Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules sanguines'
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Dupire, Jules. "Dynamique de cellules sanguines dans des microécoulements." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4090/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with dynamics of blood cells in microflow. This title regroups two aspects of my work. The first one studies the movement of red blood cells (RBC) under flow. Continuing the work done by M. Abkarian, M. Faivre and A. Viallat, we looked at RBCs in an oscillating shear flow and showed the presence of chaos in the motion (Dupire J. et al, PRL 104,168101 (2010) ). Then we continued the study of RBC under constant flow to understand the regime of motion that were still to elucidate (PNAS, accepted for publication). These works use a ellipsoidal fixed shape model (based on Keller and Skalak's) to which we add an elastic membrane term. To take into account the shape memory, we calculated again the equations of motion considering a new stress-free shape of the elastic cytoskeleton. It allows us to fit the model on the experimental data using viscosity and elasticity coefficient compatible with the litterature. The second part deals with the motion of white blood cell (WBC) in a microfluidic channel network. The device has a regular geometry and has biomimetic shape characteristics matching the human lung mean values. We aim to study how the cell's rheology is related to their motion through the device. We show how the entry of the cell, and thus their first deformation, can be used to obtain information about a single cell rheology (viscosity, elasticity, tension). The motion is then decomposed in 2 phases : a transient regime right after the entrance and a final stationary regime. We study these regimes in terms of cellular deformation and wall friction
Rice, Alison Mary. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des cellules souches sanguines mobilisées par chimiothérapie." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28240.
Full textManaargadoo-Catin, Magalie. "Etude des interactions entre les cellules sanguines et les tensioactifs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS029/document.
Full textSurfactants such as saponins are employed, in the haematology field, as erythrolytic agent in order to count and to identify different leukocyte populations, which are typically thousand times less abundant than erythrocytes. These saponins are used for erythrocytes selective lysis in HORIBA Medical reagents. This thesis aimed to study the action of different surfactants on red blood cells in order to have a better understanding of surfactants/membrane interactions. The first project involved the observation and the characterization of saponins effects on erythrocytes by microscopic and spectrophotometric methods, in order to understand saponins selectivity regarding erythrocytes. We have thus demonstrated the participation of cholesterol, transporters such as band 3 and erythrocyte cytoskeleton during saponins lysis. In a second study, investigations have been performed in order to identify surfactants properties required to get a suitable erythrocyte lysing agent. We have chosen two surfactants families: non-ionic surfactants of the polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers series and anionic amino acid-based surfactants. These studies are focused on the relation between surfactants erythrolytic potency and some physico-chemical parameters such as the critical micellar concentration (CMC), the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB), the surfactants membrane / water partition coefficient (Kb) and the packing parameter (P). We have thus shown that the global consideration of all these physico-chemical parameters was necessary to predict surfactants interactions with the erythrocytes membrane. Finally, the lytic effects of surfactants on leukocytes were studied in flow cytometry to verify leukocytes integrity during different lysis. The results obtained in this thesis make possible the future development of hematological reagent for leukocytes differentiation
Hamroun, Ryad-Dalil. "Endothélines et cellules mégacaryoblastiques." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON13524.
Full textBouffard, Pascal. "Infection des cellules d'origine hématopoiétique par le virus de l'hépatite B humaine." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T064.
Full textHainos-Godon, Stéphanie Geneviève Franck. "Le nombre et les fonctions des blastes dans le sang périphérique permettent-ils d'aider au diagnostic de la phase précoce des syndromes myélodysplasiques ?" [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHhainos.pdf.
Full textHUMPICH, ISABELLE. "Utilisation de l'elutriation dans la purification des cellules sanguines : application aux monocytes." Strasbourg 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR15022.
Full textOuzegdouh, Yasmine. "Etude de l'effet du microenvironnement médullaire sur la production plaquettaire de l'homme." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077057.
