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1
Tournier, Isabelle. "Cellulite : acquis et perspectives." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P018.
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Coriatt, Cendrine. "La cellulite et les traitements en officine." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P037.
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Gilly, Isabelle. "La cellulite et ses thérapeutiques en 1997." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22616.
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Bachasson, Marielle. "La cellulite et les produits amincissants locaux." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22602.
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Bentchikou, Férial. "La cellulite : sa nature, ses méthodes d' étude et son traitement." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P275.
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CROZAT, CECILE. "La cellulite et son traitement local non chirurgical." Strasbourg 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR15039.
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SAINT-MLEUX, VARENE NATHALIE. "Cellulite perianale recidivante de l'enfant : a propos d'un cas." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA062079.
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Sadaune, Pascale. "Les produits amincissants d'usage externe." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P036.
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BONNARIC, RAYSSAC MAGALI. "Les cellulites cervicales : a propos de 10 cas." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU31035.
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Télion, Caroline. "Les cellulites cervico-faciales graves : etude prospective de 105 cas." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M065.
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SMALLS, LOLA ROMING KELLY. "DEVELOPMENT OF QUANTITATIVE MODELS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF GYNOID LIPODYSTROPHY (CELLULITE)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1115923913.
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SCHMIDT, PASCAL. "Les cellulites cervico-faciales aigues d'origine dentaire." Reims, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REIMM086.
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VINGEAU, REBUFFEL MICHELE. "La cellulite a eosinophiles ou syndrome de wells : a propos de deux observations." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M066.
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CHALVET, LAURENT. "Pouvoir pathogene du bacillus cereus : revue de la litterature a propos de 4 observations de cellulites post-traumatiques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M088.
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GOUMET, JOCELYNE. "Nouvelle antibiotherapie dans le traitement des processus gangreneux et cellulitiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20077.
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Bertrand, Christophe. "Thromboses veineuses profondes au cours et au décours des érysipèles et cellulites de jambes." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6235.
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RICHA, JEAN. "Les cellulites cervico-faciales a germes anaerobies : a propos de sept observations recueillies en deux ans." Angers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ANGE1063.
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Jaussaud, Roland. "Cellulites infectieuses : epidemiologie descriptive, analyse des facteurs de risque aux membres inferieurs et projet d'essai therapeutique." Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIMM013.
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PAULIEN, THIERRY. "Les cellulites gangreneuses a pyogenes : streptocoques abeta hemolytiques et autres germes, ou syndrome de meleney." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M106.
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Scheidegger, Regula. "Erfolgreiches Marketing in den Märkten kosmetischer Mittel mit spezieller Wirkung (Anti-Cellulite Produkte) am Beispiel zweier Firmen Probleme und Lösungsansätze /." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02602746001/$FILE/02602746001.pdf.
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Freire, Thamires Batello. "Desenvolvimento e avaliação da segurança e eficácia de nanoemulsão com cafeína com ação na HDLG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-01062017-162648/.
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.A Hidrolipodistrofia Ginoide (HDLG), popularmente conhecida como celulite, ocorre em 80 a 90% da população feminina após o período da puberdade, provém de uma modificação metabólica no tecido adiposo cutâneo. A cafeína, por sua vez, promove uma ação lipolítica e é muito utilizada por formuladores. Este projeto buscou obter nanoemulsão contendo, como ingredientes principais, tensoativos (Oleth-3; Oleth-20) e cafeína pelo método de emulsificação por (TIF). Foram desenvolvidas emulsões, sendo a F3, a mais translúcida com Temperatura clearing-boundary (Tcb) de aproximadamente 80 °C e temperatura de inversão de fase (TIF) de 85 °C. No Teste de Estabilidade Preliminar (TEP), a nanoemulsão não apresentou modificações nas suas características organolépticas, exceto no teste de estresse térmico no qual ocorreu separação de fases acima de 70°C. No Teste de Estabilidade Normal (TEN) a condição de 45,0 ± 2,0 °C apresentou instabilidade, nos demais valores de temperatura as nanoemulsões foram classificadas como normal. Os valores de pH para as condições de 25,0 ± 2,0 °C e 5,0 ± 2,0 °C decaíram no decorrer dos 90 dias, 13,7 e 2% respectivamente. Estes valores foram avaliados por ANOVA, seguido do Teste de Tukey, sugerindo que o armazenamento da F3 seja refrigerado. Os índices de polidispersão apresentaram desvio reduzido de 0,1. Indicando a presença de gotículas com alta polidispersibilidade e caráter monodisperso. O tamanho de gotícula na condição de 5,0 ± 2,0 °C teve tamanho e percentual de variação inferior em relação à condição 25,0 ± 2,0 °C. O potencial zeta no t0 foi de -3,9. O percentual de Transmitância no t0 e com t90 dias de TEN apresentou valores de 48,7 e 6,5% respectivamente, indicando uma perda da transparência no decorrer do tempo. A constante de Ostwald na condição de geladeira foi favorável para a estabilidade. No ensaio com a espectroscopia Raman foi comparado o espectro da cafeína em solução em diversos valores de pH e não foi observado o deslocamento de bandas e nem sua protonação. As bandas de cafeína encontradas na F3 foram compatíveis com as encontradas na solução de cafeína (1337; 652,5 e 558,2 cm-1). Não houve interação da cafeína anidra com o óleo Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (TAAC) e nem com os tensoativos Oleth-3 e Oleth-20. A validação analítica do método foi linear, precisa e exata. Houve redução da concentração de cafeína ao longo do tempo da TEN, na condição de 5,0 ± 2,0 °C (15,1%). A eficiência de associação da cafeína na gotícula foi 4,8%. No ensaio de segurança de uso de nanoemulsão in vitro HET CAM - Hen\'s Egg Test - Chorioallantoic Membrane, o resultado de 1,4 classificou a nanoemulsão F3 como levemente irritante. No ensaio de permeação cutânea em membrana natural (pele humana) as concentrações permeadas não ultrapassaram a concentração de saturação do tampão Phosfate Saline (PBS) (48,96 µg/3mL). A solução com cafeína permeou mais que a nanoemulsão com cafeína F3, porém a nanoemulsão melhorou visualmente e sensorialmente a precipitação da cafeína.Ginoide Hydrolipodystrophy (HDLG), commonly known as cellulite, occurs in 80-90% of the female population after the puberty period, comes from a metabolic modification in cutaneous adipose tissue. Caffeine, in turn, promotes a lipolytic action and is widely used by formulators. This project obtained nanoemulsion containing as main ingredients surfactants (Oleth-3; Oleth-20) and caffeine by emulsification method by (TIF). Emulsions were developed, with F3 being chosen, the most translucent with clearing-boundary Temperature (Tcb) of approximately 80 °C and phase inversion temperature (TIF) of 85 °C. In the Preliminary Stability Test (PET), the nanoemulsion showed no changes in its organoleptic characteristics, except in the thermal stress test in which phase separation occurred above 70 °C. In the Normal Stability Test (TEN) the condition of 45.0 ± 2.0 °C showed instability, in the other temperature values the nanoemulsions were classified as normal. The pH values for the conditions of 25.0 ± 2.0 °C and 5.0 ± 2.0 °C declined over the course of 90 days, 13.7 and 2.0% respectively. These values were evaluated by ANOVA, followed by Tukey\'s test, suggesting that F3 storage should be refrigerated. The polydispersion indices showed reduced deviation of 0.1. Indicating the presence of droplets with high polydispersity and monodisperse character. The droplet size in the condition of 5.0 ± 2.0 °C had size and percentage of variation lower than the condition 25.0 ± 2.0 ° C. The zeta potential at t0 was -3.9. The percentage of Transmittance at t0 and with t90 days of TEN presented values of 48.7 and 6.5% respectively, indicating a loss of transparency over time. Evaluated constant of Ostwald, in the refrigerator condition was the most favorable for stability. In the Raman spectroscopy assay the caffeine spectrum was compared in solution at various pH values and the band displacement and its protonation were not observed. The caffeine bands found in F3 were compatible with those found in the caffeine solution (1337, 652.5 and 558.2 cm -1). There was no interaction of caffeine anhydrous with Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride oil (TAAC) nor with Oleth-3 and Oleth-20 surfactants. The analytical validation of the method was linear, precise and accurate. There was a reduction of the caffeine concentration over the TEN time, in the condition of 5.0 ± 2.0 °C (15.1%). The caffeine association efficiency in the droplet was 4.8%. In the safety assay of using nanoemulsion in vitro HET CAM - Hen\'s Egg Test - Chorioallantoic Membrane, the result of 1.4 ranked the nanoemulsion F3 as slightly irritating. In the natural membrane cutaneous permeation test (human skin) permeate concentrations did not exceed the saturation concentration of the (PBS) Phosfate Saline (48.96 µg/3 mL). The caffeine solution permeated more than the nanoemulsion with caffeine F3, but the nanoemulsion visually and sensorially improved the caffeine precipitation.
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Vallois, Isabelle. "Contrôle de la polarité cellulaire par les contacts cellule-cellule." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077087.
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Le contrôle de la polarité cellulaire est crucial au cours de la morphogenèse et du renouvellement des tissus et il dépend de signaux procurés par l'environnement extracellulaire. Dans des cellules isolées, la géométrie des interactions avec la matrice extracellulaire régule l'asymétrie intracellulaire. En utilisant des micro-patrons pour imposer des interactions cellule-cellule reproductibles, nous avons montré que les contacts intercellulaires génèrent des signaux de polarisation qui régulent l'organisation intracellulaire et l'orientation cellulaire. Dans plusieurs types cellulaires tels que des astrocytes, des cellules épithéliales et endothéliales, les interactions cellule-cellule dépendantes du calcium médiées par les cadhérines influencent la position du noyau et du centrosome et entraînent l'orientation de l'axe noyau-centrosome en direction du bord "libre" de la cellule. Le positionnement du complexe noyau-centrosome est contrôlé par la N-cadhérine et la (3-caténine via la régulation de l'adhésion avec la matrice extracellulaire et celle des cytosquelettes d'actine et de filaments intermédiaires. De plus, la N-cadhérine et les caténines a et p contrôlent directement l'orientation de l'axe noyau-centrosome d'une façon dépendante du cytosquelette de microtubules. Nos résultats démontrent que, en plus de la fonction spécifique de la E-cadhérine dans la régulation de la polarité apico-basale, les cadhérines classiques peuvent induire la polarisation de cellules dans un cadre plus général. Les cadhérines sont probablement des déterminants critiques de l'orientation de la migration et la division' cellulaire pendant l'organogenèse ainsi que dans les tissus adultesControl of cell polarity is crucial during tissue morphogenesis and renewal and depends on spatial cues provided by the extracellular environment. In isolated cells, the geometry of interactions with the extracellular matrix has been shown to control intracellular asymmetry. Using micropatterned substrates to impose reproducible cell-cell interactions, we show the that cell-cell contacts provide polarizing cues that regulate intracellular organization and cell orientation. In a variety bf cell types, Including astrocytes, epithelial and endothelial cells, calcium-dependent cadherin-mediated cell-cell interactions induce nucleus and centrosome off-centring towards cell-cell contacts and promote orientation of the nucleus-centrosome axis towards free cell edges. Nucleus and centrosome off-centring is controlled by N-cadherin and ß-catenin through the regulation of cell interactions with the extracellular matrix and the regulation of the actin and intermediate filaments cytoskeletons. Moreover, N-cadherin and a and ß-catenins control directly the orientation of the nucleus-centrosome axis in a microtubule-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that in addition to the specific function of E-cadherin in regulating baso-apical epithelial polarity, classical cadherins can induce cell polarization in otherwise non-polarized cells. Cadherins are likely to be critical determinants of the orientation of cell migration and cell division during organogenesis as well as in adult tissues
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Dalbe, Bernard. "Elaboration d'un nouveau procédé d'obtention d'une structure cellulaire de cellulose." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10003.
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Ce travail porte sur la fabrication de structures cellulaires de cellulose (mousse, eponge). Dans un premier temps, une etude bibliographique est effectuee sur les differents procedes de preparation de mousse, et plus particulierement sur le procede viscose, actuellement utilise pour la fabrication des eponges vegetales. Dans un deuxieme temps, un nouveau procede est elabore, dont le point de depart est une solution de cellulose dans une famille de solvant bien particuliere: les oxydes d'amine tertiaire. La structure cellulaire est preparee par deux methodes differentes. Ensuite une etude approfondie du procede est effectuee en utilisant le n-oxyde de n-methylmorpholine. L'influence de chaque parametre, gouvernant le procede, est etudiee et les proprietes des nouveaux materiaux cellulaires obtenus sont testees. La structure et les proprietes de ces nouveaux materiaux sont comparees a celles des eponges vegetales fabriquees par le procede viscose. Enfin, le probleme de la realisation industrielle du procede est aborde; notamment des essais de recyclage du solvant sont effectues
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Dalbe, Bernard. "Elaboration d'un nouveau procédé d'obtention d'une structure cellulaire de cellulose." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376128697.
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Bazzano, Annalisa. "L' ingegneria biomedica al servizio della medicina estetica: il body contouring." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13196/.
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Analisi delle più utilizzate tecnologie non invasive per la riduzione delle adiposità localizzate e per il miglioramento dell'aspetto della cellulite quali: LPG Endermologie, Radiofrequenza, Ultrasuoni focalizzati ad alta intesità (HIFU), Ultrasuoni cavitazionali, Terapia laser a basso livello energetico (LLLT), Criolipolisi, Terapia ad onde d'urto (ESWT)
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Tano, Clara Tsugumi Nakamura. "Avaliação histológica do tecido adiposo da pele de ratas sob ação de cafeína e Cafeisilane® C." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-09042015-125901/.
