Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules souches hématopoïétiques – Croissance'
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Giroux, Catherine. "Effets du traitement à l'hémine sur l'expansion et la différenciation des cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30248.
Full textHuman hemin, commercialized as Normosang® or Panhematin®, is a therapeutic agent approved for the treatment of acute attacks of porphyria, a genetic disease causing a malfunction of the heme biosynthesis pathway. Recently, the treatment of a patient with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia and reticulocytopenia was managed by a hematologist from Héma-Québec. The treatment of this patient with Normosang® has, among other things, contributed to the increasing erythrocyte levels and contributed to the complete recovery of this patient. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effects of hemin on the expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic cord blood stem cells in a culture media favoring erythroid differentiation. Results show that hemin has a positive effect on cell growth during their erythroid differentiation. The results show that hemin also appears to have an effect on erythroid precursors. Differentiation analysis points to a possible role for hemin in the stimulation of erythroid differentiation as well as enucleation. More knowledge on the subject could ultimately support a larger spectrum of clinical applications.
Le, Clech Mikaël. "Caractérisation d'un élément répresseur du gène TAL-1 dans le tissu hématopoi͏̈étique." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20138.
Full textBourette, Roland. "Expression fonctionnelle du récepteur du CSF-1 humain dans les cellules hématopoïétiques murines." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10286.
Full textLopez, Ponte Adriana. "Etude des facteurs intervenant dans la migration des cellules souches de la moelle osseuse adulte." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4002.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the molecular and cellular factors involved in the migration process of bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Firstly, we investigated the direct effect of G-CSF on human stromal cells that could favor the emigration of hematopoietic cells from the niche. Our results indicate that G-CSF can directly induce BM MSCs to promote hematopoietic cell emigration from the niche through a MMP-dependant mechanism involving MMP2. Secondly, we evaluated the in vitro response of MSCs, pre-incubated or not with inflammatory cytokines, using a migration assay. We showed that MSCs are able to migrate in response to the growth factors PDGFAB and IGF1, and the chemokines RANTES, MDC and SDF1. We next studied in vivo MSC mobilization capacity in a model of hypoxic rats. We found that hypoxia dramatically increased circulating rMSCs. Interestingly, plasmas from hypoxic rats displayed a strong chemotactic activity for normal rMSCs
Perruche, Sylvain. "Approche cellulaire basée sur l'utilisation de cellules apoptotiques pour favoriser la prise de greffe et l'induction de tolérance en allogreffe de cellules hématopoïétiques." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA3001.
Full textDebeissat, Christelle. "Rôle des basses concentrations en oxygène dans la préservation et la quiescence des cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21494.
Full textHaematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow and allows the permanent and controlled production of peripheral blood cells from haematopoietic stem cell (HSC). HSC are characterized by their long term hematopoietic reconstitution capacity, and their maintenance depends on 2 major functional equilibriums : self-renewal vs differentiation, and quiescence vs proliferation. Haematopoietic differentiation follows the oxygen (O2) gradient in the bone marrow : most primitive cells reside in low oxygenated endosteal areas, while differentiated haematopoietic cells are located in more oxygenated (4-5 % O2) juxta-vascular areas. These oxygen tensions are central in control and preservation of hematopoietic homeostasis. We confirm that culture at 0,9 % O2 maintains primitive progenitors and haematopoietic stem cell capable of hematopoietic reconstitution, while culture at 20 % O2 makes them disappear. Hypoxia-related HSC preservation is independent of a paracrine or autocrine VEGF loop, and is not modified by VEGF165 addition in the culture, whatever the O2 concentration. Furthermore, some of our unexpected results suggest that some media contain hypoxia-mimicking molecules that could maintain and even expend HSC in 20 % O2 culture. In addition, very low oxygen tension (0,1 % O2) induces primitive haematopoietic cell quiescence. We showed that in an haematopoietic primitive cell line (FDCP-mix), this quiescence is associated with retinoblastoma (Rb) protein hypophosphorylation and increased p27 expression, without apoptosis induction
Peulve, Pascal. "Inhibition de la croissance, in vitro, des cellules hématopoïétiques humaines par les surnageants de cultures de la lignée Raji." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES022.
Full textMiri, Nezhad Ayda. "Etude du rôle des régulateurs Post-transcriptionnels Pumilio dans les cellules souches hématopoïétiques humaines." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05S003.