Full textBone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs), in order to achieve terminal maturation, migrate from the osteoblastic niche to the vascular niche, close to the medullary sinusoids. In order to release platelets, MKs extend cytoplasmic extensions in the lumen of the sinusoid followed by platelet release. Therefore, in the présent work, we have compared the role of stromal and endothelial cells combined with shear stress on MKs late differentiation and platelet production. MKs were grown from umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells and co-cultured with stromal or endothelial cells between day 10 and day 13 of culture. The results showed that stromal cells inhibited proplatelet and platelet formation from MKs, slowed down apoptosis while enhancing development of demarcation membranes. In contrast, when co-cultured with endothelial cells, MKs extended numerous and prominent proplatelets. When submitted to shear stress, they produced 4. 8 times more platelets compared with MKs cultured in the absence of endothelial cells. We have also examined the fate of MKs polyploid nuclei, grown from bone marrow CD34+ cells under high shear stress and found that nuclear lobes could separate in parallel with cytoplasm division; this was followed by proplatelet fragmentation. In conclusion, this study shows an antagonist effect of stromal and endothelial cells on human platelet production. It also shows that shear stress is able to induce nuclear as well as cytoplasmic MKs fragmentation, leading to a new anatomical concept of circulating and platelet shedding MKs subunits
Nicolas-Gaulard, Isabelle. "Activité immunomodulatrice d'une protéine, l'hypodermine A, sur les cellules sanguines mononucléées des bovins." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120031.
Full textMunier, Anne-Isabelle. "Reconnaissance du non-soi infectieux et prolifération des cellules sanguines chez la drosophile." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13031.
Full textGuilloteau, Denis. "Contribution à l'étude de la métaiodobenzylguanidine : une nouvelle molécule pour l'exploration du système APUD." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR3803.
Full textBitbol, Michel. "Etude de l'orientation érythrocytaire, et des effets d'entrée d'une suspension sanguine dans un écoulement capillaire plan." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077008.
Full textBlanchet, Benoit. "Evaluation de l'intérêt de la détermination de l'activité calcineurine au sein des cellules sanguines mononucléées chez des patients transplantés hépatiques traités par tacrolimus." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN12503.
Full textRuchaud-Sparagano, Marie-Hélène. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la P-sélectine (CD62P) : une protéine exprimée par les plaquettes et les cellules endothéliales activées." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10168.
Full textJobin, Christine. "Expansion ex vivo des cellules CD34+ du sang adulte : étude du microenvironnement et caractérisation des cellules générées en condition d'hypoxie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27068.
Full textMahdi, Tarek. "Etude du rôle de p53 dans la prolifération, la différenciation et l'apoptose des cellules sanguines." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2346.
Full textJurdic, Pierre. "Etude de la différenciation hémopoïétique, chez le poulet, au moyen de rétrovirus exprimant des protéines oncogènes nucléaires." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10007.
Full textBlanchet, Benoit. "Evaluation de l'intérêt de la détermination de l'activité calcineurine au sein des cellules sanguines mononucléées chez des patients transplantés hépatiques traités par tacrolimus." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10223.
Full textBarrick, Andrew. "Ecotoxicological study of the impact of nanomaterials on marine mussels through a high throughput screening approach." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4042/document.
Full textNanotechnology is an emerging field that is considered the industrial revolution of the 21st century. In this context, Manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) will inevitably be released into the aquatic environment. In the objective of MNM regulation, the aim is to implement a read-across (grouping) approach based on high throughput screening (HTS) techniques as a way of quickly prescreening many MNMs in a cost-effective manner. Regulation is also focused on developing safe(r)-by-design (SbD) concept to integrate safety into the production of products. In this sense, for this work, an HTS platform on Mytilus edulis hemocytes has been developed using endpoints for cell viability as well as gene expression. Industrial case studies were investigated in in vitro testing following the HTS approach. In parallel an in vivo approach was assessed to determine if both testing strategies would come to the same conclusions on which product was SbD. In addition, a wide array of MNMs were also tested for effects on cell viability to establish a relevant database to investigate a grouping approach for MNM. This work demonstrated the relevance of using an HTS platform for M. edulis hemocytes to prescreen MNMs for environmental risk. Gene expression also provides a promising framework for investigating modes actions for MNM toxicity as well as the potential to develop adverse outcome pathways for SbD. This thesis established a preliminary database for ecotoxicology that could be implemented in a regulatory approach for NMs
Le, Friec Gaëlle. "Isoformes membranaires et solubles de HLA-G lors de la différenciation hématopoi͏̈étique normale et/ou pathologique : expression et étude fonctionnelle." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10085.
