Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules NK, Cytotoxicité'
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Archimbaud, Éric. "Cellules à cytotoxicité non HLA-restreinte et leucémies aigües." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1H098.
Full textAwad, Ali. "Les cellules Natural Killer (NK) dans l’allergie : effet de la chimiokine CCL18 sur les cellules NK humaines et rôle des cellules NK sur les éosinophiles." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S002/document.
Full textAllergic diseases are steadily increasing both in prevalence and severity. Known physiopathological mechanisms involve the induction of a Th2 response by dendritic cells, leading to IgE production and inflammation, in particular linked to the recruitment of eosinophils. Eosinophils are heavily involved in injury and tissue dysfunction and contribute to the maintenance of inflammation. Different cells of innate immunity were shown to be involved in the control of allergic reaction. Among them, (NK) cells, primarily known for their anti-tumor and anti-microbial functions, may regulate different aspects of allergic reaction as suggested by studies in humans or mice. In the peripheral blood of patients with asthma, NK cells exhibit increased cytotoxic capacity, and a predominance of NK2 cells compared to the prevalence of NK1 cells in non-allergic subjects. In patients with atopic dermatitis, the number and cytotoxicity of peripheral NK cells are reduced, as well as their ability to produce IFN-g. Moreover, the dialogue between NK cells and dendritic cells is less effective in asthmatic patients, leading to a reduced capacity of IFN-g production by NK cells. In murine models of pulmonary inflammation, depletion of NK cells by anti-NK1.1 or anti-ASGM1 before immunization inhibits pulmonary eosinophilia, the infiltration of CD3+ T cells and increased levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-12 in the bronchoalveolar lavage. However, depletion with anti-ASGM1 after the establishment of eosinophilic inflammation delays its resolution, suggesting a dual role of NK cells in allergic inflammation.We studied the recruitment and function of human NK cells in allergy through in vitro analysis of the role of CCL18 on NK cells. This chemokine is preferentially produced in the lungs and has a dual role in allergic diseases since it recruits Th2 cells but also regulatory T cells and generates tolerogenic DCs capable of inducing regulatory T cells only from non-allergic donors. We evaluated the response of NK cells in allergic subjects towards CCL18 and compared it to that of NK cells from non-allergic donors. We showed that CCL18 attracts NK cells from non-allergic subjects and induces their cytotoxicity in a G protein dependent pathway. However, NK cells from allergic subjects did not respond to CCL18. This chemokine has no effect on the proliferation of NK cells, but may negatively regulate IFN-g production.The second part of the thesis is based on the hypothesis of a dialogue between NK cells and eosinophils which would modify their respective functions. NK cells and autologous eosinophils were cocultured during 3 and 12 hours, at different ratios. We showed that NK cells directly activate eosinophils as evidenced by the increased release of ECP, eosinophil derived neurotoxin EDN, and the expression of CD63, CD69, and reduced expression of CD62L on living eosinophils. In addition, coculture with NK cells induced apoptosis and mortality of eosinophils in the first hours of coculture. However, apoptosis and death of NK cells were not changed. Fixation of NK cells prevented almost completely the activation and apoptosis of eosinophils, suggesting the involvement of surface molecules, however soluble factors cannot be excluded. These interactions require cell contact, but the molecules involved remain to be determined. Concerning soluble factors, IFN-g and TGF-β are not involved in these mechanisms. However, the signaling pathways p38MAPkinase, ERK, JNK and PI3-kinase are involved in eosinophils activation. Concerning eosinophil apoptosis induced by NK cells, the mitochondrial pathway is more involved than the caspase pathway.In summary, our studies show that NK cells from allergic patients exhibit a defect in their response towards CCL18 compared to non-allergic subjects. In addition, these results suggest that NK cells may regulate eosinophilic inflammation by inducing their activation and / or apoptosis
Congy-Jolivet, Nicolas. "Rôle majeur du FcyRIIIa/CD16a parmi les récepteurs activateurs des cellules tueuses naturelles (cellules NK) : etude de son expression et des réponses fonctionnelles induites par son engagement." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3132.
Full textNK cell can trigger ADCC (Antibody Dependent Cytotoxicity) through the engagement of theFc!RIIIa/CD16a receptor, and « Natural Cytotoxicity » after integration of cellular signals coming from theiractivating and inhibitory receptors. Moreover, activated NK cells produce cytokines such as IFN-!.Engagement by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) of CD16a was strongly more efficient than that of any otheractivating receptor to induce degranulation and IFN-! synthesis. Functional responses depend on thetherapeutic mAb used to engage CD16a and on the donor of NK cells. CD16a down-modulation was a verysensitive marker of NK cell activation, whatever the mean of activation. It was inhibited in the presence ofTMI-2 and TIMP3 (ADAM17 inhibitors), whereas CD16-dependent functional responses were not increased.This work highlighted the major role of the CD16a receptor in the activation of NK cells
Bielawska, Aleksandra. "Cytotoxicité des cellules tueuses naturelles vis à vis des cellules endothéliales organospécifiques : vers une immunothérapie tumorale." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2008/document.
