Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules musculaires satellites'
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Kostallari, Enis. "Microcirculation et croissance musculaire : rôle des péricytes dans la niche des cellules satellites musculaires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0065.
Full textMuscle microvasculature is often considered solely as a source of nutrients and oxygen for growing muscle cells and seems to be stereotypically conserved between human and mouse. The adult normal muscle microvascular unit is formed of 6–8 capillaries. In Gitiaux, et al. (2013) we show that microvascular unit organization and size are strikingly similar in human and small animals. In the adult skeletal muscle, the majority of satellite cells are close neighbors of pericytes and some of them are probably able to establish temporary direct contacts with pericytes. During post-natal development, in human and mice, pericytes and satellite cells become progressively closer. In vitro, endothelial cells induce satellite cell activation and proliferation through Angpt-2 and PDGF-BB, while pericytes induce quiescence through Angpt-1 and differentiation of satellite cells through IGF-1. These effects are confirmed by in vivo experiments using Tg:NG2Cre/+::R26RiDTR, Tg:NG2Cre/+::IGF1del/+ and Tg:TNAPCreERT2/+::Angpt1del/+ mice, which exhibit muscle hypotrophy and satellite cell activation. All these results support the emerging concept that “stem cells support other stem cells”
Martinet-Corbineau, Clémence. "Rôle du gène H19 dans les cellules souches musculaires." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB004/document.
Full textThe imprinted H19 gene is highly expressed during embryonic development. H19 is fully repressed after birth in all tissues, with the exception of skeletal muscle, and especially of the muscle stem cells: the satellite cells. The aim of my thesis was to define the function of the H19 gene in the satellite cells establishment and function during adult myogenesis. Using loss-of-function H19∆3 mice, the laboratory had shown that the H19 gene was able to modulate the expression of several genes belonging to an imprinted gene network (IGN) in the embryonic muscle. During my thesis, I studied the muscle phenotype of these adult mice, which present both fiber hyperplasia and hypertrophy. This phenotype is accompanied by an important reduction of the satellite cell number, probably due to a delay in their entry into quiescence. Unexpectedly, despite the reduction in the number of satellite cells in mutant mice, the self-renewal capacity of the satellite cells is fully retained. In addition, we observe a better regeneration potential of the mutant muscles compared with wt muscles. This is accompanied by the enhanced expression of several genes from the IGN. These results indicate that H19 gene can modulate IGN gene expression both during embryogenesis and after birth, in adult myogenesis
Bauer, Delphine. "Altérations épigénétiques des cellules souches musculaires au cours du vieillissement naturel : implications dans la sarcopénie." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN090.
Full textThe decline in muscle mass during physiological aging, called sarcopenia, is a progressive phenomenon whose consequences on health can be disastrous. Muscle stem cells, also called satellite cells, ensure muscle homeostasis. They gradually lose the ability to regenerate damaged tissue with age. The precise mechanisms of this degenerative process are still poorly understood but it seems to imply alterations of the epigenetic marks regulating gene expression in satellite cells.This thesis has focused on the mechanisms leading to this progressive incapacity of the satellite cells to make new muscle fibers with age. The work is divided in two major parts: the role of UTX on the expression of muscle genes and more particularly their splicing and the consequences of the alterations in the trimethylation level of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) regulated by UTX in the satellite cells of so-called "geriatric" mice.We have thus demonstrated that UTX is necessary at different stages of the differentiation process to activate gene transcription and alternative splicing.In elderly individuals, the expression of UTX is altered, resulting in modifications of the epigenetic profile of the satellite cells and a disruption of their gene expression program. Finally, preliminary results suggest that UTX also participates in the "chronic inflammatory syndrome" observed in elderly mice, regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6.This work allowed us to highlight the role of UTX at different levels of regulation of gene expression in muscle cells, explaining at least in part the defects of regeneration related to aging
Mougeolle, Alexis. "Effet du stress oxydant sur les cavéoles dans les cellules musculaires squelettiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0298/document.
Full textSarcopenia is an age-related degenerative disease which is characterized by a progressive and involuntary loss of muscle mass and strength. It is accompanied by an impairment of muscle regeneration and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Caveolae are invaginations of the plasma membrane. In muscle, they play a role in the differentiation of satellite cells and in maintaining the contractile unit of the differentiated skeletal muscle. Some myopathies are resulting from the absence of caveolae in muscle. Caveolae are also involved in mediating signals related to the regulation of oxidative stress. To better understand the mechanisms involved in the development of sarcopenia, we investigated here the relationship between oxidative stress and caveolae. Mouse muscle cells were treated with H2O2 and decreased levels of caveolin-1 and -3 were demonstrated in myoblasts and myotubes, respectively. It therefore appears that caveolae constituent proteins are actually sensitive to oxidative stress in muscle cells. In the presence of H2O2, caveolae functions (endocytosis and resistance to mechanical stress) were also significantly degraded in myoblasts. Altogether, these data suggest that oxidative stress would affect caveolae, which could have consequences on regeneration and maintenance of muscle integrity during aging
Thériault, Marie-Eve. "Caractérisation des cellules satellites chez des personnes ayant une maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27196/27196.pdf.
Full textBonavaud, Sylvie. "Différenciation des cellules satellites musculaires humaines et microenvironnement cellulaire : implication de l'urokinase et de la fibronectine." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120036.