Full textEx vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) could improve new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors. Our team had developed an original method to expand human HSCs, consisting in the transfer into these cells of active HOXB4 or HOXC4 homeoproteins. The comparative transcriptomic analysis of CD34+ cells exposed or not to HOXB4 or HOXC4 proteins induced over-expression of Pumilio (PUF) genes. PUF proteins are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They are involved in different biological functions among which the maintenance of stem cells. However, the function of human PUF factors (hPum1 and hPum2) in hematopoietic stem cells has never been investigated. The work that I developed during my thesis first consisted in analyzing the expression of PUF factors in different hematopoietic cell lines and during human hematopoiesis. The results highlighted a high expression of the hPum1 en hPum2 genes in the most immature cells and in the proliferating active progenitors. The study of human PUF factors by inducing their inhibition using specific shRNAs revealed their involvement in proliferation and survival of CD34+ cells. In vitro, inhibition of hPum1 or hPum2 decreases the expansion of human HSCs and increases cell apoptosis. The hPum1 or hPum2 repression also increases the number of HSCs in G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, the inhibition of hPum1 or hPum2 reduces the capacity of human HSCs to reconstitute in vivo hematopoiesis of immunodeficient NOD-SCID-γC-/- mice. The identification of PUF target mRNAs by a comparative transcriptomic analysis of human HSCs infected or not with lentiviral vectors containing hPum1/2 shRNAs, revealed a large number of genes involved in the regulation of cell growth, survival or cell cycle. On the whole, our results demonstrate the involvement of Pumilio factors in stemness maintenance, expansion and survival of human HSCs. Functional studies in primary myeloid leukemic cells are in progress to assess the potential role of the Pum factors in the leukemogenic process. Later on, identification of Pumilio factors as new regulators of HSCs expansion will allow consider them as new tools for therapeutic perspectives
Lévêque, Catherine. "Etude de l'expression des récepteurs des cytokines par les cellules hématopoïétiques : aspects cellulaires et moléculaires." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES047.
Full textRevol, Valérie. "Obtention et caractérisation d'une lignée de progéniteurs hématopoïétiques à partir de souris transgéniques pour le récepteur au CSF-1 humain." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10273.
Full textMarmier-Savet, Caroline. "Etude de l'impact de la mobilisation des cellules souches périphériques (CSP) mobilisées par le facteur de croissance des granulocytes (G-CSF) sur les donneurs sains et les receveurs après allogreffe de CSP à conditionnement non myélo-ablatif." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA0025.
Full textThe hematopoietic stem cells represent a major therapeutic alternative in the treatment of some disease. The hematopoietic stem cell can be obtained by mobilization of the peripheral stem cells blood (CSP) by the growth factor of the granulocyte : the G-CSF. The short-term immunological effects of the mobilization by G-CSF at the donor are known, on the other hand, the long-term effects are it less. We realized a study on 24 donors to observe the alteration inferred by this mobilization. Blood samples are taken, before, at the moment and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the mobilization. The number of certain blood cells and their capacity to produce cytokines or immunoglobulins are perturbed by the mobilization but find normal values 3 in 6 months later. On the other hand, the mobilization by G-CSF is associated with a persistent aneuploidy of CD34- cells beyond 6 months post-mobilization. The long-term risk of the administration of G-CSF must be more amply studied. The peripheral stem cells transplantation after reduced-intensy conditioning regimen lead to less immediate toxicity. We studied several parameters post-graft of 20 recipients. The engrafment was fast, the counts of CD8 cells came back to a normal value 4 months after graft while the reconstruction of CD4 cells is much slower. Several results (number of TREC, number of memory's cells. . . ) show that this type of graft facilitates a reconstruction by peripheral expansion of T cells which the other cells can limit the incidence of severe infection post-graft
Brunet, de la Grange Philippe. "Régulation de l'hématopoïèse par les basses concentrations d'oxygène : rôles de l'antigène CD34 et du facteur de croissance VEGF165." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21093.
Full textHematopoiesis, the process of mature blood production from stem cells, is in part regulated by bone marrow oxygen concentrations, which vary from 0 to 5 % (hypoxia). We studied in this work the relationships between cell intrinsic factors involved in the maturation process (CD34 antigen) and their sensitivity to hypoxia, and the effects of molecules inducible by hypoxia (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF) on hematopoiesis. We showed that cultures of CD34+ cells at 1 % O2 induce or stabilize the cd34 gene expression that decreases at 20 % O2. The prolonged maintenance of this expression associated with the long-lasting membrane expression of the protein were correlated with the primitiveness of cells. We also showed that VEGF165 led to the survival of murine stem cells cultured at 1 % O2. This work suggests that hypoxia slows down the differentiation of stem cells by inducing cd34 gene expression, and favours their survival through VEGF165
Zemani, Faouzia. "Effets du fucoïdane, polysaccharide sulfaté extrait d'algues brunes, sur les propriétés proangiogènes des cellules progénitrices endothéliales : mécanisme d'action." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077052.