Full textThere are several mechanisms by which tumor angiogenesis may be reduced. They are addressed to tumor endothelial cell (EC) to block their activation and proliferation. Among the natural protection mechanisms, natural killer (NK) cells play an important role. Stimulated NK cells may eliminate potentially “dangerous” cells. Hence, we hypothesized that ECs involved in tumor angiogenesis may be recognized as “dangerous” cells and killed by NK cells. First, the adhesive interactions between NK cells and ECs were investigated. Using human in vitro cell lines, molecular mechanisms of NK cells adhesion to ECs under static and flow in vitro conditions were examined, showing that IL-2 activated NK cells were able to adhere to ECs. The molecular mechanism was shown not to be selectin - dependent but integrin and/or C type lectin like - dependent. Subsequently, cytotoxicity of NK cells toward ECs was analyzed. Its molecular mechanism was mainly perforin-granzyme dependent. NK cells were shown to induce in target ECs Bid translocation and cytochrome c releasing. To validate in vitro cellular model most of these experiments were repeated with freshly isolated human blood NK cells. The in vivo approach necessitated that adhesion and cytotoxicity were performed using murine ECs lines and freshly isolated NK cells from murine spleen. It was found that IL-12 synergizes with IL-2 to stimulate NK cells killing activity toward ECs. The demonstration that, under specific conditions stimulated NK cells are able to kill ECs in vitro allows hypothesizing that in vivo NK cells may participate in tumor angiogenesis inhibition
Tabiasco, Julie. "Cytoxicité et transfert synaptique médié par les cellules NK." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30206.
Full textEl, Costa Hicham. "Cellules NK utérines humaines du 1er trimestre de gestation : fonctions effectrices et leur régulation." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/720/.
Full textIn early h, decidual NK s (dNK) are abundant and considered as cytokine producers but poorly cytotoxic despite their cytolytic granule content, suggesting a negative control of this latter effector function. Decidual NK cells express a large panel of activating and inhibitory receptors. However, little is known about the contribution of the different receptors expressed by dNK cells, to the cytotoxic function. The purpose of our study was to investigate the implication of activating and inhibitory receptors in the effector function of dNK cells and to investigate how these functions are regulated. We first found that freshly isolated dNK, in contrast to peripheral blood NK cells, exhibit a unique repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors, identical among all the donors tested. We then demonstrated that in freshly isolated dNK, mAb-specific engagement of NKp46- and to a lesser extent NKG2C-, but not NKp30-activating receptors induced intracellular calcium mobilization, perforin polarization, granule exocytosis and efficient target cell lysis. NKp46-mediated cytotoxicity is co-activated by CD2 but dramatically blocked by NKG2A (inhibitory receptor) co-engagement, indicating that the dNK cytotoxic potential could be tightly controlled in vivo. Such NKG2A-mediated inhibition might be critical for the outcome of pregnancy. Finally, we found that in dNK, mAb-specific engagement of NKp30, but not NKp46, triggered the production of proinflammatory molecules (such as IFNgamma. . . ). We hypothesized that during pregnancy complications (viral infection), NKG2A-mediated inhibition could be prevented, and thus dNK cells could participate to the elimination of viral infected cells. We indeed found that dNK cells in contact with hCMV-infected fibroblasts proliferate, polarize their cytolytic granules to the immune synapse and kill infected target cells
Veuillen, Caroline. "Caractérisation des mécanismes d'échappement tumoral à la lyse NK dans la LLC-B et le cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20708.
Full textMany experimental and clinical data have enlightened the importance of Natural Killer (NK) cells in tumor immunosurveillance. Therapeutic strategies based on NK cells could be an alternative in the treatment of certain cancers. We focused our study on two types of incurable cancers despite recent advances in treatment: B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and prostate cancer. The aim of our study is a better understanding of the mechanisms set up by leukemic B cells and prostate cancer cells to escape from NK antitumor response. The knowledge of these escape mechanisms is an essential prerequisite to the use of NK cells in antitumor therapies. Regarding B-CLL, our results suggest that NK cells, although functionally competent, can not initiate an appropriate immune response against leukemic B cells due to a lack of recognition of the latter. Concerning the prostate cancer, our preliminary data show that circulating NK cells are functionally competent, whatever the stage of disease, despite the significant decrease in expression of the receptor NKp30. Thus, the degree of immunogenicity of leukemic B cells and of the prostate cancer cells must be taken into account as well as the functionality of NK cells in strategies aiming at improving NK antitumor activity
Avril, Tony. "Etude des mécanismes de résistance des cellules trophoblastiques à la cytotoxicité naturelle." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4007.
