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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cellulose fillers

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cellulose fillers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cellulose fillers"

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Tumawong, Praonapa, Ekrachan Chaichana, and Bunjerd Jongsomjit. "Effect of Immobilization Methods on the Production of Polyethylene-cellulose Biocomposites via Ethylene Polymerization with Metallocene/MAO Catalyst." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 15, no. 3 (October 3, 2020): 752–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8735.752-764.

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Polyethylene-cellulose biocomposites were synthesized here via the ethylene polymerization with metallocene as a catalyst along with methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a cocatalyst. The immobilization method in which the catalyst or cocatalyst is fixed onto the catalytic filler (cellulose) can be classified into 3 methods according to the active components fixed onto the filler surface: 1) only metallocene catalyst (Cellulose/Zr), 2) only MAO cocatalyst (Cellulose/MAO) and 3) mixture of metallocene and MAO (Cellulose/(Zr+MAO)). It was found that the different immobilization methods or different fillers altered the properties of the obtained composites and also the catalytic activity of the polymerization systems. It was found that Cellulose/MAO provided the highest catalytic activity among all fillers due to a crown-alumoxane complex, which caused the heterogeneous system with this filler behaved similarly to the homogeneous system. The different fillers also produced the biocomposites with some different properties such as crystallinity which Cellulose/Zr provided the highest crystallinity compared with other fillers as observed by a thermal gravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). Nevertheless, the main crystal structure indicated to the typical polyethylene was still observed for all obtained biocomposites with different fillers as observed by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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Španić, Nikola, Vladimir Jambreković, Milan Šernek, and Sergej Medved. "Influence of Natural Fillers on Thermal and Mechanical Properties and Surface Morphology of Cellulose Acetate-Based Biocomposites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (June 27, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1065024.

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In the present study, the influence of adding natural fillers to a cellulose acetate (CA) matrix, in order to develop biocomposites, on the properties of the achieved materials has been investigated. Extracted wood flour, holocellulose, and alpha cellulose were used as appropriate fillers. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the fillers and biocomposites suggested the importance of the degree of degradation of filler properties, induced by the chemical treatment necessary for the preparation of the fillers, with emphasis on the content of lignin and the degradation of cellulose. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical analysis revealed that the matrix-filler ratio had a major effect on the prepared CA-based biocomposites, since polarity differences between the two major components caused the reduction of attractive forces in the matrix-filler relation, subsequently altering the properties of the developed materials.

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Michael, Elmer Surya, and Halimatuddahliana. "DAYA SERAP AIR DAN KANDUNGAN SERAT (FIBER CONTENT) KOMPOSIT POLIESTER TIDAK JENUH (UNSATURATED POLYESTER) BERPENGISI SERAT TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN SELULOSA." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 2, no. 3 (September 14, 2013): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v2i3.1443.

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This study was aimed to investigate the effect of empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose content as filler in water absorption and fibre volume fraction of the unsaturated polyester composites. The composites were made by hand-lay up method by mixing unsaturated polyester with the composition of each fillers (empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose) of 5,10,15,20 wt%. The parameter which was carried on the prepared samples was water absorption for each sample every 24 hours until the composites have constant absorption. It was found that the addition of fillers to the matrix caused the water absorption of composites increased at each of composition of fillers (empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose) and the fibre volume fraction increased as the filler content increase.

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Mansor, Mohd Khairulniza, and Ruslimie Che Ali. "Properties Evaluation of Micro-Crystalline Cellulose and Starch as Bio-Filler in Rubber Compounding." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.593.

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Effects of filler loading on the mechanical properties of Epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) filled with bio-fillers were studied. The compounds with different filler loadings (0, 30, 50, 70 phr) were prepared in a Haake internal mixer. Result showed that the viscosity of the compounds increased with filler loading and exhibited longer cure time with higher loading of the bio-filler. The mechanical properties of starch-filled vulcanisates present better tensile strength at 50 phr when compared to micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) filled vulcanisates at similar filler loadings. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of tensile fracture surface of 50 phr starch-filled vulcanisates illustrated a homogenous distribution in comparison with MCC-filled compounds.

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Števulova, Nadežda, Viola Hospodárova, and Adriana Eštoková. "Study of Thermal Analysis of Selected Cellulose Fibres." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0020.

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Abstract This paper provides the investigation of thermal analysis of cellulose fibres which will be used into building materials as a partial filler replacement. Cellulosic fibres come from two various sources: bleached wood pulp and unbleached waste paper whereas these natural fibres have different cellulose contents and another manufacturing process. Natural fibres have been widely used as reinforcing fillers in composite materials in recent years. As a result, they are subjected to thermal degradation during composite processing. It is thus of practical significance to understand and predict the thermal decomposition process of natural fibres and the knowledge will help better design the composite process and estimate the influence on composite properties by the thermal decomposition of natural fibres. The results obtained from the thermal analysis of cellulosic fibres showed differences in their thermal decomposition and also differences in the weight loss due to their chemo-mechanical treatment, the presence of impurities and CaCO3 originating from filler in paper making.

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David, Grégoire, Nathalie Gontard, and Hélène Angellier-Coussy. "Mitigating the Impact of Cellulose Particles on the Performance of Biopolyester-Based Composites by Gas-Phase Esterification." Polymers 11, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020200.