Full textFélix, de Melo Juliana. "Molécules de fusion et facteurs de transcription dans les macrophages et cellules musculaires squelettiques de rats : l'effet de la dénutrition néonatale." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2000.
Full textIn this thesis, we evaluated the late effects of neonatal undernutrition on the expression/production of fusion molecules and transcriptional factors in alveolar macrophages and skeletal muscle cells. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were suckled by mothers fed diets containing 17% casein, control group (C) or 8% casein, undernourished group (UN) during lactation. After weaning, all animals received a normoproteic diet (Labina or Teklad Global), at 42 days (n=12), 60 days (n=12) and 90 days (n=12). Half of these animals (n=18) were submitted to a tracheostomy for the removal of bronchoalveolar lavage and subsequent culture of alveolar macrophages for 4 days. In the other half (n = 18), all muscles of both legs were removed and the skeletal muscle cells cultured for 10 days. This resulted in two original articles. The first of these, entitled “Long-term effects of a neonatal low-protein diet in rats on the number of macrophages in culture and the expression/production of fusion proteins”, allowed us to observe that undernutrition during lactation altered the number of macrophages in culture and the production of fusion proteins in young and adult rats, but did not modify the expression of cadherin adhesion molecules. The second article, entitled “Effect of a neonatal low-protein diet on the morphology of myotubes in culture and the expression of key proteins that regulate myogenesis in young and adult rats”, demonstrated that neonatal undernutrition did not modify the expression of key proteins of the myogenic process but altered the morphology and reduced the number of myotubes in culture from 60-day-old rats. In conclusion, neonatal undernutrition caused sequelae in young and adult organisms, even after nutritional recovery. These changes were evidenced in the development of alveolar macrophages in culture and myogenesis
Trensz, Frédéric. "Influence de l'environnement biochimique et biomécanique sur les cellules souches du muscle squelettique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6257.
Full textBassaglia, Yann. "Les cellules satellites musculaires dans deux modèles de myogénèse ("in vitro" et "in vivo") : différences entre un muscle lent et un muscle rapide." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120031.
Full textDaval, Nathalie. "Mise en evidence et caracterisation de populations de cellules satellites musculaires comparaison de deux souches de dinde et de deux types de muscle." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10069.
Full textMerlet, Angèle. "EFFETS D’UN ENTRAINEMENT EN ENDURANCE SUR LES CARACTERISTIQUES MUSCULAIRES DES PATIENTS DREPANOCYTAIRES HOMOZYGOTES." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES036.
Full textSickle cell disease is a genetic hemoglobinopathy resulting in chronic and severe hemolytic anemia and iterative vaso-occlusive crisis. This pathology is also accompanied by exercise intolerance and alterations in muscle function and tissue. Recently, we demonstrated, through a randomized controlled study, the safety and functional benefits of a moderate-intensity endurance exercise training program in sickle cell disease patients. The objective of this doctoral work was to evaluate the effects of this training program on the muscle characteristics of forty homozygous sickle cell disease patients. The analysis of muscle biopsies reported tissue adaptations in trained patients, illustrated by an increase in the surface area of myocytes, an improvement in their oxidative capacity, an increase in the number of microvessels without modification of their tortuosity, suggesting a better muscle oxygenation. The excellent tolerance of this training mode seems to be based on a lower mobilization of the anaerobic pathways, as shown by the stability of the enzymatic activities associated with lactic glycolysis and the lack of any modification of the muscle protein content involved in pH regulation. Moreover, this training did not result in any significant tissue degradation. Thus, this training provided functional benefits, but also reduced muscle tissue dysfunctions. This exercise therapy can therefore be considered a promising adjuvant strategy for sickle cell disease patients
Gravel, William-Édouard. "Expression de la dystrophine humaine dans le Tibialis anterior de souris Rag/mdx suite à une greffe de cellules myogéniques dérivées d'hiPSCs dystrophiques et corrigées génétiquement." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26698.
Full textHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have shown self-renewal capacity and can potentially differentiate into all types of cell lineages. They represent an unlimited source of cells for the therapy of degenerative diseases, such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), a disease characterized by a rapid degeneration of muscles that starts early in life. Dystrophic hiPSCs have been corrected by our collaborator, Dr. Hotta, by inserting of a single base pair in the exon 45 with Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) to restore the reading frame of the gene. Our laboratory has developed a two-step procedure to differentiate hiPSCs into myogenic cells. We first used a myogenic culture medium especially developped in the laboratory (called MB-1) to promote the differentiation of hiPSCs into mesenchymal-like precursor cells. We next transduced them with a lentivirus expressing the myogenic transcription factor MyoD under the control of the composite CAG promoter, in order to induce their differentiation into myoblasts. Transduced cells have been grafted in the Tibialis anterior muscle of Rag/mdx mice where they fused with existing muscle fibers. The presence of the human dystrophin protein has been confirmed by immunohistofluorescence in muscles grafted with the genetically corrected cells and in a control graft with myoblasts of a healthy donor. Cell therapy shows great promises for DMD patients since it allows the expression of a normal gene capable of producing a functional dystrophin in muscle fibers and increase the regenerative capacity of the muscle and the muscle strength.
Dudhal, Swati. "Selenoprotein N as a novel regulator of the muscle progenitor’s cell fate decision process : balancing differentiation and self-renewal." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC288.