Full textUbeda, Jean-Michel. "Les cellules sanguines de drosophile : Etude transcriptionnelle et analyse génétique de leur réponse à une infection parasitaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/UBEDA_Jean-Michel_2005.pdf.
Full textDrosophila have three blood cells (or hemocytes) types: plasmatocytes are professional phagocytes, crystal cells are involved in melanization reactions that accompanies immune defenses, and lamellocytes ensure parasites encapsulation. In a first project, we studied the transcriptional profiling of activities of distinct hemocyte populations and from naïve or infected larvae, using Affymetryx microarray. One outcome was the gain of new insights into the lamellocyte encapsulation process. A second compelling observation is that, after an immune challenge, Drosophila hemocytes produce a signal molecule that is essential to induce the immune reactions. The establishment of the transcriptional profiling of Drosophila hemocytes represents a useful tool for future studies on hemocyte functions. In my main research project, I investigated the role of Collier (Col) in the Drosophila larval hematopoiesis. Col is the unique Drosophila orthologue of the mammalian transactivator EBF, an important factor for B cell differentiation. We showed the critical requirement for Col activity in lamellocytes’ specification. Col is first expressed during embryogenesis, in the progenitors of the hematopoïetic organ. During larval stages, col is expressed in this organ in a signalling centre for hemaotopoiesis. We suggest that Col give the capacity to relay an instructive signal emitted by plasmatocytes upon their encounter with a parasite. In our model, these cells synthesise a signal S2 that orients precursors towards the lamellocyte fate. We then identified the gene CG14225, which encodes a transmembrane protein homologous of the mammalian gp130 receptor. Our first analysis revealed that CG14225 is a good candidate to encode the receptor for S2. I have developed two different strategies to generate a loss-of-function mutation for CG14225. The null mutant will enable us to conclude about this gene‘s implication in the Drosophila hematopoietic processes
Bryckaert, Marie Claude. "Interactions du facteur de croissance dérivé des plaquettes (PDGF) avec ses cellules cibles : plaquettes et fibroplastes." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066729.
Full textCorot, Claire. "Étude des mécanismes d'interactions des produits de contraste iodés avec des protéines plasmatiques et des cellules sanguines." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T239.
Full textPierga, Jean-Yves. "Recherche et caractérisation phénotypique et génotypique des cellules tumorales médullaires et sanguines dans les cancers du sein." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA11TO26.
Full textMagalhaes, Milena. "La méthylation de l'ADN est altérée dans les cellules nasales et sanguines des patients atteints de mucoviscidose." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT024.
Full textCystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-threatening recessive genetic disease in the Caucasian population. It is characterized by airway obstruction, respiratory infection and inflammation. Morbidity and mortality are mainly due to lung disease, which is variable among CF patients, even for those having the same genotype. Contributing factors are mutations in CFTR (the disease-causing gene), modifier genes, but also environmental factors and epigenetics. The main goal of this project was to determine whether there was a correlation between DNA methylation and the severity of CF lung disease. We built the METHYLCF cohort (49 p.Phe508del homozygous CF patients and 24 healthy controls) and a DNA biobank from whole blood and nasal epithelial cells (NEC). CF patients were stratified accordion to their FEV1% predicted, adjusted to age. We profiled DNA methylation at 14 modifier genes using bisulfite conversion and next-generation sequencing (454 Roche). Genome-wide DNA methylation was analyzed with the 450K Beadchip (Illumina). Selected differentially methylated sites (DMS) were validated by pyrosequencing. Using the candidate modifier gene approach, we showed that two CF modifier genes were differentially methylated in CF patients compared to controls: EDNRA in blood and HMOX1 in blood and NEC. Methylation of EDNRA, HMOX1 and GSTM3 was associated with lung disease severity in NEC. Interestingly, low DNA methylation levels at GSTM3 were associated with the GSTM3*B allele, a polymorphic 3-bp deletion that has a protective effect on CF patients. In addition, through the genome-wide analysis, we identified 1267 DMS, associated with 638 genes, between CF patients and controls and 187 DMS, associated with 116 genes, between severe CF and mild CF patients. DMS were enriched at predicted enhancers, which may represent regulatory sequences, and also at intergenic regions. Gene ontology analyses highlighted cellular processes relevant to CF, i.e. cell adhesion and inflammatory and immune response. Interestingly, 80 out of 638 differentially methylated genes were differentially expressed in publicly available NEC transcriptomic data. Six out of 9 selected DMS were validated and five out of six DMS were replicated in an independent set of patients. Additionally, 23 DMS, 10 of which were intergenic, correlated with FEV1% predicted. Our study has shown that DNA methylation is altered in blood and NEC of CF patients. Small DNA methylation changes were observed at known CF modifier genes; more dramatic DNA methylation changes were found at other genes that may impact lung function. Collectively, these epigenomic variations may lead to different degrees of lung disease severity in CF patients