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Materials that are both biodegradable and bio-sourced are becoming serious candidates for substituting traditional petro-sourced plastics that accumulate in natural systems. New biocomposites have been produced by melt extrusion, using bacterial polyester (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)) as a matrix and cellulose particles as fillers. In this study, gas-phase esterified cellulose particles, with palmitoyl chloride, were used to improve filler-matrix compatibility and reduce moisture sensitivity. Structural analysis demonstrated that intrinsic properties of the polymer matrix (crystallinity, and molecular weight) were not more significantly affected by the incorporation of cellulose, either virgin or grafted. Only a little decrease in matrix thermal stability was noticed, this being limited by cellulose grafting. Gas-phase esterification of cellulose improved the filler’s dispersion state and filler/matrix interfacial adhesion, as shown by SEM cross-section observations, and limiting the degradation of tensile properties (stress and strain at break). Water vapor permeability, moisture, and liquid water uptake of biocomposites were increased compared to the neat matrix. The increase in thermodynamic parameters was limited in the case of grafted cellulose, principally ascribed to their increased hydrophobicity. However, no significant effect of grafting was noticed regarding diffusion parameters.

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Manhas, Navdeep, K. Balasubramanian, P. Prajith, Prashant Rule, and Sunil Nimje. "PCL/PVA nanoencapsulated reinforcing fillers of steam exploded/autoclaved cellulose nanofibrils for tissue engineering applications." RSC Advances 5, no. 31 (2015): 23999–4008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra17191h.

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The process of extraction of cellulose nanofibrils by steam explosion followed by electrospinning with biodegradable polymers to yield PCL/PVA nanoencapsulated cellulosic reinforcing fillers for tissue engineering applications.

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Surya, Elmer, Michael, Halimatuddahliana, and Maulida. "Impact and Thermal Properties of Unsaturated Polyester (UPR) Composites Filled with Empty Fruit Bunch Palm Oil (EFBPO) and Cellulose." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.310.

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In this research, the impact properties of unsaturated polyester (UPR) composites filled with empty fruit bunch palm oil (EFBPO) and cellulose were investigated. The composites were made by hand-lay up method by mixing UPR with the content of each fillers (EFBPO and cellulose) of 5,10,15,20 wt.%. The parameter which was carried out on the prepared samples was impact test. It was found that the addition of fillers to the matrix caused the impact strength of composites increased at 10% addition of EFBPO and 5% addition of cellulose. The results were confirmed by fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and supported by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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Leelachai, Kritsanachai, Supissara Ruksanak, Tarakol Hongkeab, Supakeat Kambutong, Raymond A. Pearson, and Peerapan Dittanet. "Effect of Cellulose Functionalization on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin." Key Engineering Materials 757 (October 2017): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.757.62.

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In this study, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured cycloaliphatic polyamine was modified with functionalized celluloses for improved thermal and mechanical properties. Three different types of surface-modified cellulose, polyacrylamide-g-cellulose (PGC), aminopropoxysilane-g-cellulose (SGC), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were investigated and used as reinforcing agents in epoxy resins. The storage modulus of these modified epoxy systems was found to significantly increase with addition of cellulose fillers (up to 1 wt. % cellulose content). An improved fracture toughness (KIC) was also observed with increasing cellulose loading content with PGC and SGC. Among the surface-modified celluloses, epoxy modified with SGC was found to have the highest fracture toughness followed by PGC and CMC at 1.0 wt.% cellulose addition due to the chemical surface compatibility. The toughening mechanisms of the cellulose/epoxy composites, measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed that fiber-debonding, fiber-bridging, and fiber-pull out were responsible for increased toughness.

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Senthil Muthu Kumar, T., N. Rajini, K. Obi Reddy, A. Varada Rajulu, Suchart Siengchin, and Nadir Ayrilmis. "All-cellulose composite films with cellulose matrix and Napier grass cellulose fibril fillers." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 112 (June 2018): 1310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.167.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cellulose fillers"

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Berkowitz, Kyle Matthew. "Characterization and Analysis of Shape Memory Polymer Composites With Cellulose Nanocrystal Fillers." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1396526722.

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Collazo, Bigliardi Sofía. "Lignocellulosic fractions from rice and coffee husks to improve functionality of biodegradable films based on starch and poly-lactic acid." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/123055.