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Hidrolipodistrofia ginóide é uma alteração genuína e loco-regional do panículo adiposo subcutâneo determinante do formato corporal característico da mulher. Várias substâncias ativas podem ser empregadas como anticelulíticos, sendo selecionado para esse trabalho a cafeína e o silício orgânico da cafeína (Cafeisilane® C). Foram desenvolvidas formulações cosméticas (9 emulsões empregando como base cera emulsionante não iônica e 3 géis utilizando polímero carboxivinílico e 1 gel a base de hidroxietilcelulose) contendo cafeína 4,0% p/p; cafeína e benzoato de sódio, ambos a 4,0% p/p e Cafeisilane® C 6,0% p/p e, as mesmas foram submetidas ao estudo de estabilidade acelerada nas seguintes condições: 4° C, ciclos alternados gela/degela (-10° C/45° C), 45° C, -10° C, 22° C e luz solar indireta. Das formulações avaliadas foram selecionadas uma emulsão não iônica e um gel de hidroxietilcelulose para o estudo \"in vivo\" em modelo animal, a fim de avaliar a ação lipolítica da cafeína e Cafeisilane® C. Após análise histológica do dorso depilado das ratas de linhagem Wistar, tanto a cafeína como o Cafeisilane® C apresentaram melhor resposta quando incorporados em emulsão não iônica, ocorrendo redução no diâmetro das células adiposas em 17% para a cafeína e 16% para o Cafeisilane® C. Nesta última preparação, também ocorreu redução de 32% no número de células adiposas. Da forma cosmética gel, apenas o que utilizou como base a hidroxietilcelulose com Cafeisilane® C promoveu redução de 26% no número de adipócitos quando comparado com o gel controle.Gynoid hydrolipodystrophy is a genuine and regional alteration of the hypodermis, a subcutaneous tissue that determines the characteristic format of the female\'s body. Several active substances can be added in anticellulite cosmetics and in this research there were selected caffeine and siloxanetriol alginate caffeine (Cafeisilane® C). There were developed different cosmetic formulations (9 emulsions with nonionic emulsifying wax, 3 gels with carboxyvinilic polymer and 1 gel with hydroxyethyl cellulose) employing caffeine 4,0% w/w; caffeine and sodium benzoate, both 4,0% w/w, and Cafeisilane® C 6,0% w/w. Formulations above were submitted to the stress testing: 4° C, alternate freeze/thaw cycles (-10° C/45° C), 45° C, -10° C, 22° C and indirect sunlight, as the conditions. We selected one nonionic emulsion and the hydroxyethyl cellulose gel for the in vivo study in animal model for the evaluation of the lypolitic activity of caffeine and Cafeisilane® C. After histological analysis of Wistar\'s depilated back (female rats), as much caffeine as Cafeisilane® C resulted better answers when incorporated in nonionic emulsion, with diameter reduction of the fatty cells in 17% for caffeine and 16% for Cafeisilane® C. Within the Cafeisilane® C emulsion, reduction of 32% in the number of fatty cells occurred. Only hydroxyethyl cellulose gel with Cafeisilane® C promoted the reduction of 26% in the adipocytes numbers, when compared with the control gel.
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Coudouy-Berdoues, Sophie. "Exploration anatomique du tissu adipeux par imagerie médicale." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU32040.
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Roy, Isabelle. "Grosses jambes rouges aiguës infectieuses : à propos de 45 cas bordelais." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25096.
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Hu, Gang. "Adsorpton and Activity of Cellulase Enzymes on Various of Cellulose Substrates." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04222009-234535/.
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The objective of this research is to understand the interfacial behavior of cellulase enzymes and its effect on cellulose hydrolysis. This research began with an in-situ monitoring of cellulose hydrolysis using a piezoelectric based quartz crystal microbalance. The time-course kinetics was modeled using a dose response model. The adsorption indicated by the frequency drop followed a Langmuir model as cellulase enzyme increased. Another important part of this research is the development of a new cellulase activity assay based on the piezoelectric technique. This assay provides an easier and more user friendly method for cellulase enzyme activity measurement. It also helps to clarify an element of the interpretation of frequency drops after the injection of cellulase solutions in the hydrolysis of cellulose film, which has been neglected in previous research. Interfacial adsorption of cellulase protein was also investigated using the depletion method. The effects of substrate properties, primarily the crystallinity, which was characterized using X-ray diffraction, were investigated. The effect of surface area, which was measured using both laser light scattering and BET adsorption, on cellulase adsorption were also investigated. It was found that crystallinity played a more important role in cellulase adsorption than surface areas of cellulosic substrate. In characterization of cellulosic substrates, the water retention value (WRV) was also investigated. The results indicated that lower crystallintiy substrates have higher water retention ability. The cellulase adsorption, as well as desorption, was also studied by using sodium dodecyle sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The adsorption results followed the same trend as indicated by the depletion methods. The various isozymes demonstrated a uniform adsorption in proportion to their concentrations. Desorption appeared uniform. Higher pH was found to create higher desorption for a particular cellulase from a particular substrates. It was also found that cellulase from Trichoderma reesei had higher affinity to cellulosic substrates used in this work than the one from Aspergillus niger.
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Qian, Chen. "Adsorption of Xyloglucan onto Cellulose and Cellulase onto Self-assembled Monolayers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42496.
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Adsorption of xyloglucan (XG) onto thin desulfated nanocrystalline cellulose (DNC) films was studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. These studies were compared to adsorption studies of XG onto thin sulfated nanocrystalline cellulose (SNC) films and regenerated cellulose (RC) films performed by others. Collectively, these studies show the accessible surface area is the key factor for the differences in surface concentrations observed for XG adsorbed onto the three cellulose surfaces. XG penetrated into the porous nanocrystalline cellulose films. In contrast, XG was confined to the surfaces of the smooth, non-porous RC films. Surprisingly surface charge and cellulose morphology played a limited role on XG adsorption.
The effect of the non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 on the adsorption of cellulase onto alkane thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold was also studied. Methyl (-CH3), hydroxyl
(-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) terminated SAMs were prepared. Adsorption of cellulase onto untreated and Tween 80-treated SAMs were monitored by SPR, QCM-D and AFM. The results indicated cellulase adsorption onto SAM-CH3 and SAM-COOH were driven by strong hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, however, hydrogen bonding between cellulase and SAM-OH was weak. Tween 80 effectively hindered the adsorption of cellulase onto hydrophobic SAM-CH3 substrates. In contrast, it had almost no effect on the adsorption of cellulase onto SAM-OH and SAM-COOH substrates because of its reversible adsorption on these substrates.Master of Science
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Du, Plessis Lisa. "Co-expression of cellulase genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cellulose degradation." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1818.