Full textInjection of haematopoietic stem cells or endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) expanded ex vivo has been shown to augment neovascularization in ischemic tissue in adult patients. Their identity and origin are still controversial. However, transplantation of autologous EPC has several limitations, including the limited supply of progenitors. Several studies have therefore attempted to expand these cells ex vivo in order to develop autologous product for cell therapy. This work demonstrates that treatment of EPC with low-molecular-weight fucoidan extracted from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum, P240red, enhances their provasculogenic properties in vitro. This polyfucose binds the cell membrane and seems to interact with growth factors similarly to glycosaminoglycans, thus controlling their stability and interaction with receptors. Thus, fucoidan could act as a co-receptor. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of fucoidan increases progenitors mobilization in peripheral blood and plasmatic SDF-1 level. We have also demonstrated that short time exposure of EPC to this chemokine improves their capability to migrate and differentiate as well as to accelerate under dynamic condition adhesion to the endothelium. In conclusion, fucoidan or SDF-1 treatment during EPC expansion might offer an interesting alternative of activation ex vivo. Investigations are presently considered to confirm our hypothesis and to test conditioned cells
Briard, Diane. "Le fibroblaste humain : cellule effectrice dans l'hématopoi͏̈èse et dans la métaplasie myéloi͏̈de primitive avec myélofibrose." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA11T010.
Full textXiong, Yu. "Impact du G-CSF sur le phénotype et les fonctions des cellules NK dans le cadre d’une immunothérapie post-allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0106/document.
Full textThe ability of natural killer (NK) cells to kill tumor cells without the need to recognize a tumor-specific antigen provides advantages over T cells and makes them appealing for a use as effectors for adoptive immunotherapy. However, the full therapeutic potential of NK cell-based immunotherapy has not been fully investigated in the context of leukemic relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Today, patients relapsing after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are often treated with donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) based on small cell fractions frozen at the time of the stem cell transplantation. Since peripheral blood stem cells are increasingly used as stem cell source and as source of cells for DLI, we aimed to evaluate the impact of G-SCF mobilization on NK cell phenotype and functions. Therefore, we compared the expansion capacity, the phenotype and the function of NK cells from blood for healthy donors, from allogeneic HSCT healthy donors or from autologous HSCT from patients. We also determine the impact of G-CSF on NK cell subset repartition before and after expansion in presence of IL-15. Our results showed that G-CSF administration to patients decreases CD56brightCD16+ NK cell population, proliferation and function. Overcoming this impairment in lymphoid capacity may be important to facilitate post-transplant immunotherapy
Jeay, Sébastien. "Etude des voies de signalisation impliquées dans les effets anti-apoptotique et prolifératif de l'hormone de croissance." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T039.
Full textSeveral observations have suggested a role for growth hormone (GH) in the regulation of immune functions, participating in the proliferation of hematopoietic cells. Cell cycle analyses by flow cytometry revealed that GH exerts anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects in pro-B Ba/F3 cells expressing GH receptors (GHR). An autocrine/paracrine mode of GH action is suggested by the demonstration that Ba/F3 cells produce GH, and that addition of GH antagonists promotes apoptosis of Ba/F3 GHR cells. The study of the expression levels of members of Bcl-2 protein family by western blot, and also of the activation of the transcription factor NF-KB by gel shift, suggest that anti-apoptotic effect of GH is dependent upon NF-KB/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Addition of exogenous GH promotes proliferation of Ba/F3 cells expressing GHRs. The use of inhibitors and dominant negatives, and cell cycle analyses, show that another signaling pathway is responsible for the proliferative effect of GH: the PI 3-kinase/c Myc pathway. Thus, signaling pathways involved in GH effects on cell cycle and apoptosis are distinct, even if links could exist between them. Using a blocking antibody against IGF-1, we suggest that GH effects are directs in Ba/F3 cells. Moreover, we show that IGF-1 activates PI 3-kinase/ AKT pathway but not NF-KB pathway to protect Ba/F3 cells from apoptosis. Our results show that GH is able to exert direct anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects through two different signaling pathways, and present important evidence to propose an eventual mechanism of action of GH on hematopoietic cells in vivo
Hurot, Vincent. "Intérêt des facteurs de croissance hématopoi͏̈étique chez des patients ayant subi une greffe allogénique de cellules souches hématopoi͏̈étiques." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P048.
Full textChallier, Cécile. "Mpl : depuis la mise en évidence d'un potentiel transformant jusqu'à son utilisation comme marqueur de cellules souches hématopoïètiques embryonnaires." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077175.
