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Academic literature on the topic 'Cellules stromales mésenchymateuses – Dissertations universitaires'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cellules stromales mésenchymateuses – Dissertations universitaires"
Josse, Jérôme. "Impact de l'infection à Staphylococcus aureus sur le microenvironnement osseux." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMP204/document.
Full textStaphylococcus aureus-related bone and joint infections are common diseases whose consequences can range from simple cell damage to delayed bone repair or excessive inflammatory response. To study this phenomenon, we have developed two models of in vitro infection with Staphylococcus aureus and primary bone-forming cells derived from human surgical explants. These cells have been previously cultured in a standard medium or osteogenic medium to obtain two populations at different stages of maturation. The study of Staphylococcus aureus internalization, cell death and production of inflammatory mediators in these 2 populations allowed us to establish whether the impact of Staphylococcus aureus varied depending on cell maturation. We also studied the impact of Staphylococcus aureus on mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord. In case of bone regeneration in infected site, mesenchymal stem cells may have to interact with Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, we characterized the ability of these cells to internalize Staphylococcus aureus, to survive against the infection and to produce inflammatory mediators in our in vitro model of acute infection. This project allowed us to validate our in vitro infection models and to characterize the impact of Staphylococcus aureus on different cells in the bone microenvironment, providing new approaches for the development of antibacterial strategies and bone tissue engineering
Akalay, Intissar. "Influence de la Transition Epithélio-Mésenchymateuse sur la réponse T cytotoxique anti-tumorale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T077/document.
Full textThe anti-tumor immunology and immunotherapy have recently undergone major breakthroughs, with the identification of immune surveillance process and the development of several vaccine approaches. However, the fact remains that the induction of an antitumor immune response is still not effective enough. Certainly, the antitumor cytotoxic response is a dynamic and interactive phenomenon, involving cytotoxic effectors and tumor targets, but its effectiveness is considerably influenced by the tumor microenvironment and its plasticity. Recent studies support the importance of taking into account the tumor susceptibility to lysis by anti-tumor cytotoxic effectors, notably Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs), especially in a context of cellular plasticity. On the grounds of these studies, this research aims at understanding the role of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in the susceptibility of tumor cells to CTLs mediated lysis in different models of breast cell carcinoma. Our results reveal that EMT is able to induce a decrease in the susceptibility of mesenchymal cells to specific lysis. It calls therefore multiple actors. First, in both study models, it turns out that the EMT is able to downregulate the expression of HLA-A2 molecule. Then, in the first experimental model, we show that EMT induces an alteration of signalling at the immunological synapse. Moreover, the regulator of autophagy, Beclin 1, plays a crucial role in the induction of reduced susceptibility to lysis by T-CD8+ lymphocytes following induction of EMT. In the second experimental model, we show that the mechanisms used by EMT to regulate the susceptibility of mesenchymal cells to lysis by CTLs involve the induction of the transcription factor inducing cancer stem cells properties, KLF4, as well as the downregulation of miR-7 expression. Together, these results shed light on new mechanisms used by malignant tumor cells to escape to lysis by T-CD8+ lymphocytes following the induction of EMT. Thus, this study advocates the importance of targeting transcription factors, which are inducers of EMT and responsible for cellular plasticity, in order to neutralize their function. These insights may prove useful for the development of new strategies aimed at better controlling the escape of invasive tumor cells to specific lysis, and ultimately ensuring a more effective immunotherapy against cancer
Al, Rifai Rida. "ASPIC - Analyse du site d’implantation de produit de thérapie cellulaire dans un modèle d’ischémie critique des membres inférieurs." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMM206/document.
Full textPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic obstructive disease affecting lower limbs arteries. It affects nearly 20% of over 70s. Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the ultimate stage and requires revascularization. Cell therapy (CT) has been proposed for patients with CLI. Clinical trials were encouraging but failed to establish efficacy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be a better option as they combine angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties. MSCs can be obtained from BMCs of CLI-patients. The aim of this study was first to evaluate, in a murine hindlimb ischemia model, the efficacy of two types of MSCs: undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and “endothelial like” MSCs (MELs) in comparison with currently used BMCs. Secondly, the objective was to perform a non-invasive analysis of ischemic limb using Raman Spectroscopy. MELs and MSCs induced complete perfusion restoration whereas BMCs did not. The complete flow recovery was significantly earlier with MELs in comparison with MSCs. Both MSCs and MELs improved functionality more efficiently than BMCs. Interestingly, complete limb salvage was observed in the MELs treated group exclusively. In muscles, MELs induced the highest rate of neoangiogenesis and the best muscle repair as shown by the presence of regenerated myofibers. Spectral acquisitions revealed that Raman spectroscopy can discriminate ischemic limb from healthy limb and can grade ischemia over time.Our study brings evidence that MELs obtained from CLI-patients can restore blood flow and provide muscle repair. Moreover Raman spectroscopy could be used clinically to assess ischemia in CLI-patients
Li, Na. "Expansion des cellules souches hématopoïétiques dans les systèmes de cocultures des cellules endothéliales et des cellules stromales." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11320.