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Olivieri, Jacopo. "Meccanismi del danno cellulare da chemioterapici su cellule normali e neoplastiche." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243146.
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Le antracicline (AC) sono un componente basilare del trattamento di prima linea dei linfoma. Il loro impiego è tuttavia limitato dal rischio di cardiotossicità (CTA). Le formulazioni liposomiali di AC (L-AC) hanno mostrato di ridurre il rischio di CTA, mantenendo un’efficacia clinica comparabile. Tuttavia non esistono studi comparativi tra AC e L-CA in pazienti con linfoma. Il monitoraggio della TnI durante la chemioterapia (CHT) ha dimostrato di rilevare precocemente la CTA, ed è predittivo di deterioramento della frazione di eiezione ventricolare sinistra (FEVS) dopo CHT.
Nel nostro centro abbiamo effettuato un studio osservazionale prospettico allo scopo di determinare l’incidenza di CTA in una popolazione real-life di pazienti con linfoma, trattati con AC o L-AC, combinando i dati clinici, ecocardiografici ed i biomarkers (TnI, troponina) in un sistema di telemedicina. In base ad una policy interna, il trattamento con L-CA è stratificato secondo età e fattori di rischio cardiaci (FR).
Novantanove pazienti sono stati sottoposti ad almeno 1 ciclo di chemioterapia (60 con AC e 39 con L-AC): l'età media era di 60 anni (range 18-85); 38 pazienti avevano più di 65 anni; 25 erano affetti da malattia di Hodgkin (MH), 74 da linfoma non-Hodgkin (LNH). Come atteso dalla stratificazione indotta dalla policy, il gruppo L-AC era significativamente più anziano e aveva maggiori FR cardiaci rispetto gruppo L-AC. Tra i linfomi diffusi a grandi cellule B (n = 52, DLBCL) non sono state riscontrate differenze significative tra i gruppi AC e L-AC per quanto riguarda la risposta al trattamento e la sopravvivenza globale. Rispetto alla valutazione della CTA, 2 pazienti trattati con AC hanno sviluppato una diminuzione significativa della FEVS; dopo aver avviato un trattamento cardio-protettivo, il valore di FEVS è tornato alla normalità. Abbiamo riscontrato una correlazione positiva significativa tra la dose cumulativa di doxorubicina (DCD) e l'entità e la frequenza degli aumenti di TnI; a DCD ≤ 200 mg/m2, gli aumenti di TnI sopra 0,03 ng/ml erano più frequenti nel gruppo L-AC (p <0,001); tuttavia, a dosi >200 mg/m2 si verificava la situazione opposta, con più aumenti di TnI nel gruppo AC (p = 0,047).
Pertanto, una strategia comprensiva tesa a prevenire, individuare e trattare la CTA, permette una gestione ottimale del linfoma chemiotrattato con AC, con bassa incidenza di complicanze cardiache.Anthracyclines (AC) are the mainstay of first line treatment in many lymphoma patients. AC use is limited by occurrence of cardiac toxicity (AIC). Liposomal AC formulations (L-AC) may reduce the occurrence of AIC while retaining clinical efficacy, but comparative studies are lacking in lymphoma patients. Routine monitoring of TnI during chemotherapy has shown to detect AIC very early and is predictive of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) deterioration. We undertook a prospective observational trial aimed to detect AIC in a real life population of lymphoma patients treated with AC or L-AC, combining clinical, echocardiographic and biomarkers (troponin I, TnI) data within a telemedicine system. Basing on our internal policy, we stratified treatment with L-AC according to age and cardiac risk factors (RF). Ninety-nine patients underwent at least 1 cycle of chemotherapy (60 with AC and 39 with L-AC): median age was 60 years (range 18-85 years); 38 patients were older than 65 years. 25 had Hodgkin’s disease (HD) and 74 had Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). As expected by the stratification we adopted, the L-AC subgroup was significantly older and had more cardiac RF than the AC subgroup. In the largest homogenous NHL group (n = 52, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, DLBCL) we observed similar responses and overall survival between AC and L-AC. As regards AIC, 2 AC-treated patients had a significant decrease of LVEF; after starting cardio-protective treatment, LVEF recovered to normal. We found a significant positive correlation between the cumulative dose of doxorubicin (CDD) and the scale and frequency of TnI rises; at CDD ≤ 200 mg/m2, TnI rises above 0.03 ng/ml were more frequent in the L-AC subgroup (p <0.001); however, at doses > 200 mg/m2 the relationship was reversed, with more TnI rises in the AC subgroup (p = 0.047). A comprehensive strategy to prevent, detect and treat AIC allows an optimal management of the lymphoma with low incidence of cardiac complications.
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Gal, Laurent. "Etude du cellulosome de Clostridium cellulolyticum et de l'un de ses composants : la cellulase CelG." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11071.
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Le cellulosome de la bacterie cellulolytique clostridium cellulolyticum atcc 35319 a ete etudie. C'est un complexe de 600 kda, en moyenne, qui degrade efficacement la cellulose cristalline. Il est constitue de plusieurs proteines de masse moleculaire relative variant entre 170 et 30 kda. L'utilisation du minicipc1 biotinyle a permis de montrer qu'au moins treize d'entre elles possedaient une dockerine. Parmi celles-ci, les proteines cela, celc, cele, celf et celg, dont les genes sont clones et sequences, ont ete identifiees. Afin de rechercher de nouveaux genes cel codant pour des proteines possedant une dockerine, une marche sur le chromosome en aval de cele a ete entreprise. Elle a revele l'existence de trois nouveaux genes impliques dans la cellulolyse : cipx, celh et celj. - cipx est une proteine tres originale constituee d'un domaine de type linker et d'une cohesine. - celh et celj, tout comme celg, possedent un domaine catalytique de la famille 9 de la classification des glycosyl-hydrolases, suivi d'un domaine de type cbd de la famille iii et enfin d'une dockerine c-terminale. Pour tenter de comprendre le role joue par ce dernier type de proteines dans la cellulolyse, la caracterisation biochimique de celg a ete entreprise. Le gene celg a ete surexprime chez escherichia coli et la proteine recombinante correspondante a ete purifiee. Celg est une endoglucanase qui degrade efficacement la cmc et le glucane d'orge. Elle est egalement active sur la cellulose amorphe et degrade les cellodextrines ayant un degre de polymerisation superieur ou egal a trois. Contrairement aux autres endoglucanases caracterisees jusqu'a present chez c. Cellulolyticum, celg degrade les celluloses cristallines, et en particulier la bmcc de maniere tres efficace. Pour etudier l'influence relative de chacun des domaines de celg dans ce mecanisme, differentes constructions genetiques, permettant la synthese du domaine catalytique seul ou du domaine de type cbd fusionne derriere la glutathion-s-transferase, ont ete realisees. Dans tous les cas, les proteines recombinantes ne presentent ni activite catalytique ni proprietes d'adhesion a la cellulose. L'ensemble de ces resultats suggere qu'a la difference de la plupart des cellulases, les differents domaines constitutifs de celg ne sont pas independants. La presence d'au moins deux autres proteines homologues a celg (celh et celj) au sein du systeme cellulolytique de c. Cellulolyticum suggere que ces proteines jouent un role fondamental dans les mecanismes de degradation de la cellulose chez cet organisme.