Full textMutations of Selenoprotein N (SEPN1) cause a congenital myopathy, SEPN1-related myopathy (SEPN1-RM), characterized by severe weakness and wasting of neck and trunk muscles, scoliosis and lethal respiratory failure. SEPN1-RM has been associated with oxidative stress, reduced satellite cell population and defective muscle regeneration. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, particularly a potential role of SEPN1 in regulating the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of the satellite cell pool, I used Sepn1 KO mice primary satellite cells and C2C12 cells knocked down for Sepn1, at different stages of differentiation (quiescent cells, myoblasts and myotubes). Using a suspension system to generate synchronized quiescence on C2C12, I found that Sepn1 absence in G0 cells does not prevent cell cycle exiting and re-entering but prevents normal downregulation of two key myogenic factors (MYOD1 and MYOG mRNAs) and leads to higher Cyclin D1 levels (CCND1 mRNA) in quiescence conditions. Microarray and qRT-PCR studies showed that Sepn1 depletion in proliferative C2C12 cells leads to significant increase in the levels of the transcription factors MYOG and MYOD1. In parallel, immunoblot analysis showed an increased expression of the cell cycle regulator proteins p21 and Cyclin D3. Moreover, primary murine satellite cells isolated from gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles from the Sepn1 KO mice showed increased myoblast fusion during early myogenic differentiation. Next, I explored the mechanistic pathways leading to this cell phenotype by western blots and/or qRT-PCR using Sepn1 knockdown C2C12 cells. I found no clear-cut abnormalities of the AMPK or the p38 mediated pathways, and no consistent changes in the expression of the ER stress markers GRP78 or calnexin. In contrast, our data suggest that HDAC5 and mTOR could be involved in the accelerated differentiation phenotype. Other mechanistic studies are in the progress. In conclusion, lack of SEPN1 leads to incomplete quiescence and accelerated myogenic differentiation. Thus, we identify SEPN1 as a novel regulator of the muscle progenitor’s cell fate decision process and SEPN1 depletion favors differentiation over self-renewal. These results potentially explain the depletion of the satellite cell population and the regeneration defect in SEPN1-RM models, and identify novel biomarkers useful to assess potential therapeutic interventions
Barro, Marietta. "Approche cellulaire de la dystrophie facioscapulohumérale : développement et caractérisation de cultures primaires musculaires dérivées de patients FSHD." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20116.
Full textFacioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD), the third neuromuscular disorder, is characterized by a progressive wasting of specific skeletal muscle groups at adult age. It is due to a genetic defect located in 4q35, but the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease are still unknown. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed so far to determine signalling pathways involved in FSHD by using primary muscular cells isolated from FSHD patients, but these studies have led to contradictory results probably because FSHD cells were isolated from muscles with different levels of affection. Thus, one major aim of this thesis work was to characterize fourteen primary muscular cell cultures from affected and non-clinically affected muscles from FSHD patients by comparing them to fourteen primary muscular cell cultures from healthy individuals. This work showed that all FSHD myoblasts were highly sensitive to oxidative stress and were morphologically altered in differentiation. A proteomic approach between FSHD and control primary cultures was also conducted. The identification of proteins specifically altered in FSHD cell cultures will allow the determination of altered pathways within these cells. Moreover, previous work from the lab combining proteomic and biochemical analysis on FSHD and control muscular biopsies led to the identification of putative pathways involved in this pathology. With the characterization of FSHD primary cultures, these hypotheses are currently being tested
Domingues, Carla. "Evaluation de l'action régulatrice de la vitamine D sur le dialogue entre cellules immunitaires et musculaires : implication dans la capacité de régénération du muscle squelettique au cours de la sarcopénie." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1PP06.
Full textOne of the most striking effects of ageing is an involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass known as sarcopenia. The development of sarcopenia appears to be multifactorial and includes anabolic resistance to dietary amino acids and sedentary lifestyle. The diminished ability of aged muscle to self-repair is also a key factor of sarcopenia. During the regeneration process, immune and muscle cells work in a cross-talk leading to an optimal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. However, with aging, the immune response is impaired, possibly contributing to the reduction in the capacity of regeneration.Muscle and immune cells are both targets of vitamin D action. This vitamin modulates muscle cell proliferation and differentiation and stimulates the anti-inflammatory response of immune cells. With age, vitamin D insufficiencies or deficiencies develop.In this context, the main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the regulatory action of vitamin D on the cross-talk between immune and muscle cells and its implication in the ability of skeletl muscle to regenerate during aging.Initially, we studied in vitro the differentiation of L6 muscle cells co-cultured with or without immune cells (PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells), and in with or without of LPS. From this model, PBMC stimulated muscle cell differentiation. The pro-inflammatory response induced by LPS inhibited the expression of muscle differentiation markers in muscle cells. Of note, these markers were stimulated even in presence of LPS. In addition, the LPS-associated pro-inflammatory environment inhibited the Notch signaling pathway, the key pathway of muscle regeneration process, in L6 cells co-cultured with PBMC. We then used the same system of co-cultures to determine whether vitamin D, in its 25 (OH)D form, could modulate PBMC cytokine secretion and thereby could alter the expression of markers of muscle differentiation. Unfortunately, the treatment of co-culture with 25 (OH) D has changed neither the profile of PBMC cytokine secretion nor the expression of differentiation markers in L6 cells.Secondly, we investigated in a model of old rats the mechanisms that contribute to muscle atrophy following vitamin D depletion. We have demonstrated that the activity of the Notch signaling pathway, as well as muscle proliferation were reduced in old vitamin D-depleted rats, even in the absence of lesions. Then we evaluated the effect of the vitamin D status on an acute muscle regeneration process, i.e. muscle infusion of notexin in old rats. This ongoing experiment has already highlighted that during aging, muscle proliferation is reduced after injury, especially if age is associated with a vitamin D deficiency. In addition, during aging, the expression of differentiation markers was altered resulting in delayed and/or incomplete differentiation process, in particular in vitamin D-depleted old rats. However, vitamin D supplementation seemed to have no beneficial or deleterious effects on muscle regeneration in aged rats.In conclusion, in vitro 25 (OH) D was unable to modulate the differentiation of muscle cells co-cultured with immune cells. However, in vivo, vitamin D depletion appeared to worse the effect of ageing on muscle regeneration.The diminished ability of aged muscle to self-repair is a factor of sarcopenia. Our work has demonstrated the importance of maintening optimal vitamin D status to preserve muscle regeneration capacity and thus to limit muscle atrophy during aging
Chaillou, Thomas. "Contrôle de la masse et du phénotype musculaires en hypoxie : leçons tirées de modèles de croissance du muscle squelettique chez le rongeur." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716380.