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[ES] La presente Tesis Doctoral se ha centrado en el aislamiento y caracterización de materiales celulósicos y extractos activos, procedentes de las cascarillas de arroz y café, y su incorporación a películas de almidón y mezclas compatibilizadas de almidón-PLA, para mejorar sus propiedades funcionales como materiales para el envasado de alimentos. Las fibras de celulosa (CF) se obtuvieron mediante tratamiento alcalino y de blanqueo, con un rendimiento de 41 y 53 g fibras/100 g cascarilla, respectivamente para cascarilla de arroz y café. Los nanocristales de celulosa (CNC) se aislaron de las fibras mediante hidrólisis ácida, con un rendimiento del 5% respecto a las fibras y con alta cristalinidad (90-92%), resistencia térmica y relación de aspecto (L/d: 20-40). Los compuestos activos se obtuvieron mediante extracción hidrotérmica (180 ºC; 9,5 bares), con un rendimiento de 17-18 g/ 100 g de cascarilla. Dichos extractos exhibieron capacidad antioxidante (EC50: 5,37-5,29 mg sólidos extraídos/ mg DPPH) y antimicrobiana (cuantificada en términos de concentración mínima inhibitoria: MIC) frente a L. innocua (MIC: 48-52 mg polvo/mL) y E. coli (MIC: 50-66 mg polvo/mL). Los materiales celulósicos procedentes de cascarilla de arroz y café se incorporaron a películas de almidón termoplástico (TPS), obtenidas mediante mezclado en fundido y moldeo por compresión. El módulo elástico aumentó un 186 y 121% cuando se incorporó a la matriz un 1% (p/p) de CNC de cascarilla de arroz y café, respectivamente. Del mismo modo, las CF se añadieron a las películas de TPS al 1, 5 y 10 pt%. Ambas CF aumentaron la rigidez y redujeron la extensibilidad de los films, aunque las CF de cascarilla de café mantuvieron mejor la ductilidad al 1 y 5% (p/p). La permeabilidad al vapor de agua de las películas de TPS no se redujo en los materiales compuestos, aunque la permeabilidad al oxígeno se redujo en aproximadamente un 17%. Al incorporar extractos activos a los films de almidón, mejoraron sus propiedades de tracción; el módulo elástico aumentó un 350%, a la vez que se hicieron menos extensibles. Las fibras de celulosa de ambos residuos fueron más efectivas como agentes de refuerzo en los films con extractos sólidos que en los de almidón solo. Se estudiaron también mezclas de almidón-PLA utilizando como compatibilizador policaprolactona funcionalizada con anhídrido maléico y/o glicidil metacrilato (PCLMG o PCLG). Se analizó el efecto de la proporción de PLA en la mezcla (20 y 40% respecto al almidón), y la de ambos compatibilizadores (2,5 y 5%), en las propiedades de los films. Los análisis de la microestructura, el comportamiento térmico y las propiedades funcionales (mecánicas, ópticas y de barrera) de los films, demostraron que sustituir el 20% del almidón por PLA e incorporar el 5% de PCLG podría ser una buena estrategia para obtener materiales adecuados para envasado de alimentos. Además, se estudió el efecto de la adición de rellenos celulósicos (CF y CNC) y del extracto antioxidante de cascarilla de café en la mezcla de almidón-PLA compatibilizada seleccionada. Las propiedades antioxidantes de los films se probaron a través de su eficacia para preservar al aceite de girasol de la oxidación. Se observaron diferencias significativas en las propiedades funcionales de los films cuando los CNC se incorporaron mediante dos métodos diferentes. El efecto de refuerzo de los materiales celulósicos en mezclas de S-PLA fue menos notable que en las películas de almidón, probablemente debido a la superposición del efecto de refuerzo de PLA. El extracto antioxidante no mejoró el comportamiento mecánico en la mezcla, pero le confirió capacidad antioxidante, adecuada para aplicaciones en el envasado de alimentos.
[CAT] La present Tesi Doctoral s'ha centrat en l'aïllament i caracteritzaciò de materials cel.lulòsics i extractes actius, procedents de pellorfa d'arròs i café, i la seua incorporació a pel·lícules de midó i mescles compatibilitzades de midò-PLA, per a millorar les seues propietats funcionals com materials per al envasat d'aliments. Les fibres de cel.lulosa (CF) s'obtingueren mitjançant tractament alcalí i de blanqueig, amb un rendiment de 41 i 53 g fibres/100g pellorfa, respectivament per a pellorfa d'arròs i cafè. Els nanocristalls de cel·lulosa (CNC) es van aïllar de les fibres de cel·lulosa per mig d'hidròlosi àcida, amb un rendiment del 5% respecte a les fibres; en tots dos casos, amb alta cristal·línitat (90-92%), resistència tèrmica i relaciò d'aspecte (L/d: 20-40). Els composts actius s'obtingueren mitjançant l'extracció hidrotèrmica (180 ºC; 9,5 bars), amb un rendiment del 17-18 g/100 g de pellorfa. Aquests composts exhibiren capacitat antioxidant (EC50: 5,37-5,29 mg extracte solit/ mg DPPH) i antimicrobiana, (quantificada en termes de concentració mínima inhibitòria: CMC) enfront a L. innocua (MIC: 48-52 mg pols/mL) i E. coli (MIC: 50-66 mg pols/ mL). Els materials cel·lulòsics procedents de pellorfa d'arròs i cafè es van incorporar a pel·lícules de midó termoplàstic (TPS), obtingudes mitjançant mesclat en fos i modelatge per compressió. El mòdul elàstic va augmentar un 186 i 121% quan es va incorporar a la matriu un 1 pt% CNC de pellorfa d'arròs i café, respectivament. De la mateixa manera, les CF es van afegir a les pel·lícules de TPS al 1, 5 i 10 pt%. Ambdues CF va augmentar la rigidesa de les pel·lícules i es va reduir la seua capacitat d'estirament. No obstant, les CF de pellorfa de cafè mantingueren millor la ductilitat al 1 i 5%. La permeabilitat al vapor d'aigua de les pel·lícules de TPS no es va reduir en els materials