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Lever, Mitchell. "Cellulose to ethanol conversion with on-site cellulase production using solid-state fermentation." Thesis, Lever, Mitchell (2009) Cellulose to ethanol conversion with on-site cellulase production using solid-state fermentation. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/32795/.
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The economics and environmental sustainability of enzymatic lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion processes are adversely affected by the use of purchased cellulase preparations. Commercial cellulase preparations lack the microorganisms that produce them and thus cannot be cultured on-site, resulting in a significant ongoing expense. Commercial cellulase production is energy intensive and a significant contributor to the overall environmental impact of the cellulose to ethanol conversion process...
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Tchunden, Jeannette. "Cellulolyse Anaérobie Mésophile : étude de l'amélioration de la production de cellulases par Cl. cellulolyticum ATCC 35319." Nancy 1, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1990_0044_TCHUNDEN.pdf.
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Cl. Cellulolyticum est une bactérie cellulolytique mésophile isolée au laboratoire à partir d'herbes en décomposition. Cette bactérie est capable de dégrader la cellulose en une seule étape en acides organiques et en éthanol. Mais l'activité cellulolytique de la souche reste faible. Pour arriver à une possibilité d'utilisation industrielle de la bactérie, les performances cellulolytiques de la souche doivent être améliorées. L'amélioration de la production de cellulases par cl. Cellulolyticum passe à la fois par l'amélioration de ses conditions de culture et l'amélioration de la souche. Ainsi nous avons montré qu'une culture en fermenteur avec régulation de ph à 7,2 par une solution d'ammoniac 4n conduit à une plus forte production de cellulases. Par l'emploi du rayonnement ultraviolet comme agent mutagène et de cellobiose comme crible de sélection, nous avons isolé le mutant 42 qui produit deux fois plus de cellulases que la souche parent. Nous avons également montré que la cellulose avicel est meilleure inductrice de l'endo et de l'exoglucanase aussi bien chez cl. Cellulolyticum que chez le mutant. L'étude de l'association de cl. Cellulolyticum et du mutant 42 a permis de produire 4,7 fois plus d'activité xylanasique.
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Pereda, Maria Del Carmen Velazquez. "Avaliação dos efeitos do oleo extraido dos grãos verdes de Coffea arabica L. e dos fitoesterois de Brassica campestris L na melhora da celulite e da gordura localizada." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311276.
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Orientador: Mary Luci de Souza QueirozTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Clinicamente, a celulite é definida como uma alteração na topografia da pele que ocorre principalmente em mulheres, na região pélvica, abdômen e membros inferiores, caracterizando-se pelo aspecto de "casca de laranja". Etiologicamente, celulite é definida como uma desordem metabólica localizada do tecido subcutâneo que provoca uma alteração na forma corporal, onde muitas estruturas são alteradas na derme, na micro circulação e, também, no tecido adiposo. Este fenômeno, por sua vez, está associado com modificações morfológicas, histoquímicas e bioquímicas na pele e resultam nas alterações que levam ao desconforto estético e à aparência clínica da celulite. Partes destas alterações decorrem do acúmulo de lipídeos no interior de adipócitos, células chave no equilíbrio lipólise-lipogênese, o qual é visto hoje como uma unidade glandular funcional capaz de promover uma relação direta com o sistema nervoso central. Pesquisas atuais indicam que a busca por substâncias capazes de promover a homeostase dermo-hipodérmica através de uma ação lipolítica direta, aliada ao estímulo da produção de fatores de crescimento, especialmente TGF-? e GM-CSF, bem como de proteínas da matriz extracelular, como colágeno, elastina e GAGs, além de substâncias reguladoras do metabolismo adipocitário. Tendo em vista a complexidade clínica e estética da celulite, bem como as alterações bioquímicas dérmicas e hipodérmicas, buscamos neste trabalho avaliar os efeitos da associação entre o extrato oleoso dos grãos verdes de café (Coffea arabica L.) (OC) e os fitoesteróis de canola (Brassica campestris L.) (F), cuja combinação resulta no produto Slimbuster® L (SBL). Para isto, avaliamos neste estudo os efeitos in vitro (fibroblastos e adipócitos humanos), ex-vivo (fragmentos de pele humana) e clínicos (voluntários humanos) de SBL, OC e/ou F, utilizando metodologias e modelos experimentais que possibilitassem a visão global do processo celulítico. Os resultados demonstram que SBL foi capaz de estimular significativamente a lipólise, a síntese de leptina em cultura de adipócitos humanos, a produção de GM-CSF, TGF-?, colágeno, elastina e GAGs em cultura de fibroblastos humanos, a contração de fibroblastos em gel de colágeno, bem como promover a melhora das características histológicas gerais da pele (ex-vivo). As frações isoladas (OC e F) também demonstraram efeitos importantes e distintos, sendo estes mais pronunciados para OC e potencializados quando ambos são associados (SBL). Os resultados clínicos demonstram que o produto Slimbuster® L foi bem apreciado pelas voluntárias quanto aos itens "facilidade de aplicação", "pele mais lisa" e "pele mais macia", "atenuação de celulite" e "redução de gordura", especialmente após 60 dias de utilização de uma loção corporal contendo 3,0% (p/p) do produto. Os resultados das medidas instrumentais obtidos demonstram que o produto foi capaz de reduzir significativamente as medidas na região da coxa (superior, mediana e inferior), sendo esta diminuição centimétrica observada em aproximadamente 30% do painel em D30 e em 50% do painel em D60. As demais áreas avaliadas - abdome, pernas e quadris - não apresentaram significância estatística, porém devem ser levadas em consideração, pois apresentaram forte tendência após 60 dias de aplicação da loção corporal, indicando uma possível melhora significativa com o uso prolongado. A análise adipométrica das voluntárias demonstrou também forte tendência de redução da taxa de gordura localizada nas regiões do abdome, supra-ilíaca, supra-espinal e coxa proximal. A espessura da hipoderme através da ultrassonografia (ecografia) possibilitou observar uma redução superior a 2% nas regiões da coxa e abdome em aproximadamente 70% do painel em todos os tempos experimentais avaliados (D30 e D60). De acordo com todos os resultados obtidos neste trabalho, podemos concluir que o produto Slimbuster® L pode ser considerada uma ferramenta segura e eficaz na prevenção e tratamento tópico da gordura localizada e celulite