Full textBensaid, Samir. "Mise en place de contre-mesures pour limiter la perte protéique de cellules musculaires squelettiques consécutive à l’hypoxie cellulaire." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S021.
Full textBackground and aims : Chronic exposure to severe hypoxia has deleterious effects on the muscular system, in particular on skeletal muscle mass. Hypoxia leads to imbalance of protein homeostasis, decreasing protein synthesis (mainly regulated through PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway) while increasing protein degradation (mainly through autophagy and proteasomal degradation). In contrast, mechanical stimuli and nutrients, particularly the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), induce activation of the mTOR pathway in human and rat skeletal muscle as well as and in cultured muscle cells, and decrease protein catabolism. In a model of skeletal muscle cell culture, we attempt to determine whether the combination of mechanical stimulation, nutritional supplementation and reoxygenation could reverse the deleterious effects of hypoxia on protein homeostasis.Experimental methodsWe induced a hypoxic stress on skeletal muscle murine cells differentiated into myotubes C2C12: four days after differentiation, the C2C12 myotubes were placed into a hypoxic chamber at 4% O2 for 24h. Electrical stimulation was applied to the cells using a pulse generator to provide electric pulses. Following the ES treatment, myotubes were firstly supplemented with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: mixture of leucine, isoleucine and valine added to culture media) while placed to normoxia during 2 hours (corresponding so to a reoxygenation protocol).ResultsAfter 24 hours of hypoxia, the morphological analysis of myotubes shows a significant decrease in their diameter, translating the activation of protein degradation pathways at the expense of protein synthesis pathways. When applied separately, each treatment has little effect on the mTOR pathway and morphology of myotubes. However, the combination of electrical stimulation, supplementation BCAA and reoxygenation lead to an increase of the phosphorylation of key proteins involved in protein synthesis pathway (Akt and p70S6 kinase), thus reflecting their activation state. In addition, morphological analysis shows a significant increase in myotube diameter and fusion index (reflecting the state of differentiation), a sign of the presence of muscle hypertrophy.ConclusionOur preliminary results suggested that mTOR pathway responds to a combination of electrostimulation, nutrient supplementation and reoxygenation by phosphorylation of key regulators of protein synthesis, and could reverse the protein loss induced by hypoxia
Altério, Jeanine. "Isolement d'un clone d'ADNc du Facteur de Croissance des Fibroblastes (FGF) acide et son expression dans la rétine et le cerveau bovins : comparaison de l'expression des FGF acide et basique dans des cellules endothéliales humaines et dans les cellules satellites musculaires de rat." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120002.
Full textMouaffak, Toumi Nassima. "Mécanisme du transport du pyruvate dans les cellules du muscle squelettique L6 : Etude cinétique du caractère allostérique ou multisite associé aux isoformes fonctionnelles des transporteurs des monocarboxylates : analogies et différences avec le transport du L-lactate." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05S033.
Full textSchuh, Mélanie. "Caractérisation des voies de signalisation contrôlées par les androgènes dans le muscle strié chez la souris." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ106/document.
Full textMuscles generate strength and movement, and have important metabolic functions. The aim of my work was to characterize the role and mechanisms of action of androgen receptor in skeletal muscle. We show that ablation of the androgen receptor in skeletal muscle myofibers does not affect muscle mass as both anabolic (IGF1) and catabolic pathways (myostatin) are deregulated. However, the absence of this receptor in myofibers decreases muscle hypertrophy induced by mechanical overload and limits glucocorticoids-induced muscle atrophy. Its ablation also increases autophagy, leading to sacromeres destructuration, resulting in decreased muscle strength. Moreover, its deletion reduced the rate of glucose absorption during a glucidic overload. Thus, myofibres androgen receptor regulates muscle mass and strength, as well as glucose import
DECARY, STEPHANIE. "Consequences du vieillissement de la cellule satellite humaine sur la regeneration musculaire : applications a la therapie genique et aux dystrophie musculaires." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077033.
Full textWurmser, Maud. "Rôle des homéoprotéines SIX dans les progéniteurs myogéniques au cours du développement musculaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB053/document.
