To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Cellulose fibers. Papermaking.
Journal articles on the topic 'Cellulose fibers. Papermaking'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Cellulose fibers. Papermaking.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bidin, Nordiah, Muta Harah Zakaria, Japar Sidik Bujang, and Nur Aznadia Abdul Aziz. "Suitability of Aquatic Plant Fibers for Handmade Papermaking." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/165868.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing concerns for future fiber supplies in pulp and paper industries has shifted interest in nonwood sources from agriculture residues and aquatic plants. Aquatic plants with short growth cycles, in abundance, and with low lignin are a potential fiber source. Five aquatic plant species,Cyperus digitatus, Cyperus halpan, Cyperus rotundus, Scirpus grossus, andTypha angustifolia, were examined for fiber dimensions and chemical composition (cellulose, lignin) and compared with other nonwood plants. All aquatic plants possessed short (length, 0.71–0.83 mm) and thin (diameter, 9.13–12.11 µm) fibers, narrow lumen (diameter, 4.32–7.30 µm), and thin cell wall (thickness, 2.25–2.83 µm) compared with most other nonwood plants. Slenderness ratio ranged from 73.77 to 89.34 withTypha angustifoliahaving the highest ratio. Except forScirpus grossus, the flexibility coefficient ranged from 52.91 to 58.08.Scirpus grossushas low Runkel ratio, 0.84 ± 0.17. Fiber characteristics, short and thin fibers, Slenderness ratio >60, flexibility coefficient within 50–75, and Runkel ratio <1, are suitable for papermaking. Cellulose content ofCyperus rotundus(42.58 ± 1.32%),Scirpus grossus(36.21 ± 2.81%), andTypha angustifolia(44.05 ± 0.49%) >34% is suitable for pulp and papermaking. Lignin content in aquatic plants in the present study ranged 9.54–20.04% and below the wood lignin content of <23–30% encountered in pulp and papermaking. Handmade paper sheets produced for paperboard, craft, and decorative purposes are with permissible tensile strength, breaking length, and low moisture content.
2
Dong, Chao, Ying Ye, Li Ying Qian, Bei Hai He та Hui Ning Xiao. "Preparation, Characterization of Cellulose Fibers Grafting by β-Cyclodextrin and their Application for Antibacterial Products". Advanced Materials Research 936 (червень 2014): 784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.784.
Full textAbstract:
Cyclodextrins (CDs) can form inclusion complexes with a variety of molecules making them very attractive in different areas, such as pharmaceutics, biochemistry, food chemistry and papermaking. In this communication the preparation of β-cyclodextrin-grafted cellulose fibers was carried out by reacting β-cyclodextrin with cellulose fiber via citric acid (CA). Both fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and cross polarization magic angle spinning solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS NMR) indicated that β-CDs had been chemically attached to cellulose backbone through the formation of ester bonds. Furthermore, the β-CD-grafted cellulose fibers formed inclusion complexes with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CipHCl). And the β-CD-grafted cellulose fibers loaded with CipHCl showed excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus.
3
Chen, Wen Shuai, Hai Peng Yu, Peng Chen, et al. "Preparation and Morphological Characteristics of Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibrils." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.255.
Full textAbstract:
Cellulose micro/nano fibrils generated from biomass are relative new reinforcing materials for polymer composites, which have potential lightweight and high strength and are renewable. In the present study, the preparation method of extracting cellulose micro/nano fibrils from wood was introduced. After successful disintegration, the morphological characteristics of the wood fibers, purified cellulose fibers, cellulose fibers activated by ultrasonic-wave and cellulose micro/nano fibrils after homogenization treatment, were compared by visual examination and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that cellulose micro/nano fibrils have been efficiently extracted from wood, which have great potential in the application areas of papermaking, bio-nanocomposites, food, cosmetics/skin cream, medical/pharmaceutical, and so on.
4
Ganser, Christian, Ulrich Hirn, Sebastian Rohm, Robert Schennach, and Christian Teichert. "AFM nanoindentation of pulp fibers and thin cellulose films at varying relative humidity." Holzforschung 68, no. 1 (2014): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2013-0014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In papermaking, the formation of bonds between single pulp fibers is influenced by the hardness of the fibers in their wet state. In this work, transversal hardness and modulus of pulp fibers have been studied via atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation in dependence on relative humidity (RH). Additionally, the change in hardness of cellulose and xylan/cellulose model films was also investigated as a function of swelling in the presence of water and calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution. The hardness of pulp fibers is decreasing slowly from 240 MPa at 5% RH to 90 MPa at 80% RH and exhibits a distinct decrease to 2.7 MPa at the fully wet state. The hardness in water is reduced by a factor of almost 100 compared with the dry state; therefore, a form change is easily possible and facilitates the formation of hydrogen bonds on the fiber surfaces. The investigations on the model films reveal that pure cellulose hardens in the CaCl2 solution, compared with distilled water, whereas xylan on cellulose is becoming softer.
5
Zambrano, Franklin, Heather Starkey, Yuhan Wang, et al. "Using micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose as a means to reduce weight of paper products: A review." BioResources 15, no. 2 (2020): 4553–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.zambrano.
Full textAbstract:
Based on publications related to the use of micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC) in papermaking applications, three sets of parameters (intrinsic and extrinsic variables, furnish composition, and degree of dispersion) were proposed. This holistic approach intends to facilitate understanding and manipulation of the main factors describing the colloidal behavior in systems comprising of MNFC, pulp fibers, and additives, which directly impact paper product performance. A preliminary techno-economic assessment showed that cost reductions driven by the addition of MNFC in paper furnishes could be as high as USD 149 per ton of fiber (up to 20% fiber reduction without adverse effects on paper’s strength) depending on the cost of papermaking fibers. It was also determined that better performance in terms of strength development associated with a higher degree of MNFC fibrillation offset its high manufacturing cost. However, there is a limit from which additional fibrillation does not seem to contribute to further strength gains that can justify the increasing production cost. Further research is needed regarding raw materials, degree of fibrillation, and combination with polyelectrolytes to further explore the potential of MNFC for the reduction of weight of paper products.
6
Лебедев (Lebedev), Иван (Ivan) Владимирович (Vladimirovich), Яков (Yakov) Владимирович (Vladimirovich) Казаков (Kazakov), Дмитрий (Dmitrij) Германович (Germanovich) Чухчин (Chukhchin), and Кристина (Kristina) Александровна (Аleksandrovna) Романенко (Romanenko). "THE ROLE OF FIBERS SURFACE IN DEVELOPMENT OF PAPERMAKING PROPERTIES OF TECHNICAL PULP IN THE REFINING PROCESS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (January 15, 2018): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018022248.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this work was to determine the relationship between the values of the fiber specific surface and papermaking properties of the pulp that are changing in the refining process. Quality data on the status and quantitative data on the value of the fibers specific surface for softwood and hardwood kraft pulp with different lignin content and different degree of refining were obtained. When preparing samples was used technology of cryofixation and freeze-drying the wet laboratory samples. The SEM-images of the cellulose fibers surface in the state such as for the sheet forming, obtained on scanning electron microscope ZEISS "SIGMA VP". The SEM-images shows just noticeable difference in development of the fibers surface in the beating process. This is manifested in an increase in the number of microfibrils on the fiber surface. Quantitative data were obtained on the automatic analyzer of the specific surface magnitude ASAP. A visually apparent increase of the surface when beating technical cellulose confirmed quantitatively. The value of the specific surface area increased from 2 m2/g for cellulose after the dispergation into pulp of up to 4...6 m2/g after refining up to 60 °SR. Removal of lignin from cellulose promotes more intensive development of the surface during refining.For different kinds of pulp, similar dependences of physical-mechanical properties (interfiber bonding forces, bulk density, modulus of elasticity) of laboratory samples and specific surface data, which change during refining, are established.The main influence on the change in the structural-dimensional and elastic properties of paper during refining is exerted by an increase in the content of microfibrils on the outer surface of the fibers. The tightness of the correlation and the nature of the observed dependence depends on the wood species from which the cellulose is derived, on the lignin content of the samples, and on the drying method. For softwood pulp, the tightness of the relationship is higher than for hardwood pulp.