Abstract: Cellulite is an alteration of the topography of the skin that occurs mainly in women on the pelvic region, lower limbs and abdomen. It is characterized by a padded or 'orange peel' appearance. In according with its etiology, cellulite is defined as a metabolic located disorder of the subcutaneous tissue that provokes an alteration in the physical form, where many structures are alterated in the dermis, in the microcirculation and within the adipocytes. This phenomenon is associated to morphological, histochemical and biochemical modifications in the skin, culminating in the alterations that lead to the aesthetic discomfort and to the clinical appearance of the cellulitis. These alterations are consequence, in parts, from the lipid accumulation into the adypocites, crucial cells in the lypolisis-lipogenesis balance, and it is considerate as a glandular functional unity able to promote a fine-tune interaction with the central nervous system. Recent studies indicate the search for active substances with the ability of promote the dermo-hypodermic homeostasis through lipolytic action, allied to the stimulus of the production of growth factors, mainly TGF-? and GM-CSF, proteins of extracellular matrix, such as collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycans, as well as substances ables to regulate the adipocyte metabolism. According to the clinical and aesthetic complexity of the cellulitis, as well as the biochemical alterations in the dermis and hypodermis, in this work we evatuate the effects of green coffee seed oil (Coffea arabica L.) and canola phytoesterols (Brassica campestris L.) (F), whose association is the product Slimbuster L (SBL). In this way, we evaluate in this study the effects of these compounds through in vitro, ex-vivo and clinical assessment, using methodologies and experimental models that show the global vision of the process of cellulites. The results demonstrate that SBL was able to stimulate significantly the lipolysis, the synthesis of leptin in human adipocyte cell culture, the production of GM-CSF, TGF-?, collagen, elastin and GAGs in human fibroblast cell culture, the contraction of fibroblastos in collagen gel matrix, as well as promoting the improvement of skin general histologic aspect. The separated fractions (OC and F) also demonstrated important and different effects, being this more pronounced for OC and when both (OC e F) are associated (SBL). The clinical results demonstrate that Slimbuster L was well appreciated by the volunteers for the items "facility of application", "more smooth skin" and "shear it more me" reduction of cellulite" and "reduction of fat accumulation", specially after 60 days use of a body lotion containing 3.0% (w/w) of SBL. The results of the instrumental assessment obtained demonstrate that SBL was able to reduce significantly the measures in the region of the thigh (superior, medium and inferior), being this centrimetric reduction observed in approximately 30% of the panel at D30 and in 50% of the panel at D60. The other evaluated areas - abdome, legs and hips - did not present statistical significance, however they must be taken into account since they presented strong tendency after 60 days of application of the body lotion, indicating a possible improvement with the time of use. The adipometric analysis of the volunteers demonstrated a strong tendency of accumulated fat reduction in the areas of abdomen, supra-iliac, supra-spinal and proximal thigh. The thickness of hypodermis measured by ultrasonography (ecography) showed a reduction superior to 2% in the areas of the thigh and abdomen in approximately 70% of the panel in the all experimental evaluated times (D30 and D60). In according to the results presented in this work, we can conclude that the product Slimbuster L can be considered a safe and efficient tool in the prevention and topical treatment of the located fat and cellulite
Doutorado
Farmacologia
Doutor em Farmacologia
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Peri, Suma Lee Yoon Y. "Kinetic investigation and modeling of cellulase enzyme using non-crystalline cellulose and cello-oligosaccharides." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/PERI_SUMA_47.pdf.
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Mohty, Mohamad. "Isolement et caractérisation fonctionnelle des cellules dendritiques circulantes chez les patients atteints de leucémies myéloi͏̈des." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11129.
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Mayende, Lungisa. "Isolation of a Clostridium Beijerinckii sLM01 cellulosome and the effect of sulphide on anaerobic digestion." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004032.
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Cellulose is the most abundant and the most resistant and stable natural organic compound on earth. Enzyme hydrolysis is difficult because of its insolubility and heterogeneity. Some (anaerobic) microorganisms have overcome this by having a multienzyme system called the cellulosome. The aims of the study were to isolate a mesophilic Clostridium sp. from a biosulphidogenic bioreactor, to purify the cellulosome from this culture, to determine the cellulase and endoglucanase activities using Avicel and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as substrates and the dinitrosalicyclic (DNS) method. The organism was identified using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The sequence obtained indicated that a strain of Clostridium beijerinckii was isolated. The cellulosome was purified from the putative C. beijerinckii sLM01 host culture using affinity chromatography purification and affinity digestion purification procedures. The cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal fractions of C. beijerinckii sLM01 were separated successfully, but the majority of the endoglucanase activity was lost during the Sepharose 4B chromatography step. These cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal fractions were characterised with regards to their pH and temperature optima and effector sensitivity. Increased additions of sulphide activated the cellulase activity of the cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal fractions up to 700 %, while increased additions of sulphate either increased the activity slightly or inhibited it dramatically, depending on the cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal fractions. Increased additions of cellobiose, glucose and acetate inhibited the cellulase and endoglucanase activities. pH optima of 5.0 and 7.5 were observed for cellulases and 5.0 for endoglucanases of the cellulosomal fraction. The noncellulosomal fraction exhibited a pH optimum of 7.5 for both cellulase and endoglucanase activities. Both fractions and enzymes exhibited a temperature optimum of 30 °C. The fundamental knowledge gained from the characterisation was applied to anaerobic digestion, where the effect of sulphide on the rate-limiting step was determined. Sulphide activated cellulase and endoglucanase activities and increased the % chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate. Levels of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were higher in the bioreactor containing sulphide, substrate and C. beijerinckii. Sulphide therefore accelerated the rate-limiting step of anaerobic digestion.
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Linder, Markus. "Structure-function relationships in fungal cellulose-binding domains /." Espoo, Finland : VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1996. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/1996/P294.pdf.
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Roussos, Sevastianos. "Croissance de Trichoderma harzianum par fermentation en milieu solide : physiologie, sporulation et production de cellulases /." Paris : Ed. de l'ORSTOM, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349545941.
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Porter, Suzanne L. "Evidence of multiple cellulase forms in Trichoderma harzianum E58 and their significance in cellulose hydrolysis." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5829.