compostos, encara que la permeabilitat a l'oxigen es va reduir en aproximadament un 17%. A l'incorporar extractes actius a les pel·lícules de midó, milloraren les propietats de tracció de les pel·lícules ; el mòdul elàstic va augmentar un 350%, mentre que les pel·lícules es feren menys extensibles. Les CF dels dos residus foren més efectives com agents de reforç en pel·lícules que contenien extractes actius, que en pel·lícules de midó pur. També es van estudiar mescles de midò-PLA utilitzant com a compatibilitzador policaprolactona funcionalitzada amb anhídrid maleic i/o glicidil metacrilat (PCLMG o PCLG). Es va analitzar l'efecte de la proporció de PLA en la mescla (20 i 40% respecte al midó), i de la tots dues compatibilitzadors (2,5 i 5%), en les propietats de les pel·lícules. Els anàlisis de la microestructura, el comportament tèrmic i les propietats funcionals (mecàniques, óptiques i de barrera) de les pel·lícules, demostraren que substituir el 20% del midó per PLA i incorporar el 5% de PCLG podria ser una bona estratègia per a obtindré pel·lícules adequades per a l'envasat d'aliments. A demés, es va estudiar l'efecte de l'addició de reforçaments cel·lulòsics (CF i CNC) i extracte antioxidant de pellorfa de cafè, en mescles de midó-PLA compatibilitzades. Les propietats antioxidants de les pel·lícules s'analitzaren a través de la seua eficàcia per a preservar de l'oxidació l'oli de gira-sol. S'observaren diferències significatives en les propietats funcionals de les pel·lícules quan els CNC s'incorporaren mitjançant dos mètodes diferents. L'efecte de reforç dels materials cel·lulòsics en mescles de S-PLA va ser menys notable que en les pel·lícules de midó, provablement degut a la superposició de l'efecte de reforç del PLA. L'extracte antioxidant no va millorar el comportament mecànic en les mescles, però li va conferir la capacitat antioxidant adequada per a aplicacions a l'envasat d'aliments.
[EN] This Doctoral Thesis has focused on the isolation and characterisation of cellulosic materials and active extracts from coffee and rice husks, and their incorporation into starch films and starch-PLA compatibilised blend films in order to improve their functional properties as food packaging materials. Cellulose fibres were obtained through alkali and bleaching treatment with a final yield of 41 and 53 g fibres/100 g husk, respectively for rice and coffee husks. Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from the bleached fibres by acid hydrolysis, with a yield of 5% with respect to bleached fibres, in both cases, with high crystallinity (90-92%), thermal resistance and aspect ratio (L/d: 20-40). The active compounds were obtained by hydrothermal extraction (180 ºC, 9.5 bar) with yields of 17 -18 g/100 g husks. They exhibited antioxidant properties (EC50: 5.37-5.29 mg extract solids/mg DPPH) and antibacterial activity against L. innocua (MIC: 48-52 mg powder/mL) and E. coli (MIC: 50-66 mg powder/mL), which were quantified in terms of the minimal inhibitory concentration. Cellulosic material from rice and coffee husks were incorporated into thermoplastic starch films (TPS) by melt blending and compression moulding. The elastic modulus increased by 186 and 121% when 1 wt% of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from rice and coffee husks, respectively, was incorporated into the matrix. Likewise, cellulose fibres (CF) were incorporated into TPS films at 1, 5 and 10 wt%. Both CF increased the film stiffness while reducing its stretchability. However, CF from coffee husk better maintained the film ductility at 1 and 5 wt%. The water vapour permeability of TPS films was not reduced in composites, although oxygen permeability was lowered by about 17%. When active extracts were incorporated into starch films, they improved the tensile properties; the elastic modulus increased by about 350%, while films became less stretchable. The cellulosic fibres from both residues were more effective as reinforcing agents in films containing extract solids than in net starch films. Starch-PLA blend films were also studied using grafted polycaprolactone with maleic anhydride and/or glycidyl methacrylate (PCLMG or PCLG) as compatibilisers. The effect of both the PLA ratio in the blend (20 and 40% with respect to starch) and the amount of both compatibilisers (2.5 and 5%) on the film properties was analysed. The analyses of microstructure, thermal behaviour and functional properties (mechanical, optical and barrier) of the films led to the conclusion that substituting 20% of the starch by PLA, and incorporating 5% of PCLG would be a good strategy to obtain films suitable for food packaging. The effect of the addition of cellulosic fillers (CF and CNC) and antioxidant aqueous extract from coffee husk to compatibilised starch-PLA blends was also studied. The antioxidant properties of the films were tested through their efficacy at preserving sunflower oil from oxidation. Significant differences were observed in the functional properties of the films when CNC was incorporated by two different methods. The reinforcing effect of cellulosic materials in S-PLA blends was less noticeable than in starch films, probably due to the overlapping of the PLA reinforcing effect. The antioxidant extract did not improve the mechanical performance in the blends, but conferred antioxidant capacity suitable for food packaging applications.
Collazo Bigliardi, S. (2019). Lignocellulosic fractions from rice and coffee husks to improve functionality of biodegradable films based on starch and poly-lactic acid [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/123055
TESIS