7
Housseinpour, Reza, Ahmad Jahan Latibari, Ramin Farnood, Pedram Fatehi, and S. Javad Sepiddehdam. "Fiber Morphology and Chemical Composition of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus) Stems." IAWA Journal 31, no. 4 (2010): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000035.
Full textAbstract:
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) stalks are widely available. Data on their fiber morphology and chemical composition is important to establish their best performance during pulping. This study found that average fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness, and lumen width of rapeseed were 1.32 mm, 31 μm, 5.75 μm, and 19.5 μm, respectively. Rapeseed fibers appear almost identical to wood fibers, but the accompanying vessel elements and parenchyma cells mean that small particles (fines) will be produced during refining. The chemical analysis of depithed rapeseed stalks showed that the cellulose, lignin, holocellulose, pentosan, and ash were 48.5%, 20%, 77.5%, 17%, and 6.6%, respectively. Alcoholacetone, hot water, cold water, and 1%-NaOH solubility were 6.6%, 5%, 13.8%, and 50.3%, respectively. These results indicate rapeseed stalks are suitable for pulping and papermaking.
8
Ulfa, Maria, and Koriatul Isnaini. "The Effect of Soda Pulping Variables on Pulp Properties of Coir Fiber." Acta Chimica Asiana 3, no. 2 (2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/aca.v3i2.47.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The potential use of coir fiber for pulping and papermaking has been investigated. This research aimed to study effects of pulping processing variables (temperature, pulping time, and alkali charge/solvent pulping) on the properties of pulp (residual lignin, alpha cellulose, kappa number and pulp yield) from coir fiber. For this purpose, the coir fibers were cooked using alkali charge (10 to 20% oven dried, as NaOH), pulping time from 60 to 120 min and temperature from 65 to 180oC. Results indicated that alkali charge and pulping time gave more impact on the properties of pulp than temperature. Pulping at high temperature, long pulping time, and high alkali charge resulted in decreasing of lignin, pulp yield, and kappa number but instead on alpha cellulose content.
 Keywords: coir, soda pulping, lignin
9
Colin Chavez, Citlali, Herlinda Soto Valdez, Armida Rodríguez Féliz, et al. "Papermaking as Potential Use of Fibers from Mexican Opuntia ficus-indica Waste." Biotecnia 23, no. 1 (2021): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v23i1.1315.
Full textAbstract:
The papermaking potential of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) waste fibers was studied in this research. Alpha cellulose, lignin, hollocellulose, ethanol/benzene extractives and ash content were determined as 53.7±0.1%, 2.4±0.3%, 61.6±5.7%, 7.1±0.3% and 26.4±0.1%, respectively. The average fiber length, width, lumen and cell wall thickenss were found to be 1.1±0.3 mm, 18.8±6.1µm, 12.1±5.4 µm, 4.3±1.0 µm. Soda pulping was conducted using 20 and 28% sodium hydroxide, cooking temperatures of 160 and 175 °C, cooking times of 60 and 120 min, and liquor- to fiber ratio of 9:1. Soda pulping with 28% sodium hydroxide, 175 °C and 120 min showed a lower Kappa number of 29.60±1.7 and a total yield of 32.2±1.6 %. In general, tensile strength index (36.0±5.0 Nm/g), stretch (1.7±0.3%), breaking length (3.7±0.5 km), burst index (3.2±0.4 KPa.m2/g), tear index (7.3±0.0 mN.m2/g), folding endurance (166 times) and porosity (> 120 s) of OFI pulp were comparable with wood and non-wood pulps.
10
Sheng, Jie, Ruibin Wang, and Rendang Yang. "Physicochemical Properties of Cellulose Separators for Lithium Ion Battery: Comparison with Celgard2325." Materials 12, no. 1 (2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010002.
Full textAbstract:
High electrolyte wettability, thermal dimensional stability, and tensile strength are prerequisites for implementing separators in practical applications. In this study, we report on the discovery of nanofibril membranes derived from various plant fibers commonly used in the papermaking industry, for low cost and higher performances than the commercially available Celgard2325 in regard to the application of separators for lithium-ion batteries. Nanofibril membranes showed water contact angles as low as 18°, negligible size change at a heating temperature of 160 °C for 120 min, and tensile strength up to 137.6 MPa. The homogenization was found to strongly contribute to these improved performances. These findings suggest that the plant fiber-derived nanofibril membranes are anticipated to be promising candidates as separators for lithium-ion batteries.
11
Filipova, Inese, Ilze Irbe, Martins Spade, et al. "Mechanical and Air Permeability Performance of Novel Biobased Materials from Fungal Hyphae and Cellulose Fibers." Materials 14, no. 1 (2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010136.
Full textAbstract:
Novel biobased materials from fungal hyphae and cellulose fibers have been proposed to address the increasing demand for natural materials in personal protective equipment (PPE). Materials containing commercially available kraft fibers (KF), laboratory-made highly fibrillated hemp fibers (HF) and fungal fibers (FF) obtained from fruiting bodies of lignicolous basidiomycetes growing in nature were prepared using paper production techniques and evaluated for their mechanical and air permeability properties. SEM and microscopy revealed the network structure of materials. The tensile index of materials was in the range of 8–60 Nm/g and air permeability ranged from 32–23,990 mL/min, depending on the composition of materials. HF was the key component for strength; however, the addition of FF to compositions resulted in higher air permeability. Chemical composition analysis (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) revealed the presence of natural polysaccharides, mainly cellulose and chitin, as well as the appropriate elemental distribution of components C, H and N. Biodegradation potential was proven by a 30-day-long composting in substrate, which resulted in an 8–62% drop in the C/N ratio. Conclusions were drawn about the appropriateness of fungal hyphae for use in papermaking-like technologies together with cellulose fibers. Developed materials can be considered as an alternative to synthetic melt and spun-blown materials for PPE.
12
Dislaire, Claire, Bastien Seantier, Marion Muzy, and Yves Grohens. "Mechanical and Hygroscopic Properties of Molded Pulp Products Using Different Wood-Based Cellulose Fibers." Polymers 13, no. 19 (2021): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193225.
Full textAbstract:
With an increasing interest for molded pulp product (MPP) in the industry, it is important to fully understand how the manufacturing process is different from papermaking. One specific way to differentiate the processes is to compare their resulting products. As the paper industry uses several wood fibers with various pulping processes, it is interesting to compare some of these fibers, to further progress our understanding of the MPP process. In this study, six different wood fibers were used (as received) and analyzed to obtain the sample with the lowest moisture uptake and highest tensile properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and fiber analysis module (MorFi) observations were performed, as well as moisture uptake measurements after sorption and tensile tests. We observed significant differences between the fibers tested. Kraft fibers (bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP), bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP), and unbleached softwood kraft pulp (USKP)) showed smoother surfaces and less non-cellulosic molecules, such as hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin, in the SEM images. Bleached chemi-thermomechanial pulp (BCTMP) and recycled pulps (R-NPM and R-CBB) both showed non-cellulosic molecules and rougher surfaces. These results were confirmed with the FTIR analysis. With kraft fibers, MPP mechanical properties were lower than non-kraft fibers. Resulting moisture uptake is in between the recycled fibers (lowest moisture uptake) and BCTMP (highest moisture uptake). The removal of non-cellulosic molecules reduces the mechanical properties of the resulting MPP. The incorporation of non-wood molecules, as found in recycled fibers, also reduces the mechanical properties, as well as moisture uptake, when compared with BCTMP.