Full textSIX homeoproteins are encoded by the Sine oculis homeobox related genes Six1 to Six6 in vertebrates among which Six1, Six2, Six4 and Six5 are expressed in the muscle lineage. Whereas Six1 and Six4 are required for hypaxial myogenesis, double KO for those two genes (s1s4KO) still form their epaxial and craniofacial muscles. We further characterized the phenotype of compound Six mutant embryos and showed that the absence of Six1 and Six2 completely impairs craniofacial myogenesis and worsen muscle limb development observed in single Six1 mutants. We also showed that mouse fetuses devoid of SIX1, SIX2, SIX4 and SIX5 activity are still able to develop epaxial muscles, but that Pax7 expression in myogenic progenitors of these mutants is reduced and intermingled with Myogenin expression. While s1s4KO fetuses still develop epaxial muscles, their PAX7+ cells show a perturbed homing process into their niche, between the plasma membrane of a myofibre and the basal lamina surrounding it. Transcriptomic analysis, transplantation experiments and in vitro studies allowed us to conclude that the homing of PAX7+ cells into their niche during fetal myogenesis requires an adequate environment combining properties of the myofibers and the PAX7+ cells; environment disturbed in s1s4KO epaxial muscles. Transplantation experiments also led us to conclude that Six1 and Six4 are required for proper myofiber re-inervation after injury and for the establishment of the fast phenotype of myofibers. Furthermore, muscles transplanted with s1s4KO fetal PAX7+ cells after injury are formed of numerous and tiny myofibers. We could link this phenotype to the behavior of s1s4KO cells in vitro where they showed perturbed fusion. Finally, SIX homeoproteins require co-factors to induce their target genes expression, as EYA proteins encoded by Eya1 to Eya4 in vertebrates. Eya3 and Eya4 are strongly expressed in satellite cells during regeneration, cells in which Six1 is also required for proper muscle repair. We investigated muscle regeneration in absence of Eya3 expression and observed no obvious phenotype. We concluded that Eya3 is not required for muscle regeneration but that other Eya genes might compensate its function in KO mouse. To conclude, Six1 and Six2 are required for craniofacial myogenesis and Six1 and Six4 for hypaxial myogenesis and for the establishment of a proper environment allowing myofibre maturation and PAX7+ cells homing during fetal epaxial myogenesis and enabling myofibre growth and re-innervation after injury. The role of the collaboration between SIX and EYA proteins during myogenesis still needs more investigation
Negroni, Elisa. "Potentiel myogénique des cellules humaines : conséquences en thérapie cellulaire." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066080.
Full textCastets, Perrine. "Etude des pathologies liées à SEPN1 : rôles de la sélénoprotéine N au cours du développement et de la regénération du tissu musculaire." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066376.
Full textLe, Moal Emmeran. "Macrophages au cours de la régénération musculaire : rôle du stress oxydant et des molécules sécrétées : de la physiologie intégrative à la biologie fondamentale." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20051.
Full textSkeletal muscle has the remarkable ability to regenerate following injury. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process that requires different cell types to restore the tissue. Among these cells are found muscle stem cells, vascular cells and immune cells. Among immune cells, macrophages are play a key role by releasing trophic factors. Depending on their activation states, pro or antiinflammatory, they exert different effects on muscle stem cells and regeneration process. Interestingly, reactive oxygen species emerge as important regulators of muscle stem cells and macrophage biology.Consequently, this pluridisciplinary PhD thesis in sport sciences aims to identify and determine the involvement of macrophage derived-reactive oxygen species and secreted molecule and their functional effects on skeletal muscle regeneration both in mice and human. Furthermore, a one-season follow-up of pro/antioxidant balance in high level soccer players contributes to knowledge regarding the evolution of a factor involved in the etiology of exercise-induced muscle damages
Fornasari, Benoît Chérel Yan Rouger Karl. "Les cellules souches dérivées du muscle (MDSC) isolement dans deux modèles gros animaux et évaluation comme candidates à la thérapie de la Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne (DMD) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=50816.
Full textPapaefthymiou, Aikaterini. "Role of the Srf transcription factor in adult muscle stem cells." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB120/document.
Full textThe adult skeletal muscle is a high plastic tissue as it adapts its size upon overload and it is capable of regeneration upon muscle lesion. The skeletal muscle is composed of a specialized syncytium, the myofiber, which is the functional unit of the muscle and a small population of myogenic progenitors, residing adjacent to the myofibers, termed as satellite cells (SCs). SCs are the muscle-specific stem cells which endow the skeletal muscle with its remarkable capacity to repair and to maintain homeostasis during muscle turnover. In resting adult muscles, SCs are quiescent but they activate upon exposure to stimuli. The activated SCs (myoblasts) proliferate extensively and subsequently differentiate and fuse between them or pre-existing myofibers, a series of cellular events called myogenesis. In parallel to the myogenesis, a reserve population of SCs escapes the myogenic program and self-renews to replenish the SC pool. The current project aims to further characterize the signalling pathways involved in SC functions during muscle regeneration and compensatory hypertrophy (CH). Srf is a muscle-enriched transcription factor with Srf-target genes implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation (sarcomeric proteins), adhesion, migration and cellular cytoskeleton. Studies in C2C12 mouse myogenic cell line showed that Srf loss prevent the myoblast proliferation and differentiation by down-regulating the expression of the myogenic determinant MyoD gene. We used a genetic murine model for adult SC-specific Srf-loss in order to conduct in vivo and ex vivo studies for the Srf role in SCs. Compensatory hypertrophy and regeneration are the two means by which SCs were recruited. We show that loss of Srf in SCs affects the regeneration process and the CH suggesting the Srf role in the SC fate. Srf-depleted SCs display probably no defect in their proliferation and differentiation but reduced capacity in motility and fusion. Transcriptomic analysis revealed altered actin cytoskeleton and signalling. Srf-depleted SCs show reduced actin expression and altered actin cytoskeleton. Rescue of actin expression in Srf-depleted SCs partially restored the cytoskeleton organization and the fusion process. Interestingly by actin overexpression only the heterotypic/asymmetric fusion was established but not the homotypic/symmetric fusion. Therefore actin overexpression restored the hypertrophic growth in the CH (in vivo model of heterotypic fusion) but failed to do so in the regeneration (in vivo model of homotypic fusion). This study contributed to the in vivo investigation of the Srf mechanistic role in adult SCs and underlined the importance of actin cytoskeleton maintenance in the fusion of myogenic cells
Mecca, Jordan. "Rôle des cellules souches musculaires dans la physiopathologie de l’amyotrophie spinale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS261.