Claudel, Julien. "Spectroscopie d'impédance électrique par biocapteur à micro-électrodes : application à la cytométrie de flux de cellules sanguines." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0169/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the implementation and validation of a microfluidic bioimpedance sensor for cytometric measures in the frequency range ( 100kHz - 10MHz ) of biological cells ( blood cells) combined with a microfluidic device. The first chapter introduces the electrical and dielectric properties of living tissues and summarizes the state of the art. The effects of each element of the cells on the overall measured impedance are described, as well as the associated models. A state of the art, on the bioimpedance macroscopic measurements unit cell is outlined in the second chapter. Measurements by flow cytometry and the possible use of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices as actuators are also studied. The third chapter deals with analytical modeling and simulation by the finite element method of unit cells by microelectrodes of different geometries. 3D simulations were done showing the best configuration for the electrodes design. The results of this section were used to determine the best geometry, their sensibilities, and their answers. The sensor design is described in the fourth chapter. Technological constraints related to its micro- fabrication techniques feasibility and biocompatibility of materials are developed. Flows validation tests were done and are described. The fifth and final chapter focuses on the measurement of cells and particles. In a first step, calibration tests were carried out to determine the form factor of the electrodes and the parasitic impedances. Measurements on cells and particles were used to validate the results obtained in simulation, as well as discrimination based particles tested their dimensions
Claudel, Julien. "Spectroscopie d'impédance électrique par biocapteur à micro-électrodes : application à la cytométrie de flux de cellules sanguines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0169.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the implementation and validation of a microfluidic bioimpedance sensor for cytometric measures in the frequency range ( 100kHz - 10MHz ) of biological cells ( blood cells) combined with a microfluidic device. The first chapter introduces the electrical and dielectric properties of living tissues and summarizes the state of the art. The effects of each element of the cells on the overall measured impedance are described, as well as the associated models. A state of the art, on the bioimpedance macroscopic measurements unit cell is outlined in the second chapter. Measurements by flow cytometry and the possible use of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices as actuators are also studied. The third chapter deals with analytical modeling and simulation by the finite element method of unit cells by microelectrodes of different geometries. 3D simulations were done showing the best configuration for the electrodes design. The results of this section were used to determine the best geometry, their sensibilities, and their answers. The sensor design is described in the fourth chapter. Technological constraints related to its micro- fabrication techniques feasibility and biocompatibility of materials are developed. Flows validation tests were done and are described. The fifth and final chapter focuses on the measurement of cells and particles. In a first step, calibration tests were carried out to determine the form factor of the electrodes and the parasitic impedances. Measurements on cells and particles were used to validate the results obtained in simulation, as well as discrimination based particles tested their dimensions
Kurbatova, Polina. "Modélisation hybride de l'érythropoïèse et des maladies sanguines." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752835.
Full textLarvor, Lydie. "Etude de formes familiales autosomiques dominantes de la maladie de Parkinson." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S033.
Full textHerbinière, Juline. "Contribution à la mise en évidence des effecteurs impliqués dans l'immunité innée d'Armadillidium vulgare, crustacé isopode terrestre infecté par une bactérie du genre Wolbachia." Poitiers, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011699.
Full textBlood cells play a major role in the innate immunity of Crustacea. These defense mechanisms include the cellular and the humoral response. Setting up different reliable technics, we contribute to the break down of the immune response in the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare free or infected with Wolbachia (a Gram(-) bacterium, parasite of reproduction). Besides the specific assignment of the cellular function relevant to the different hemocyte types, our study led to the purification and characterization of an antibacterial peptide, activity of which is directed against Gram(+). Moreover, we showed that the processing of the C- terminal part of hemocyanin liberated a peptide potent against growth inhibition of the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinirea. Applied to our model, the proteomic approach confirmed the presence of numerous proteins yet characterized and implied in the two aspects of the immune response of Arthropods. The Wolbachia impact on the immune system was not clearly demonstrated however we stressed on its negative effect on hemocyte cytoskeleton stability
Lemaître, Dominique. "Régulation de la glutathion peroxydase par les acides gras polyinsaturés, en particulier l'acide docosahexaénoïque, au niveau des plaquettes sanguines humaines." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0094.
