les éosinophiles et les cellules mononuclées du sang humain : sujets normaux versus asthmatiques /." 1999. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=732128241&sid=32&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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