13
Tozluoğlu, Ayhan, Hakan Fidan, Ahmet Tutuş, et al. "Reinforcement potential of modified nanofibrillated cellulose in recycled paper production." BioResources 16, no. 1 (2020): 911–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.911-941.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was investigated as a reinforcing agent to improve strength properties of papersheets fabricated from recycled pulp fibers of mixtures of old newspapers, old magazines, and old corrugated cardboards. To determine the effects of the NFC on the mechanical and physical properties of the recycled pulp papers, cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) were isolated from wheat straw, pretreated chemically and enzymatically (NFC-OX), and then added to the bulk suspensions of papermaking pulp slurries at various percentages. The electrokinetic and drainage properties of the pulps and the mechanical and physical properties of the papersheets were analyzed and compared. As expected, the addition of NFC/NFC-OX significantly increased the strength properties of papers. Papers containing 4% of NFC-OX (periodate pretreated) presented higher increases in tensile index (43%) and burst index (59.3%) than other papers. However, a high addition of NFC/NFC-OX increased the water retention, which is undesirable for papermaking. Hence, with optimum selection of NFC/NFC-OX and process conditions, higher mechanical properties could be acquired without increasing drainage rate. Compared to the other pretreated NFC/NFC-OX types, sodium-periodate-oxidized NFC-OX samples significantly increased the mechanical properties of the papers fabricated from the recycled pulps.
14
Zhao, Xiping, Pingping Guo, Zhaolin Zhang, Yongqiang Yang, and Penghui Zhao. "Wood Density, Anatomical Characteristics, and Chemical Components of Alnus sibirica Used for Industrial Applications." Forest Products Journal 70, no. 3 (2020): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-20-00006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this study, wood density, anatomical characteristics, and major chemical components were investigated on branchwood, trunkwood, and rootwood of three Alnus sibirica trees grown in Maoershan Mountain, Northeast China. The anatomical structure and composition of xylem within a tree were spatially heterogeneous. At the alpha = 0.05 level, the differences among branchwood, rootwood, and trunkwood were significant in wood density, cell dimensions, extractives, and ash content. The trunkwood was desired as papermaking raw material and structural timber because of its high-quality fibers, cellulose content, and medium density value. Because of its similar density to trunkwood, large-sized branchwood could be used as a substitute for structural materials. The rootwood with low densities and large vessel dimensions was suitable for producing short fiber biocomposite.
15
Betcheva, Rossica I., Hristina A. Hadzhiyska, Neli V. Georgieva, and Lubov K. Yotova. "Biobleaching of flax by degradation of lignin with laccase." BioResources 2, no. 1 (2007): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.2.1.58-65.
Full textAbstract:
Research on lignin biodegradation has become of great interest, due to the fact that lignin is one of the most abundant renewable materials, next to cellulose. Lignin is also the substance that gives color to raw flax fibers. In order to bleach the flax and to keep its tenacity high enough for textile applications, it is necessary to remove the lignin and partially to preserve the pectin. Lignin and pectin are the main constituents of the layer which sticks the flax cells together within the multicellular technical fiber. White-rot fungi and their oxidative enzymes, laccases and peroxid-ases (lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases), are being applied for the biobleaching of papermaking pulp, thereby reducing the need for environmentally harmful chemicals. Some data also suggest that it is possible to use other phenolytic enzymes, such as pure laccase, for this purpose. The objective of the present work was to study the possibility of bleaching flax fibers by pure laccase and combined laccase peroxide treatment, aimed at obtaining fibers with high whiteness and well-preserved tenacity.
16
SKUSE, DAVID, JONATHAN PHIPPS, and TOM LARSON. "Co-ground mineral/microfibrillated cellulose composite materials: Recycled fibers, engineered minerals, and new product forms." January 2021 20, no. 1 (2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.1.49.
Full textAbstract:
When pulp and minerals are co-processed in suspension, the mineral acts as a grinding aid, allowing cost-effective production of mineral/microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) composite materials. This processing uses robust milling equipment and is practiced at industrial scale. The resulting products can be used in many applications, including as wet- and dry-strength aids in paper and board production. Previously, we have reported that use of these MFC composite materials in fiber-based applications allow generally improved wet and dry mechanical properties with concomitant opportunities for cost savings, property improvements, or grade developments. Mineral/MFC composites made with recycled pulp feedstocks were shown to offer at least equivalent strength aid performance to composites made using virgin fibers. Selection of mineral and fiber allows preparation of mineral/MFC composites with a range of properties. For example, the viscosity of such formulations was shown to be controlled by the shape factor of the mineral chosen, effective barrier formulations were prepared, and mineral/MFC composites with graphite as the mineral were prepared. High-solids mineral/MFC composites were prepared at 75% total solids (37% fibril solids). When resuspended and used for papermaking, these high-solids products gave equivalent performance to never-dried controls.
17
Terrones-Saeta, Juan María, Jorge Suárez-Macías, Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino, and Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias. "Development of High Resistance Hot Mix Asphalt with Electric Arc Furnace Slag, Ladle Furnace Slag, and Cellulose Fibers from the Papermaking Industry." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (2021): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010399.
Full textAbstract:
Roads are currently essential links of communication and economic development. However, these roads are progressively requiring higher quality materials, implying a greater impact on the environment, in order to withstand the high levels of heavy vehicle traffic. Therefore, this research proposes the use of industrial by-products to create bituminous mixtures which are more resistant and durable than traditional ones. The industrial by-products used, are electric arc furnace slag, ladle furnace slag, and cellulose fibers from the papermaking industry. These by-products were physically and chemically characterized to be used to conform with bituminous mixtures. At the same time, bituminous mixtures were conformed with conventional materials, thus being able to compare the physical and mechanical properties of the conformed mixtures through different tests. The results showed how the use of cellulose fibers made it possible to absorb a greater percentage of bitumen, as well as the use of electric arc furnace slag and ladle furnace slag created mixtures, with greater Marshall stability. Therefore, sustainable, durable, resistant, and high waste mixtures were developed in this investigation.
18
Terrones-Saeta, Juan María, Jorge Suárez-Macías, Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino, and Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias. "Development of Porous Asphalt with Bitumen Emulsion, Electric arc Furnace Slag and Cellulose Fibers for Medium Traffic Roads." Minerals 10, no. 10 (2020): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100872.
Full textAbstract:
The construction of road infrastructure is one of the most polluting activities that exists today. Therefore, the use of waste from other industries is an excellent solution, since it reduces the consumption of raw materials, reduces CO2 emissions and avoids the disposal of waste in a landfill. In this study, electric arc furnace slag, cellulose fibers from the papermaking industry and bitumen emulsion were used for the conformation of sustainable and porous bituminous mixtures. Electric arc furnace slag was used as a high-resistance aggregate with a capacity sufficient to support traffic loads. Cellulose fibers were added to increase the percentage of binder in the mixture without bleeding problems, thereby achieving greater tensile strength. To do this, first the waste was physically and chemically characterized, then different mixtures were conformed and finally the mixtures were studied by means of the loss by wear and Marshall tests. The results reflected an optimal combination of materials that provided the best results in the mechanical tests, obtaining much better results than the mixtures with discontinuous grading and traditional bitumen emulsion. Therefore, a sustainable, porous and economical mixture for road use is obtained in this research.