Full textBoiron, Jean-Michel. "Différentiation B et action de cytokines hématopoi͏̈étiques dans le myélome multiple humain." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28369.
Full textFlippe, Léa. "Etude de la différenciation de cellules souches hématopoïétiques et de cellules T à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=c61a0ae9-8328-4516-a59a-dd4bf879ebb5.
Full textCell therapy using T cells has revolutionized medical care in the last years but limitations are associated with the difficulty of genome editing, the production of sufficient number of cells and product standardization. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew and differentiate into T cells to provide a standardized homogenous product of defined origin in indefinite quantity, therefore they are of great potential to alleviate limitations of therapeutic T cell production. We describe an efficient protocol for the generation of hematopoietic and T cell progenitors in two steps: generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells from embryoid bodies then directed differentiation of hPSC-derived hematopoietic progenitors into T-cell progenitors in the presence of Notch signaling. We compared the transcriptome of the hematopoietic progenitors differentiated from hPSCs with cord blood HSCs. This revealed that the CD34+CD43+ subset of cells is the closest to cord blood HSCs. Similarly, we compared the T cells differentiated from hPSCs with primary thymus tissue. This revealed that we managed to differentiate cells up to the DN2 step of T cells development in thymus. Moreover, FOXP3 transduction during the differentiation resulted in a significant differentiation of Foxp3+CD3+TCRαβ+CD8+ or Foxp3+CD3+TCRαβ+CD4+ cells. Collectively, these results are of great interest for the study of hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. In addition, this work is a step towards the use of human T cells derived from hiPSCs in cell therapy
Habi, Ouassila. "Anémie de Fanconi : thérapie génique par les cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25350/25350.pdf.
Full textHamdan, Ghassan. "Résistance des cellules souches hématopoïétiques dans la leucémie myéloïde chronique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10159.
Full textThe existence of Leukemia stem cells (CSL) in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) predicts that only the destruction of CSL lead to a cure. A significant proportion of CML patients develop resistance to drugs, ~ 30% cases, mechanisms of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) often remain obscure. Leukemic stem cells of CML could remain viable and quiet, despite the presence of growth factors or drugs that seem to protect them from apoptosis. We have shown in the first part of this study that some carriers such as ABCG2, hOCT could to be play a role with the microenvironment in the resistance among CML adhesion of stoma Bone marrow. Furthermore, in the second part we showed that the gene TWIST-1 (is a key player of the embryogenesis) is deregulated in cells of CML innately resistant to imatinib, and that overexpression of the oncogene TWIST-1 could represent a new prognostic factor key potentially useful for improving the querison CML to TKI. In addition, we also could show that the TP73 gene is involved in the resistance of CSL CML. This gene could be a predictor to identify potential resistance of CML patients at diagnosis. We have also shown that this gene is regulated by the microenvironment. We have shown an overexpression of truncated isoforms in CML cell lines with the accession to the stroma. The results suggest that intrinsic molecules such as TWIST-1 carriers and p73 isoforms are deregulated in CSL by extrinsic mechanisms involved with the leukemia microenvironment by the mechanism for participation in the phenomenon of drug resistance. This mechanism with its microenvironment
Murr, Rabih. "TRRAP une protéine polyvalente : implication de TRRAP co-facteur des HAT, dans la réparation de l'ADN et dans d'autres processus cellulaires utilisant la chromatine." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10324.
Full textTRRAP protein is a common component of several histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes. TRRAP and histone acetylation have been mainly studied in the context of gene transcription, however they have been recently implicated in other chromatin based processes. The main goal of our study was to investigate the role of TRRAP and histone acetylation in DNA repair. We demonstrated that TRRAP is implicated in two major types of double strand breaks repair, homologous recombination and non homologous end joining. The role of TRRAP in repair is either HAT-dependent leading to chromatin relaxation thus allowing the access of DNA repair proteins to the sites of breaks, or HAT-independent as a member of the MRN complex. In the second part of the thesis, we have identified two novel functions of TRRAP: First, we demonstrated that TRRAP is implicated in the Wnt signalling pathway, through ubiquitination of β-catenin on the chromatin. Second, TRRAP was shown to regulate the selfrenewal of hematopoietic stem cells through its transcription cofactor activity. Together, our results highlight the mutifunctional role of TRRAP and histone acetylation in the regulation and coordination of chromatin based processes
Tordjman, Rafaèle. "Interactions entre processus angiogéniques et hématopoïèse." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077265.
Full textPietrzyk-Nivau, Audrey. "Génération de plaquettes in vitro à partir de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P626/document.