Full textThe role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on human platelet glutathione peroxidase GPx) was studied. GPx catalyzes the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides into their corresponding alcohol derivatives and regulates the formation of eicosanoids. Among all polyunsaturated fatty acids tested, PUFAs of marine origin (n-3 PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), induced a significant increased GPx activity. Such an increase was associated with an enhanced immunoreactive amount of GPx as assessed by the "Western blotting" procedure. The effects of DHA on GPx were abolished by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of translation, suggesting an increased protein synthesis at the origin of the effect observed. The incorporation of DHA in platelets induced a significant oxidative stress as assessed by both increased malondialdehyde level and decreased vitamin E content in the cells. The flavonoid epicatechin suppressed the DHA-induced oxidative stress and also abolished the enhancement of GPx amount and activity. These results suggest that the oxidative stress induced by DHA might induce an increased GPx expression. After the 2-hour incubation of platelets with DHA, this fatty acid was incorporated in membrane phospholipids while the amount of unesterified arachidonic acid (AA) was higher. AA was also able to increase the GPx activity which suggests that this fatty acid could be: involved in the GPx activation. The-active form (DHA, AA or derived metabolites) responsible for the induced GPx synthesis remains to be defined. The mechanism of GPx stimulation could result from the increased protein mass and suggests a post-transcriptional effect, considering the absence of nucleus in platelets
Flores-Delgado, Guillermo. "Intéractions cellules endothéliales-plaquettes et activation de protéinases neutres : contribution à l'étude et à l'utilisation d'un inhibiteur d'une thiol-métalloprotéinase (EC 3.4.24.15)." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120070.
Full textChampagne, de Labriolle-Vaylet Claire. "Aspects radiobiologiques du marquage des leucocytes par le HMPAO-Tc99m chez l'homme." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120020.
Full textBeaudreuil, Johann. "Etude de l'expression des isoformes du récepteur humain de la calcitonine à partir des cellules mononuclées sanguines et dans la lignée cellulaire T47D." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077201.
Full textPlenchette, Stéphanie. "Acteurs moléculaires de l'apoptose dans le vieillissement et la différenciation des cellules hématopoi͏̈étiques." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOMU17.
Full textSune, Albert. "Diffusion transverse de phospholipides dans la membrane plasmique de cellules sanguines : étude par résonance paramagnétique et microscopie électronique." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON13513.
Full textNkiliza, Aurore. "Intérêt du transcriptome de cellules mononucléées périphériques sanguines dans l’étude des mécanismes moléculaires de la maladie de Parkinson." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S058/document.
Full textParkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with genetic determinants not only contributing to rare familial forms of the disease but also involved in prevalent sporadic forms by interacting with environmental factors. Thanks to the identification of these determinants, several molecular mechanisms contributing to the disease have been found highlighting also its complexity. In order to better understand the molecular perturbations underlying the disease, we performed whole transcriptome analyses using microarrays and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Parkinson’s disease patients with genetic and sporadic forms of the disease as well as healthy controls.We identified several dysregulated genes in the cells of Parkinson’s disease patients with a G2019S LRRK2 mutation and sporadic patients compared to healthy controls. Pathways and cellular processes related to those genes mainly display disturbances of EIF2 signaling common to G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers and sporadic patients. These data pinpoint potential perturbations of translation and RNA splicing both related to RNA metabolism. Involvement of RNA metabolism is also observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Parkinson’s disease patients carrying mutations of ATXN2 gene encoding for ataxin-2 protein. It is mainly known as a regulator of the stability, the splicing and the translation of mRNA. Such RNA-mediated perturbations seem to be a common to all forms of Parkinson’s disease and might be a physiological mechanism of the disease. RNAseq data from Parkinson’s disease patients having or not deleterious mutations are in agreement with this hypothesis showing quantitative and qualitative discrepancies of splicing variants inside genes involved in RNA metabolism but also in known molecular pathways of the disease.As a conclusion, our results support the current view of RNA metabolism association with neurodegenerative disorders. In Parkinson’s disease, those alterations could involve quantitative and qualitative variations of splicing variants inside genes involved in RNA metabolism but also in known perturbed molecular pathways of the disease. Further analyses of these dysregulations should be helpful to determine their specificity and evaluate their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Mercier, Nathalie. "Identification de sites fonctionnels sur les récepteurs CD36 et CD62P au moyen de peptides de synthèse dérivés de leur séquence : implication dans les phénomènes d'adhésion cellulaire." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10148.