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Kiziltas, Alper. "Microcrystalline Cellulose-Filled Engineering Thermoplastic Composites." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KiziltasA2009.pdf.

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Feng, Xianzhong. "Enhanced barrier performance of cellulosic wood fiber/filler network." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58543.

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Cellulose is an abundant material, which is widely used in papermaking. It is both a biodegradable and sustainable material. However, its hydrophilic nature may limit its applications in specific and novel areas such as waterproof packaging and paper based microfluidics. In this thesis, three different routes are followed to render the surface of the paper superhydrophobic. First, chemical vapor-phase silanization is done on handsheets made from wood pulp with untreated kaolin clay and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) as fillers. The effect of fiber length, filler’s type, size, and concentration on the barrier performance of handsheets is shown. Secondly, mircofibrillated cellulose (MFC), which serves as reinforcement agent in paper, is employed as an additive to change the hydrophilic property of paper. MFC is silanized to obtain hydrophobicity before being dispersed into the pulp suspension. Then the resulting paper undergoes an additional silanization (post-treatment). The third approach involves depositing Janus clay particles on untreated paper. A Janus particle has a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic surface. Because clay particles are hydrophilic, they are treated to obtain hydrophobicity on one side, while the other side remains hydrophilic. An efficient method to obtain these types of particles is the formation of a Pickering emulsion. The study here, focuses on the determining the barrier properties of the prepared superhydrophobic or hydrophobic papers: wettability, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and air permeability. The handsheets with shorter fiber length, precipitated calcium carbonate, smaller filler size and lower filler content, were found to exhibit lower WVTR values. The water contact angle of handsheets loaded with fillers, Janus clay particles and hydrophobic MFC, was found to be 120~130°, 141° and 134~144° respectively.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Yousefiandivkolaei, Seyedeh Hajar. "Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled thermoplastics : production and characterization of composites and foams." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26611.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à la compréhension des propriétés morphologiques et mécaniques de la nanocellulose cristalline (NCC) dans des résines thermoplastiques mises en forme à l’état fondu (extrusion et moulage par injection). Dans la première partie, des composites à base de Nylon 6 et de NCC (0-7% en poids) sont préparés et les propriétés morphologiques/mécaniques (tension, flexion, impact) sont présentées. Les résultats montrent que la NCC est efficace pour améliorer les propriétés mécaniques (principalement le module de flexion) avec une faible augmentation de la masse volumique totale. Dans la deuxième partie, un système hybride est évalué en utilisant la NCC (1%) et de la farine de bois d'érable (20%) dans le polypropylène (PP), avec et sans PP maléaté (MAPP) comme agent de couplage. L'analyse mécanique révèle que ces deux fibres produisent un renforcement efficace, en particulier pour améliorer les modules élastiques des échantillons contenant du MAPP. La troisième partie examine la caractérisation morphologique, physique et mécanique de nano-composites moussés à base de NCC et de Nylon 6. Différentes concentrations de NCC (0-5%) et d'agent moussant chimique (azodicarbonamide) (0-2%), ainsi que la température du moule (30 et 80⁰C) sont utilisés pour produire les échantillons. Les résultats montrent que la NCC est très efficace pour améliorer la structure de la mousse (réduction de la taille des cellules, augmentation de la densité cellulaire) et les propriétés mécaniques, en particulier les modules élastiques. Aussi, la concentration de l'agent moussant et la température du moule ont un effet direct sur les propriétés mécaniques car ils contrôlent l'épaisseur de la couche de peau. Enfin, des composites et des mousses sont produits à base de PP. Similairement au Nylon 6, la NCC est très efficace pour réduire la taille des cellules et augmenter la densité cellulaire. Par ailleurs, la NCC permet d'améliorer les propriétés mécaniques du PP, en particulier les modules élastiques spécifiques.
This thesis is devoted to the understanding of the morphological and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled thermoplastics produced by melt compounding (extrusion and injection molding). In the first part, composites based on Nylon 6 and NCC (0-7% wt.) are prepared and morphological/mechanical properties (tension, flexion, impact) are presented. The results show that NCC is effective to improve the mechanical properties (mainly flexural modulus) with limited overall density increase. In the second part, a hybrid system is evaluated based on NCC (1%) and maple wood flour (20%) filled polypropylene (PP), with and without maleated PP (MAPP) as a coupling agent. The mechanical analysis reveal that these two fibers have effective reinforcing role, especially to improve the elastic moduli of samples containing MAPP. The third part examines the morphological, physical and mechanical characterization of NCC/Nylon 6 nano-composite foams. Different content of NCC (0-5%) and chemical foaming agent (azodicarbonamide) (0-2%), as well as mold temperature (30 and 80⁰C) are used to produce the samples. The results show that NCC is very effective to improve the foam structure (reduced cell size, increased cell density) and mechanical properties, especially elastic moduli. Also, foaming agent content and mold temperature have a direct effect on the mechanical properties because they control the skin layer thickness. Finally, composites and foams are produced based on PP. Similarly to Nylon 6, NCC is very effective to reduce cell size and increase cell density. Moreover, NCC is able to improve the mechanical properties of PP, especially the specific elastic moduli.

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Matahwa, Howard. "Chemical modification of polysaccharides with hydrophilic polymers for CaCO3 crystal growth modification and filler retention, for paper applications." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1396.

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Thesis (PhD (Chemistry and Polymer Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
Polysaccharides were modified with selected polymers via the grafting technique. Both anionic and cationic polysaccharides were prepared. Random and crosslinked graft copolymers were also prepared. The percentage grafting was determined by gravimetric analysis and results were confirmed by cross-polarization magic angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy (CP/MAS 13C NMR). These modified biodegradable polymers were then used to flocculate precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). The effects of pH, percentage grafting, crosslinker concentration and polysaccharide concentration on PCC flocculation were evaluated. Furthermore, the effects of anionic and cationic starch, either added to PCC sequentially or simultaneously, on PCC flocculation were also investigated. Generally, anionically modified starch showed excellent flocculation properties, which are desirable for the end application of PCC retention. The effect of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) modified cellulose fibers on calcium carbonate crystal nucleation and growth modification was investigated. When the heterogeneous crystallization of CaCO3 was carried out in the presence of modified cellulose fibers the CaCO3 crystals were found to be residing on the surface of the fibers. The morphologies of the crystallized CaCO3, polymorph and fiber surface coverage were different for cellulose materials grafted with polymers of different functionalities, meaning that there is interaction between the crystal growth modifier and the growing nuclei. The effect of the modified starch on the crystallization of calcium carbonate gave useful insight into designing CaCO3 filler morphologies. It was found that the filler size, morphology and surface properties of fillers can be tailor-made by choosing suitable CaCO3 crystallization conditions as well as a suitable crystal growth modifier. The crystallized CaCO3 had a negatively charged surface. Results of fluorescence studies showed that the PAA modified starch (polymeric additive used) resided on the surface of the crystals. Thus the presence of the polysaccharide on the surface of a filler could be advantageous for strengthening fiber–filler bonding in paper applications. Anionic starch materials were also used to prepare anionic-starch-coated starch particles. Both the anionic starch and anionic-starch-coated starch particles were evaluated for PCC retention and other properties of hand sheets. When anionic-starch-coated starch particles were used there was generally an improvement in the PCC retention, while the other paper properties remained desirable. The success achieved with the use of anionic-starch-coated starch particles now opens the way for the further preparation and testing of various modified starch particles, for optimization of filler retention.