Full textMegakaryopoiesis is a process allowing hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) to proliferate and differentiate into megakaryocytes (MK). It is followed by thrombopoiesis allowing blood platelet production. These processes occur 1) in the bone marrow three-dimensional (3D) structure, 2) in the bone marrow sinusoid vessels and 3) in the blood flow. Our general aim was to decipher the mechanism associated to each process. The first objective was to study the effects of porous 3D structure on MK differentiation and platelet production. This study demonstrated that the synergy between spatial organization and biological cues improved MK and platelet production. We also characterized platelets produced from mature MK in flow conditions, with respect to their in vitro and in vivo properties. We highlighted the capacity of flow-derived platelets to incorporate in a thrombus in vitro and in vivo, compared to static-derived platelets. These works represent some new developments for mimicking the bone marrow structure and to reproduce blood shear forces in order to improve and increase in vitro platelet production for therapeutic use
Trouche, Didier. "Régulation transcriptionnelle du gène c-fos et différenciation cellulaire." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0306.
Full textÇelebi, Betül. "Étude de la différenciation des cellules souches hématopoiétiques dans différents environnements." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23475.
Full textBenboubker, Lotfi. "Cellules souches hématopoi͏̈étiques du sang périphérique : caractérisation fonctionnelle et facteurs intervenant dans la capacité de mobilisation." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR3308.
Full textCatelain, Cyril. "Rôle du ligand de Notch Delta-4, sous forme menbranaire et soluble dans les propriétés des cellules souches hématopoïétiques humaines et murines." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077032.
Full textOur team is interested in the role of the ligand, Delta-like 4 of the Notch pathway on the hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis. To approach this study, we had used an in vitro model using either a line stromale expressing the ligand, or a protein of fusion. This model of study exploits not only human progenitors of type CD34+ but also of the Lin ̄Sca+ c-Kit+ cells of murine marrow. These human or murine progenitors were in suspension using the cells stromales reconstituting with possible physiological environment favourable with the ex vivo stem cell culture. The murine model makes it possible to consider a thorough research of the factors acting downstream from the Notch pathway (study of genetically invalidated mice, exogenic expression, proteinic inhibition of expression). In our model of study murine, mbD4 module proliferation of the HSC by maintaining a stronger proportion of the cells in GO phase of the cellular cycle. Moreover, mbD4 inhibits their differentiation and maintains the potential CFC and LTC-IC in vitro and the potential of reconstitution in vivo. The study of the transcriptome indicate an increase in the gene expression being known like effector direct of the Notch pathway such as c-Myc and Hes-1 and also show that the exposure to the ligand module mainly the gene expression implied in the regulation of the cellular cycle (cyclines, Rb, p!30) and of the transcription (Pum2; Gata2). This work was the four scientific publication object
Barroca, Vilma. "Renouvellement des cellules souches : plasticité des progéniteurs germinaux et rôle du gène Fancg dans la fonction des cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461254.
Full textLi, Na. "Expansion des cellules souches hématopoïétiques dans les systèmes de cocultures des cellules endothéliales et des cellules stromales." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11320.
Full textVandevelde, Amelle. "Rôle de PLZF dans la gestion du stress des cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0554.
Full textHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for the production of all blood cells and possess the dual ability to self-renew and differentiate into progenitor and into mature cells. Given their importance, their physiology is tightly controlled by a plethora of signals that balance quiescence, proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation. In the present Phd work, I focused on the role of the transcription factor PLZF in HSC fate using the Zbtb16lu/lu mouse model, harbouring a spontaneous mutation inactivating PLZF. In a context of regenerative stress, Zbtb16lu/lu mice showed a decreased repopulation capacity characterized by a myeloid bias, expansion of LT-HSC and cell cycle dysregulation, features that seem to recapitulate HSC physiological aging. Furthermore, repeated injections of LPS, a component of Gram Negative bacteria, induced a strong pro-inflammatory response in Zbtb16lu/lu mice, that resulted in the reshaping of the HSC compartment and the failure to induce endotoxin tolerance. Taken together, our results suggest that PLZF is a central regulator of HSC fate
Aspert-Houballah, Aurélie. "Impact psychologique de la greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques et traumatisme psychique." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H134.
Full textHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been reserved for hematologic life threatening diseases. Between the announcement of the diagnosis and the transplant’s risks, the threat of death becomes real. This study wants to examine the psychological consequences of this « last chance » treatment focusing on psychological traumatism, by means of a psychodynamic analysis. It uses a longitudinal and mixed evaluation combining psychometric tests, projective tests, and clinical interviews. Fourteen patients have been interviewed between May 2009 and May 2010. Nine have been evaluated twice, once before HSCT, and once at least one year after HSCT. The results show a predominance of a mournful problematic in this population. Regression and masochism seems to be good working-off mechanisms. Trauma due to life threatening context seems more associated with the mournful problematic than the announcement of the diagnosis or the HSCT. Trauma could be seen, in a psychosomatic hypothesis, as a possible working-off mechanism from somatic destruction by the defusion of instincts
Feugier, Pierre. "Expansion des cellules souches hématopoiétiques issues de sang périphérique : Texte imprimé." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA3003.