Full textNo summary available
Campigna, Emmanuelle. "Biomolécules innovantes pour la thérapie des cancers." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T026.
Full textNatural Killer (NK) are immune cells playing crucial role in the transformed cell elimination at carly stage of tumorigenesis. It is now well established that NK cells participate by their constitutive expression of Fcƴ receptor to the antibody dependant celle cytotoxicty (ADCC) phenomenom and by so to the efficacy of cancer treatment with anti-tumor naked monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). NKG2D (NK Group 2-D) is one of the other constitutive NK cells activator receptors expressed by NK cell. This receptor binds several ligands including MICA (MHC classI Chain-related protein A) in human and Rae1-δ (Retinoic acid early transcript 1) in mice. We produced recombinant biomolécules based on anti-tumor antibody fragment directed against HER2 or CEA and both murine and human NKG2D ligands with the goal to immunotarget and increase the presence of these ligands at the tumor cell membrane. In vitro, tumor cells incubated with these purified biomolecules showed positive staining for NKG2D ligands and were more efficiently lysed by NK cells. More importantly, we demonstrated that these biomolecules can act in combination with naked mAbs to generate additive cytotoxicity against tumor cells by noon activated hPBMCs. In vivo, after intravenous injection, biomolecules showed specific tumor localization. In immunocompetent mice, the murine anti-HER2-RAE1 δ biomolecule inhibited syngeneic tumor development
Germaud, Nathalie. "Polymorphisme du gène NCR3/NKp30 et variabilité de la fonction des cellules Natural Killer humaines." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789417.
Full textXiong, Yu. "Impact du G-CSF sur le phénotype et les fonctions des cellules NK dans le cadre d’une immunothérapie post-allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0106/document.
Full textThe ability of natural killer (NK) cells to kill tumor cells without the need to recognize a tumor-specific antigen provides advantages over T cells and makes them appealing for a use as effectors for adoptive immunotherapy. However, the full therapeutic potential of NK cell-based immunotherapy has not been fully investigated in the context of leukemic relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Today, patients relapsing after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are often treated with donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) based on small cell fractions frozen at the time of the stem cell transplantation. Since peripheral blood stem cells are increasingly used as stem cell source and as source of cells for DLI, we aimed to evaluate the impact of G-SCF mobilization on NK cell phenotype and functions. Therefore, we compared the expansion capacity, the phenotype and the function of NK cells from blood for healthy donors, from allogeneic HSCT healthy donors or from autologous HSCT from patients. We also determine the impact of G-CSF on NK cell subset repartition before and after expansion in presence of IL-15. Our results showed that G-CSF administration to patients decreases CD56brightCD16+ NK cell population, proliferation and function. Overcoming this impairment in lymphoid capacity may be important to facilitate post-transplant immunotherapy
Terrisse, Anne-Dominique. "Modulation de l'activité des cellules tueuses naturelles par les fragments de dégradation de la chromatine." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30169.
Full textLoyon, Romain. "Etude du role de l'IL-21 dans l'interaction entre les cellules à cytotoxicité naturelle et les lymphocytes T CD4 chez l'homme." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA3020.
Full textNatural Killer lymphocytes are critical for innate immunity-mediated protection. Main roles of NK cell rely on their cytotoxic functions or depend on the tuning of TH1 adaptive immunity by IFN-y. Here, we provide evidence that 1L-21, a cytokine produced in vivo during chronic inflammation or infectious diseases, promotes the differentiation of a specifie subset of NK co-expressing CD86 and HLA-DR. IL-21-propagated HLA-DR' NK were able to process and present antigens to CD4' T lymphocytes. More importantly, IL-21-propagated HLA-DR' NK produced macrophage migration inhibitory factor and provided a co-stimulatory signaling during naive CD4* T cell priming inducing the differentiation of uncommitted central memory (Tcm) lymphocytes. Tcm expanded in the presence of HLA-DR* NK were CXCR3 CCR4" CCR6' CXCR5' and produced IL-2, as well as low levels of TNF-a. Co-stimulation of CD4* T cells by HLA-DR' NK prevented the acquisition of effector memory phenotype induced by IL-2. Altogether, these results demonstrate a novel function for IL-21 in tuning NK and CD4~ T cell interactions promoting a specifie expansion of central memory lymphocytes
Bloch-Queyrat, Coralie. "Activation et inhibition de la réponse cytotoxique des cellules NK par le récepteur 2B4 : rôle de l'adaptateur SAP." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066012.