19
FERDOUS, TASLIMA, M. A. QUAIYYUM, KAZI M. YASIN ARAFAT, and M. SARWAR JAHAN. "Characterization of chia plant (Salvia hispanica) for pulping." October 2020 19, no. 10 (2020): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.10.511.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, chia plant was characterized in terms of chemical, morphological, and anatomical properties. Chia plant was characterized with low α-cellulose (30.5%); moderate lignin (23.2%) with syringyl to guaiacyl ratio of 1.41; and shorter fiber length (0.67 mm) with thinner cell wall (1.91 μm) and good flexibility coefficient (71.44). Anatomical features showed that chia plant consists of vessels, fibers, parenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells. Chia plant pulping was evaluated in soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) and formic acid/peroxyformic acid (FA/PFA) processes. Chia plant was difficult to delignify in the alkaline process. The FA/PFA process produced higher pulp yield at the same kappa number than the soda-AQ process. Unbleached soda-AQ chia pulp exhibited good proper-ties in terms of tensile, bursting, and tearing strengths, even at the unrefined stage, due to high drainability of the pulps. Alkaline peroxide bleached FA/PFA pulp exhibited better papermaking properties and 2% higher brightness than the D0(EP)D1 bleached soda-AQ pulp.
20
MAYR, MELANIE, RENE ECKHART, IVAN SUMERSKIY, et al. "Flippr° — an industrial research project in Austria." March 2015 14, no. 3 (2015): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.3.209.
Full textAbstract:
Flippr° (Future Lignin and Pulp Processing Research) is a cooperative research project on biorefinery issues, funded by three universities and four pulp and paper mills in Austria. Efforts focus on establishing know-how about structural chemistry of cellulose fibers and lignin for more efficient use of these two major raw materials streams. Several subprojects are related to product innovations for use of lignin, fibers, and fines inside and outside the pulp and paper sector. Research toward added-value use is based on existing industrial production processes to achieve rapid realization. In addition to technical developments, ecological and economical perspectives are addressed by respective subprojects. Preliminary results, such as the establishment of quicker fundamental lignin analysis, are the basis for further investigation on lignin use by the industry partners. The method for high throughput analysis is nearly finalized; it will allow screening of industrial lignin sources in a reasonable time. Research on fibers and fines shows that a differentiated view on technological properties opens up a wide variety of process improvements for papermaking.
21
Wang, Qing, Jieyi Xiong, Guangxue Chen, et al. "Facile Approach to Develop Hierarchical Roughness fiber@SiO2 Blocks for Superhydrophobic Paper." Materials 12, no. 9 (2019): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091393.
Full textAbstract:
Papers with nanoscaled surface roughness and hydrophobically modification have been widely used in daily life. However, the relatively complex preparation process, high costs and harmful compounds have largely limited their applications. This research aims to fabricate superhydrophobic papers with low cost and nontoxic materials. The surface of cellulose fibers was initially coated with a film of SiO2 nanoparticles via sol-gel process. After papermaking and subsequent modification with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane through a simple solution-immersion process, the paper showed excellent superhydrophobic properties, with water contact angles (WCA) larger than 150°. Moreover, the prepared paper also showed superior mechanical durability against 10 times of deformation. The whole preparation process was carried out in a mild environment, with no intricate instruments or toxic chemicals, which has the potential of large-scale industrial production and application.
22
Chen, Guangxue, Linjuan Yan, Xiaofang Wan, Qiankun Zhang, and Qing Wang. "In Situ Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulose Fibers Using D-Glucuronic Acid and Its Antibacterial Application." Materials 12, no. 19 (2019): 3101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193101.
Full textAbstract:
The development of ecofriendly procedures to avoid the use of toxic chemicals for the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is highly desired. In the present study, we reported an eco-friendly and green technique for in situ fabrication of AgNPs on bleached hardwood pulp fibers (bhpFibers) using D-glucuronic acid as the only reducing agent. Different amounts of D-glucuronic acid were introduced and its effect on the size and distribution of AgNPs on the bhpFibers was discussed. The morphology and structures of bhpFibers@AgNPs were proved by electron microscope-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then, a series of bhpFibers@AgNPs with different AgNPs loadings were also prepared by adjusting the concentration of the AgNO3 solution. After a papermaking process via vacuum filtration, the prepared papers displayed an outstanding antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (gram -negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive). It is foreseeable that the bhpFibers@AgNPs have a promising application in the field of biomedical.
23
Bratskaya, Svetlana, Simona Schwarz, Gudrun Petzold, Tim Liebert, and Thomas Heinze. "Cationic Starches of High Degree of Functionalization: 12. Modification of Cellulose Fibers toward High Filler Technology in Papermaking." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 45, no. 22 (2006): 7374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie060135z.
Full text
24
Mei, Y., C. Abetz, O. Birkert, V. Schädler, R. J. Leyrer, and M. Ballauff. "Interaction of spherical polyelectrolyte brushes with calcium carbonate and cellulose fibers: Mechanistic studies and their application in papermaking." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 102, no. 1 (2006): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.23637.
Full text
25
KINNUNEN-RAUDASKOSKI, KARITA, KRISTIAN SALMINEN, JANI LEHMONEN, and TUOMO HJELT. "Increased dryness after pressing and wet web strength by utilizing foam application technology." November 2016 15, no. 11 (2016): 731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj15.11.731.
Full textAbstract:
Production cost savings by lowering basis weight has been a trend in papermaking. The strategy has been to decrease the amount of softwood kraft pulp and increase use of fillers and recycled fibers. These changes have a tendency to lower strength properties of both the wet and dry web. To compensate for the strength loss in the paper, a greater quantity of strength additives is often required, either dosed at the wet end or applied to the wet web by spray. In this pilot-scale study, it was shown how strength additives can be effectively applied with foam-based application technology. The technology can simultaneously increase dryness after wet pressing and enhance dry and wet web strength properties. Foam application of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), guar gum, starch, and cellulose microfibrils (CMF) increased web dryness after wet pressing up to 5.2%-units compared to the reference sample. The enhanced dewatering with starch, guar gum, and CMF was detected with a bulk increase. Additionally, a significant increase in z-directional tensile strength of dry web and and in-plane tensile strength properties of wet web was obtained. Based on the results, foam application technology can be a very useful technology for several applications in the paper industry.
26
Jincy P.J., Anita Das Ravindranath2, and U.S. Sarma. "Ecofriendly Organosolv Process for Pulping of Tender Coconut Fibre." CORD 31, no. 1 (2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v31i1.64.
Full textAbstract:
The huge biomass generated by vendors of tender coconut is the broken husks refuse dumped along roads and highways in Kerala. These dumps become breeding grounds for diseased causing germs and carrier mosquitoes causing threat to human life. In order to avoid pollution and find use of the rejected biomass of tender husks, a study was carried out on pulping of tender coconut husk fibre which could be used for papermaking. The optimum pulping condition, the quality of the pulp and its yield was evaluated using different variables like time and temperature. It was observed that the organosolv process could efficiently remove lignin from the tender coconut fibre yielding maximum cellulose. During the traditional pulping processes such as Kraft pulping to isolate the cellulose fibers for the production of paper, the hemicellulose and lignin fractions are degraded, limiting their valorization possibilities. Organosolv pulping has been advocated as the environmentally benign version of the kraft process. Unlike other pretreatment methods, organic solvents can easily be recycled and reused. The lignin dissolved by organosolv pulping is easily recovered by dilution and is unsulphonated and relatively unmodified. Products like handmade paper, egg cartons, handicraft items, garden articles like paper pots could be made from the organasolv pulp of tender coconut husk fibre.