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The occurrence of multiple cellulase components of Trichoderma harzianum E58 and the implications of their existence on the hydrolysis of cellulose were examined. A single commercial enzyme preparation, Novo-Celluclast, showed different extents of hydrolysis of several cellulosic substrates over time. The filter paper activities of six batches of T. harzianum E58 showed poor correlation with the ability of these enzymes to hydrolyze other cellulosic substrates over extended periods of time. Hydrolysis of a single substrate by a single enzyme preparation resulted in similar slopes in reducing sugar production with enzyme concentration, between one-hour and twenty-four-hour hydrolyses. The multiplicity of the cellulase components of T. harzianum E58 was examined, and the number of endoglucanase components and their specificities towards $\beta$-1,4-linkages were studied. Several types of endoglucanases were produced by the fungus. The role of the exoglucanase was examined using sub-saturation concentrations of T. harzianum E58 cellulase. No significant increase in hydrolysis was observed when purified exoglucanase was added to the cellulase mixture. The high proportion of non-specific endoglucanases and the need for an efficient endoglucanase-to-exoglucanase ratio are discussed in terms of a modified model for cellulose hydrolysis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Pierrat, Sébastien. "Etude de l'adhésion cellulaire à différentes échelles de la molécule unique à la cellule." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066485.
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Chakrabarti, Ajoy Chuni Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "One-step conversion of cellulose to fructose using co-immobilized cellulase, B-glucosidase and glucose isomerase." Ottawa, 1988.
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Zhu, Zhiguang. "Investigating biomass saccharification for the production of cellulosic ethanol." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32189.
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The production of second generation biofuels -- cellulosic ethanol from renewable lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to lead the bioindustrial revolution necessary to the transition from a fossil fuel-based economy to a sustainable carbohydrate economy. Effective release of fermentable sugars through biomass pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis is among the most costly steps for emerging cellulosic ethanol biorefineries.
In this project, two pretreatment methods (dilute acid, DA, and cellulose solvent- and organic solvent-lignocellulose fractionation, COSLIF) for corn stover were compared. It was found that glucan digestibility of the corn stover pretreated by COSLIF was much higher, along with faster hydrolysis rate, than that by DA- pretreated. This difference was more significant at a low enzyme loading. Quantitative measurements of total substrate accessibility to cellulase (TSAC), cellulose accessibility to cellulase (CAC), and non-cellulose accessibility to cellulase (NCAC) based on adsorption of a non-hydrolytic recombinant protein TGC were established to find out the cause. The COSLIF-pretreated corn stover had a CAC nearly twice that of the DA-pretreated biomass. Further supported by qualitative scanning electron microscopy images, these results suggested that COSLIF treatment disrupted microfibrillar structures within biomass while DA treatment mainly removed hemicelluloses, resulting in a much less substrate accessibility of the latter than of the former. It also concluded that enhancing substrate accessibility was the key to an efficient bioconversion of lignocellulose.
A simple method for determining the adsorbed cellulase on cellulosic materials or pretreated lignocellulose was established for better understanding of cellulase adsorption and desorption. This method involved hydrolysis of adsorbed cellulase in the presence of 10 M of NaOH at 121oC for 20 min, followed by the ninhydrin assay for the amino acids released from the hydrolyzed cellulase. The major lignocellulosic components (i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) did not interfere with the ninhydrin assay. A number of cellulase desorption methods were investigated, including pH adjustment, detergents, high salt solution, and polyhydric alcohols. The pH adjustment to 13.0 and the elution by 72% ethylene glycol at a neutral pH were among the most efficient approaches for desorbing the adsorbed cellulase. For the recycling of active cellulase, a modest pH adjustment to 10.0 may be a low-cost method to desorb active cellulase. More than 90% of cellulase for hydrolysis of the pretreated corn stover could be recycled by washing at pH 10.0.
This study provided an in-depth understanding of biomass saccharification for the production of cellulosic ethanol for cellulose hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption and desorption. It will be of great importance for developing better lignocellulose pretreatment technologies and improving cellulose hydrolysis by engineered cellulases.Master of Science
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Ribaut, Clotilde. "Elaboration d'un biocapteur cellulaire impédancemétrique pour la mesure des changements physiologiques affectant la cellule parasitée." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/534/.
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L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est d'étudier les changements physiologiques affectant des cellules parasitées et en particulier de mettre en évidence le stress oxydant provenant de l'infection à l'aide de la spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique. Les études impédancemetriques réalisées d'une part sur des globules rouges parasités par Plasmodium falciparum (agent pathogène du paludisme), et d'autre part sur des macrophages infectés par Leishmania amazonensis responsable de la leishmaniose ont mis en évidence des différences entre les deux états cellulaires, sain et parasité des cellules hôtes. Dans le cas des macrophages infectés, cette technologie innovante a permis la détection d'espèces caractéristiques du stress oxydant qui ont par ailleurs été détectées par d'autres techniques, la résonance paramagnétique électronique et la microscopie confocaleThe aim of the present work is to study physiological changes affecting parasitized cells and in particular the oxidative stress originating from the infection using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Impedancemetric studies carried out with in one hand red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum (malaria agent) and in the other hand macrophages infected by Leishmania amazonensis responsible of leishmaniasis allow differentiation between healthy and infected state of the host cell. In the case of infected macrophages, this innovative technology allows the detection of species characteristic of the oxidative stress which has been highlighted elsewhere by other techniques such as electronic paramagnetic resonance and confocal microscopy
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Bierinx, Anne-Sophie. "La cellule satellite, clé de l'efficacité des thérapies cellulaire et génique du muscle strie déficient." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA113004.