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Racki, Waldemar. "Régulation de la polarité et de la morphogénèse cellulaire par la protéine kinase Cbk1p chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066307.

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Reulier, Marie. "Renewable thermoplastic multiphase systems from dimer fatty acids : characterization of the "morphology-properties" relationships." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE007.

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Dans un contexte de développement durable, des matériaux thermoplastiques multiphasés biosourcés issus de dimères d’acides gras ont été élaborés pour développer une « eco-membrane » durable pour le bâtiment. Différentes formulations intégrant des polymères thermoplastiques biosourcés, polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU) et polyamide (DAPA), des micro-charges minérales et des renforts cellulosiques ont été élaborées et analysées. Les relations « structures-propriétés » de ces systèmes multiphasés ont été étudiées. Les architectures macromoléculaires proches ont permis d’obtenir un certain degré de compatibilité entre les polymères. Les viscosités à l’état fondu du TPU et DAPA sont comparables, ce qui permet une bonne dispersion des phases du mélange lors de la mise en œuvre. Les propriétés mécaniques et la stabilité dimensionnelle des mélanges sont améliorées par ajout de micro-charges minérales. L’impact du facteur de forme des charges sur le module d’Young a été analysé et modélisé avec un modèle micro-mécanique. Des essais du type charge-décharge ont également été menés afin d’étudier le comportement à la fatigue des biocomposites. Enfin, les interactions et les affinités entre les renforts et polymères ont été approchées. Des modifications chimiques ont été développées à la surface des fibres afin de diminuer leurs caractères hydrophiles et d’améliorer la compatibilisation avec la matrice. L’impact de ces modifications sur l’interface fibres-matrice a ensuite été analysé. Les différentes études réalisées ont permis de sélectionner pas à pas les différents constituants de l’éco-membrane pour réaliser in fine un prototype prometteur
In the context of sustainable development, renewable multiphase systems from thermoplastics based on dimers of fatty acids were prepared to develop a renewable waterproofing material for building applications. Formulations based on thermoplastics, i.e. thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polyamide (DAPA), mineral micro-fillers and cellulosic fibers were prepared with a special focus on the morphology-property relationships of the multiphase systems obtained thereof. The close macromolecular architectures promote a certain degree of compatibility between the polymers. Comparable viscosities in the melt state ensure a good dispersion of the matrices within each other during processing. The mechanical properties and dimensional stability were improved with micro-fillers. The effect of the aspect ratio of the fillers on the elastic properties was investigated and micro-mechanical modelling of the Young’s Modulus was performed. The fatigue behavior of the biocomposites was also examined through loading and unloading tests. Finally, interactions and affinities between the fibers and polymers were characterized. Chemical modifications were carried out on the surface of the fibers to decrease their hydrophilic nature and improve the fiber-matrix adhesion. The effect of the chemical modification was then investigated. Step-by-step, the studies carried out ensured the selection of the optimal components for a renewable waterproofing material enabling the production of a promising prototype

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Fumagalli, Matthieu. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de renforts biosourcés." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053815.

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Les élastomères chargés sont des matériaux nanocomposites présentant un compromis de propriétés unique exploité notamment dans les bandes de roulement des pneumatiques. Ils comprennent une charge renforçante, silice ou noir de carbone, qui doit présenter un module élevé, des dimensions nanométriques, et avoir la capacité de se disperser et de former des liaisons fortes avec la matrice. La nanocellulose est caractérisée par une morphologie anisotrope avec une section de l'ordre de 10 nm, et une structure cristalline avec un module d'environ 150 GPa. L'objectif de la thèse est d'évaluer si ce substrat peut être employé comme charge renforçante. Les travaux se divisent ainsi en trois parties portant successivement sur l'obtention d'aérogels de haute surface spécifique, la modification de leur surface, puis leur emploi comme renfort. La mise au point d'un protocole de lyophilisation de suspensions de nanocellulose, et d'un procédé d'estérification par voie gaz des aérogels obtenus, a permis d'obtenir des charges avec une haute surface spécifique et une interface avec un agent hydrophobe ou un agent de couplage. Une attention particulière a été accordée à la topochimie de la réaction dont le suivi a été réalisée par RMN du solide. Ces charges ont ensuite été incorporées au sein d'un élastomère, puis les matériaux obtenus ont été caractérisés par MET et par des tests mécaniques. Dans le cas d'un aérogel de nanocellulose avec une haute surface spécifique et un agent de couplage, les propriétés des matériaux obtenus sont alors caractéristiques du comportement d'un élastomère chargé.

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Trejo, O'Reilly José Antonio. "Synthèse d'agents de couplage, réactions de greffage en surface de fibres cellulosiques et propriétés d'interface fibres-matrices dans des matériaux composites à base de polystyrène." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0019.