27
Kumamoto, Yoshiaki, Masataka Ishikawa, Hironobu Kawajiri, Takeshi Nakajima, and Akira Isogai. "Steam-Generating Composite Sheets Prepared Using Techniques in the Papermaking Process. 1. Effective Retention of Iron Powder in a Sheet Using Fibrillated Cellulose Fibers." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 48, no. 22 (2009): 9922–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie900875u.
Full text
28
Terrones-Saeta, Juan María, Jorge Suárez-Macías, Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino, and Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias. "Evaluation of the Use of Electric Arc Furnace Slag and Ladle Furnace Slag in Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixes with Discarded Cellulose Fibers from the Papermaking Industry." Metals 10, no. 11 (2020): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111548.
Full textAbstract:
The construction sector is one of the most demanding of raw materials that exist at present. In turn, the greenhouse gas emissions that it produces are important. Therefore, at present there are several lines of research in which industrial by-products are incorporated for the manufacture of bituminous mixtures and the reduction of CO2 emissions, framed inside the circular economy. On the base of the aforementioned, in this research, bituminous mixtures of the Stone Mastic Asphalt type were developed with electric arc furnace slag, ladle furnace slag and discarded cellulose fibers from the papermaking industry. To this end, the waste is first characterized physically and chemically, and its properties evaluated for use in bituminous mixtures. Later, different groups of samples are conformed with conventional materials and with the waste in order to be able to compare the physical and mechanical properties of the obtained bituminous mixtures. The physical tests carried out were bulk density, maximum density and void index, as well as the Marshall test for the evaluation of the strength and plastic deformations of all the bituminous mixtures manufactured. The study and evaluation of the results showed that the incorporation of slag makes it possible to absorb a greater percentage of bitumen and obtain better mechanical properties, while maintaining a similar deformation and void content. Therefore, it is feasible to use the mentioned slags to create sustainable, resistant and suitable pavements for important traffic.
29
Liu, Jun, and Hui Ren Hu. "Treatment of NBKP with Cellulase to Reduce the Refining Energy Consumption in Production of Grease Proof Paper." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1379.
Full textAbstract:
Refining is an energy-intensive papermaking process where energy consumption contributes about 18% of the total manufacturing cost. Through the application of cellulases before refining, mills can reduce their energy requirement for refining of pulps and realize the aim of energy consumption. In the present study, two kinds of cellulase within or wothout the cellulose binding domains (CBDs) were used to treat the pulp aimed at reducing the refining energy consumption in production of grease proof paper. In order to compare and evaluate these effects on reducing the pulp refining energy consumption, these two cellulases were compared based on their effects on Schopper-Riegler freeness (°SR), fiber morphology and paper properties ( tensile index, tear index). Orthogonal test was used to examine the interaction of enzyme dosages and contact time on the beatability of the pulp. Results showed that the cellulase of Refinase M (within the CBDs) was excellent in reducing the refining energy consumption, when pretreated with 0.02% of Refinase M about 18.5% of the refining energy can be saved, and the properties of paper were not affected obviously. Moreover, results showed that the existence of CBDs in cellulases play a significant role in reducing the energy consumption. Examination of the fiber surface by SEM show notable improvement in fibrillation.
30
Larsson, P. A., and L. Wågberg. "Towards natural-fibre-based thermoplastic films produced by conventional papermaking." Green Chemistry 18, no. 11 (2016): 3324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc03068d.
Full textAbstract:
Strong and ductile barrier materials based on cellulose are predicted to be of great importance in a sustainable society. Such materials can be achieved by partial conversion of the cellulose of wood fibres to dialcohol cellulose. The chemical modification does not compromise the macroscopic fibre structure and still allows for rapid processing by conventional papermaking.
31
Stevulova, Nadezda, Viola Hospodarova, Vojtech Vaclavik, Tomas Dvorsky, and Tomas Danek. "Characterization of cement composites based on recycled cellulosic waste paper fibres." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (2018): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0046.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractNowadays, there is paying an attention to the utilization of natural, renewable and biodegradable resources of raw materials of lignocellulosic character, residues from agricultural crops and wood processing as well as waste from papermaking industry in building composite materials preparing. Also recycled fibres coming from waste paper are considered as valuable material. The objective of this study is to utilize these recycled cellulosic fibres into cement composites and characterise their impact on resulting physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened cement composites. Manufactured cement composites contained 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.5% addition of cellulosic fibres. In fresh fibre cement mixtures reduction in workability with increasing amount of cellulose fibres was noticed. Density as well as compressive and flexural strength of 28 and 90 days hardened fibre cement composites was tested. Distribution of cellulosic fibres with 0.5% addition in hardened fibre cement composites was also observed. The results of density determination of 28 and 90 days hardened fibre cement composites showed reduction in their values related to weight lighter concretes. Compressive strengths of fibre cement composites have shown decreasing character with increasing added amount of cellulosic fibres into the mixture up to 0.5%. Maximal decrease in compressive strength values was observed in composites containing 0.5% of cellulosic fibres. However, obtained strength parameter values of hardened composites had satisfying results for their application in construction as non-load bearing building material.
32
Chen, Zicheng, Huiwen Zhang, Xiangyang He, et al. "Fabrication of cellulosic paper containing zeolitic imidazolate framework and its application in removal of anionic dye from aqueous solution." BioResources 16, no. 2 (2021): 2644–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2644-2654.
Full textAbstract:
The combination of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with other functional materials is a potential strategy for the preparation of advanced MOF-based materials. In this study, a simple approach is reported for the fabrication of cellulosic paper containing zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) through in-situ loading in the papermaking process. The results showed that the ZIF-8 was evenly distributed in the paper substrate owing to the multi-layers structure of the cellulosic fibers, although the loading of the ZIF-8 particles on the single cellulosic fiber was nonuniform. The as-prepared ZIF-8 composites can be used as a highly efficient adsorbent material for anionic dyes in aqueous solution thanks to the positive charge on the surface of the ZIF-8 particles. More than 92% of the methyl orange (MO-) dye in the aqueous solution was rapidly removed through a simple filtration process using the ZIF-8 composite cellulosic paper (hand-sheets made in lab) when the content of ZIF-8 in cellulosic paper was high as 25.1%. In addition, the ZIF-8 composite paper had acceptable flexibility and could be reused at least 4 cycles by washing out the adsorbed dye.
33
Silva, Juliana Cristina da, Rubens Chaves de Oliveira, Larisse Ribas Batalha, and Mauro Manfredi. "Combination of enzymatic, mechanical and ultrasonic treatments for improvement of the properties of secondary pulps." CERNE 19, no. 4 (2013): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-77602013000400016.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluated the property recovery capability of handsheets formed from secondary fibers by combining different techniques. To attain that, pulps derived from post-consumer cardboard scrap were subjected to various refining intensities respectively in a PFI mill (0, 400, 800 and 1200revolutions) and ultrasound (0, 10, 20 and 30minutes), followed by enzymatic treatments with enzymes Cellulase, Hemicellulase, Mixture 1 and Mixture 2 (both mixtures composed of cellulase and hemicellulase). The papermaking potential of the pulps was evaluated by means of physical and mechanical tests on the resulting paper after the relevant treatments. It was found that both the combination of PFI mill refining with enzymatic treatments and the combination of ultrasound with enzymatic treatments were effective in improving paper properties. It was also found that interfiber bonding properties such as tensile index and ring crush strength had greater increases, in relation to the initial pulp, in pulps derived from the combined PFI mill refining with enzymatic treatments. As for intrinsic fiber strength properties, such as tear resistance, had greater increases in pulps derived from the combined ultrasound with enzymatic treatments.