Full textCartron, Guillaume. "Etude quantitative et fonctionnelle du compartiment des progéniteurs primitifs après autogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques chez l'homme." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR3311.
Full textIntensive therapy with autologous stem cells transplantation (ASCT) is now widely used in hematology. We have assessed primitive progenitor cell compartment after ASCT using peripheral stem cells and shown a deep and durable decrease of clonogenic progenitor counts in vivo. In vitro studies have demonstrated a constant decrease of LTC-IC frequencies and CD34+/CD38_ counts associated with functional abnormalities (defect in proliferative and érythroïd differentiation of LTC-IC). We have shown also a proliferative defect of CD34+ cells in response to early-acting cytokines and a decrease of both CD34 antigen expression and ability of c-Kit to bind to SCF into CD34+ cell population. After ASCT, there are both quantitative and qualtitative defects of primitive progenitor cell compartment which could led to a impaired self-renewal of this compartment and jeopardize long-lasting marrow reconstitution
Makanga, Dhon Bérenger Roméo. "Contribution à l'étude des fonctions anti-tumorales des cellules Natural Killer (NK) : Implication en greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques et dans le contexte des Immunothérapies." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT1031.
Full textT cell-replete haplo-identical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), using Post-transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as a treatment for Graft-versus- Host-Disease (GvHD), constitute a potential curative treatment for leukemic patients without identical HLA donor. These graft modalities presentHLA class I incompatibilities between donor and recipient that could sustain Natural Killer (NK) cell alloreactivity with an important anti-leukemic function. However, the role of NK cells in this modality of transplantation remains poorly understood. In this work, we showed that KIR/HLA incompatibilities between donor and recipient were associated with more acute GvHD and less relapse after PTCy-HSCT, participating in the activation and earlier differentiation of NK cells. Subsequently, we showed that the association of PTCy with Anti-thymoglobulin (ATG) could reduce the incidence of acute GvHD without increasing relapse after PTCy-HSCT. In order to identify NK cell subsets with high anti-leukemic potential, we defined 9 NK cell subsets based on NK cell differentiation markers and performed in vitro studies of the functional potential of each of these NK populations against leukemic targets. Our results show that NKG2A+ NK cell subsets are the most effective against acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) targets and represent the most frequent NK cell subsets in the NK cell repertoire. In contrast, CD57+ and/or KIR+ NK cell subsets, poorly represented in the NK cell repertoire, were the most effective against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) targets. The rapid reconstitution of certain NK cell subsets, such as those expressing NKG2A for example, seems to be associated with the reduction of relapse after PTCy-HSCT. Furthermore, we have investigated the influence of KIR/HLA interactions on Antibody Dependant Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) modulation, showing that the low number of KIR ligands in lymphoma patients favors a good rituximab-dependent NK cell responses. In conclusion, our data may help to optimize the selection of HSC donors and improve the prediction of rituximab responses in lymphoma patients by taking into account immunogenetic KIR/HLA parameters
Carion, Alexandra. "Rôle du microenvironnement médullaire dans la mobilisation des cellules souches et des progéniteurs hématopoi͏̈étiques." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR3305.
Full textThe aim of the study was to assess the specific role of human bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in G-CSF-induced hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization from the hematopoietic niche to peripheral blood (PB). We showed, for the first time in humans, that ability to mobilize HSC is associated with a genetic factor, the SDF1 gene polymorphism, suggesting a significant role for this chemokine in the mobilization process. However, we did not find in vivo any reversion of the positive SDF-1 gradient between BM and PB but found a correlation between PB levels of MMP-9 and HSC mobilizing capacity. Moreover, we showed in vitro that stromal cells constitutively secreted SDF-1, contrary to endothelial cells, this secretion being not increased by G-CSF used for HSC mobilization. The role of stromal cells in HSC mobilization is probably crucial through their particular capacity to produce MMP-9, notably after G-CSF stimulation, this production being influenced by the SDF1 genotype
Jouni, Dima. "Rôle de l'oxyde nitrique dans la régulation des cellules souches hématopoétiques." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077052.