Full textBarrick, Andrew. "Ecotoxicological study of the impact of nanomaterials on marine mussels through a high throughput screening approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4042.
Full textNanotechnology is an emerging field that is considered the industrial revolution of the 21st century. In this context, Manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) will inevitably be released into the aquatic environment. In the objective of MNM regulation, the aim is to implement a read-across (grouping) approach based on high throughput screening (HTS) techniques as a way of quickly prescreening many MNMs in a cost-effective manner. Regulation is also focused on developing safe(r)-by-design (SbD) concept to integrate safety into the production of products. In this sense, for this work, an HTS platform on Mytilus edulis hemocytes has been developed using endpoints for cell viability as well as gene expression. Industrial case studies were investigated in in vitro testing following the HTS approach. In parallel an in vivo approach was assessed to determine if both testing strategies would come to the same conclusions on which product was SbD. In addition, a wide array of MNMs were also tested for effects on cell viability to establish a relevant database to investigate a grouping approach for MNM. This work demonstrated the relevance of using an HTS platform for M. edulis hemocytes to prescreen MNMs for environmental risk. Gene expression also provides a promising framework for investigating modes actions for MNM toxicity as well as the potential to develop adverse outcome pathways for SbD. This thesis established a preliminary database for ecotoxicology that could be implemented in a regulatory approach for NMs
Berthet, Julien. "Rôle fonctionnel du Toll-Like Receptor 4 exprimé par les plaquettes sanguines en tant que cellules inflammatoires de l'immunité." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673243.
Full textLê, Minh Tan. "Adsorption de fibrinogène et de kininogène à l'interface silice-solution. Etude de la dynamique de l'adsorption compétitive à partir de mélanges par une technique à deux isotopes." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20212.
Full textDemin, Ivan. "Modélisations mathématiques de l’hématopoïèse et des maladies sanguines." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10333/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is devoted to mathematical modelling of haematopoiesis and blood diseases. We investigate several models, which deal with different and complementary aspects of haematopoiesis.The first part of the thesis concerns a multi-scale model of erythropoiesis where intracellular regulatory networks, which determine cell choice between self-renewal, differentiation and apoptosis, are coupled with dynamics of cell populations. Using experimental data on anemia in mice, we evaluate the roles of different feedback mechanisms in response to stress situations. At the next stage of modelling, spatial cell distribution in the bone marrow is taken into account, the question which has not been studied before. We describe normal haematopoiesis with a system of reaction-diffusion-convection equations and prove existence of a stationary cell distribution. We then introduce malignant cells into the model. For some parameter values the disease free solution becomes unstable and another one, which corresponds to leukaemia, appears. This leads to the formation of tumour which spreads in the bone marrow as a travelling wave. The speed of its propagation is studied analytically and numerically. Bone marrow cells exchange different signals that regulate cell behaviour. We study, next, an integro-differential equation which describes cell communication and prove the existence of travelling wave solutions using topological degree and the Leray-Schauder method. Individual based approach is used to study distribution of different cell types in the bone marrow. Finally, we investigate a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics model of leukaemia treatment with AraC drug. AraC acts as chemotherapy, inducing apoptosis of all proliferating cells, normal and malignant. Pharmacokinetics provides the evolution of intracellular AraC. This, in turn, determines cell population dynamics and, consequently, efficacy of treatment with different protocols
Kurbatova, Polina. "Modélisation hybride de l’érythropoïèse et des maladies sanguines." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10258/document.