Full textRabot, Magali. "Le récepteur CD160 exprimé par les cellules "natural killer" humaines : fonctions effectrices et voies de signalisation." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30015.
Full textBouachour, Thomas. "Activation des cellules Natural Killer par les endocannabinoïdes Anandamide et 2-Arachidonoyl-glycérol." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01003790.
Full textWinnock-Garcia-Manzano, Maria. "Caractérisation phénotypique, morphologique et fonctionnelle de la population lymphocytaire hépatique humaine." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28237.
Full textMasson, d'Autume Adèle de. "Lymphocytes B régulateurs dans la GVH chronique humaine et rôle de la myosine 18A dans la cytotoxicité des lymphocytes NK." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC177/document.
Full textAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment for many patients with haematological malignancies. In almost half of the cases, it is complicated by chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Regulatory B cells are a population of B cells secreting interleukin (IL)-10 that can inhibit the immune responses. We have shown that in patients with active cGVHD, the frequency of regulatory B cells is decreased in the peripheral blood. Regulatory B cells are enriched in the memory B cell and plasmablast B cell pools. Increased plasmablasts frequencies and decreased memory B cells frequencies were found in patients with active cGVHD, suggesting alterations in the terminal differentiation of B cells. Our work also focused on NK cells that have a cytotoxic role. We identified one surface receptor of NK cells, CD245, as myosin 18A. Myosin 18A is involved in the organization of the cytoskeleton and is a receptor of the surfactant A. We have shown that myosin 18A was a coactivating receptor of the NK cytotoxicity and that this increase in cytotoxicity could be linked to the stimulation of the expression of CD137 (4-1BB) on the surface of the NK lymphocyte. These results suggest a potential therapeutic role of the use of specific CD245 agonist antibodies
Juompan, Laure. "Etude des interactions "lipoprotéines de basse densité/système immunitaire" : sur la fonction tueuse naturelle et au cours du sida." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30204.
Full textCharrier, Mélinda. "Caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle de sous-populations Natural Killer (NK) chez des patients atteints d’un cancer bronchique non à petites cellules et impact d’une vaccination avec des exosomes de cellules dendritiques (Dex) autologues." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS438.
Full textRecently, immunotherapy has emerged as a new strategy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients, confirming the key role of the immune system in this disease. Despite these new treatments (targeted therapies, immunotherapy), response rates remain low with a modest impact on overall survival. Biomarkers are needed to define the target population of these treatments. One of the options explored is the immune status; indeed the immune status of cancer patients has a prognosis impact and may influence the response to standard treatments such as chemotherapy, targeted therapies and even immunotherapy. Among the immune cells, Natural Killer cells (NK) have an effector role in NSCLC. It is now established that NK cells can promote a functional and efficient adaptive immunity. Therefore, an impaired NK functions could be a mechanism associated with the escape from adaptive immunity of the tumor. In our first study, we demonstrated that exosomes from dendritic cells stimulated NK cells through NKp30, this activity is being associated with improved survival in advanced NSCLC. Our second project has revealed, for the first time, a independent prognostic role of NCR3 transcript (NKp30 gene) for naïve advanced NSCLC. Activation of NK cells via NKp30 could be an effective strategy for immunomodulation in advanced NSCLC patients. These studies confirm a major role of NK cells in advanced NSCLC
Dutertre, Charles-Antoine. "De l'importance de la caractérisation des différentes isoformes de RFC gamma des cellules NK pour l'optimisation fonctionnelle des anticorps monoclonaux à usage thérapeutique." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077132.
Full textImportant efforts have been devoted to the optimization of cytotoxic therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb), in particular to the improvement of their capacity to engage the activating RFcγIIIA (CD16) expressed on NK cells that are capable of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In the present work, we examined the expression of FcγRIl by human NK cells, as well as their role in the control of ADCC, which made it possible to define a novel NK cell subpopulation, CD56dim/CD3ˉ/NKp46⁺/RFcγlllAbright/RFcγllbright that strongly expresses inhibitory FcyRIlB. We showed that FcYRMBbright NK cells, detected in all the donors tested, exhibit an expression profile of NK cell receptors (NKR) different from that of NK RFcγll'°/ˉ cells (that predominantly express the activating FcγRIIC), as well as a reduced degranulation following FcγR-dependent activation. The second part of our work allowed the demonstration that an anti-CD20 EMAB-6 antibody developed by the Laboratoire français du Fractionnement et des Biotechnologies, presents a much higher cytotoxic activity against B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells in vitro than rituximab, a marketed anti-CD20 therapeutic mAb. This increased activity was linked to a much higher binding capacity to FcyRIIIA as compared to its non-optimized counterpart or to rituximab. Our studies also confirmed that the low fucose level of the EMAB-6 mAb is essential to its increased FcγRIIIA binding and efficacy. Finally, the better cytotoxic activity of this antibody as compared to rituximab was found even increased when the density of CD20 on target cells was lower
Côte, Marjorie. "Caractérisation moléculaire et fonctionnelle de la syntaxine 11 et de son partenaire MUNC18-2, impliqués dans la lymphohistiocytose familiale." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T059.