Full textNitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous molecule produced by most cells. Since the 1980s, NO has emerged as an important messenger within and between cells. NO is involved in the survival, proliferation and cell migration. In the hematopoietic System, NO is described as a regulator of hematopoietic stem cells HSC. However, the mechanisms involved in its regulation of HSC remain unknown. In this work, we showed that NO production by stromal cells is important for the maintenance of human progenitors in vitro. Inhibition of NO production by stromal cells decreases the expression of AML1 and CXCR4 (the receptor of SDF-1) in CD34 + cells. It also decreases the adhesion of CD34 + cells to the stroma and the number of progenitor cells in cultures in a semi-solid medium. The effect of NO on the number of progenitors and the expression of AML1 is contact-dependent. Indeed, the separation between hematopoietic and stromal cells blurs the effect of inhibition of NO production. These results suggest that NO through the regulation of CXCR4 and adhesion indirectly regulates AML1. In vivo, inhibition of NO production enhances HSC proliferation by the same mechanisms involved in vitro; reduction of CXCR4 and AML1 expression. The proliferation of HSC is associated with decreased expression of cyclin dependent kinases p57, p21 and pi 9. Consistent with the decreased expression of CXCR4, inhibition of NO production induced mobilization of progenitors into the blood and spleen. All these results show an important role of NO in the regulation of HSCs and progenitors
Dalle, Jean-Hugues. "Greffes non apparentées de sang placentaire : résultats en pédiatrie : propriétés phénotypiques et fonctionnelles des cellules NK d'origine placentaire et interactions in vitro avec les antithymoglobulines de lapin utilisées dans le conditionnement de ces greffes." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL2S002.
Full textOur aim were to confirm efficacy of unrelated cord blood transplantation (CB) and to study in vitro properties of both umbilical and adult NK cells. METHODS : Retrospective clinical study comparing results of unrelated CB and bone marrow transplantation. In vitro studies of NK cells phenotype and functions with or without antihimoglobulins (ATG). RESULTS : the use of CB was quicker and also effective than adult stem cell use. NK cells from adult and CB do not differ. Cytotoxicity, proliferation and IFN-γ production were similar. ATG does not modify either proliferation, apoptosis or cytotoxicity but dramatically increase IFN-γ production. CONCLUSION : The use of unrelated CB as stem cell source was efficient. Umbilical NK cells were mature. Our results could explain at least partially the efficiency of T-cell depletion in order to obtain positive impact from NK alloreactivity in allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Vesin, Rose-Marie. "Etude du rôle du facteur de transcription Helios dans les cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ117/document.
Full textHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all blood cell lineages but the mechanisms responsible of HSCs responses to stress remain partially understood. I studied the role of the transcription factor Helios in HSCs, where Helios is highly and specifically expressed. I found that HSCs from young Helios null mice (He-/-) reconstitute the hematopoietic system of irradiated recipient mice similarly to HSCs from WT mice in primary transplantations, but out-perform WT cells in secondary and tertiary transplantations. Strikingly, HSCs from 2-year-old He-/- mice had 8-fold higher reconstitution potential than old WT HSCs in primary transplantations. Moreover, the pool of long-term HSCs in old He-/- mice resembles that of young WT animals in both phenotype and frequency. HSCs from old He-/- mice present a down regulation of genes involved in aging. Further, young He-/- HSCs express reduced mRNA levels of genes encoding DNA repair proteins as well as those associated with thep53 pathway. When He-/- and WT HSCs were subjected to DNA damage by different agents like neocarzinostatin, camptothecin, or etoposide, DNA damage-induced apoptosis, senescence and cell cycle arrest were significantly impaired in He-/- HSCs. This phenotype was accompanied by a poor induction of p53 target genes and impaired clearance of gammaH2AX foci. Furthermore, I found that Helios synergies with p53 to regulate the DNA damage responses of HSCs. My results suggest that,in synergy with p53, Helios controls HSC aging by preventing the accumulation of DNA damage in these cells
Djeghloul, Dounia. "Etude du vieillissement des cellules souches hématopoïétiques : rôle de l'axe miR125b/SUV39H1/H3K9me3." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC072.