Full textLiu, Yihua. "Une nouvelle approche thérapeutique de l'insuffisance cardiaque ischémique associant l'assistance biologique et l'assistance mécanique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0072/document.
Full textHeart failure (HF) represents one of the most frequent disease requiring hospitalization in the old population (>65 years old). The 5-year survival rates associated with heart failure are less than 50% and it results in a huge cost on social economy and public health. Ischemic heart diseases represent one of the most frequent etiologies of the heart failure. Over the last fifteen years, many preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed the therapeutic potential of stem cells to improve heart function and reduce ventricular remodeling. The failure of cell therapy can be ascribed to some extent to the poor integration and compromised survival of grafted cells in an unfavorable microenvironment in infarcted tissue which is complicated by the presence of inflammation, oxidative stress, hypoxia and severe deprivation of nutriments. Furthermore, bone marrow stem cells are physiologically located in a hypoxic environment. The adaptation of the in vitro culture medium, in terms of oxygen concentration, to the in vivo natural niche as well as the targeted area, might be one of solutions to improve the efficacy of cell therapy. One of our studies has demonstrated that preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with hypoxia could promote cell proliferation without altering the differentiation potential. What’s more, our in vivo study showed that hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs, compared with those cultured in normoxia, presented with better therapeutic efficiency, such as improvement of the myocardial viability in the infarcted area, increase of intrinsic contractility and favoring the processes of angiogenesis. The recovery of cardiac function with ventricular assist devices (bridge to recovery) is a milestone in the treatment of heart failure. The phenomenon "bridge to recovery" has enabled us to deepen the knowledge on the physiopathology of ventricular remodeling, which was considered to be a one-way process. However, the strategy of ‘Bridge to Recovery’ causes many controversies. One of the arisen questions is if there exists a limit in terms of the duration and intensity regarding the mechanical unloading in order to minimize its secondary complications. To simulate ventricular mechanical unloading of different intensities, we have developed two models of heterotopic heart transplantation (TCH), namely, heterotopic heart transplantation (HHT) and heterotopic heart-lung transplantation to simulate complete and partial unloading, respectively. Our study revealed that mechanical unloading resulted in myocardial atrophy, cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. These secondary effects were dependent on the intensity of unloading. Our work fits into the general theme of the laboratory, which is to develop a research program on innovative therapeutic approaches to treat myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure. In the first part of our study, we sought to clarify the effects of bone marrow-derived MSCs following intramyocardial injection on the perfusion and function of the infarcted myocardium (study 1). We then investigated the impact of long-term hypoxic culture on the biological characteristics and therapeutic potential of MSCs (study 2). Finally, we explored the effects of mechanical unloading of different intensities on the structure, function and metabolism of healthy myocardium (Study 3)
Biver, Emmanuel. "Interactions entre voies de régulation de la différenciation ostéoblastique des cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines : implications dans les pathologies osseuses." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S027.
Full textMany factors of bone microenvironment regulate osteoblast differentiation of humanmesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs). We investigated the crosstalks between pathwaysactivated by these factors in a translational perspective applied to the field of bone diseases.We tested the effect of signaling pathways activated by PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)and FGF (fibroblast growth factor) receptors and Wnt members on the response to BMP2during osteoblastic differentiation. Inhibition of PDGF or FGF receptors enhances BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation, by increasing the Smad activity. The MAPK JNK and theGSK3/ßcatenine pathways regulate the response to BMPs. The Wnt pathways also interferewith the activity of receptors tyrosine kinase (RTK) and GSK3. In addition, FGF2 inhibits theincrease of the expression of BMPs and their receptors during osteoblast differentiation. Theosteogenic effect of BMPs is thus strongly modulated by RTK or Wnt receptors. A secondlevel of interaction between osteoblasts and adipocytes was analyzed: the influence of serumadipokines on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk, in a meta-analysis of theliterature. Adiponectin is the most relevant adipokine, negatively associated with BMD,regardless of gender and menopausal status. These data underscore the importance ofintegrating the interactions between regulatory pathways in the use of HMSCs, mitogenic andosteogenic factors, for therapeutic purposes in orthopedics or in the field of skeletal bioengineering
Asmane, Irène. "Coopération privilégiée entre le microenvironnement stromal et les variants autonomes du récepteur des androgènes dans le cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ032/document.