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L’objectif principal de ce travail est la modification chimique des fibres cellulosiques, afin d'améliorer leurs propriétés interfaciales lors de leur utilisation comme renforts dans des matériaux composites à matrice polymère organique (polystyrène). La synthèse d'un nouvel agent de couplage pour le système cellulose-polystyrène a été entreprise par la voie de copolymérisation cationique. Une caractérisation complète de cet agent de couplage a été faite par ftir, analyse élémentaire, #1h-nmr, calorimétrie différentielle (dsc) et chromatographie par exclusion stérique (ces). La réactivité de ce copolymère a été vérifiée vis-a-vis des oh et des amines primaires par ftir. Les caractéristiques essentielles pour pouvoir l'utiliser comme agent de couplage sont : une bonne miscibilité avec le polystyrène (matrice), de longues chaînes (mn 20000) et la présence des groupements réactifs (isocyanates) sur la chaîne polymère. A titre comparatif, d'autres agents de couplage ayant des structures et des masses différentes ont été utilisés. Deux d'entre eux portent des anhydrides comme fonctions réactives vis-à-vis de la cellulose. La modification chimique des charges cellulosiques a été vérifiée par ftir, analyse élémentaire, microscopie a balayage (meb). De plus, l'énergie de surface des diverses dérives cellulosiques a été mesurée par goniométrie (angle de contact) et chromatographie inverse (igc). L’imperméabilisation des surfaces cellulosiques vis-à-vis des liquides polaires a été vérifiée. L’adhésion (cisaillement interfacial) entre la cellulose et le polystyrène a été mesurée par des techniques micromécaniques sur composites monofilamentaires. Les techniques utilisées ont été la multifragmentation et le déchaussement ('pull-out'). POUR LES COMPOSITES A BASE DE FIBRES CELLULOSIQUES COURTES, L'EFFET DU RENFORCEMENT A ETE VERIFIE A L'AIDE DE LA SPECTROSCOPIE DYNAMIQUE (DMA). LES PARAMETRES SUIVANTS ONT ETE ETUDIES : TAUX DE RENFORT ET FACTEUR DE FORME (LONGUEUR/DIAMETRE). LE MODELE D'HALPIN-KARDOS REPRESENTE CORRECTEMENT LE COMPORTEMENT DE NOS MATERIAUX.

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Books on the topic "Cellulose fillers"

1

Wang, Xiaorong. Properties of thermoplastic composites made with recycled cellulosic fillers. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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2

Park, Byung-Dae. Application of the Szego Mill for grinding and compounding of cellulosic filler in polymers. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cellulose fillers"

1

Genieva, S. D., S. Ch Turmanova, and L. T. Vlaev. "Utilization of Rice Husks and the Products of Its Thermal Degradation as Fillers in Polymer Composites." In Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites, 345–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17370-7_13.

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2

Klason, C., and J. Kubát. "Cellulosic Fillers for Thermoplastics." In Polymer Composites, edited by Blahoslav Sedlácek, 153–66. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110856934-011.

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3

Hubbe, Martin A. "Hybrid Filler (Cellulose/Noncellulose) Reinforced Nanocomposites." In Handbook of Nanocellulose and Cellulose Nanocomposites, 273–99. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527689972.ch8.

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Harito, Christian, Listya Utari, Dmitry V. Bavykin, Brian Yuliarto, Hermawan K. Dipojono, and Frank C. Walsh. "Chapter 8. Polymer Composites Having a High Filler Content of Cellulose Nanoparticles." In Cellulose Nanoparticles : Synthesis and Manufacturing, 170–86. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788019545-00170.

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5

Bahlouli, N., J. Y. Cavaillé, M. García-Ramirez, and A. Camara. "Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Polyethylene Reinforced by Ligno-Cellulosic Fillers." In Biopolymers, 65–76. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0723.ch005.

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6

Roman, Maren, and William T. Winter. "Cellulose Nanocrystals for Thermoplastic Reinforcement: Effect of Filler Surface Chemistry on Composite Properties." In ACS Symposium Series, 99–113. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2006-0938.ch008.

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7

Soppa, Karolina, Anita Hoess, Matthias Läuchli, Silja Meyer, Thomas Geiger, Nadim C. Scherrer, Stefan Zumbühl, and Tobias Haupt. "Can Cellulose Beads Save The Circling of the Planets? Cellulose-Based Consolidating Filler to Stabilise Lifted Brittle Flakes on a Large Painting." In Conservation of Modern Oil Paintings, 597–606. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19254-9_45.

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8

Rusina, O., R. Kirmeier, A. Molinero, C. R. Rambo, and H. Sieber. "Manufacturing of Highly-Porous SIC-Ceramics from SI-Filled Cellulose Fibre Papers." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 169–76. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118407820.ch16.

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9

Haafiz, M. K. Mohamad, Azman Hassan, Abdul Khalil H.P.S., Abdulwahab F. Owolabi, M. M. Marliana, Reza Arjmandi, I. M. Inuwa, Mohammad R. Nurul Fazita, and M. Hazwan Hussin. "Cellulose nanowhiskers from oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass as green fillers." In Cellulose-Reinforced Nanofibre Composites, 241–59. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100957-4.00010-3.

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Haafiz, M. K. Mohamad, A. Hassan, H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, and Md Sohrab Hossain. "Comparing the effects of microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose nanowhiskers extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch on mechanical and thermal properties of polylactic acid composites." In Fillers and Reinforcements for Advanced Nanocomposites, 27–40. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100079-3.00002-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cellulose fillers"

1

Sheng, Lai Di, Sinar Arzuria Adnan, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi, Ismail Ibrahim, and Nazrul Haq. "Thermoplastic starch biocomposites with cellulose and bentonite fillers." In PROCEEDINGS OF GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE 2020. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0044613.