Full textHematopoietic stem cells (HSC) produce ail blood cell lineages during the life of an indiv idual. With age, there is an increase in the number of HSC, and aged HSC have a reduced ability to generate B lymphoid cells whereas their myeloid lineage potential remains unchanged or even increases. The molecular mechanisms leading to HSC aging remain unclear. The aim of my thesis project was to identify epigenetic mechanisms implicated in the loss of HSC B cell potential with age. This work has allowed us to identify the histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 and regulation of heterochromatin as critical factors in the maintenance of HSC B cell potential. SUV39H1 catalyzes trimethylation of lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me3) and is one of the principal enzymes involved in heterochromatin formation. SUV39H1 is highly expressed in HSC and pharmacological or siRNA-mediated inhibition of SUV39H1 in human HSC results in decreased H3K9me3 and reduced generation of B but not myeloid cells following in vitro differentiation. With age there is a decrease in the expression of SUV39H1 in both human and mouse HSC, leading to a decrease in global levels of H3K9me3. The resulting relaxation of heterochromatin structure leads to transcriptional
Denis, Laure. "Contribution à l'étude de l'alloréactivité NK en greffe allogénique de cellules souches hématopoïétiques : implication des récepteurs KIR." Nantes, 2005. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=13195a70-7d5d-4220-9d93-f5d935ed7f11.
Full textAllogeneic HSCT is a good way to study cellular alloreactivity during haematopoietic reconstitution. Implied immunologic consequences can be either deleterious (reject or GvHD) or beneficial (GvL). HLA molecules are involved in those reactions and moreover, represent the specific ligands of KIR receptors expressed on NK cell in the innate immune system. Among these receptors, polymorphic KIR markers are clonally distributed to control NK allogeneic reactivity. In the laboratry, we focused on NK alloreactivity and KIR/HLA interactions in allogeneic HSCT. Results showed that some KIR genotype combinations between donor and recipient were at risk for GvH reaction. Moreover, KIR gene transcriptional regulation during post-HSCT period appeared to be relevant on GvH reaction. Last, all activating and inhibiting NK expressed receptors seemed to be involved in alloreactivity mechanisms, through a HLA-modulated repertoire
Roques, Marion. "Etude de l'émergence hématopoïétique aortique dans l'embryon de souris : rôle de l'endogline." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066516.
Full textBittencourt, Marcelo de Carvalho. "Approches cellulaires pour l'induction de tolérance en transplantation de cellules souches hématopoi͏̈étiques." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA3004.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Vannier, Jean-Pierre. "Cellules souches hématopoïetiques circulantes : réevaluation des valeurs normales et étude de leurs variations." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUE02TP.
Full textGiroux, Sébastien. "Analyse fonctionnelle de facteurs impliqués dans l’émergence des précurseurs hématopoïétiques de l’embryon de souris." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112350.
Full textRice, Alison Mary. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des cellules souches sanguines mobilisées par chimiothérapie." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28240.
Full textDe, Lacoste de Laval Bérengère. "Rôle de la signalisation TPO dans la réparation de l'ADN des cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00950059.
Full textTraore, Yves. "Divers aspects de polymorphisme de la molécule CD34 : antigène des cellules souches hématopoïétiques humaines." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22010.
Full textCampard, David. "Rôle d'une boucle autocrine impliquant l'IL-6R dans la détermination des cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES040.
Full textThe hematopoisis is a complex process where the proliferation and the differenciation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) lead to the formation of mature and functional blood cells. The maintenance of HSCs population is sustained by a mechanism of renewal. Numerous cytokines are involved in the regulation of early phases of hematopoiesis. These cytokines are secreted by the cells of the microenvironment, and the HSCs themselves. The role of IL-6 and its receptors in the maintenance of the HSCs is studied herein. The stimulation of gp130 by the fusion molecule linking IL-6 to sIL-6R (the hyper-interleukin-6, HIL-6) enhanced the expression of mIL-6R on HSCs. This stimulation increases the production of sIL-6R only on the population of 5-FU-resistant HSCs. However, same responses were not obtained by stimulation with others IL-6 family members, such as LIF or IL-11. Production of sIL-6R is stimulated by PMA and is inhibited by TAPI, demonstrating that an ADAM is involved in shedding of mIL-6R. The production of sIL-6R by shedding of mIL-6R was also increased by transient stimulations with HIL-6. Gp-induced-activation of ADAM is partially mediated by PI-3K pathway. Thus, all these data pleading to the existence of a mIL-6R and sIL-6R based autocrine loop. The functionality of this loop has been tested in culture of gp130-stimulated HSCs. Nevertheless, there was no increase in the number of progenitor derived from stimulated HSCs. This observation has been confirmed using the simulation of informatic HFPN models. In contrast, the LTC-IC frequency increases in long-term culture of HSCs in presence of stromal cells and HIL-6, suggesting the important role of the microenvironment in the functionality of the auto-paracrine circuit of regulation. The effect of HIL-6 is inhibited by TAPI, underlining the importance of the trans-signalling in the maintenance of HSCs. The cell-cycle analysis of HSCs shown that HIL-6 has no effect in the entry in cell-cycle, suggesting preferential role of HIL-6 in the cell survival rather than in the proliferation