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Les cellules satellites sont des cellules souches adultes mononucléées normalement quiescentes mais capables de se multiplier pour participer à la croissance et à la régénération des fibres musculaires. Elles sont situées à leur périphérie, entre le sarcolemme et la matrice extracellulaire. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés au transfert de ces cellules dans un muscle lésé pour optimiser sa régénération. L’autogreffe de ces cellules après culture pour amplification est une solution tentante pour corriger les incontinences urinaires résultant d’une déficience du sphincter strié urétral. Des améliorations fonctionnelles ont été décrites bien que le devenir des cellules injectées soit très incertain. En partant de l’hypothèse que les cellules cultivées en dehors de leur environnement perdent leur potentialité régénératrice, nous avons tenté d’interposer des micros fragments de fibres musculaires squelettiques contenant leurs cellules satellites dans le vide occasionné par une résection partielle de l’urètre chez le rat mâle. Nous avons montré que les rats greffés ne sont pas incontinents alors que les rats simplement suturés le sont. Un mois après l’intervention, les rats suturés ne présentent pas de contraction urétrale tandis que les rats greffés retrouvent une activité sphinctérienne et des cycles de miction proches des rats continents. Actuellement, nous ne disposons pas de données histologiques pour expliquer ce résultat. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, nous avons tenté de retarder et/ou d’améliorer le phénotype dystrophique en injectant le gène d’un inhibiteur de la myostatine couplé à un AAV chez des souriceaux mdx avant leur première poussée de nécrose musculaire. Bien que le construct soit présent jusqu'à la 8ème semaine dans le muscle injecté, nous n’avons observé aucune différence avec des souris mdx contrôles, à différentes dates après l’injection, tant pour la force de contraction que pour l’aspect microscopique. La régénération des fibres musculaires se réalisant par la fusion de myoblastes issus de la prolifération des cellules satellites, nous en avons conclu que ces cellules de petite taille n’ont pas été transfectées au moment de l’injection. Considérées ensemble, ces deux expériences, l’une de thérapie cellulaire, l’autre de thérapie génique, montrent le rôle clé joué par les cellules satellites dans la correction des pathologies musculaires. Aussi bien la conservation de leur environnement naturel que les conditions de leur transfection in vivo sont des thématiques incontournables pour les thérapies musculaires du futurSatellite cells are mononucleated cells located at the periphery of the muscle fibre, between the sarcolema and the extracellular matrix. They are quiescent in adult and considered as stem cells. When they are activated, they are allowed to proliferate in order to grow muscle fibre in young or to regenerate injured fibres. In the first part of the present study, we researched how optimize the regeneration of the urethral striated sphincter as it is injured after prostatectomy leading to urinary incontinence. Up today, injections of cultivated myogenic cells result of temporary functional improvement but the fate of the injected cells remains uncertain. Furthermore myogenic cells loss their regenerative capacities when they are cultivated outside their natural environment. We tested the implantation of freshly minced muscle fragments that contain satellite cells surviving in their “cellular niche”, into the gap resulting from a partial urethral resection in male rat. 28 days after surgery, sutured rats remained fully incontinent without urethral activity since autografted rats returned to continence with micturition cycles and sphincter activity close to normal. In the second part, we have attempted to delay and/or ameliorate the course of the dystrophic muscular phenotype by inhibiting the myostatin activity. An AAV-mediated myostatin propeptide gene was injected into a hindlimb muscle of 17 old-day mdx mice before the first round of degeneration-regeneration. This treatment was ineffective on the time course of the dystrophy and on the contractile properties of the Tibialis Anterior muscle although the construct was detectable up to 8 weeks of age. Muscle growth and regeneration depending on satellite cell proliferation and fusion, we suggest that these small cells have not been transfected at the injection time. These 2 studies show the main role played by satellite cells in the treatment of muscular diseases. In the perspective of future muscular therapies, “cellular niche” preservation and conditions of in vivo satellite cell transfection cannot be ignored
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Fouquet, Stéphane. "Adhésion et apoptose dans les entérocytes : implication de deux protéines des jonctions cellule-cellule, la E-cadhérine et la protéine cellulaire du prion." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066119.
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Mba, Medie Felix. "Le rôle des cellulases dans les interactions entre les mycobactéries du complexe Mycobacterium tuberculosis et les amibes libres." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20695/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le génome de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, l’agent causal de la tuberculose, code pour une protéine ayant la capacité de se fixer sur la cellulose (Rv1987), une cellulase potentielle (Rv1090), et une cellulase pleinement active (Rv0062). Cette observation est surprenante, car la cellulose est un composant majeur des parois des cellules végétales, tandis que M. tuberculosis est un pathogène humain sans contact connu avec des plantes. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que ces protéines pourraient jouer un rôle dans les interactions entre les mycobactéries du complexe M. tuberculosis avec les kystes d’amibes libres, dont la paroi contient également de la cellulose. Dans notre travail de thèse, nous avons cherché par une analyse in silico la présence de ces trois gènes chez toutes les bactéries ayant un génome complètement séquencé présentes dans la base de données CAZy (accessible en ligne à l’adresse www.cazy.org). Cette étude a montré que seulement 2,5% des bactéries codent pour les trois gènes simultanément. Parmi ces bacteries, nous avons ensuite confirmé expérimentalement par PCR et séquençage la présence des gènes Rv0062, Rv1090 et Rv1987 chez les mycobactéries du complexe M. tuberculosis. Nous avons ensuite vérifié la transcription de ces trois gènes chez la souche de référence M. tuberculosis H37Rv, puis produit dans Escherichia coli des protéines de fusion Rv1090 et Rv1987 et montré qu'elles étaient capables d'hydrolyser la cellulose (Rv1090) et de s’y fixer (Rv1987). De plus, nous avons mis en place un model expérimental d’interaction entre les mycobactéries du complexe M. tuberculosis et les amibes libres dans le but de comprendre le rôle des gènes Rv0062, Rv1090 et Rv1987. Dans un premier temps nous avons montré que M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium canettii ainsi que Mycobacterium avium utilisé ici comme un controle positif étaient capables de survivre dans le cytoplasme des amibes libres telles que Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Ensuite, nous avons montré que M. tuberculosis et M. bovis mais pas M. canettii étaient capables de survivre à l’intérieur des kystes d’amibes. Enfin nous avons montré que M. tuberculosis, M. bovis et M. canettii étaient capables de survivre dans le sol pendant au moins 6 mois. Les données établies dans cette thèse soutiennent le rôle des cellulases dans la survie environnementale des mycobactéries du complexe M. tuberculosis, et ouvrent la voie à l’étude de cette phase méconnue dans le cycle de ces organismesThe genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, encodes a protein with the ability to bind to cellulose (Rv1987), one potential cellulase (Rv1090), and one fully active cellulase (Rv0062). This observation is puzzling, because cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls, whereas M. tuberculosis is a human pathogen without known contact with plants. We hypothesized that these genes could play a role in the interactions between M. tuberculosis complex organisms and amoebal cysts, whose wall contains cellulose.In our thesis work, we have searched by in silico analysis for the presence of these three genes in all bacteria with complete sequenced genomes present in the CAZy database (available online at www.cazy. org). This study showed that only 2.5% of bacteria encode the three genes simultaneously. Among these bacteria we have confirmed experimentally by PCR and sequencing the presence of Rv0062, Rv1090 and Rv1987 in the M. tuberculosis complex organisms. We have checked the transcript of the three genes in the reference strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv and we subsequently produced Rv1090 and Rv1987 fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and demonstrated that they were indeed able to hydrolyze (Rv1090) and to bind (Rv1987) cellulose. In addition, we have developed an experimental model of interaction between M. tuberculosis organisms and the free-living amoebae in order to understand the role of Rv0062, Rv1090 and Rv1987 genes. Initially we have shown that M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium canettii and Mycobacterium avium used here as a positive control were able to survive in the cytoplasm of the free-living amoeba such as Acanthamoeba polyphaga. We have further shown that M. tuberculosis and M. bovis but not M. canettii were able to survive within the amoebal cysts. Finally we have shown that M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. canettii were able to survive in soil for at least 6 months. The data obtained in this thesis support the role of cellulase in the survival of M. tuberculosis complex organisms in the environment and pave the way for the study of this unknown phase in the cycle of these organisms
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Spilmont, Christophe. "Morphogenese et activite secretoire des cellules glandulaires tracheales humaines en culture tridimensionnelle." Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIMM203.
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