Full textSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by motor neurons (MN) degeneration, muscle atrophy and paralysis leading to premature death in the most severe forms. SMA is due to a reduction of the ubiquitous protein called SMN resulting from homozygous mutations in SMN1 gene. Long considered as a purely neuronal disease, SMA appears now as a multisystemic disease affecting many peripheral tissues, including skeletal muscle and muscle stem cells (SC). With the first successes of AAV9-SMN-based gene therapy, uncertainties emerge about the long-term effects of these therapies, particularly regarding the integrity of the neuromuscular system. This work is in line with this problematic, and shed new light on the involvement of muscle SC in SMA pathophysiology. We observed a decreased number of SC in the muscles of SMA Type II patients, which could result from reduced ability of SMN-deficient SC to commit to quiescence and a loss of quiescent SC by apoptosis. Using the murine conditional KO model Pax7CreERT2/+;SmnF7/F7, we demonstrated that this SC-depletion induced by SMN deficiency leads, in the long term, to a selective loss of α-MN and phenotypic changes in muscle fibers. Finally, we showed a deregulation of miRNA expression profile in SMA mouse SC, and identified potential new therapeutic targets for the development of future combined therapeutic strategies, restoring SMN and preserving the neuromuscular system in the long term
Collard, Laura. "Rôle du facteur de transcription Srf au cours de l’atrophie du muscle squelettique et dans les cellules satellites." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T068/document.
Full textAdult skeletal muscle is able to adapt its size to functional demand. It can undergo atrophy or hypertrophy according to mechanical load. To date, the molecules that mediate muscle plasticity remain unclear.Using different models inducing muscle atrophy, we show that the transcription factor Srf is a mediator of mechanotransduction through the actin/Mrtfs/Srf pathway. Mechanical load abolition leads to G-actin nuclear accumulation, delocalization of Mrtf-A, an Srf coactivator, and Srf activity downregulation. This results in a decrease in Srf-dependent transcription. Many Srf target genes encode sarcomeric proteins such as α-skeletal actin, thus a downregulation of Srf-dependent transcription could participate to muscle atrophy. In addition, our results suggest that Srf activity decrease could affect mitochondrial network organization and autophagic flux in a way that remains to be determined. Besides, using a satellite cell-specific conditional and inducible Srf knockout, we show that overload hypertrophy requires Srf expression by satellite cells. Myoblasts proliferation and early differentiation are not altered by Srf loss. However, mutant myoblasts are unable to fuse with myofibers during overload hypertrophy. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Srf is an important player in skeletal muscle plasticity: it is a mediator of mechanotransduction via the actin/Mrtfs/Srf pathway and its expression by satellite cells is required for myoblasts to fuse with myofibers during overload hypertrophy
Lourenço, Dos Santos Sofia. "Importance de la réparation des protéines oxydées pour l'homéostasie du muscle squelettique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066241/document.
Full textMuscle regeneration and the muscle adult stem cells, also known as satellite cells, that are engaged in this process are a major biomedical issue, mainly for the treatment of muscular dystrophies. In some muscular dystrophies as for muscle ageing, an important oxidative stress state and an altered protein homeostasis have been described. The objective of this thesis is to determine the importance of methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) enzymes, one of the few enzymatic systems involved in the reduction of protein oxidation, in satellite cells function during regeneration as well as their role in skeletal muscle fibres protection during muscle ageing. Our results show that in the absence of Msr enzymes, cultured primary myoblasts revealed increased reactive oxygen species content and accumulation of oxidised proteins that result in decreased myoblasts proliferative capacities associated to a senescence state. Regarding the study of muscle fibres, we found a decrease in Msr activity during ageing, which could contribute to the accumulation of irreversible damages observed in aged muscle fibres. This thesis is the first study of Msr proteins in skeletal muscle tissue. Our results demonstrate the importance of MsrA enzymes in the regulation of satellite cells function during muscle regeneration and suggest that it could represent an interesting therapeutic target in complement of the cell therapies already used for the treatment of muscle disorders such as muscular dystrophies
Fornasari, Benoît. "Les cellules souches dérivées du muscle (MDSC) : isolement dans deux modèles gros animaux et évaluation comme candidates à la thérapie de la Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne (DMD)." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=3d5cd2fe-7068-4cd9-8e37-7618e6017684.