Full textThis dissertation is devoted to the development of new methods of mathematical modeling in biology and medicine, off-lattice discrete-continuous hybrid models, and their applications to modelling of hematopoiesis and blood disorders, such as leukemia and anemia. In this approach, biological cells are considered as discrete objects while intracellular and extracellular networks are described with continuous models, ordinary or partial differential equations. Cells interact mechanically and biochemically between each other and with the surrounding medium. They can divide, die by apoptosis or differentiate. Their fate is determined by intracellular regulation and influenced by local control from the surrounding cells or by global regulation from other organs. In the first part of the thesis, hybrid models with off-lattice cell dynamics are introduced. Model examples specific for biological processes and describing competition between cell proliferation and apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation and between cell cycling and quiescent state are investigated. Biological pattern formation with hybrid models is discussed. Application to bacteria filament is illustrated. In the next chapter, hybrid model are applied in order to model erythropoiesis, red blood cell production in the bone marrow. The model includes immature blood cells, erythroid progenitors, which can self-renew, differentiate or die by apoptosis, more mature cells, reticulocytes, which influence erythroid progenitors by means of growth factor Fas-ligand, and macrophages, which are present in erythroblastic islands in vivo. Intracellular and extracellular regulation by proteins and growth factors are specified and the feedback by the hormones erythropoietin and glucocorticoids is taken into account. The role of macrophages to stabilize erythroblastic islands is shown. Comparison of modelling with experiments on anemia in mice is carried out. The following chapter is devoted to leukemia modelling and treatment. Erythroleukemia, a subtype of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML), develops due to insufficient differentiation of erythroid progenitors and their excessive slef-renewal. A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics (PBPKPD) model of leukemia treatment with AraC drug and chronotherapeutic treatments of leukemia are examined. Comparison with clinical data on blast count in blood is carried out. The last chapter deals with the passage from a hybrid model to a continuous model in the 1D case. A convergence theorem is proved. Numerical simulations confirm a good agreement between these approaches
Beucher, Bertrand. "Spécificité antigénique de l'Als3p de Candida albicans et implication de cette protéine dans l'interaction avec les constituants de l'hôte." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346346.
Full textComminges, Cécile. "Implication des ether-phospholipides lors de la transduction du signal dans les cellules musculaires lisses d'aorte de porc." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30091.
Full textCrauste, Fabien. "Etude mathématique d'équations aux dérivées partielles hyperboliques modélisant les processus de régulation des cellules sanguines - Applications aux maladies hématologiques cycliques." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009632.
Full textMutez, Eugénie. "Apport du transcriptome des cellules mononucléées sanguines à l'étude de cas familiaux et sporadiques atteints de la maladie de Parkinson." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912324.
Full textMutez, Eugénie. "Apport du transcriptome des cellules mononucléées sanguines à l’étude de cas familiaux et sporadiques atteints de la maladie de Parkinson." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S033/document.
Full textParkinson's disease (PD) is prone to misdiagnosis particularly in the early stages. A better understanding of the deleterious mechanisms is essential to identify therapeutic targets and detect the disease earlier. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) play a role in the deleterious cascade and reflect molecular events associated with PD. Moreover, the study of genetically determined forms of PD enables the identification of subjects at a very early. We hypothesized that PBMCs could be an interesting model to study some mechanisms reflecting the neurodegeneration even at an early stage of the disease. Therefore, we conducted transcriptomic studies in different groups of PD subjects or patients with mutations in order to detect deregulated genes and signaling pathways.We first studied the gene expression profile of PD subjects with the mutation G2019S of the LRRK2 gene. Analysis of microarrays identified disturbances in cell signaling pathways involved in PD. Alterations in the MAPK pathway, the actin cytoskeleton and vesicular transport, associated with the pathogenesis of LRRK2, were noted. The list of deregulated genes separates individuals based on their genetic status including an asymptomatic subject. G2019S LRRK2 mutation is associated to a particular gene expression profile identifiable in PBMCs even at early stage.Then we investigated another form of genetically determined by duplication of SNCA gene. We better characterized the relationship between genotype and clinical phenotype of the subjects. The duplication extends 4.928 Mb, contains 31 genes and results from non-allelic homologous recombination. The analysis of the expression of genes in the PBMCs of a subject carrying the mutation at preclinical stage showed overexpression of SNCA.We