34
Bossu, Julie, René Eckhart, Chiara Czibula, et al. "Fine Cellulosic Materials Produced from Chemical Pulp: the Combined Effect of Morphology and Rate of Addition on Paper Properties." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3 (2019): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9030321.
Full textAbstract:
Among bio-based reinforcement additives for paper existing on the market, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) turned out to be a promising material, showing outstanding potential in composites science. Its relevance in papermaking as a new family of paper components was suggested more recently. There remains a number of constraints limiting the promotion of their use in papermaking, mostly related to their high cost and effect on dewatering resistance. Also, contrasting results reported in the literature suggest that the effect of fibrillation rate and quantity of such cellulosic additives in a furnish on the technological paper properties needs further research. The purpose of this study is to produce and characterize different MFC-like fine fibrous materials of varying particle size and degree of fibrillation from the same batch of pulp through mechanical treatment or fractionation. The effect of the thus obtained fine fibrous materials on paper properties is evaluated with respect to their concentration within a fiber furnish. We compared: (i) a mixture of primary and secondary fines isolated from the pulp by means of a purpose-built laboratory pressure screen; (ii) MFC-like fine fibrous materials of increasingly fibrillar character obtained by refining and subsequent steps of high-pressure homogenization. The morphology of the different materials was first characterized using flow cell based and microscopic techniques. The thus obtained materials were then applied in handsheet forming in blends of different proportions to evaluate their influence on paper properties. The results of these experiments indicate that all these products lead to a substantial decrease in air permeability and to improved mechanical properties already at low concentration, independent of the type and morphological character of the added fine cellulosic material. At higher addition rates, only highly fibrillated materials allowed a further considerable increase in tensile and z-strength. These observations should help to allow a more targeted application of this new generation of materials in papermaking, depending on the desired application.
35
Yokota, Shingo, Takefumi Ohta, Takuya Kitaoka, Toshihiro Ona, and Hiroyuki Wariishi. "Preparation of Cellobiose-conjugated Polyacrylamide and its Interaction with a Cellulose Matrix for Papermaking Application." FIBER 65, no. 8 (2009): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.65.212.
Full text
36
Mannai, Faten, Mohamed Ammar, José Garrido Yanez, Elimame Elaloui, and Younes Moussaoui. "Cellulose fiber from Tunisian Barbary Fig “Opuntia ficus-indica” for papermaking." Cellulose 23, no. 3 (2016): 2061–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-0899-9.
Full text
37
Daud, Zawawi, Mohd Zainuri Mohd Hatta, Ab Aziz Abdul Latiff, and Halizah Awang. "Corn Stalk Fiber Material by Chemical Pulping Process for Pulp and Paper Industry." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.608.
Full textAbstract:
The agriculture waste material can give benefit to many production industries. The studied crop is corn (Zea Mays) stalk. The objective of this work was to analysis the chemical composition; to study chemical pulping and papermaking properties of corn stalk and; to investigate the fiber morphology of properties of those crops. Firstly, the chemical composition of corn stalk were determined and compared with other non-woods. After that, chemical corn stalk was conducted in this analysis followed the physical and mechanical properties. The result showed that, corn stalk have cellulose (39.0%) and lignin content is the lowest (7.3%) content rather than other composition. In chemical pulping, reached high pulp yields had been produced and the strength properties: tear index, tensile index, burst and fold verified that they were of an acceptable quality for papermaking. This crop morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), which showed a condensed composition of fiber structure. This study can developed a friendly product and promote the green technology, suitable to be used as an alternative pulp in paper making industry.Keywords: Fiber, Corn stalk, Composition, Green technology, Pulp and paper making.
38
Gao, Wenhua, Luyao Huang, Zhihui Lei, and Zhiwei Wang. "Camellia oleifera shell as a potential agricultural by-product for paper production." BioResources 16, no. 2 (2021): 3734–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3734-3745.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate a potential biorefinery process to realize the high utilization of Camellia oleifera shell (COS), which is an agricultural by-product mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Before treatment by steam explosion, the COS was impregnated with water, 3.0 wt% NaOH solution, or 3.0 wt% H2SO4 solution. The morphological structure and chemical composition of the steam-exploded COS pulp were investigated. The results indicated that the impregnation treatments increased the cellulose content of the steam-exploded COS pulp and decreased the hemicellulose and lignin content. The morphology of steam-exploded COS fiber was short, coarse and stiff. Hydrophobic and colorful handsheets were fabricated by mixing proportional bleached softwood fiber. This study demonstrated that COS was a potential material for the papermaking industry, and the combination of water impregnation and steam explosion treatment for COS was a good pulp process.
39
Barrett, Timothy. "Enzymatic Pretreatment during 15th to 18th Century Papermaking in Europe." BioResources 11, no. 2 (2016): 2964–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.2.2964-2967.
Full textAbstract:
Enzymatic pretreatment of cellulose is generally considered to be a new area of research, but in fact it was a standard step in European pre-industrial papermaking between 1300 and 1800. Specialized handmade papers are routinely prepared in our Center for use in the care and conservation of rare books and manuscripts. Our attempts to replicate some of the early papers have led us to an investigation of retting (or fermentation) of hemp and cotton fiber as a pre-beating step. Results of twenty-two production runs show that increased fermentation time gives increased Canadian Standard Freeness and improved formation quality while permitting a decrease in beating time.
40
Mocchiutti, Paulina, María V. Galván, María C. Inalbon, and Miguel A. Zanuttini. "Improvement of paper properties of recycled unbleached softwood kraft pulps by poly(allylamine hydrochloride)." BioResources 6, no. 1 (2011): 570–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.570-583.
Full textAbstract:
Polyelectrolytes containing amine functional groups such as PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) can be useful, under certain conditions, for improving paper strength. In this work, the charge density of PAH was determined at different pH and ionic strengths; PAH adsorption onto the cellulosic fibers was characterized, and the effects of low PAH dosage on the papermaking properties were evaluated. It was found that the ionization of PAH is complete in acid media, but it is partial and depends on the ionic strength in neutral media. The adsorption isotherms of PAH on a recycled pulp from kraft liner allowed us to determine the amount needed to saturate the adsorption capacity of the fibers. For the three ionic strengths analyzed, the swelling of the fibers decreased when PAH was added in an amount corresponding to saturation (0.23% PAH on dried pulp). Nevertheless, the swelling was recovered when the amount of PAH was the double the saturation level (0.46% PAH on dried pulp). At these levels of addition, the papermaking properties were clearly improved, especially compressive strengths SCT (short compressive test) and CMT (concora medium test). The Page equation of tensile strength showed that PAH improved the shear bond strength, while the relative bonding area slightly decreased.
41
IBRAHIM, MAHA M., FARDOUS MOBARAK, EHAB I. SALAH EL-DIN, ABD EL-HAY E. EBAID, and MOHAMED A. YOUSSEF. "Modified Egyptian Talc as Internal and Surface Treatments for Papermaking." April 2009 8, no. 4 (2009): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj8.4.15.