Full textFamilial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive immune disorder characterized by the occurrence of uncontrolled activation of lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating multiple organs. Disease-causing mutations in the perforine (FHL2), Munc13-4 (FHL3) and syntaxin 11 (FHL4) genes have been identified in individuals with FHL. This study shows that the gene encoding for the syntaxin-binding proteins 2 (STXBP2, also known as Munc18-2) is mutated in a subset of patients with FHL, designated as FHL5. Lymphobasts isolated from these patients have a severe decreased in Munc18-2 expression. NK cells exhibited impaired cytotoxic granules exocytosis although perforin-containing granules were able to polarize toward the immunological synapse. This defect could be overcome by ectopic expression of wild type Munc18-2. Furthermore, this work provide evidence that syntaxin 11 is the main partner of Munc18-2 in lymphocytes, as its expression required the presence of Munc18-2. These data indicate that Munc18-2 is required at a late step of the secretory pathway for the release of cytotoxic granules by binding to syntaxin 11, which deficiency also causes FHL. Moreover, some FHL5 patients associate to their immune disturbance an intestinal disorder. This additional phenotype strongly suggests that Munc18-2 has a non-redundant function in gut epithelial cells. Munc18-2 is localized to the apical membrane of intestinal epithelial cells and seems to regulate the fusion of intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane. The function of Munc18-2 in the polarization and intracellular trafficking of epithelial cells was thus investigated using Caco2 cell line in which Munc18-2 gene was silenced. So far, no precise role of Munc18-2 in intestinal cell can be evidenced. Beside the fundamental interest of this study in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the exocytic machinery from different cells, our work contributes to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the LHF and its intestinal expression when resulting from Munc18-2 deficiency
Ivagnes, Alexandre. "Valeur prédictive du récepteur NKp30 dans la réponse à l’imatinib mesylate des tumeurs stromales gastrointestinales et identification d’un nouveau mécanisme inhibiteur des cellules Natural Killer par la voie TNFα/TNFR2/BIRC3/TRAF1." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS237/document.
Full textOver the last 10 years, immunotherapy has been at the forefront of cancer therapy. Natural Killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system and have the unique ability to lyse tumor cells without any antigen specific priming. They have a key prognostic role in several hematological and solid cancers including gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). A balance between activating and inhibitory receptors triggers NK cell activation. Natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) are among the most clinically relevant activating receptors and include NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46. NKp30 can be expressed in 3 different isoforms: NKp30a and NKp30b are both immunostimulatory, inducing interferon (IFN) γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α secretion whereas NKp30c is immunosuppressive, producing interleukin 10 (IL-10). IFNγ is a potent activator of immune cells whereas IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. TNFα was first described as a serum factor, inducing tumor necrosis but its role has since been broadened to homeostatic functions. Ample evidence suggests that anti-tumor functions of NK cells are tightly regulated and expand far beyond the simple killing of malignant cells. Despite the tremendous progress in understanding NK cell biology, further work is warranted to fully exploit the anticancer potential of these cells.Our group demonstrated the crucial role that NK cells have in GIST. Indeed, NK cell infiltrate positively correlates with progression-free survival. Moreover, we showed that the preferential expression of the immunosuppressive isoform NKp30c, negatively impacts the clinical outcome of GIST patients. To further extend these observations, we explored the influence of various NKp30 isoforms in GIST patients.Firstly, we revealed that a high ratio between the expression of NKp30b and NKp30c isoforms predicted a stronger imatinib mesylate (IM) response (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, TKI – first line standard of care in GIST) and that tumor cytokine milieu is modified following NKp30 isoform expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated a link between the presence of soluble ligands of NKp30, soluble B7 Homolog 6 (sB7-H6) and soluble BCL2 Associated Athanogene 6 (sBAG6), and a decrease in event-free survival in IM-treated GIST patients.Despite the presence of immune infiltration in many tumors, antitumor functions of lymphocytes are inhibited by the tumor microenvironment. Thus, we explored which signaling pathways were associated with NK cell inhibition in the tumor microenvironment. To do so, we performed a microarray from GIST infiltrating NK cells which highlighted the deleterious effect of TNFα/TNF Receptor 2/Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 3 (BIRC3)/TNF Receptor Associated Factor 1 (TRAF1) pathway on the function of NK cells. Next, we demonstrated that activation of this pathway in NK cells decreased gene transcription and protein expression of the activating receptor NKp46 (also called Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1 NCR1). This decrease positively correlated with NKp30c isoform expression. Moreover we showed that in mice, TNFα increases the metastatic dissemination of the NK sensitive tumor cell line, B16F10.Results from our research on NK cells strengthen the potential of NK cells as a therapeutic target for anti-tumor immunotherapy. Taken together, this thesis demonstrates the key role of the NKp30 receptor and its isoforms in the IM therapy as predictive marker in GIST response and describes for the first time a new NK cell inhibitory mechanism via the TNFα/TNFR2/BIRC3/TRAF1 pathway, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment
Valentin, Hélène. "Étude des mécanismes de déclenchement et de contrôle de l'activation des lymphocytes via les molécules CD2 et CD3 : impacts en immunothérapie." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD276.