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2

Ghaemi, Ferial, Paridah Md Tahir, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, and Haniyeh Kargarzadeh. "Comparative study of cellulose nanofiber and carbon nanofiber effects as reinforcement fillers on mechanical properties of polypropylene composites." In ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND GROWTH: Proceedings of the 3rd Advanced Materials Conference 2016 (3rd AMC 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5010456.

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3

Vrabič Brodnjak, Urška, and Dimitrina Todorova. "Investigation of the optical properties of chitosan and rice starch blends, as a filler in paper or as a film for packaging applications." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p5.

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Bio based materials fall under the broad category of bio-products or bio-based products, which includes materials, chemicals and energy derived from renewable biological resources. This research shows the preparation of both, paper sheets with blend fillers of chitosan and rice starch and chitosan and rice starch films, which could be used as packaging material for a variety of applications. In this research, we used a blend mixture, different concentrations of chitosan and rice starch both in paper production and in films to investigate the optical properties of the obtained materials with a combination of ultrasonic treatment during the film formation. The research showed that the optical properties of the obtained packaging materials improved. It also showed that blend fillers of chitosan and rice starch are effective paper fillers in the preparation of cellulose mixture for bio based packaging materials and the optical properties are with slight changes. The investigation on the optical properties of the obtained paper samples during accelerated thermal showed that the ageing of paper with addition of chitosan and chitosan and rice starch blends had the same behaviour through the 72 hours of ageing. The ultrasonic treatment of the films improved transparency. The surface at untreated blend film was more uneven compared to chitosan and rice starch films, which improved after the treatment.

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4

Hospodarova, Viola, Nadezda Stevulova, Vojtech Vaclavik, Tomas Dvorsky, and Jaroslav Briancin. "Cellulose Fibres as a Reinforcing Element in Building Materials." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.104.

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Nowadays, construction sector is focusing in developing sustainable, green and eco-friendly building materials. Natural fibre is growingly being used in composite materials. This paper provides utilization of cellulose fibres as reinforcing agent into cement composites/plasters. Provided cellulosic fibres coming from various sources as bleached wood pulp and recycled waste paper fibres. Differences between cellulosic fibres are given by their physical characterization, chemical composition and SEM micrographs. Physical and mechanical properties of fibre-cement composites with fibre contents 0.2; 0.3and 0.5% by weight of filler and binder were investigated. Reference sample without fibres was also produced. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of cellulose fibres on the final properties (density, water absorbability, coefficient of thermal conductivity and compressive strength) of the fibrecement plasters after 28 days of hardening. Testing of plasters with varying amount of cellulose fibres (0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 wt. %) has shown that the resulting physical and mechanical properties depend on the amount, the nature and structure of the used fibres. Linear dependences of compressive strength and thermal conductivity on density for plasters with cellulosic fibres adding were observed.

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Ji, Yali, Isaac Rodriguez, and Gary L. Bowlin. "Electrospinning of Chitin Whisker-Reinforced Nanocomposite Fibrous Scaffolds." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80104.

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Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer next to cellulose and possesses many favorable properties such as non-toxicity, high crystallinity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Acid-treatment of chitin can dissolve regions of low lateral order, resulting in elongated rod-like nanocrystals, termed “whiskers”. Chitin whiskers (CWs) are an emerging and novel nanofiller that have been shown to bring about reinforcing effects on both synthetic and natural polymeric structures. The biocompatibility and biodegradability also make it one of the most promising fillers.1 However; it was thought that CWs can only well disperse in aqueous solution, and poorly disperse in organic solvents, which to some extent restricts the development of CW-based nanocomposites. In a previous study, we found that the CW can be well dispersed in 1,1,1-trifluoroethanol (TFE) solvent which is a good solvent for commonly used biodegradable polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactide (PLA) and polydioxanone (PDO). Thus, it is possible to blend CWs with these biopolymers to prepare nanocomposite scaffolds. Electrospinning is a rather simple and promising technique to fabricate scaffolds, since the resulting microstructures are similar to the extracellular matrix (ECM) with potential facilitate the design of surgical implants and promote tissue regeneration. Thus, the focus of this work was to develop CW-reinforced nanocomposite fiber scaffolds via electrospinning and investigate their mechanical and biological properties, expecting them to be potential candidates for bone tissue engineering applications.

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Fath, M. Thoriq Al, Halimatuddahliana Nasution, Hamidah Harahap, and Ghendis Ekawati Ayu. "Biocomposite of pectin and starch filled with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC): The effect of filler loading and glycerol addition." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5134576.

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7

Sulaiman, Hanisah Syed, Chia Chin Hua, and Sarani Zakaria. "Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) filled boron nitride (BN) nanocomposites." In THE 2015 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2015 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4931263.

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8

Can, Buse Nur, Aylin Kuman, Cansu Gozutok, and Guralp Ozkoc. "Corn-bran: Alternative cellulosic filler for polypropylene." In PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-32: The 32nd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society - Conference Papers. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5016764.

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Harahap, Hamidah, Yuni Aldriani Lubis, Taslim, Iriany, Halimatuddahliana Nasution, and Hamda Eka Agustini. "Effect of filler loading of characteristic natural rubber latex (NRL) film filled with nanocrystal cellulose (NCC) and dipersion agent polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ICOMMET 2017) : Advancing Innovation in Materials Science, Technology and Applications for Sustainable Future. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5030282.

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10

Chen, Han-Hsiang, Yen-Tse Cheng, chileung tsui, Yu-hsin Chiang, Chu-yun Kao, and Wei-Chih Wang. "Cellulose nanoporous foam filled multi-layered split ring THz sensor." In Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and 3D Systems, edited by Jaehwan Kim. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2516005.

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