Full textAbstract:
Mineral fillers have long been used in papermaking. In Egypt, talc has been used, without modifica-tion, as filler or coating for bleached rice straw pulp. For this study, talc was modified chemically with starch, car-boxymethyl cellulose, glycerol, dodecytrimethyammonium bromide, polyacrylamide and poly(vinyl alcohol). Talc is chemically inert; the modification was carried out to change the nature of the native talc. Researchers then studied the mechanical and optical properties for filled and coated papers. The results indicated that modified talc enhances the mechanical and optical properties for filled or coated handsheets. Scanning electron micrographs of the filled and coated sheets were investigated; results of the study showed that talc modification can improve filler-fiber-filler bond.
42
del Río, José C. "Editorial- Valorization of Agroforest Crops for Biomass Utilization." Open Agriculture Journal 4, no. 1 (2010): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501004010085.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing need to consider alternative agricultural strategies that move an agricultural industry focused on food production to one that also supplies the needs of other industrial sectors, such as paper, textiles, biofuels or added-value chemicals, in the context of the so-called lignocellulose biorefinery. Biorefineries use renewable raw materials to produce energy together with a wide range of everyday commodities in an economic manner. Decreasing our dependency on fossil fuel reserves and boosting rural development are important goals of modern society. Biorefineries are therefore seen as a very promising route to meeting our aims for sustained prosperity and preserving the environment. Renewable sources of energy and products are required for sustainable development of our society in the near future. Plant biomass is the main source of renewable materials in Earth and represents a potential source of renewable energy and biobased products. Biomass is available in high amounts at very low cost (as forest, agricultural or industrial lignocellulosic wastes and cultures) and could be a widely available and inexpensive source for biofuels and bioproducts in the near future. This special issue of The Open Agriculture Journal is devoted to the “Valorization of agroforest crops for biomass utilization” and provides a comprehensive description of the current state-of-the-art in the whole fields of lignocellulose biorefineries, including studies on different feedstocks (plant biomass, agro-industrial residues, energy crops or new industrial crops), technologies for biomass deconstruction and fractionation (i.e. alkaline pulping, organosolv fractionation), and products (i.e. biofuels, composite building materials, lignin, paper pulp and other industrial products). Different papers by internationally recognized experts have been collected for this special issue and report various aspects of biomass utilization and valorization. Among them, the paper by Díaz et al. evaluates different fast-growing species (paulownia, tagasaste, giant reed, leucaena and sesbania) according to their biomass productivity, chemical composition and the chemical characteristics of the liquids obtained after an autohydrolysis treatment. The study confirms the feasibility of the nonisothermal autohydrolysis treatment process for the selected species to yield sugar oligomers and hemicellulosic sugar. The paper by Marques et al., on the other hand, reported the detailed chemical composition of several non-woody plant fibers (bast fibers from flax, hemp, kenaf, jute; leaf fibers from sisal, abaca and curaua; and giant reed), which are used as raw materials for pulp and papermaking, with especial emphasis in the chemistry of lipids and lignin and their fate during alkaline pulping. This study offers valuable information that will lead to a better industrial utilization of these non-woody plant species of high socioeconomic interest. Likewise, the paper by Villaverde et al. provided a review of the chemistry of another interesting crop, Miscanthus x giganteus, as a source of biobased products (i.e. paper pulp) through organosolv fractionation. Organosolv processes have demonstrated their effectiveness as fractionation treatments, therefore special emphasis was placed by the authors on these systems and, in particular, in those using carboxylic acids, such as the Acetosolv, Formosolv and Milox processes. Similarly, the paper by Gullón et al. provided an excellent review of selected process alternatives for biomass refining. Special attention was devoted to biorefinery schemes dealing with the fractionation of lignocellulosic raw materials by chemical treatments. The potential of hydrothermal treatments as the first stage of future biorefineries is discussed. Special attention was also paid to the low-volume, high-added value products that can be solubilized by this type of technology. In the same way, the paper by da Silva and Curvelo reported the acetone-water delignification of Eucalyptus urograndis, a process that also fits perfectly with the biomass biorefinery approach, and obtained high selectivity at the beginning of the pulping process. On the other hand, agricultural residues, which are usually disposed, have major components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) that can also be exploited for production of bioenergy or bioproducts. In this sense, the paper by Jiménez and Rodríguez studied the valorization of agricultural residues by fractionation of their components. The authors review the different possibilities of biomass fractionation by hydrothermal treatments as well as by organosolv delignification. Alternative and novel uses of biomass products are also reported in this special issue. Although an excellent bio-fuel, however, new uses of lignin in more high-value-added products might be more attractive and profitable. Thus, the paper by Gellerstedt et al. focused on the production of carbon fibers from lignin into the wood-based biorefinery concept. Lignin-based carbon fiber is the most value-added product from a wood-based biorefinery. The replacement of construction steel in cars and trucks with a much lighter carbon fiber-based composite will ultimately result in more fuel-efficient vehicles. Various attempts to make carbon fiber from lignins are discussed in this interesting paper. Finally, the paper by Tiilikkala et al. also reports a novel use of another biomass product, wood pyrolysis liquids (so-called wood vinegar), as biocide and plant protection product. Wood vinegar and other slow pyrolysis liquids are produced as a by-product of charcoal production. The aim of this review was to clarify the potential of slow pyrolysis liquids in agricultural use, in particular, in pesticide applications. The main challenges in developing novel bio control technologies are discussed in this paper and the barriers in the commercialization of biological control agents are revealed. In conclusion, all the studies reported in the papers presented in this special issue are intended to get a wider and more rational use of agro-forest resources as is the cultivated plant biomass used as raw material for the manufacturing of bio-fuels and bio-products in the context of the biorefinery approach. As the Guest Editor of this special issue, I wish to thank all the contributing authors and reviewers for their efforts to put forth this collection of papers, that I am sure will be of high interest for the readers of The Open Agriculture Journal.
43
Raunio, Jenna, Toni Asikainen, Marko Wilo, Emmi Kallio, and Levente Csóka. "Affecting the bonding between PLA fibrils and kraft pulp for improving paper dry-strength." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 2 (2020): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2019-0033.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPolylactic acid fibrils (PLAf) were employed as a fiber component in papermaking. The addition of 5 wt % of PLAf to bleached kraft birch pulp increased the tensile index of the resulting 100 g/m2 paper sheets by 20 % in comparison to sheets produced without PLAf. By heat-treating the paper sheets containing 5 wt % PLAf, a 35 % higher tensile index in comparison to sheets produced without PLAf was achieved. SEM imaging showed that the heat-treatment caused the PLAf to melt, which formed a film on the fiber web. The PLAf was ultrasonicated in an attempt to make its surface more hydrophilic and anionic and thus more compatible with cellulose. Chemical additives (cationic polyacrylamide, polyethylene imine and polyethylene glycol) were added to the PLAf/cellulose pulp mixture in order to increase the binding between the ultrasonicated PLAf and cellulose. Ultrasonication caused the PLAf length to decrease and the PLAf surface charge changed by 36 %, indicating that the PLAf became significantly more anionic. Neither ultrasonication of PLAf nor the chemical additives improved the paper sheets’ stretchability. Polyethyleneimine as an additive in an amount of 1 % increased the tensile index of heat-treated sheets made with 5 wt % of PLAf by 19 %.
44
RUNGE, TROY, and CHUNHUI ZHANG. "Hemicellulose extraction and its effect on pulping and bleaching." October 2013 12, no. 10 (2013): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj12.10.45.