Full textMaucourant, Christopher. "Caractérisation du découplage des fonctions des cellules natural killer au cours des infections par les virus de la dengue, du zika et du chikungunya Control of Acute Arboviral Infection by Natural Killer Cells HLA-C-restricted viral epitopes are associated with an escape mechanism from KIR2DL2+ NK cells in Lassa virus infection." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS274.
Full textRecent history has been marked by recent epidemics of dengue fever (Denv), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV). Although these diseases are largely asymptomatic, they can generate serious complications such as chronic forms of arthralgia and can cause hemorrhages that can lead to death (mainly DENV), microcephalies (Mainly ZIKV) and Guillain-Barré Syndromes (Zikv and Chikv). These recent epidemics have prompted WHO to classify these diseases as notifiable diseases. To date, no specific treatment exists against these diseases, making it a priority to understand the immunity directed against these viruses. Although little is known about immunity against these viruses, some studies have shown the role of innate immunity in the clearance of these infections. Among the innate immunity cells : Natural Killer cells have the ability to be activated without prior immunization via the recognition of stress molecules. Once activated, these cells have the ability to produce cytokines to induce the activation of adaptive immunity and can kill infected cells. Initial work in the laboratory showed a decoupling of NK functions during these infections: Cytoxicity only during CHIKV infections, cytokine production during DENV infections. We have been interested in creating models to study interactions between NK cells and targets infected with these viruses in order to characterize the ligand/receptor pairs involved and in order to characterize the signalling pathways involved in this functional decoupling
Nicoletti, Simon. "Natural Killer Cells and Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia : Evidence for an Unconventional Cytotoxicity Pathway." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS383.
Full textNatural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells with anti-infectious and anti-tumoral activities. Among neoplasia, pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemias (pre-B ALL) represent the most common form of cancer in childhood and were shown to be resistant to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity although the mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are incompletely understood.In the present work, we investigated the relative immune resistance of pediatric pre-B ALL targets to activated NK cells. We developed a flow cytometry based cytotoxicity assay to assess the NK activity and the involvement of long term cytotoxic pathways. Although pre-B ALL blasts were strongly resistant at 4h, we found a considerable delayed NK killing at 25h.Further investigations revealed that cell contact was mandatory for efficient killing but also that neither the granule exocytosis nor the death receptor pathway were involved. Target cell death was caspase independent but mitochondria signaling amplified it. We then showed that NK cells from patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease could not kill efficiently ALL blasts and that NK cells expressed key components of a NADPH oxidase complex that was distinct from the phagocyte type. Our work reveals an uncharacterized effector pathway among cytotoxic lymphocytes and establishes key molecular requirements for this unconventional pathway
Bielawska, Aleksandra Kiéda Claudine Duś Danuta. "Cytotoxicité des cellules tueuses naturelles vis à vis des cellules endothéliales organospécifiques vers une immunothérapie tumorale /." S. l. : S. l. : S. n. ; S. n, 2009. ftp://ftp.univ-orleans.fr/theses/aleksandra.bielawska_1191.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.
Cheminant, Morgane. "Rôle des récepteurs NK dans les lymphoproliférations T matures. Exemple des leucémies/lymphomes T de l'adulte associés à l'HTLV-1 et des lymphoproliférations T intestinales primitives." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS301.