Full textTherapeutic approaches for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by myoblast transplantation have been hindered by poor survival rates and the limited spread of the injected cells. Stem cell identification in adult tissues and the definition of their myogenic potential have open new prospects. First, we used the muscle-derived cell’s adhesion properties in an avian model to isolate progenitor cells residing in skeletal muscle and that are distinct from myoblasts: the LAC (Late-Adherent Cells). Using the preplating technique, we showed that a marginal cell fraction displays an initial adhesion defect to collagen matrix and that it is composed of cells poorly committed in myogenic program and immature progenitor cells, as this has been previously described in mice model. Also, we demonstrated that this defect could not be attributed to the methodological approach and that the LAC are not generated in vitro by myoblasts. Second, we showed in canine model that the LAC are characterized by an initial quiescent status, a high in vitro proliferation rate as well as a low fusion ability, a phenotype and a multi-lineage differentiation potential that defined them as muscle stem cells: the MDSC (Muscle Derived Stem Cells). After intramuscular injection in dystrophic GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy) dogs that represent clinically relevant animal model for DMD, we established that MDSC are able to participate in muscle fiber formation, to allow recovery of dystrophin expression and to generate satellite cells. Collectively, these results qualify MDSC as potential candidates for future cell therapy for DMD
Rahal, Pamela. "Role of GSK3β - MLK3 - p38γ MAPK Signalling in Satellite Cell Proliferation Regulation." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1000.
Full textMLK3 is a Ser/Thr MAP3K, which activates MAPKs signalling pathways in different cell types. The Ser/Thr kinase GSK3-β directly phosphorylate Ser 792 residue and activate MLK3. Since neither the role of MLK3, nor GSK3-β -MLK3 interaction have been previously investigated in muscle, the aim of my thesis was to elucidate their contribution in the regulation of muscle mass and physiology.Skeletal muscle post-natal growth and adult regeneration relies on satellite cell-mediated myonuclear accretion, during which, activated satellite cells, proliferate, differentiate and fuse with preexisting myotubes.I have demonstrated that in skeletal muscle, GSK3-β acts upstream of MLK3 to induce satellite cells proliferation through the induction of MLK3-p38γ MAPK signalling. Similarly, in vivo CTX-induced TA damage in MLK3 KO mice resulted in decreased number of proliferating Pax7+/ki67+ satellite cells, with a rapid muscle regeneration ability.These data suggest provide a yet unknown role of MLK3 in skeletal muscle tissue that could help in curing age-related muscle dystrophies
Correra, Rosa Maria. "Pw1/Peg3 regulates skeletal muscle growth and satellite cell self-renewal." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066339.
Full textPw1/Peg3 is a parentally imprinted gene expressed from the paternal allele. It is expressed in all adult progenitor/stem cell populations examined to date including muscle satellite cells. We examined the impact of loss-of-function of Pw1/Peg3 in skeletal muscle, a tissue that greatly contributes to body mass. We found that constitutive loss of Pw1/Peg3 results in reduced muscle mass resulting from a decrease in muscle fiber number. The reduced fiber number is present at birth. Mice lacking both the paternal and maternal alleles display a lower fiber number as compared to mice carrying the paternal deletion, suggesting that the maternal allele is functional during prenatal development. Hybrid analyses (C57BL6J and Cast/Ei) of muscle tissue reveal a bi-allelic expression of Pw1/Peg3 around 10%. Pw1/Peg3 is strongly up-regulated in response to muscle injury. Using the constitutive Pw1/Peg3 knock out mouse, we observed that satellite cells display a reduced self-renewal capacity following muscle injury. Pw1/Peg3 is expressed in satellite cells as well as a subset of muscle interstitial cells (PICs). To determine the specific role of Pw1/Peg3 in satellite cells, we crossed our conditional Pw1/Peg3 allele with the Pax7-CreER line. Interestingly, these mice displayed a more pronounced phenotype of impaired regeneration revealing a clear and direct role for Pw1/Peg3 in satellite cells. Taken together, our data show that Pw1/Peg3 plays a role during fetal development in the determination of muscle fiber number that is gene-dosage dependent and plays a specific role in muscle satellite cell self-renewal
Barjot, Catherine. "Propriétés in vitro des cellules satellites des muscles lents et rapides de lapin, et modalités de la régénération musculaire in vivo." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON1T036.
Full textSchirwis, Elija. "Skeletal muscle growth and maintenance depend on BMP signaling." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066057.
Full textGrowth factors of the TGF-β superfamily play a role in all stages of prenatal myogenesis and govern adult muscle maintenance. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β subfamily and are key signals that regulate embryonic and fetal muscle development. This work investigates the role of BMP signaling in muscle stem cells of the postnatal muscle, the satellite cells. I showed that BMPs regulate satellite cell-dependent growth of postnatal fibers and the generation of the satellite cell pool. After inhibition of BMP signaling, I observed that myogenic precursor cells become quiescent and fail to progress towards differentiation, whereas treatment with BMP4 on its own is sufficient to reactivate the myogenic program. BMP signaling also affects the size of the muscle in a satellite cell-independent manner. I found that BMPs provide a hypertrophic signal and protect from denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Under such condition, BMP signaling inhibits the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbxo30. I further analyzed the interaction between myostatin and BMP signaling. Myostatin is another member of TGF-β superfamily, but myostatin and BMPs bind to different receptors for signaling. Large muscles in absence of myostatin entirely depend on the presence of BMP signaling. Denervation of muscle in myostatin mutant mice causes a strong muscle atrophy, which is aggravated by the inhibition of BMP signaling. Therefore, the BMP pathway is a fundamental hypertrophic signal in adult muscle and is dominant over myostatin signaling
Bouazza, Belaid. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes moléculaires de la dystrophie musculaire oculopharyngée : recherche de pistes thérapeutiques." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066118.