Full textAbstract:
A potential biorefinery is envisioned to use the hemicellulose portion of biomass to create transportation fuels or chemicals and the cellulose portion for fiber to be used in papermaking. To understand the effect on hemicellulose removal to pulpability and bleachability, a liquid hot water extraction was performed on two types of biomass with high hemicellulose content: poplar and miscanthus. The resulting materials were pulped using either a soda anthraquinone or kraft process. The pulps were then oxygen delignified and bleached with an elemental chlorine free sequence. The results demonstrate that a significant portion of hemicellulose can be extracted using liquid hot water extraction conditions of 170°C, 60 min, and a 6:1 ratio, with minimal glucan degradation. These low hemicellulose-content pulps delignified similarly to the control pulp, but had lower oxidative demand because of the absence of hemicellulose degradation products. Oxygen delignification of the low hemicellulose-content pulps was enhanced, but so was cellulose degradation. The delignification gains resulted in higher brightness ceilings for the pulps when a D(EP)D sequence was used. Measured fiber morphology did not change significantly from extracting the hemicellulose. Overall, hemicellulose extraction before pulping improved the efficiency of pulping and bleaching materials to a high brightness, but increased cellulose degradation.
45
Song, Ruo Yuan, Lai Jiu Zheng, Yu Ping Zhao, and Yong Fang Qian. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Short Antheraea pernyi Silk Fiber Reinforced Onion Composite." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.110.
Full textAbstract:
To protect resource and environment, recently, the effective recycling of waste natural resources has been paid increased attention by many countries. In this study, the waste onion was used as the matrix material, and the Antheraea pernyi (A. pernyi) silk was used as the reinforcement fiber. The silk/onion composite paper with different fiber content was developed by papermaking technology. The morphological observation and tensile property tests were done. The consequence indicated that the onion had definite matrix property. Onion cell is also looked as a natural nanocomposite reinforced with cellulose microfibrils. The produced onion paper had a tensile strenght of 29.31 MPa and elongation of 1.14%. The A. pernyi silk fiber originated from waste silk quilt had the good reinforcing property for onion matrix, and the tensile property of onion-based composite with different silk fiber content was investigated. The tensile strength of this green-composite were improved remarkably to 46.2 MPa with increasing 31.75 wt% fiber content. The tensile property of this composite can be futher improved by changing the length of silk fiber and coating additives on the composite surface.
46
Colson, Jérôme, Wolfgang Bauer, Melanie Mayr, Wolfgang Fischer, and Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter. "Morphology and rheology of cellulose nanofibrils derived from mixtures of pulp fibres and papermaking fines." Cellulose 23, no. 4 (2016): 2439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-0987-x.
Full text
47
Haroen, Wawan Kartiwa, and Posma Reginald Panggabean. "Application of Pulp Fiber for Automotive Brake Lining." Wood Research Journal 3, no. 2 (2017): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.61-67.
Full textAbstract:
Mechanical and/or chemical pulp fiber is usually used for papermaking and other kind of paper products. In fact, physical properties of chemical and/or mechanical pulp showed that it can be utilized as filler of automotive brake lining. Mechanical pulp is non-asbestos cellulosic fiber with high heat absorption rate which can fit into criterion of good quality brake lining. Pulp fiber was defiberation mixed with some other composite materials can create high fiber bonding with some hardness, friction materials, clutching, heat and dust retainer fiber which is free of asbestos fiber. Current automotive brake lining uses asbestos fiber as main filler, which is in fact known as cancer triggers. A series of study and assessment in using pulp fiber in a specified composition as brake lining filler have been carried out. The research and field experiment revealed that a mixture of pulp fiber can be further examined and feasible for brake lining prototype filler application which is ready for automotive vehicles operation. The development and application fiber brake lining filler has been tested on two wheeled vehicles with considerable result.
48
Daud, Zawawi, Halizah Awang, Angzzas Sari Mohd Kassim, Mohd Zainuri Mohd Hatta, and Ashuvila Mohd Aripin. "Cocoa Pod Husk and Corn Stalk: Alternative Paper Fibres Study on Chemical Characterization and Morphological Structures." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.331.
Full textAbstract:
Due to a shortage of wood source fibre in paper making industrys interest to agriculture residues fibre as a potential fibre sources in this industry. In this situation, importance has been developing in the paper industry from agriculture residue that will replace the wood fibre. Cocoa pod husk and Corn stalk are agriculture residues, which is good materials for paper production. The objectives of this study are to investigate the chemical characterization and surface morphology structure of these materials. The main components of materials which are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash content were parameters that involved in determination of chemical characterization in this study. The determination of chemical composition was accordance to Kurshner-Hoffner approach (cellulose), Chlorine Method (hemicellulose), T 222 om-06 (lignin) and T 211 om-07 (ash content). Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface structure of materials. From results obtained, corn stalk shows the higher amount in cellulose (39%) and hemicellulose (42%) content compared to the cocoa pod husk. In addition, lower lignin content also obtained in Corn stalk (7.3%) rather than that Cocoa pod husk (14.7%). From Scanning electron microscopy images, Corn stalk and Cocoa pod husk contained abundance lignocellulosic and rough surface structure due to the untreated materials. The result either chemical characterization or surface morphology that obtained in Corn stalk and Cocoa pod husk fibre wastes can be used successfully as an alternative fibres sources in papermaking application.
49
PIRAMAN, SHAKKTHIVEL, MARUTHAIYA KARUPAIAH, RAMALAKSHMI MARIAPPAN, SRINIVASAN ALAGAR, and KIM MIN. "Novel CaCO3-polymer nanocomposite fillers for the improvement of bagasse-based papers." November 2016 15, no. 11 (2016): 719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj15.11.719.
Full textAbstract:
Polymeric inorganic nanocomposites have received considerable attention because of their potential application in diverse areas, including papermaking industries. To develop novel filler materials to improve important paper properties, polyacrylamide (PAM)-coated nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanocomposite fillers were synthesized and studied for their chemical and morphological characteristics. The effect of PAM-modified CaCO3 nanofillers on properties of paper made with bagasse-based pulp was evaluated and compared with papers made with pristine nano-CaCO3 fillers. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed the attachment of PAM/CaCO3 nanocomposites with the cellulosic fiber matrix. The scanning electron microscope and light microscopic images confirmed that the PAM-modified CaCO3 fillers deposited larger aggregated clusters of particles on the fiber surfaces more firmly, which caused the improved paper properties. The surface and the optical properties of the bagasse papers filled with PAM preflocculated-CaCO3 nanofillers were tremendously increased without sacrificing strength properties because of the increased fiber-filler-fiber bonding.
50
Mayeli, Nader. "Factors affecting the free shrinkage of handsheets: apparent density, fines content, water retention value, and grammage." June 2018 17, no. 06 (2018): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj17.06.317.
Full textAbstract:
Industrial papermaking is a high-speed process during which a suspension of cellulosic fibers is formed into a continuous web via dewatering followed by drying. Dewatering in the paper machine occurs mechanically in the forming and pressing sections; however, most of the remaining water, whose removal requires applying high temperatures, evaporates in the dryer section. As a result, the paper web shrinks, due to the shrinkage of individual fibers in the paper web. On the paper machine, the paper web is under restraint in the machine direction (MD), whereas it can shrink in the cross-machine direction (CD). The edges of the web shrink more than the center of the web. A shrinkage profile is therefore created in the CD of the web. All machine-made papers exhibit a CD shrinkage profile. The CD shrinkage profile is significant because it affects the final product quality and manufacturing efficiency. The prime cause of the CD shrinkage profile during drying is free shrinkage. The effects of several wood pulp fibers on the free shrinkage of handsheets were investigated to obtain deeper understanding of the mechanism of paper shrinkage during drying processes.