Full textPeripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCLs) are heterogeneous entities whose classification has recently been revised. More than 25 entities are thus classified according to their clinico-biological presentation and their presumed cellular origin, justifying the in-depth study of their phenotype. NK receptors (NKRs) have been demonstrated in some cutaneous lymphomas. In addition, a less known intestinal lymphoma, called type II refractory celiac disease (RCDII), arises from an intraepithelial lymphocyte characterized by T and NK markers. These findings led us to evaluate the expression of NKRs on a representative panel of PTCLs, focusing on primary gastrointestinal (GI) T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (T-LPD) and HTLV-1 associated adult T leukemia/lymphoma (ATL).In ATL, we show that KIR3DL2 expression is mainly associated with acute-type ATL. HTLV-1 has a preferential tropism for KIR3DL2+ lymphocytes and may play a role in KIR3DL2 expression induction, combined with the hypomethylation status of KIR3DL2 promoter. The benefit of targeting KIR3DL2 by IPH4102 should be further investigating in acute ATL patients.In GI T-LPD, we show that NKp46 is a novel biomarker useful for diagnosis and therapeutic stratification, as NKp46 is a hallmark of RCDII tumor cells, shared by EATL. Strong preclinical rationale identifies anti-NKp46-PBD as a promising therapy for RCDII, EATL and MEITL.These results allowed us to discuss the cellular origin of these lymphomas and the role of NKRs in lymphomagenesis. From a translational point of view, NKRs could represent useful biomarkers in these entities that are sometimes difficult to individualize, and finally constitute an interesting therapeutic target
Quillet, Anne. "Role des antigenes hla classe i dans la susceptibilite a la cytotoxine naturelle nk/lak." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077142.
Full textJarousseau, Annie-Claude. "Susceptibilite des cellules choriocarcinomateuses bewo, jeg-3 et jar aux cytotoxicites nk, lak et ctl exercees par des lymphocytes sanguins humains ; etude de leurs proprietes adhesives vis-a-vis des effecteurs et du role des molecules de classe i du cmh a leur surface." Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR3310.
Full textCarré, Thibault. "Analyse des bases moléculaires de la résistance tumorale à la cytotoxicité spécifique et naturelle dans le contexte microenvironnemental." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T057.
Full textDuring antitumor immune response, cancer cells genetic instability combined with immune system selective pressure may drive to the emergence of tumor variant resistant to lysis by cytotoxic effector cells through a phenomenon called immunoediting. A better understanding of those mechanisms putatively involved in tumor susceptibility to natural and/or specific lysis would enable new integrative and more effective immunotherapeutic strategies. In this context, we studied a model of resistance to specific lysis linked to actin cytoskeleton remodeling (i). We showed that combined inhibition of actin interacting protein (caldesmone, ezrin, radixin and moesin) reduced tumor cells susceptibility to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) lysis. Moreover, we identified microRNAs differentially expressed between parental cell line and resistant variant and are currently studying their impact on tumor susceptibility to CTLs lysis. In order to depict the role of innate immunity Natural Killer (NK) cells selective pressure, on tumor cells and on the emergence of resistant variants, we also established a maintained coculture model of melanoma cells with NK cells (ii). Selected cells obtained were resistant to NK cells-mediated lysis (but still susceptible to CTLs-mediated specific lysis) and formed less contact and immune synapse with NK cells than parental cell line. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the reduced expression of B7-H6 (ligand of an NK cells activating receptor) partially contributing to the resistance phenotype. The expression of several genes involved in migration/invasion/adhesion is also modulated and some cell characteristics (cell growth in semi-solid medium, adhesion, migration) tend to reflect the acquisition through coculture of an increased aggressiveness. Finally, we evaluated the impact of connexin-43 (Cx43), involved in the establishment of Gap Junctions (GJs), on antitumor response (iii). We showed that despite localization at the immune synapse between tumor target cell and CTL, Cx43 and GJs do not modulate susceptibility to CTL-mediated specific lysis. Nevertheless, GJs contribute to the emergence of highly reactive specific CD8+ T lymphocytes following antigen stimulation
Verrier, Thomas. "Function and plasticity of NKp46 expressing innate lymphoid cells." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC173/document.