Full textCollard, Laura. "Rôle du facteur de transcription Srf au cours de l'atrophie du muscle squelettique et dans les cellules satellites." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937290.
Full textMagras, Catherine. "Influence de la vitesse de croissance musculaire post-natale du dindon sur les potentialités de développement des cellules satellites : rôle des hormones thyroïdiennes." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2012.
Full textBierinx, Anne-Sophie. "La cellule satellite, clé de l'efficacité des thérapies cellulaire et génique du muscle strie déficient." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA113004.
Full textSatellite cells are mononucleated cells located at the periphery of the muscle fibre, between the sarcolema and the extracellular matrix. They are quiescent in adult and considered as stem cells. When they are activated, they are allowed to proliferate in order to grow muscle fibre in young or to regenerate injured fibres. In the first part of the present study, we researched how optimize the regeneration of the urethral striated sphincter as it is injured after prostatectomy leading to urinary incontinence. Up today, injections of cultivated myogenic cells result of temporary functional improvement but the fate of the injected cells remains uncertain. Furthermore myogenic cells loss their regenerative capacities when they are cultivated outside their natural environment. We tested the implantation of freshly minced muscle fragments that contain satellite cells surviving in their “cellular niche”, into the gap resulting from a partial urethral resection in male rat. 28 days after surgery, sutured rats remained fully incontinent without urethral activity since autografted rats returned to continence with micturition cycles and sphincter activity close to normal. In the second part, we have attempted to delay and/or ameliorate the course of the dystrophic muscular phenotype by inhibiting the myostatin activity. An AAV-mediated myostatin propeptide gene was injected into a hindlimb muscle of 17 old-day mdx mice before the first round of degeneration-regeneration. This treatment was ineffective on the time course of the dystrophy and on the contractile properties of the Tibialis Anterior muscle although the construct was detectable up to 8 weeks of age. Muscle growth and regeneration depending on satellite cell proliferation and fusion, we suggest that these small cells have not been transfected at the injection time. These 2 studies show the main role played by satellite cells in the treatment of muscular diseases. In the perspective of future muscular therapies, “cellular niche” preservation and conditions of in vivo satellite cell transfection cannot be ignored
Mazaleyrat, Kilian. "Modélisation de pathologies neuromusculaires par la co-différenciation dirigée de cellules souches pluripotentes induites, en fibres musculaires innervées par des motoneurones." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0127.
Full textInduced pluripotent stem cells obtained by reprogramming of primary somatic cells have revolutionized the cell biology and disease modeling fields. However, modeling human skeletal muscle and neuromuscular disorders has been hindered by a limited number of protocols for generation of mature muscle fibers with sarcolemmal organization. Through simultaneous co-differentiation of hiPSC into muscle cells and motor neurons, we developed a novel procedure for generating innervated multinucleated mature skeletal muscle fibers. Presence of both cell types greatly enhances myoblast differentiation and yields mature functional millimeter-long multinucleated muscle fibers. Furthermore, this organoid-like culture can be maintained over long periods of time with autonomous cell regeneration thanks to the presence of PAX7-positive cells and extracellular matrix synthesis. This protocol applicable to hiPSCs from healthy individuals was validated in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Myotonic Dystrophy, Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy and type 2A Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy opening new paths for exploration of muscle differentiation, disease modeling and drug discovery
Périé, Sophie. "Les muscles du larynx et du pharynx : aspects normaux et pathologiques : modèle d'étude in vitro de la dystrophie musculaire oculopharyngée à partir de cultures de cellules satellites." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077146.
Full textGirardi, Francesco. "TGFbeta signalling pathway in muscle regeneration : an important regulator of muscle cell fusion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS114.
Full textMuscle regeneration relies on a pool of muscle-resident stem cells called satellite cells (MuSCs). MuSCs are quiescent and can activate following muscle injury to give rise to transient amplifying progenitors (myoblasts) that will differentiate and finally fuse together to form new myofibers. During this process, a complex network of signalling pathways is involved, among which, Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) signalling cascade plays a fundamental role. Previous reports proposed several functions for TGFβ signalling in muscle cells including quiescence, activation and differentiation. However, the impact of TGFβ on myoblast fusion has never been investigated. In this study, we show that TGFβ signalling reduces muscle cell fusion independently of the differentiation step. In contrast, inhibition of TGFβ signalling enhances cell fusion and promotes branching between myotubes. Pharmacological modulation of the pathway in vivo perturbs muscle regeneration after injury. Exogenous addition of TGFβ protein results in a loss of muscle function while inhibition of the TGFβ pathway induces the formation of giant myofibres. Transcriptome analyses and functional assays revealed that TGFβ acts on actin dynamics to reduce cell spreading through modulation of actin-based protrusions. Together our results reveal a signalling pathway that limits mammalian myoblast fusion and add a new level of understanding to the molecular regulation of myogenesis