Full textConstitutively active androgen receptor (AR) variants and stromal microenvironment are involved in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but their relationship remains unknown. We describe the effects of interleukin-6 (IL6) secreted from prostate stromal fibroblast cells (PrSC) towards prostate epithelial cancer cells expressing constitutively active AR variants. Conditioned culture medium from PrSC (CMPrSC) contained high levels of IL-6 and led to an increased STAT3 transcriptional activity in LNCaP and C4-2b cells expressing the ARQ640X variant, through pY705-STAT3 activation. This STAT3 activity was significantly diminished with neutralizing antibody anti-IL6. Gene expression analysis using mRNA array and RT-qPCR highlighted a specific transcriptional profile related to ARQ640X expression and PrSC exposure, resulting in cellular motility, invasion and cellular migration, and IL-6 genes expression promoting metastatic dissemination. Overall, our data emphasize a “preferred” epithelio-stromal cooperation when expressing constitutive active RA variants, which contributes to tumor progression
Rmaidi, Assia. "Vecteurs synthétiques et approche mécano-biologique permettant d’optimiser l’utilisation des cellules souches en médecine régénérative." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0014.
Full textAn approach to regenerative nervous system medicine is to develop biological substitutes with restorative function using stem cells and biomaterials that can be coated with extracellular matrix molecules. We have developed pharmacologically active microcarriers, PAMs. These are PLGA based, biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric microspheres (MS) coated with adhesion molecules that provide 3-dimensional support for cells. The microcarriers thus associated with the stem cells make it possible, after implantation, to increase the survival and maintain the state of differentiation of the cells they carry, reinforcing their tissue repair effects. These PAMs can also release encapsulated growth factors and to enhance the release of encapsulated proteins a new polymer combination: PLGA-Poloxamer188 (P188) -PLGA has been developed in our laboratory. It has also been shown that PLGA-P188-PLGA PAMs functionalized with fibronectin and poly-Dlysineinduce better proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells than PLGA PAMs. These cells are very widely used in regenerative medicine because they are easy to collect, found in the bone marrow, and able to differentiate towards the chondrogenic lineage, osteogenic and under certain conditions,neuronal. We are working with a subpopulation of these cells called MIAMI cells (marrow isolated adult multilineage inducible) that engage in neuronal cell differentiation after treatment with 2growth factors (EGF / bFGF) and on a laminin matrix support. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the physicochemical properties of polymeric supports also regulate the behavior of stem cells (adhesion, survival and differentiation). The objective of this study is to study the effect of physicochemical and mechanical properties of surfaces i) MS on laminin and poly-D-lysineadsorption and ii) PAMs on adhesion and neuronal differentiation of MIAMI cells. We have shown that the presence of the hydrophilic "poloxamer 188" block in the PLGA-P188-PLGA polymer composition decreases the adsorption of adhesion molecules by forming a layer on these surfaces.On PLGA PAMs, the adhesion molecules adsorb well regardless of the overall charge of the molecules. These two PAMs have a positive overall charge and allow the attachment of cells to their surface. However, in short-term cell adhesion is stronger on PLGA PAMs compared to PLGA-P188-PLGA PAMs, but in the long-term the cells eventually adhere to both supports. PLGA-P188-PLGAhas a high free surface energy and these PAMs have a less rigid surface than PLGA PAMs. Our results suggest that these surface characteristics allow cells to adhere despite the low amount of laminin on these supports. In the long-term the cells exhibit the same behavior whatever the type of PAMs. They differentiate into neuronal cells expressing mature neuron markers such as the neurofilament-M and we find the same number of cells adhered to their surface. Furthermore, we have shown that cells are able to secrete extracellular matrix molecules in the same way on both types of PAMs, probably explaining the similarity of the behavior in long-term
Dan, Pan. "Nouvelles approches en ingénierie vasculaire basées sur un scaffold fonctionnalisé, une matrice extracellulaire naturelle et une cellularisation intraluminale : de la caractérisation à la validation chez l’animal." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0304/document.
Full textEap, Sandy. "Développement d'implants nanofibreux actifs pour la régénération osseuse." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ053/document.
Full textOur team has developped a novel and unique strategy to functionnalize nanofibrous and synthetic implants based on active nanoreservoirs for bone regeneration. We propose a new synthetic biodegradable and nanostructured implant to accelarate restoration of bone tissue. These new implants could replace collagen membranes from animal origin. The nanoreservoirs are based on chitosan containing osteoinductive growth factors such as BMP-2. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer approved by FDA and has been used to produce the synthetic and biomimetic implants by electrospinning in order to mimic the bone extracellular matrix. Optimization of this process has allowed the elaboration of nanofibrous implants with different thicknesses reaching 10 mm. Using the combination of growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells in a double functionalization created a bioactive and living implant. This strategy has been validated in vitro and in vivo thanks to bone site implantation in murin model. Acceleration of bone regeneration in vivo has brought to light the efficiency of the double functionalization onto the PCL implants.The functionalized implants bioactivity is still currently in study for pre-clinical trials in order to obtain authorization for applications in maxillo-facial, parodontal, and orthopaedic fields. Moerover, astat-up (ARTiOS NanoMed) based on this nanotechnology has been founded.To conclude, we believe that our nanotechnology could lead to a new generation of engineered bone implants which has a great potential to be used in the clinic