Full textGroup 3 Innate Lymphoid cells (ILC3) actively maintain mucosal homeostasis through the production of Interleukin-22 (IL-22). ILC3 encompass 2 major populations, LTi (« Lymphoid Tissue inducer »), characterized by the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR6, and ILC3 that express the transcription factor T-bet, which include a population expressing the surface marker NKp46, a receptor originally used to identify group 1 ILC (ILC1). ILC1 plays a major role in the defense against intracellular pathogens and anti-tumoral responses. Three major ILC1 populations have been identified: the cytotoxic lymphocytes « Natural Killer » (NK or ILC1b), which largely rely for on the transcription factor Eomes their generation and express the integrin CD49b; hepatic and intestinal ILC1 that depends on the T-bet transcription factor and express CD49a (ILC1a); and a population that expresses CD49a and CD49b (ILC1ab) and populates the salivary gland and the uterus, which is independent of the transcription factor Nfil3. My work aimed to understand the biology of NKp46 expressing ILC, as well as factor involved in their development, maturation and function. The major part of my work focuses on NKp46+ ILC3. First, we demonstrate a major role for the chemokine receptor CXCR6 in their localisation in the lamina propria villi (Satoh-Takayama et al. 2014). Second, I showed that NKp46+ ILC3 could lose NKp46 expression (Verrier et al. 2016). Induced by TGFβ, this loss of expression was associated with higher IL-22 production and by the acquisition of markers identifying LTi (CCR6, MHC-II), demonstrating NKp46+ ILC3 plasticity. Finally, in collaboration with Rachel Golub’s group, we confirmed a putative role for Notch-signaling in this plasticity (Chea et al. 2016). In this manuscript, I will discuss the development and the heterogeneity of ILC3, ILC1a, ILC1b and ILC1ab. All the results I generated support a dynamic vision of ILC biology, which reflects how they adapt in response to environmental cues. By characterizing the different actors involved in this dynamic process, my work could be used to design therapies aiming at controlling the equilibrium between these different populations in diverse pathologies such as cancer, viral infection, or intestinal diseases
Smalls-Mantey, Adjoa. "The innate immune effector cell response against HIV-1." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d97fadc3-bb4a-43dd-9138-6ab023aef60d.
Full textOh, Jun Seok. "Critical Roles of Cytomegalovirus-Induced Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Rituximab-Mediated Cancer Therapy." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36228.
Full textMachado, Tiago Clemente. "Novo papel da galectina-1 como molécula efetora de células citotóxicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-11072014-141421/.
Full textExocytosis of secretory granules is the main effector mechanism of CD8+ T cells. In particular, little is known about CTLs lytic granules composition. Previous results from our group identified a few dozens of new proteins associated with these granules. Among them, we identified galectin-1. Literature reports the extracellular action of Gal-1. Initial data from our group suggested a new scenario for this protein, since Gal-1 was found inside cytotoxic granules. Here, we show by transmission electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy and cytotoxicity assays that Gal-1 has a role on CTL killing probably mediating the FAS-FASL pathway. We also show that Gal-1 is regulates the time of contact between APCs and TCD8+ lymphocytes, the activation of APCs and the proliferation of CD8 T cells. Taken together, our findings suggest a new scenario, in which Gal-1 is present in CTL granules and participates in cytotoxic effector response.
Michaud, Annie. "Le récepteur de l'IL-7 sur les cellules NK matures humaines : nature et fonction." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7644.
Full textSamarani, Suzanne. "Les associations potentielles de gènes KIR avec la susceptibilité/résistance au développement de la maladie de Crohn." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21854.
Full textLewis, David. "Soypeptide lunasin in cytokine immunotherapy for lymphoma." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4845.
Full textImmunostimulatory cytokines can enhance anti-tumor immunity and are part of the therapeutic armamentarium for cancer treatment. We previously reported that chemotherapy-treated lymphoma patients acquire a deficiency of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 (STAT4), which results in defective IFNy production during clinical immunotherapy. With the goal of further improvement in cytokine-based immunotherapy, we examined the effects of a soybean peptide called lunasin that exhibits immunostimulatory effects on natural killer cells (NKCs). Peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and chemotherapy-treated lymphoma patients were stimulated with or without lunasin in the presence of IL-12 or IL-2. NK activation was evaluated, and its tumoricidal activity was assessed using in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was performed to evaluate the histone modification of gene loci that are regulated by lunasin and cytokine. Adding lunasin to IL-12- or IL-2-cultuted NK cells demonstrated synergistic effects in the induction of IFNG and genes involved in cytotoxicity. The combination of lunasin and cytokines (IL-12 plus IL-2) was capable of restoring IFNy production by NK cells from post-transplant lymphoma patients. In addition, NK cells stimulated with lunasin plus cytokines have higher tumoricidal activity than those stimulated with cytokines alone using in vitro tumor models. The underlying mechanism responsible for the effects of lunasin on NK cells is likely due to epigenetic modulation at target gene loci. Lunasin represents a different class of immune modulating agent that may augment the therapeutic responses mediated by cytokine-based immunotherapy.