compared PBMCs gene expression of G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers, SNCA duplication carrier and also sporadic PD patients. Our analysis showed that carriers of the LRRK2 mutation and sporadic PD patients have common deregulated signaling pathways that reflect the PD pathogenesis. By contrast, pathways deregulated in the subject with SNCA duplication reflect the pathogenesis of SNCA. In addition, we looked at the expression of SNCA isoforms in PBMCs of these three groups of individuals. Sporadic and LRRK2 patients showed a decreased expression of four isoforms of SNCA in their PBMCs. However, in the duplicated subject, only isoform 112 was overexpressed.Then we used this technology to identify molecular pathways associated with spino-cerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), which provides rarely a parkinsonian phenotype and compared with subjects with a cerebellar phenotype. Again, we identified deregulation of gene expression associated with SCA2 pathogenesis, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and actin cytoskeleton in PBMCs of subjects with parkinsonian and metabolism of RNA and inositol phosphate in cerebellar subjects.Finally, we looked at gene expression in PBMCs according to the evolutionary and clinical stage of PD including individuals at a very early. We compared their gene expression profiles with more advanced PD patients. From the early stages, we observed a deregulation of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways that control cell survival; these findings underscore the importance of these biological pathways in the development of PD.In conclusion, we demonstrated that PBMCs are an interesting model. The transcriptomic studies can get insight into the mechanisms associated with early stages of degeneration and into biological markers, such as SNCA. This technique could be applied in a larger number of subjects including other neurodegenerative diseases to detect specific diagnostic markers of PD
Corlier, Fabian. "Étude de l’imagerie amyloïde cérébrale et de l’élargissement des endosomes dans les cellules sanguines au cours de la maladie d’Alzheimer." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066687/document.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnostic is based on clinical and biological criteria, and is dependent on impairment of the episodic memory together with a marker of the underlying pathophysiologic process. One of the earliest events in AD pathology in the brain is formation of Amyloid deposits in the extracellular space. One of the main subcellular sites of amyloid-β (Aβ) production from amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing is the endosomal compartment. Appearance of endosomal abnormalities precede the formation of amyloid deposits, in the brain areas affected by disease progression in AD. In the present work we first studied brain amyloid load in patients with posterior cortical atrophy using [11C]PiB ligand retention in positron emitting tomography (PET). In a second part we studied the endosomal compartment in peripheral cells (fibroblasts and mononuclear leucocytes, PBMC) from AD patients, and in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) from Down’s syndrome (DS) individuals where a third copy of amyloid-precursor-protein-coding gene located on chromosome 21 is known to initiate early Alzheimer’s pathology in most DS individuals. Our work shows similar profiles in topography and intensity of [PiB] binding in AD and posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), confirming underlying AD pathology in atypical focal presentations of AD. Analysis of endosomes yielded a significant increase in the frequency of cells with large endosomes in all analyzed cell types, and mean endosome volume correlated to [PiB] binding in PBMC. This result indicates that modifications of the endosomal compartment are seen in the periphery of central nervous system and may represent diagnostic tool from blood
Navarro, Laurent. "Applications de la chimie bio-orthogonale au radiomarquage de vecteurs immunologiques à l’iode et à l’astate pour l’oncologie nucléaire." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4103.
Full textHeavy radiohalogens are increasingly studied in the field of nuclear medicine, whether for imaging (iodine radioisotopes) or for targeted radiotherapy with astatine-211. However, current methods for coupling these radionuclides to immunological vectors lead to low yields and random binding sites that can slow down transfer to clinical applications. In order to overcome these limitations, new radiolabeling approaches based on bioorthogonal chemistry have been studied to improve the coupling process of these radioisotopes. The first part of this thesis details the comparative study between different bioorthogonal systems in order to identify the most suitable for antibodies labeling with heavy halogens. In that aim, a set of precursors with clickable functions were designed and radiolabeled with I-125 and At-211.Conjugation kinetics were studied on model peptides bearing clickable functions complementary to those present on the radiolabeled precursors. The second part concerns the development of new immunological vectors with single radiolabeling site using bioorthogonal chemistry. A trifunctional linker with a clickable radiolabeling function has been developed allowing two proteins to be coupled, resulting in a new vector with a controlled radiolabeling site. The results obtained offer new perspectives in the development of radiolabeled vectors in nuclear oncology